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O presente artigo aborda a calibração de sensores de temperatura PT100 usando fornos com bloco seco. A exploração das contribuições individuais das incertezas de medição no processo de calibração é importante fonte na avaliação do processo de calibração e na estimativa dos erros e incertezas associadas aos sensores termorresistivos. O detalhamento do método e a utilização de um meio térmico estável corroboram para uma adequada calibração de sensores PT100 aplicando fornos com bloco seco. Os resultados demonstram uma precisa e exata correlação entre as grandezas envolvidas no método de calibração, bem como destacam as variáveis operacionais críticas ao processo.

Abstract Background Tooth wear is an important mechanism for reducing dental dimensions and, consequently, dental crowding. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the relation of tooth wear, adjusted for covariates (age, tooth loss, arch perimeter and intercanine width), on tertiary crowding in Amazon Indigenous populations. Methods A sample of 40 Indigenous people in permanent dentition at T0 (baseline) and after 13 years (T1) were evaluated. The sample included 16 males and 24 females belonging to two villages, Arara (n = 22, mean ages 16.6 and 29.9 years) and Assurini do Xingu (n = 18, mean ages 16.0 and 29.6 years). Clinical, intraoral photograph and dental cast evaluations were performed at both times. The anterior crowding was measured using Little’s Irregularity Index (LI) and modeled through a multilevel linear regression with the predictor variables: village, tooth wear (T1-T0), age (T0), tooth loss (T1-T0), changes in intercanine width (T1-T0) and changes in arch perimeter (T1-T0). Results A slight increase was observed (

Abstract Background Climate change has severe health impacts, particularly for populations living in environmentally sensitive areas such as riversides, slopes, and forests. These challenges are exacerbated for Indigenous communities, who often face marginalisation and rely heavily on the land for their livelihoods. Despite their vulnerability, the perspectives of Indigenous populations on climate change and its impacts remain underexplored, creating a critical gap in the literature. This study explored the perceptions of Indigenous Brazilian university students on how climate change affects their daily lives and gathered their insights on potential adaptations to mitigate climate change-related impacts. Methods Using a participatory arts-based approach, participants captured photographs reflecting their lived experiences with climate change. Follow-up interviews provided a narrative framework for qualitative analysis, enabling participants to articulate the strengths and concerns of their communities while transcending cultural and linguistic barriers. Results The study revealed key themes, including (1) the fragility of ecosystems critical to Indigenous livelihoods, (2) the erosion of traditional knowledge systems due to environmental and social disruptions, and (3) the need for community-driven strategies to protect territories and preserve cultural identities. Participants highlighted the interconnectedness of their cultural values with environmental stewardship, emphasising the importance of maintaining these relationships as a form of resilience. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of protecting Indigenous territories and respecting their cultural identities to safeguard their survival and traditions. The voices of Indigenous university students provided valuable insights into community-based adaptations and strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change.

A Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira redirecionou a assistência em saúde mental no país a partir de propostas de cuidado comunitário, inclusão social, promoção de direitos humanos e cidadania. A Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, atual política nacional de Saúde Mental, tem como um de seus objetivos a promoção da reabilitação de pessoas com transtorno mental por meio do acesso ao trabalho. A Economia Solidária se apresenta como estratégia importante para inclusão pelo trabalho e geração de renda no campo da saúde mental. A partir da importância da confluência entre o campo da Economia Solidária e da Saúde Mental, foi inaugurada em 2017 a Rede de Economia Solidária e Saúde Mental de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (LIBERSOL). A LIBERSOL congrega diferentes instituições, pessoas e empreendimentos solidários procurando articular ações que potencializam a inclusão social pelo trabalho. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar potencialidades, barreiras e estratégias utilizadas pela rede LIBERSOL para mobilizar uma oficina de geração de renda e trabalho em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da anotação sistemática, em diário de campo, de vivências, percepções, ações articuladas pela rede, assim como suas repercussões no período de abril a dezembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados por meio da matriz proporcionada pela análise hermenêutico-dialético. Nos resultados foram identificados como os principais desafios para a consolidação do grupo de geração de renda a falta de formação e engajamento da equipe na proposta e dificuldades para concretizar o grupo devido o momento da pandemia do coronavirus no Brasil. Como estratégias para superar as adversidades foram desenvolvidas: ações de educação permanente para sensibilização e formação da equipe, tendo como apoio diferentes forças presentes na rede LIBERSOL; organização de espaços de comercialização de produtos; além da articulação da ampliação do debate no município por meio do controle social. Essas estratégias permitiram a instauração do grupo de geração de renda no CAPS e evidenciou que a prática da reabilitação psicossocial exige dos profissionais de saúde o desafio diário da superação de ações centradas na doença, procurando construir cotidianamente intervenções que visem o desenvolvimento da autonomia e protagonismo dos sujeitos. Além de destacar o papel das residências multiprofissionais como estratégias que promovem tais transformações.

O presente artigo se propõe a identificar algumas externalidades negativas oriundas da não observância de determinados padrões éticos em modelos de Inteligência Artificial (IA). O estudo objetiva esclarecer a importância de se voltar uma rigorosa atenção aos dados que são utilizados na construção de modelos de IA, tal como elencar possíveis soluções para reduzir a incidência de algoritmos enviesados e mitigar suas consequências danosas. A metodologia utilizada tem natureza exploratória e descritiva, abordando casos práticos e, também, como procedimento técnico, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica. A conclusão principal aferida é a de que os algoritmos enviesados produzem nefastas consequências sociais, violando direitos fundamentais e operando como catalisadores, o que aumenta e perpetua preconceitos e segregações inerentes à sociedade na qual se baseiam, contribuindo com a manutenção e intensificação do racismo estrutural que permeia a sociedade e o sistema de justiça criminal.

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da incontinência urinária (IU) e seu impacto na qualidade de vida na população idosa de um bairro de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul). Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 401 indivíduos, com idade superior a 65 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes há pelo menos 12 meses no bairro. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação do International Consultation on Continence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), durante uma visita domiciliar. Resultados: A prevalência de IU encontrada na população foi de 32,2%. Em relação ao gênero, 37,9% das mulheres apresentaram-se incontinentes; nos homens, o percentual foi de 15,5%. Os tipos de IU mais prevalentes foram de urgência (18%) e de esforço (16%). Existe uma associação significativa entre a presença de IU e o avanço da idade (r = 0,183; p < 0,001), idade e a interferência na vida diária (r = 0,101; p = 0,044) e idade e a piora na qualidade de vida (r = 0,117; p = 0,02). O ICIQ-SF demonstrou impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos idosos com IU. Conclusão: Observou-se maior prevalência de IU entre mulheres em todas as faixas etárias. A IU de urgência e a de esforço foram as mais prevalentes. O ICIQ-SF indicou interferência negativa significativa da IU na qualidade de vida dos idosos, sobretudo na faixa etária dos 90 aos 99 anos. A prevalência de IU interferiu de maneira significativa na frequência das perdas, na realização das atividades de vida diária e na piora da qualidade de vida dos idosos estudados.

A sustentabilidade é essencial no planejamento de cidades e edifícios resilientes. Entretanto, ainda existem diversas lacunas, onde destaca-se: ausência de métodos que integrem edificações e seu contexto; avaliações que focam apenas em realidades genéricas; e a ideia de que a sustentabilidade pode ser atingida com tecnologias estáticas. Assim, parte-se da ideia de que a sustentabilidade do bairro ou da cidade depende das edificações, e vice-versa. Objetiva-se apresentar a proposta do Sistema USAT, com base no modelo ESA-B. O método de gestão avalia, com base em indicadores na escala urbana e do edifício, a sustentabilidade do bairro. O sistema é composto por 4 painéis: Choques, Estrutura Urbana, Condutas e Desempenho. A metodologia da pesquisa apresenta-se em três etapas: revisão sobre métodos existentes e sua correlação; seleção de indicadores e composição do framework; aplicação da técnica delphi e formulação do modelo de gestão da sustentabilidade e coleta de dados para avaliação e validação. A proposta cria subsídio ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, considerando a relação da estrutura do lugar com as edificações construídas. Além disso, há fácil acesso pelos moradores, permitindo análise da sustentabilidade de sua edificação e do bairro onde residem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of forage cactus under daytime and nighttime irrigation in a Brazilian semiarid region. The experiment followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with ten replications: three clones of forage cactus (“IPA Sertânia”—IPA, “Miúda”—MIU, “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”—OEM) and two irrigation schedules (daytime and nighttime). Irrigation was applied once a week using a graduated cylinder. The structural characteristics (i.e., plant height and width, total number of cladode—TNC; cladode number per emergence order—CN1, CN2 and CN3; cladode area—CA; cladode area index—CAI), productive characteristics (fresh mass production per plant—FM and dry mass—DM) and water use efficiency (WUEFM and WUEDM) were obtained from the plant harvests. Our results showed that the irrigation schedules did not lead to significant differences in most of the response variables (p > 0.05), except for the TNC (13.2 und), CN2 (7.4 und) and CAI (1.58 m2 m−2) of MIU. It was observed that OEM presented the highest yield, WUEFM and WUEDM (p < 0.05). Adopting the OEM clone, regardless of the irrigation schedule, is the strategy that achieves the best production.

Abstract Paratomy is an asexual reproductive process that occurs in annelids, flatworms and other groups. During this process, anterior structures are formed in the middle of the body, giving rise to segmented organisms, each segment being called a zooid. Once formed, the zooids detach and form new organisms. Using RNAseq of worms prior to zooid formation and with two zooids, we search for genes that are differentially expressed and may be related to the control of this process in the flatworm Stenostomum leucops. Several signaling pathways showed differential expression, including MAPK/ERK, PI3K-Akt, Wnt, TGFb, mTOR, FoxO and others. Forty-five genes were found to be particularly significant because they are differentially expressed and play an important role in the development of other flatworms. These include ERK, MKP, JNK, PI3K, PTEN, β -catenin, FoxO, Sufu, GH and others. The results suggest some similarities in gene regulation between paratomy and regeneration observed in other flatworms after fission or amputation. In worms without zooids, pathways required for cell proliferation, differentiation of cells into multiple cell lineages and determination of the body axis are activated. In worms with 2 zooids, genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis are activated. Activation of genes involved in neoblast proliferation and maintenance appears to occur at both stages.

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is a muscle disease characterized by reduction of muscle strength and muscle mass. In RA, 25.9 to 43.3% of the patients present sarcopenia. The loss of muscle mass observed in RA patients occurs either by activation of catabolic pathways or by inhibition of anabolic pathways. Despite having a list of drugs capable of treating RA inflammation, their effect on muscle is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the tofacitinib effect on the muscle mass of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Methods CIA was induced in male DBA/1J mice by subcutaneous injection of Type 2 Collagen plus Freund Adjuvant. Animals were randomized into 3 groups: CIA + tofacitinib; CIA + vehicle; and healthy controls. Treatment was administered twice a day, between days 18 and 45 after induction. Clinical score, edema, and body weight were evaluated during the experimental period. After euthanasia, tibiotarsal joints were collected for assessment of disease histopathological score, and tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GA) muscles were weighed to assess muscle mass. Muscle atrophy was evaluated by measurement of TA myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA). Protein expression was evaluated by western blot using GA homogenates. Serum inflammatory markers were evaluated by ELISA. Statistical analysis included ANOVA followed by Tukey’s or with Kruskal-Wallis. The statistical difference was assumed for p

OBJECTIVE: To understand possible sociodemographic, economic and health differences between older rural and urban Brazilians participating in the 2013 National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a secondary analysis of data from 11,177 elderly individuals. The dependent variable was place of residence (rural or urban), and the independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics (age group [age 60 to 79 or 80 years and older], gender, race, municipality and socioeconomic condition) and clinical characteristics: private health plan, enrollment in the Family Health Strategy program (Estratégia Saúde da Família) and self-perceived health. Associations between dependent and independent variables were assessed using the χ2 test, with p < 5% considered significant. RESULTS: Except for age group, all other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were significantly associated with place of residence (p < 0.0001). Rural participants were more frequently: male, mixed race, married, illiterate, non-capital residents, with a lower socioeconomic level, better Family Health Strategy coverage, were less likely to have private health insurance. The self-perceived health of urban elderly was more frequently very good, good or very poor (p

Abstract Background To verify the influence of macrogeometry with healing chambers on the osseointegration of dental implants by analyzing implant stability quotient (ISQ) and evaluate the correlation between insertion torque and ISQ insertion with different macrogeometries. Methods In total, 26 implants were installed in the posterior mandible of eight patients with sufficient bone height for the installation of implants measuring 3.5 mm in diameter and 9.0 mm in length. The implants were categorized according to two types of macrogeometry: a test group (GT) with 13 conical implants with healing chambers and a control group (GC) with 13 conical implants with conventional threads. To insert the implants, a bone drilling protocol was used up to a diameter of 3 mm with the last helical bur. The insertion torque of the implants was evaluated, followed by the measurement of ISQ at 0 (T-0), 7 (T-7), 14 (T-14), 21 (T-21), 28 (T-28), and 42 (T-42) days. Results The mean insertion torque was 43 Ncm in both groups, without a significant difference. Moreover, no significant difference in the ISQ values was found between the groups at different time points (p > 0.05), except at T-7 (GT = 69.87±1.89 and GC = 66.48±4.49; p = 0.01). Although there was no significant difference, ISQ median values were higher in the GT group than GC group at 28 days (GT = 67.98 and GC = 63.46; p = 0.05) and 42 days (GT = 66.12 and GC = 60.33; p = 0.09). No correlation was found between the insertion torque and ISQ insertion (p > 0.05). Conclusion Furthermore, implants with a 3.5 mm diameter macrogeometry, with or without healing chambers, inserted with a drilling protocol up to 3 mm in diameter of the last helical bur, led to a similar secondary stability, with no difference in ISQ values. Although, implants with healing chamber demonstrates ascending values in the graph of ISQ, having a trend of faster osseointegration than implants without healing chambers. Both macrogeometries provide a similar primary stability to implants. Trial registration This study was registered retrospectively in ReBec (brazilian registry of clinical trials) under the number RBR-96n5×69, on the date of 19/06/2023.

Caatinga is a typical Brazilian biome facing severe threats despite its ecological and socio-economic importance. Conservation strategies are essential in protecting ecosystems and ensuring natural resource sustainability. Mata da Pimenteira State Park (PEMP), launched in 2012, is an example of such a strategy. The current study aims to use orbital remote sensing techniques to assess human impacts on changes in land use and land cover (LULC) after the establishment of PEMP in the semi-arid region known as Caatinga, in Pernambuco State. The effects of this unit on vegetation preservation were specifically analyzed based on using data from the MapBiomas Brasil project to assess trends in LULC, both in and around PEMP, from 2002 to 2020. Man–Kendall and Pettitt statistical tests were applied to identify significant changes, such as converting forest areas into pastures and agricultural plantations. Trends of the loss and gain of LULC were observed over the years, such as forest areas’ conversion into pasture and vice versa, mainly before and after PEMP implementation. These findings highlight the importance of developing conservation measures and planning to help protecting the Caatinga, which is a vital biome in Brazil.

Petit suisse cheese is a fresh cheese, made with pasteurized milk, with very high humidity, with a light, smooth and creamy consistency. Sensory analysis is a tool used in the food industry to obtain information about the experiences, perceptions and expectations of consumers, considering visual, olfactory, gustatory and tactile stimuli of the food, together with the physical, psychological, cultural, sociological and environmental. In this scenario, the present work aimed to verify the influence of the addition of prepared strawberry-flavored pulp on sensory acceptance, purchase intention and ideal pink color in different formulations of petit suisse cheese. The sample without the addition of pulp prepared with strawberry flavor was added with 0.6% of artificial strawberry flavor and the other samples received in their formulations 7.4%, 13.8%, 24.2%, 32.4% and 42 .8% prepared strawberry-flavored pulp. Sensory tests of acceptance, purchase intention and ideal pink color were performed in individual booths under white light with the presence of 120 consumers. With the analysis of the results, it was concluded that the addition of pulp prepared strawberry flavor positively influences the sensory quality of the product to some extent, since the excess pulp prepared strawberry flavor can impair the sensory characteristics, and, consequently, negatively impact in product evaluation.

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta um retrato docente de uma licenciada em Física que aderiu à docência e permanece em uma escola pública. O objetivo é buscar elementos constituintes de sua individualidade que permitam identificar a forma como suas experiências afetaram sua trajetória profissional. O estudo é fundamentado na sociologia à escala individual de Bernard Lahire, com especificações ao Ensino de Ciências. A metodologia consiste na construção de um retrato docente a partir de uma entrevista. Os resultados mostram que, para o caso investigado, a participante manifestou disposições para sua permanência no magistério, sendo elas: disposição ao reconhecimento, disposição à afetividade e disposição à introspecção.

Este artigo consiste em uma das etapas de uma dissertação de mestrado em Educação Matemática ainda em desenvolvimento. O presente texto se propõe a realizar uma análise, derivada de uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o uso da metodologia dos Projetos de Aprendizagem na disciplina de Matemática e, igualmente, observar quais as contribuições no uso dessa metodologia e como se dá a apropriação de diferentes conceitos matemáticos pelos estudantes. De modo a contemplar o caráter que compreende as relações humanas e como ocorre o aprendizado dos estudantes em espaços que oportunizam um trabalho coletivo, faz-se uso do conceito de cooperação proposto por Jean Piaget no intuito de explorar o papel que as interações humanas, habitualmente observadas no contexto dos Projetos de Aprendizagem, têm na construção de diferentes conhecimentos matemáticos. Para tal intento, por meio da metodologia proposta pela revisão sistemática de literatura, analisam-se artigos, dissertações e teses que apresentam resultados de pesquisa envolvendo o uso de Projetos de Aprendizagem na disciplina de Matemática. Após leitura e análise dos trabalhos consultados concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento de um protagonismo entre os estudantes culmina em uma melhor compreensão de diferentes conceitos matemáticos mediante o estabelecimento de uma relação entre teoria e prática, tendo como ponto de partida as inquietações e perguntas dos próprios estudantes.

The increasing frequency and severity of droughts, driven by rising global temperatures, are impacting crop yields. Elucidating the response of agricultural ecosystems to droughts under different management practices is vital for food security that supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 for zero hunger. Our study revisited the spatio-temporal evolution of record-breaking drought event of 2012 in the continental United States by using a 3-month Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI3), and analyzed the impacts of such drought based on three satellite-based ecological metrics, including structural metric (LAI) and physiological metrics (GPP, GOSIF) across the irrigated and rainfed croplands, respectively. Generally, these metrics exhibited obvious seasonal dynamics, and successfully captured the drought-induced stress on agriculture in 2012. In rainfed croplands, LAI was more sensitive to drought compared to the other two metrics. Specifically, during the 2012 drought, LAI in rainfed fields was below the multi-year average at approximately day of year (DOY) 161, while GPP and GOSIF began at about DOY 177. By contrast, LAI and GPP simultaneously captured the negative anomalies in irrigated croplands at approximately DOY 169. Compared to the irrigated cropland, the rainfed cropland showed larger cumulative decreases in LAI, GPP, and GOSIF from June to September 2012 by about 3.64, 12.92 g C m−2, and 0.55 W m−2 μm−1 sr−1, respectively. Spatially, all negative anomalies increased throughout the growing season of both rainfed and irrigated croplands in the continental United States. The percentage of negative anomalies in irrigated fields was lower than in rainfed fields during this period. In this study, we illustrated that irrigation plays an important role in mitigating meteorological droughts in agroecosystems as well as providing safeguards for human food supply.

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition emerging in early childhood, characterized by core features such as sociocommunicative deficits and repetitive, rigid behaviors, interests, and activities. In addition to these, disruptive behaviors (DB), including aggression, self-injury, and severe tantrums, are frequently observed in pediatric patients with ASD. The atypical antipsychotics risperidone and aripiprazole, currently the only Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments for severe DB in patients with ASD, often encounter therapeutic failure or intolerance. Given this, exploring pharmacological alternatives for more effective management of DB associated with ASD is essential. Clozapine, noted for its unique antiaggressive effects in schizophrenia and in various treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders, independent from its antipsychotic efficacy, remains underexplored in youths with ASD facing severe and persistent DB. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of clozapine for treatment-resistant DB in youths with ASD. MethodsThis is a prospective, single-center, noncontrolled, open-label trial. After a cross-titration phase, 31 patients with ASD aged 10-17 years and with treatment-resistant DB received a flexible dosage regimen of clozapine (up to 600 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Standardized instruments were applied before, during, and after the treatment, and rigorous clinical monitoring was performed weekly. The primary outcome was assessed using the Irritability Subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Other efficacy measures include the Clinical Global Impression Severity and Improvement, the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire-IV, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Safety and tolerability measures comprised adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiography, laboratory tests, physical measurements, and extrapyramidal symptoms with the Simpsons-Angus Scale. Statistical analysis will include chi-square tests with Monte Carlo simulation for categorical variables, paired t tests or Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables, and multivariate linear mixed models to evaluate the primary outcome, adjusting for confounders. ResultsRecruitment commenced in February 2023. Data collection was concluded by April 2024, with analysis ongoing. This article presents the protocol of the initially planned study to provide a detailed methodological description. The results of this trial will be published in a future paper. ConclusionsThe urgent need for effective pharmacological therapies in mitigating treatment-resistant DB in pediatric patients with ASD underscores the importance of this research. Our study represents the first open-label trial to explore the anti-aggressive effects of clozapine in this specific demographic, marking a pioneering step in clinical investigation. Adopting a pragmatic approach, this trial protocol aims to mirror real-world clinical settings, thereby enhancing the applicability and relevance of our findings. The preliminary nature of future results from this research has the potential to pave the way for more robust studies and emphasize the need for continued innovation in ASD treatment. Trial RegistrationBrazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-54j3726; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-54j3726 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/58031

Human tissue simulating materials are currently used in scientific research mainly because they help to avoid possible ethical issues, unlike what happens with studies involving live animals and/or human cadavers. The use of ballistic gelatin as a human soft tissue surrogate stands out, although other types of materials can be used, including polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane in the simulation of bones and skin respectively, not to mention some computational models that completely replace the physical use of surrogate models for gunshot wound simulation. The use of human tissue surrogates can be useful in reconstructing the dynamics of a crime scene when important forensic traces cannot be found. In the absence of projectiles but in possession of the possible firearm used in the crime, for example, it is possible to verify whether the weapon in question actually fired the fatal gunshot by comparing the injury found on the victim with the injury produced on the simulant material that best represents the anatomical area impacted, as indicated in the literature. Thus, scientific advances in experimental research in terminal ballistics with tissue surrogates can positively impact applied forensic sciences in the search for better technical assistance to the justice system in solving criminal situations.

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of lung imaging using 3D electrical impedance tomography (EIT) during spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. EIT is a noninvasive, nonionizing, real-time functional imaging technique, suitable for bedside monitoring in critically ill patients. EIT data were collected in 24 mechanically ventilated patients immediately preceding and during a SBT on two rows of 16 electrodes using a simultaneous multicurrent source EIT system for 3D imaging. Dynamic 3D EIT images of conductivity were computed, as well as the EIT-derived rapid shallow breathing index, regional ventilation delay, global inhomogeneity index, and time traces of tidal volumes. 3D reconstructions and derived measures demonstrated inhomogeneity in ventilation distribution within patients. We conclude that 3D EIT images can provide information regarding ventilatory heterogeneity across the lung and may be useful in guiding ventilator management.

Esta pesquisa trata da história do Museu do Colégio Mauá (Santa Cruz do Sul, RS), aqui considerado como um museu escolar, em suas primeiras décadas, e um lócus de pesquisa arqueológica, a partir de sua reinauguração, nos anos 1960. O recorte enfatiza o papel de seus agentes que atuaram como coletores de vestígios arqueológicos na região e junto aos seus habitantes. A investigação orienta-se pela operação historiográfica no âmbito da história da educação e da história dos museus e utiliza-se de imagens fotográficas e registros escritos para construir a narrativa proposta. O substrato teórico e metodológico está fundamentado na operação historiográfica, relacionado ao paradigma indiciário com a contribuição multidisciplinar possibilitada pelos estudos da História Cultural e sua ligação com a História da Educação e a Museologia.

Ana Maria Martensen Roland Kaleff é professora titular aposentada da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), onde atuou por mais de 40 anos. É fundadora do Laboratório de Ensino de Geometria (LEG) da UFF (1994) do qual foi coordenadora acadêmica até sua aposentadoria, em 2018. Em 2024, o LEG completou 30 anos e durante sua existência, as ações desenvolvidas naquele espaço marcaram a formação de gerações de professores de Matemática, estreitando laços entre afetos e conhecimentos, por meio de atividades e recursos didáticos, artesanais e de baixo custo, como também por representações virtuais e inclusivas voltadas para o ensino de Matemática. Após sua aposentadoria, a Professora Ana mudou-se para a cidade de Macaé/RJ e lá fundou, em 2019, um novo laboratório, nomeado Laboratório de Educação Matemática Prof.ª Ana Kaleff (LEMAK), passando a coordená-lo voluntariamente de 2019 a 2020. O LEMAK se constituiu como um local de criação, desenvolvimento e aplicação de experimentos educacionais em mostras do tipo Museu Interativo e cursos para formação continuada de professores. Devido à pandemia da COVID-19, este Laboratório teve suas atividades interrompidas em 2021. Apesar do curto período, o LEMAK recebeu mais de 1000 pessoas, entre licenciandos, professores e alunos da Educação Básica da região. Pela sua larga trajetória em Laboratórios de Educação Matemática e motivadas pelas nossas próprias vivências no LEG e no LEMAK, convidamos a Professora Ana Kaleff para compartilhar conosco algumas reflexões sobre a mulher na Matemática, um pouco da criação e a sua vivência em um Laboratório para o ensino de Matemática, tão importantes para a formação inicial e continuada do professor, como para a democratização e divulgação da Matemática escolar.

Abstract Antimicrobial drug resistance is a challenge to public health. Various microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pythium insidiosum, and Candida auris, have developed resistance to commonly used antimicrobials in infection disease treatments. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore and develop novel therapeutic drugs. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, have received attention in the quest for innovative treatments for various diseases. Plantago major is a plant endowed with several biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and healing actions. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of P. major. Microdilution assays were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration. Additionally, synergism with antimicrobial drugs was assessed using a time-kill curve analysis. A synergistic bactericidal interaction between the extract and imipenem was observed against carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. For MRSA, a bacteriostatic synergism was noted in combinations of the extract with cephalotin and oxacillin. For C. auris, a fungistatic interaction was observed between the extract and amphotericin B. These results suggest the presence of bioactive compounds within the extract with therapeutic potential for combating infections caused by these microorganisms.

RESUMO Apresentam-se resultados de análise de artigos sobre violências na escola publicados pela Revista da ABRAPEE no período de 2010 a 2019. Partiu-se das seguintes questões: as pesquisas contribuem para explicar corretamente este fenômeno? Apresentam sugestões relevantes? Pautando-se no método de Marx, na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica constatou-se que parcela dos autores naturaliza e ou patologiza as violências na escola. Pouquíssimos dos 17 artigos analisados acercam o objeto de estudo na complexidade necessária, ainda que apresentem importantes sugestões. No Brasil, as relações socioeconômicas capitalistas e as políticas educacionais adotadas pelo governo FHC não alteradas nos governos posteriores concorrem para as violências nas escolas. Situação agravada pela extrema polarização político ideológica atual. O conceito “violência na escola” de Charlot contribui para obscurecer a compreensão desse fenômeno ao invés de contribuir para esclarecê-lo.

Abstract The region of the Maritime Antarctic suffers significantly from climate change, resulting in regional warming and consequently affecting coverage. This study characterized three surface zones of Collins Glacier and three other zones in ice-free areas on the Fildes Peninsula, which has an area of 29.6 km². We used TerraSAR-X satellite images from 2014 to 2016 and analyzed the influence of meteorological and environmental conditions on these surface zones. We used five images from the TerraSAR-X satellite, three of these data were obtained during the same period of fieldwork. The classification considered three classes on the glacier (higher moisture, transition in moisture, and lower moisture) and three on the ice-free areas (wet snow, transition wet snow-bare ice, and bare ice), using Maximum Likelihood and ISODATA methods. In low-altitude glaciers with maritime influence, such as Collins, monitoring variations in surface zones is essential because the continuous increase in exposed ice may indicate potential retreat. The TerraSAR-X images enabled the classification of land features, highlighting the potential for continuous monitoring in the Maritime Antarctic, regardless of weather conditions and solar illumination.

ABSTRACT: Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important weed in irrigated rice cultivation, being one of the main factors limiting cereal productivity in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Thus, this study determined the effect of pre-emergent herbicide use in autumnal management on the control and reduction of the weedy rice seed bank. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a commercial rice production area in the 2021/22 and 2022/23 growing seasons in Dom Pedrito (RS). The scheme used was factorial, with factor A consisting of different herbicide application times, namely June, July, and August, and corresponding to 100, 78, and 26 days and 42, 26, and 10 days before rice sowing for the agricultural years 2021/22 and 2022/23, respectively. Factor B consisted of the application of the herbicides s-metolachlor (1440 g a.i. ha-1), sulfentrazone + diuron (210 and 420 g a.i. ha-1), piroxasulfone (170 g a.i. ha-1), and flumioxazin (50 g a.i. ha-1), in addition to the control (no application). The evaluated variables were control (%), number of plants (m-2) at crop pre-harvest, number of full, viable, and non-viable wild rice seeds m-2 in the soil, crop injury (%), and grain yield (kg ha-1). The herbicides showed control values below 25% and low reduction of the seed bank in the soil, being considered ineffective in this application modality. The herbicides s-metolachlor, sulfentrazone + diuron, and flumioxazin exhibited the highest injury values; however, they did not significantly affect crop productivity. Thus, when applied before rice sowing, the herbicides s-metolachlor, sulfentrazone + diuron, pyroxasulfone, and flumioxazin did not provided satisfactory control and do not significantly reduce the wild rice seed bank.

Abstract This study evaluated dynamics of antibodies in dogs treated for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Twenty-one dogs naturally infected by Leishmania spp. were grouped based on the treatment protocol: G1 (n=4) received allopurinol; G2 (n=10) allopurinol with miltefosine; and G3 (n=7) allopurinol, miltefosine and Leish-Tec® vaccine. The dogs were monitored monthly for a period of one year. To verify serum antibody titers, an indirect immunofluorescence reaction was performed. We found that dogs from G1 and G2 had lower clinical scores and antibody titers, when compared to the parameters evaluated in pre-treatment; however, clinical relapses were observed in three animals. In G3, clinical scores were lower than pre-treatment; however, they presented relatively stable antibody titers and no clinical relapse was observed. All animals submitted to the evaluated treatment protocols showed relative improvement in clinical signs. Furthermore, the immune response of animals must be considered, given the challenges of parasitic loads in infections. Therefore, it is necessary to complement the methods of clinical and therapeutic monitoring of dogs with CVL in order to establish the risk of transmissibility of the agent in infected and treated dogs.

IntroductionDifferential diagnosis of rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is mainly based on clinical aspects, muscle biopsy analysis, and auxiliary assays that determine myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies (MSA and MAA). While MSAs are considered specific for their respective IIM subclass, MAAs can be present in more than one subclass and in other conditions. This study compares results of a multispecific line blot assay with the final diagnosis of IIM patients based on clinical features and muscle biopsy to draw conclusions for the test's applicability in the diagnostic workflow.MethodsSamples from patients (n = 50) diagnosed with various forms of IIM, including patients (n = 5) with other myopathies, were analyzed using the EUROLINE Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 16 Ag (IgG), an anti-HMGCR (IgG) line blot, and the Anti-cN-1A ELISA (IgG, all EUROIMMUN).ResultsMSA and MAA were detected in 74.0% (37/50) of sera and were concordant with the final diagnosis in 64.8% (24/37), discordant in 16.2% (6/37) and not evaluable in 18.9% (7/37) of cases. In 100% (5/5) of patients with other myopathies, no MSA was found. MSA/MAA-co-positivity was observed in 18.0% (9/50) of patients. In 30.0% (15/50) of cases, the muscle biopsy analysis was essential to establish the final diagnosis.ConclusionThe agreement between serodiagnostic results and final diagnosis highlights the applicability of the EUROIMMUN myositis-related diagnostic test as first line diagnostic tool in the IIM diagnosis workflow and suggests morphological analysis in cases of inconclusive or negative serology. However, results of diagnostic assays shall always be interpreted in combination with clinical features.

A entrevista, concebida e conduzida por pesquisadores do Grupo de Pesquisa Filosofia, Educação e Práxis Social – FEPráxiS, visa a apresentar os principais pilares do pensamento de Antônio Joaquim Severino. O entrevistado discorre sobre seu próprio percurso formativo e as fontes filosóficas que o influenciaram, expõe as teses que vem desenvolvendo, no campo da Filosofia da Educação, e avança sobre os inarredáveis compromissos antropológicos, éticos e políticos da educação brasileira.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between caloric testing response patterns with respect to cochlear impairment in individuals with unilateral Ménière's disease. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, the factor under study was Ménière's disease and the outcome was cochleovestibular function, evaluated through caloric stimulation using videonystagmography and four-frequency averages in pure tone audiometry. Results: A total of 187 patients (equal sex distribution) who met the inclusion criteria were included. In impairment analysis of the affected ear, 17 patients had only vestibular impairment, 56 had only cochlear impairment, and 114 had cochleovestibular impairment. The distribution of Ménière's disease stages according to four-frequency average was grade I: 23.53%, grade II: 16.04%, grade III: 42.25%, and grade IV: 18.18%. There was a significant association (p

Este estudo caracterizou o assédio moral e os aspectos do contexto de trabalho que favorecem essa violência, e identificou as estratégias de defesa utilizadas por trabalhadores de Transporte Coletivo Urbano de uma capital do sul do país. Na etapa quantitativa, 382 trabalhadores responderam à Escala Laboral de Assédio Moral e a questões relacionadas à violência, com posterior análise estatística. Na segunda etapa, dez trabalhadores foram entrevistados e realizou-se a análise de conteúdo. A presença de atos hostis revelou situações frequentes de abuso de poder e as condições e a organização do trabalho apareceram como fatores facilitadores do assédio moral no trabalho. Os trabalhadores demonstraram dificuldades em estruturar estratégias de enfrentamento, vivenciando o sofrimento de forma solitária. Estratégias de defesa concentraram-se na manutenção do emprego e no não enfrentamento da violência. Retratar o contexto de trabalho dessa categoria evidencia um cenário de violência naturalizada e desestruturação do coletivo de trabalhadores.

Introdução: Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença decorrente de processo neurodegenerativo que se manifesta por perdas cognitivas, em particular da memória episódica e da aprendizagem. Por ser um transtorno neurocognitivo que afeta a memória, pensamento e comportamento, é a causa mais comum de demência e apresentam um impacto significativo nas atividades diárias, com alta morbidade e mortalidade. A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel importante na regulação das funções e do comportamento cerebral, por meio do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado uma correlação entre a desregulação da microbiota intestinal e doenças neurodegenerativas. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o envolvimento da microbiota intestinal e a relação dos probióticos na Doença de Alzheimer. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura e selecionados artigos publicados de revistas indexadas nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine/NLM (MEDLINE) e National Library of Medicine/NLM (PUBMED). Resultados: Os estudos avaliados demonstraram uma relação positiva da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento ou progressão da Doença de Alzheimer e embora existam poucos ensaios clínicos avaliando o efeito do consumo de probióticos em humanos com Doença de Alzheimer, os resultados encontrados até o momento indicam que a suplementação com probióticos possuem contribuição benéficas, como uma diminuição do processo inflamatório e da progressão da doença em questão. Conclusão: A microbiota intestinal pode ser influenciada por probióticos em pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer, trazendo melhoras cognitivas e comportamentais, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.

A importância da História Oral se destaca por permitir o acesso a informações de acontecimentos não registrados em documentos, bem como relatar visões invisibilizadas pela história oficial. Por essa razão, optou-se por utilizar a História Oral para narrar as histórias de professores e professoras imigrantes do Departamento de Matemática (DMAT) de Instituição de Ensino Superior Pública (IESP) do Sul do Brasil. Por outro lado, para ser possível narrar essas histórias, é necessário entender a trajetória única de cada professor(a), a partir da influência de seus marcadores sociais. A interseccionalidade é um conceito teórico que explora a constituição da identidade de um indivíduo, conceitualizando a interdependência não hierárquica entre os seus marcadores sociais e as complexas manifestações de discriminação impactadas pela interação entre esses marcadores. Este trabalho apresentará as três primeiras entrevistas do projeto de pesquisa “Narrativas de Docentes Imigrantes do Departamento de Matemática da IESP,” que tem como objetivo narrar as histórias de docentes latino-americanos (as) que atuam no DMAT. A entrevista foi realizada com uma professora branca, uma professora parda e um professor de descendência indígena, buscando relacionar trechos de seus relatos com seus marcadores sociais. Dentre as conclusões construídas destaca-se que o estudo evidenciou que, apesar da IESP visar a promoção de um ambiente inclusivo e diversificado, os desafios persistem. As narrativas revelam a importância de políticas institucionais que não apenas promovam a diversidade, mas que também atuem de forma eficaz para reconhecer e superar os desafios e as barreiras linguísticas, culturais e de gênero que ainda afetam a comunidade acadêmica.

Objective: To quantify daily direct costs through absorption costing and the demographic profile of neurological patients receiving palliative care (PCs) at a hospital in the Unified Health System. Methods: Convenience sample composed of 132 individuals admitted to Hospital Mestre Vitalino (HMV), in Caruaru-Pernambuco, with a diagnosis of neurological diseases, over 18 years of age and a favorable opinion for PCs, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and/or wards of HMV, and who had a favorable opinion from the PCs committee to start this type of care at HMV between 01/01/2019 and 12/31/2019, evolving to death in the unit in the same period. Average daily costs were adjusted by purchasing power parity1 and the American Consumer Price Index2, later converted to US dollars according to the exchange rate in effect on September 13, 2024. Results: The time interval between the start of PC and death had an average of 18.3 days. After the institution of this assistance, there was a 27% reduction (p

As culturas de inverno apresentam um alto potencial para a produção de forragens, as quais respondem a diferentes estratégias de cortes, surgindo a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas para determinar o melhor o número de cortes aliados a uma boa produção. O sistema de consórcios de gramíneas ainda é pouco estudado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características produtivas e bromatológicas de forrageiras hibernais submetidas a seis cortes sucessivos. Foram utilizados diferentes forrageias hibernais cultivadas em consórcio ou solteira, conforme designação dos tratamentos: TamPic: 90% de aveia branca GMX Tambo + 10% de aveia preta GMX Picasso; InvPicGau: 90% de aveia branca GMX Invernia + 5% de aveia preta GMX Picasso + 5% de aveia branca UPF Gaudéria; TamGau: 30% de aveia branca GMX Tambo + 70% de aveia branca UPF Gaudéria e Pic: 100% de aveia preta GMX Picasso. No quinto corte, o consórcio de aveias permitiu maior participação de folhas e menor participação de colmos na composição morfológica da planta em relação à aveia preta cultivada solteira (Pic). Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e de fibra em detergente ácido foram menores para o cultivo das aveias em consórcio, que variaram de (48,09% a 51,40% e 32,29% a 34,39% respectivamente) frente ao cultivo solteiro (54,84% e 38,32% respectivamente). A degradação ruminal das forragens consorciadas foi superior ao cultivo solteiro. Em relação aos cortes, o sexto corte apresentou os piores resultados para os teores de fibra e degradação ruminal. Recomenda-se o consórcio das aveias avaliadas, visto que apresentaram características morfológicas e químicas satisfatórias, e até o quinto corte melhor composição química e maior degradação ruminal da forragem, o que mostra potencial do ponto de vista nutricional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To structure a proposal for implementing and monitoring the nursing care protocol for the safety of adult patients with external ventricular drains. Method: Descriptive exploratory research based on Implementation Science, with intentional sampling. Carried out in a hospital complex in southern Brazil, between May and December 2022, in four stages: online questionnaire on knowledge of care for patients with external ventricular shunt for nurses; matrix of proposed indicators with key actors; self-instructional online course for nurses; synthesis of the existing protocol. Contextualized instructional design was used to develop the course. Results: Six nurses from the operating room and intensive care unit participated, identifying knowledge gaps, pointing out the need for specific training; four key actors in the neurosurgery service defined six indicators. An online course was created and made available on the platform of the institution with two modules, including eight videos. Protocol synthesis was adapted to the standards of the institution’s quality sector. Conclusion: A report regarding the implementation of the nursing care protocol for patients with external ventricular drains was delivered for the nurse who was the technical responsible. Future studies should evaluate the implementation and impacts it will generate. This model can be adapted by other institutions.

Abstract Some Antarctic ice-free areas have been affected by changes in lacustrine zones and permafrost thawing due to rising air temperatures over the last 60 years Temperature time-series were analyzed to understand the processes leading to the changes of Boeckella and Buenos Aires lakes, north Antarctic Peninsula. Statistical calculations were applied to average, maximum, and minimum temperatures, as well as to indexes such as Positive Degrees Day, Freezing/Thaw Day, and days with temperatures ≥ 0 °C and ≥ 10 °C. Changes in the region over recent decades were observed in mean and maximum temperatures and an increase in minimum temperature since the mid-1990s. In addition, the Normalized Difference Water Index was extracted from Landsat images from 2003, 2016, 2020, and 2021. These images were used to calculate changes in the areas of Boeckella and Buenos Aires lakes. These data revealed an 87% decrease in the area (m²) of Boeckella Lake and a 60% increase in Buenos Aires Lake´s area (m²). Concern has been raised about the modifying lake areas in the Antarctic Peninsula, where the collapse of Boeckella Lake could be the first case recorded in ice-free areas of Antarctica continent.

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes intermittent hypoxia, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation, which may elevate morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the intraoral appliance (IOA) as a treatment for OSA when it comes to the modulation of inflammatory markers and oxidative damage in elderly individuals. This "before and after" clinical trial included 9 patients diagnosed with OSA recruited from a multicenter randomized clinical trial study that evaluated the treatment with IOA for 60 days. Demographic and anthropometric variables, apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were collected by type III polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and inflammatory and oxidative damage markers (interleukin 6 (1L-6); tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); interleukin 10 (IL-10); thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); total thiols; advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and nitric oxide (NO)). Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-test and Pearson's correlation tests were used to analyze the results, respectively (α=0.05). The sample had a mean age of 71.86 ± 4.63 years, the majority were women (55.55%), and had a significant reduction in AHI (p=0.003), ODI (p=0.038), IL-10 (p=0.0001), AOPP (p=0.038) and TBARS levels (p=0.0001). There was a significant correlation between IL-10 and NO (r=0.855) and between TBARS and IL-6 (r=0.669), both after treatment. This study demonstrated that treating elderly patients with OSA using an IOA for 60 days reduces oxidative damage through the modulation of AOPP and TBARS.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo entender se a presença de pessoa com deficiência impacta na renda domiciliar per capita e na probabilidade de um domicílio se encontrar em situação de pobreza ou extrema pobreza. Utilizando os dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), foram estimados e comparados três modelos que buscaram testar as hipóteses que (1) domicílios em que pelo menos um morador é pessoa com deficiência apresentarão igual probabilidade de estar em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza em comparação a domicílios sem pessoa com deficiência e (2) domicílios em que pelo menos um morador é pessoa com deficiência apresentarão maior probabilidade de possuírem renda per capita inferior a um salário-mínimo (R$ 510). Os resultados encontrados confirmam as hipóteses para os modelos de extrema pobreza e pobreza, sendo que a presença de uma pessoa com deficiência no domicílio reduz as chances de a renda familiar per capita ficar abaixo destas respectivas linhas de pobreza. No entanto, é maior a probabilidade de esses domicílios possuírem renda domiciliar abaixo de um salário-mínimo.

O objetivo deste trabalho é propor novos indicadores educacionais para acompanhamento da atuação (ou não) de licenciados na educação básica. Os construtos de interesse que influenciaram a concepção dos indicadores propostos são os de adequação de formação, evasão e permanência docente e adesão à docência. A metodologia consiste em desenvolver dois indicadores que, de formas distintas, estabelecem relação entre os egressos de instituições formadoras e os docentes atuantes nas escolas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluímos que o fato de a maioria dos licenciados não atuar como professores – e boa parte deles evadir da profissão – constitui um obstáculo para que se atinja a Meta 15 do Plano Nacional de Educação.

Diante do crescimento das taxas de abandono e evasão escolar na educação básica verificados nos dois anos da pandemia de COVID-19, o artigo discute a busca ativa como estratégia de garantia do direito de acesso à educação e permanência na escola. A partir de uma breve revisão dos conceitos e fatores associados ao binômio abandono-evasão, o texto analisa os dados da Pnad-Contínua de 2022 e do Censo Escolar de 2023, colocando em evidência o cenário de insucesso e exclusão escolar dos grupos mais vulneráveis de estudantes matriculados nos sistemas públicos de ensino. Recorrendo ao exemplo do projeto de busca ativa em um município do ABC Paulista, aponta-se a potencialidade desta metodologia social para a redução das desigualdades educacionais nos territórios e de sua emergência como política pública de educação no contexto pós-pandêmico.

A contaminação com cobre tem aumentado nos solos submetidos a aplicação de fungicidas e fertilizantes orgânicos, incluindo áreas sob cultivo de milho e sorgo. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e bactérias Azospirillum brasilense evidenciaram-se promissores para promover o crescimento vegetal e poderão ser uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento das plantas em solo contaminado com cobre. Objetivou-se determinar a influência da coinoculação com FMAs e Azospirillum brasilense na promoção do desenvolvimento e nos teores de cobre em plantas de sorgo e milho cultivados em solo contaminado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial (6x2), com seis fontes de inóculo (Acaulospora scrobiculata; Rhizoglomus clarum; Azospirillum brasilense; Acaulospora scrobiculata + Azospirillum brasilense; Rhizoglomus clarum + Azospirillum brasilense, testemunha sem inoculação), solo sem e com a adição de 400 mg kg-1 de Cu, com sete repetições. Avaliou-se: altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, número de perfilhos, volume de raiz, clorofila a e b, área foliar, massa seca de parte aérea, raiz, teor de cobre no grão, parte aérea e raiz, colonização micorrízica e o número mais provável de A. brasilense nas raízes. De acordo com os resultados, as fontes de inóculos exibiram diferentes interações significativas nas avaliações, dependendo da cultura e da dose de Cu aplicada no solo. A inoculação com A. scrobiculata em solos contaminados com Cu favoreceu o crescimento de raiz, massa seca e colonização micorrízica no sorgo. Já o uso de R. clarum possibilitou melhor desenvolvimento na parte aérea do milho. Com relação a inoculação isolada e as coinoculações entre A. brasilense e FMAs verificou-se que estas reduziram o teor de Cu na parte aérea de plantas de sorgo para valores abaixo da legislação brasileira, representando assim uma possibilidade de ser cultivada em solo com excesso de cobre.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of corn dried distillers’ grains (DDG) levels in non-forage diets by in vitro, in situ (0 to 50%), and in vivo (0 to 40%) trials on kinetic parameters of gas production (GP) on rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) as well as on nitrogen (N) metabolism in Nellore cattle. For in vitro and in situ studies, three rumen cannulated Nellore males with body weight of 340.48 ± 22.22 kg were used. For the in vivo study, five non-castrated male Nellore cattle with an initial body weight of 355.20 ± 35.28 kg and 24 ± 3 months old were used to evaluate the effect of increasing DDG levels in non-forage diets on N metabolism by a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Experimental diets were based on ground corn, cottonseed cake, urea, mineral supplement, and increasing levels of DDG replacing ground corn. The DDG levels caused a linear decrease in GP and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The DDG presented a lower dry matter digestibility (DMD) and RDP and higher RUP than corn grain and cottonseed cake, making DDG diets present lower DMD and RDP than control. The DDG levels linearly increased the intake of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract, whereas non-fiber carbohydrates intake decreased and tended to decrease the DMD and organic matter digestibility. The DDG levels caused a linear increase in N intake and in total, fecal, and urinary N excretion, which was the major N excretion route, causing a quadratic drop in retained N and caused a quadratic effect on alanine aminotransferase. In contrast, triglycerides were cubically affected, and total blood protein increased. Thus, DDG levels negatively affect in vitro and in situ digestibility, increasing N intake but increasing urinary N excretion.

O artigo analisa O Continente I, primeiro tomo da obra O tempo e o vento, de Erico Verissimo, a partir do pressuposto de que a literatura pode contribuir com a história por apresentar a realidade sob um ângulo singular, mesclando dados factuais e ficção. Nessa perspectiva, coloca em foco a trajetória das personagens Ana Terra e Rodrigo Cambará, as quais revelam nuances do contexto da época, possibilitando ao leitor revisitar o passado e compreendê-lo a partir da malha ficcional. Assim, o texto pode ser compreendido como fonte privilegiada de acesso ao pretérito, promovendo uma leitura atualizada e reveladora do passado do território gaúcho, além de suscitar experiências catárticas.

The objective was to evaluate the initial performance of the bean genotypes grown in lowland soil in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted in the 2015/2016 agricultural harvest, in a chapel greenhouse, arranged in the North-South direction, covered with polycarbonate and equipped with temperature controllers, located under the coordinates 31º 52'00 " South latitude and 52º 21'00 "west longitude with an altitude of 13 meters, this structure is located at the Federal University of Pelotas. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five bean genotypes (IPR Tuiuiú, Carioca, Mouro, BRS Guabiju and BRS Embaixador) and four initial collection periods (9 DAS, 13 DAS, 17 DAS and 21 DAS), arranged in five replicates. The different bean genotypes reveal dissimilar initial growth rates in the face of the adversities imposed by lowland soils. The BRS Guabiju genotype is superior to the others for initial growth and is more acclimatized to the soils of the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul.

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the leading causes of anaemia, with those most affected being children and women of childbearing age, in Brazil there is a scarcity of studies involving the local prevalence of anaemia. Aim: To evaluate anaemia and associated factors in schoolchildren in Santa Cruz do Sul through the analysis of biochemical and haematological markers and parasitological examination of faeces. Subjects and methods: School children from 10 to 12 years of age were evaluated through complete blood count, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein and stool parasitological examination, as well as socio-demographic characteristics and prophylaxis with ferrous sulphate in childhood. Results: It was found that 13.0% of the population was anaemic, girls were very slightly overrepresented among the anaemic children. Only 5.3% had altered haematocrit levels; 26.6% had low Mean Corpuscular Volume levels; 18.4% had low ferritin levels; 2.4% had increased C-reactive protein levels, and 21.7% had altered eosinophils. As for the socioeconomic level, classes A2 and D presented lower haemoglobin levels, as well as class D presenting lower ferritin levels, although without statistical significance. Only 6.0% of the population presented iron-deficiency anaemia and 46.0% of the schoolchildren had used ferrous sulphate supplementation in childhood. Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in the studied municipality is low, probably due to the high municipal human development index. Epidemiological studies are essential to characterise the population in a systematic form, to prevent future problems.

Purpose Based on a potential shared pathophysiology tied to mast cell activity and neurogenic inflammation that may link pruritus and chronic cough (CC), this study, leveraging the All of Us database, examines the association between the two conditions.Materials and methods A nested case-control comparison was used to examine the association, identifying cases with SNOMED codes 418363000 (pruritus) and 68154008 (CC). Matching was performed on a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, and ethnicity using the MatchIt package in R, followed by maximum likelihood method to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals from 2x2 contingency tables.Results CC patients (n = 2,388) were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with pruritus (OR: 2.65) and pruritus patients (n = 22,496) were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with CC (OR: 2.57), than respective matched controls.Conclusions These results highlight the potential bidirectional relationship between CC and pruritus, suggesting possible shared immune and neural pathways. Treatments like difelikefalin and nalbuphine that modulate these pathways, alongside P2X3 targeting agents, are emerging as potential therapeutic approaches for itch and chronic cough given the possible interconnected pathophysiology. This study’s insights into the associations between pruritus and CC may pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies that address their shared mechanisms.