Search

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the application barriers and internal mechanisms of BIM technology in green building projects. It is found that BIM technology can effectively integrate information and optimize management, but its application still faces economic externalities and requires government intervention to promote its development. Through the analysis of five aspects of technology, economy, management, policy and environment, we identified 16 influencing factors and focused on nine key factors, such as insufficient technology maturity and high-cost issues. Research shows that policy and management factors play a fundamental role in BIM adoption and influence economic effectiveness through complex interactions. Based on the ISM-ANP coupling model, we propose that the government should encourage technological innovation and personnel training to promote the effective application of BIM technology in green buildings. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of BIM and green building on a global scale.

In the context of transitioning energy structures, thermal power generation is adapting to peak load regulation, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies on boiler combustion characteristics under varying load conditions. This study focuses on a 660 MW tangentially fired boiler, evaluating its combustion and pollutant generation at different operational loads: boiler maximum continuous rate (BMCR), turbine heat acceptance (THA), 75% of THA, and 40% of THA. The findings reveal a general decline in temperature, and nitrogen oxide concentration as the load decreases. However, at 40% THA, increased oxygen mole fractions lead to higher carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels compared to other conditions. Through the Analytic Network Process, each parameter's impact is evaluated and scored to identify the most effective burner and deflection angle combinations. Optimal configurations are identified: a 10-degree rightward adjustment for ABDE layer burners at BMCR and a 10-degree leftward adjustment for BD layer burners at 40% THA, both enhancing combustion performance and reducing pollutants at the furnace outlet. For THA and 75% THA conditions, the industrial standard combination is recommended.

Analytic Network Process adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memilih alternatif terbaik dari beberapa alternatif. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan angket untuk semua siswa kelas 12 IPA. Kemudian memberikan kuisioner perbandingan berpasangan dari kriteria dan subkriteria kepada kepala cabang LBB Primagama untuk memperoleh bobot dari masing-masing subkriteria. penilaian kinerja pengajar menggunakan rating scale berdasarkan kriteria dan subkriteria kepada siswa yang menjadi responden penelitian berdasarkan angket yang telah diberikan. Data penelitian ini merupakan persepsi siswa kelas 12 IPA terhadap pengajar kelas 12 IPA bimbingan belajar Primagama berdasarkan 5 kriteria yaitu prapembelajaran, penguasaan materi, strategi pembelajaran, dan interaksi serta subkriteria dari masingmasing cluster kriteria. Berdasarkan hasil Analytic Network Process (ANP) dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa kinerja pengajar di bimbingan belajar Primagama di tahun 2021 yang kinerja mengajarnya paling baik yaitu pengajar I dengan bobot yang dimiliki sebesar 4.747, kemudian pengajar A yang kinerja mengajarnya terbaik kedua dengan bobot yang dimiliki sebesar 3.979, lalu pengajar dengan kinerja mengajar terbaik ketiga yaitu pengajar G memiliki bobot sebesar 3.703, dan pengajar yang kinerja mengajarnya pada urutan keempat yaitu pengajar E dengan bobot yang dimiliki sebesar 2.798. Dengan lima kriteria utama sebagai prioritas dalam penilaian kinerjanya yaitu melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan runtut dengan bobot sebesar 0.1730, menyampaikan materi pembelajaran dengan jelas dengan bobot sebesar 0.1510, menunjukan penguasaan materi pembelajaran dengan bobot sebesar 0.1240, menunjukan sikap terbuka terhadap respon siswa dengan bobot sebesar 0.1170 dan menguasai kelas dengan bobot sebesar 0.1100 Analytic Network Processis one method that can be used to select the best alternative from several alternatives.Taking The sample in this research was carried out by providing a questionnaire for all 12th grade science students. Then, a Pairwise comparison questionnaire of criteria and subcriteria will be delivered to the head of the LBB branch Primagama to obtain the weight of each subcriteria. Teacher performance assessment using a rating scale based on criteria and sub-criteria for students who become research respondents based on the questionnaire that has been given. This research data is the perception of grade 12 science students towards the 12th-grade science teacher Primagama tutoring based on 5 criteria: pre-learning, mastery of the material, learning strategies, and interactions as well as sub-criteria for each cluster criteria. Based on the results of the Analytic Network Process (ANP), it can be concluded that the performance of teachers in Primagama tutoring in 2021 with the best teaching performance is teacher I with a weight of 4,747, then teacher A has the second best teaching performance with a weight of 3,979 , then the teacher with the third best teaching performance, namely teacher G, has a weight of 3,703, and the teacher whose teaching performance is in fourth place, namely teacher E, has a weight of 2,798. With five main criteria as priorities in assessing performance, namely carrying out learning coherently with a weight of 0.1730, conveying learning material clearly with a weight of 0.1510, showing mastery of learning material with a weight of 0.1240, showing an open attitude towards student responses with a weight of 0.1170 and mastering class with a weight of 0.1100

Introduction: Performance evaluation is essential in defining supply chain strategies because the firm can find out how the business processes in the supply chain are running and formulate strategic policies. Kayumas coffee is one of Indonesia’s specialty coffee with a unique aroma and flavor originating from Kayumas Village, Situbondo District, East Java. Kayumas coffee supply chain needs to be evaluated because of the lack of competitiveness with other specialty coffees. Strategies are needed to improve supply chain performance, improve product quality, and reduce costs. This study aims to configure the supply chain of Kayumas specialty coffee structure, evaluate its performance, and determine performance improvement strategies. Methods: This study uses descriptive analysis to configure the supply chain structure and flow. Analysis of supply chain performance based on Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model then weighted with Analytic Network Process (ANP). Performance improvement strategies were formulated by a discussion with experts and then weighted with ANP. Results: The research results show that the Kayumas specialty coffee supply chain comprises farmers, farmer groups, distributors or resellers, and consumers. There are 6 performance indicators (metrics) to measure performance: perfect order fulfillment, order fulfillment cycle time, flexibility, total supply chain management cost, cost of goods sold, and cash-to-cash cycle time. Performance measurement shows that Kayumas specialty coffee supply chain performance is in the inferior category. Conclusion: The strategy needed to improve supply chain performance by reducing cost is a partnership between supply chain members to reach a price agreement.

This study assessed the service efficacy of Nanjing’s urban open space (UOS) system, emphasizing the complex structural characteristics of UOS services, specifically, the impact of interactions between different subsystems on the overall service efficacy of the UOS system. The objective was to understand whether and how a UOS system can effectively and efficiently meet urban needs under constrained conditions. The dimensions of UOS services and the interrelationships between services offered by different subsystems were examined, and a structural model for assessing the service efficacy of the UOS system was developed. A multidimensional analytical approach was applied to quantify and characterize the relationships between subsystems and identify and determine the weighting of subsystem analysis indicators. The findings indicate that subsystems and their respective indicators differ in importance across dimensions, influence each other, and collectively form the overall service efficacy of a UOS system. Furthermore, while service efficacy across different administrative districts in Nanjing’s main urban areas generally remains moderate, significant differences in evaluation values exist among districts and subsystems, offering direction for future urban planning and resource allocation. This study offers detailed insights into the efficiency and optimization of UOS services, helping urban planners improve UOSs globally.

In order to scientifically evaluate the command capability of a joint combat command organization, the paper establishes a command capability indicator system for the joint combat command organization, analyzes the interrelationships between indicators at various levels and the interrelationships between elements within the indicator group, and uses Super Decisions software to establish a relationship diagram of command capability evaluation indicators for the joint combat command organization, obtaining the weight of the final indicator system, collects two groups of command organization exercise evaluation data and calculates the evaluation results of capability. By analyzing the weight of indicators, it is pointed out that to improve the command capability of joint operations organizations, it is particularly important to focus on three key points: planning and decision-making capabilities, intelligence reconnaissance capabilities, and operational control capabilities.

Many nations are creating E-courts to simplify court operations. However, religious e-Courts take more work to execute. This study has identified religious court e-Court implementation issues and solutions using Delphi and ANP. It first employed Delphi and a literature review to interview experts face-to-face. Eight judges, I.T. workers, and attorneys from three religious court districts analysed the model using a priority scale with an Analytic Network Process (ANP). The study found that infrastructure or equipment from the application of the e-Court system is the main issue, with a geometric mean of 0.306, followed by Human Resources (0.262), the system (0.219), and regulation (0.213). Improving e-Court system regulation (0.850) and infrastructure were the primary solutions (0.770). This paper details cluster priority solutions and issues. This study suggests that the highest religious court authority focuses on infrastructure, human resources, e-Court operational systems, and associated legislations. The government must adopt the e-Court system and registration laws to encourage more active socialising. The study prioritises e-Court implementation issues in the religious courts of Indonesia.

In recent decades, the issues of ecology and environmental sustainability have become a global concern in contemporary urban design. Among various urban elements, water features play a significant role in improving the ecological characteristics of their surrounding environment, especially in hot and arid areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ecological characteristics of urban water features comprehensively and quantitatively, which has been overlooked in previous studies, taking their physical characteristics into account. To this end, a multicriteria decision-making method, an analytic network process, was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the ecological characteristics of water features. In this approach, four ecological criteria—microclimate, biodiversity, greenery, and human wellbeing—and ten physical characteristics of water features were considered. Twenty-one experts were asked to complete a questionnaire for pairwise comparisons of all ecological criteria and the influence of physical characteristics. The results showed that vegetation and scale, with the relative influencing values of 0.255 and 0.188, respectively, were identified as the most decisive features influencing ecological criteria. Conversely, texture, with a value 0.023, had the least impact. Moreover, it was shown that water features have the greatest impact on the microclimate compared with other ecological criteria. The results were used to compare water features at the Koohsangi Transregional Park, located in a hot and arid city of Iran. The results of this study lead to a framework that can help urban designers integrate ecological criteria into water feature planning to enhance urban ecology and sustainability.

The risk of both fatal accidents and non-fatal injuries in the construction industry is significantly high in most countries. To reduce this construction safety risk, the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the major measures on the jobsite. In this research, in order to comprehensively assess the PPE plans, a three-phase framework was proposed to identify the optimal solution for PPE planning from a set of alternatives. As a result, four main criteria and fifteen sub-criteria were identified based on a systematic literature review, and a decision-making model integrating the analytic network process (ANP) and VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje was developed. As the assessment information in the survey was incomplete and vague, the fuzzy sets theory was adopted to transform the linguistic terms into fuzzy numbers for evaluation. The model further calculated the weight of each criterion and prioritized the potential PPE plan alternatives. Finally, the presented model was implemented in a case study to verify its feasibility and applicability for practical construction management. The proposed method enables the selection of the most compromising solution as the optimal PPE plan. This research assists decision-makers and safety planners at construction workplaces to improve the overall safety performance and reduce accident risks, which significantly contributes to construction safety management and practice.

The aim of this study was to study the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on enterprises in terms of strategy, technology, business operations, and organizational management. This study used grounded theory analysis to identify the influencing factors of AI technology application maturity in Chinese enterprises. Taking Chinese film and television enterprises as an example, this study constructed an AI technology application maturity evaluation index system for enterprises based on the analytic network process (ANP) and evaluated the application maturity of AI technology in enterprises in terms of enterprise strategy, technology, business operations, and organizational management. To comprehensively evaluate and empirically analyze the application maturity of enterprise AI technology, this study calculated the index weight based on the ANP, and combined it with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model. The research results showed that intelligence strategy was the element that was believed to be most affected by the maturity of enterprise AI technology. For technology, intelligence technology and equipment were the elements that were believed to be affected the most. For business operations, smart shooting was the element that was believed to be affected the most. With respect to organizational management, corporate culture was the element that was believed to be most affected. The results showed that the proposed methods for evaluating the application maturity of enterprise AI technology are scientific and effective. The results of this study provide a reference for promoting the application of AI, implementing the intelligence transformation, and enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises.

Carrier selection is a complicated problem as it includes many quantitative and qualitative criteria. Due to the complexity of this issue, many criteria that influence decision making interact with each other, making it necessary to consider these interactions in order to make the best decision. The analytical network process (ANP) method enables us to solve the carrier selection problem of decision making more effectively and realistically. This study, which aims to contribute to the research field, employs the previously unused ANP method, which permits criteria interaction, and investigates the carrier selection problem in order to determine the similarities and differences between different industries' expectations of ocean container carriers. In this context, this study has been applied in three different industries: textiles, white goods, and chemicals. In this way, the study contributes to the literature on ocean container carriers. From the results, the most important criterion for the three shipper groups was found to be reliability. However, there were significant differences in the ranking of other criteria.

To prevent miners’ unsafe behavior, analytic network process was used to construct the indicator system of influence factors and the indicator weights were calculated. Based on the indicator system, intervention strategies for miners’ unsafe behavior were designed. The system dynamics model of miners’ unsafe behavior was established based on individual, environment, group and management and simulated by Vensim software, then the effects of different intervention strategies on the level of unsafe behavior were discussed. The results show that the primary indicators in order of weight are safety management, personal factors, leadership climate, group climate, work environment, nature of work; secondary indicators with greater weight are safety regulation, safety education and training, safety culture; the reduction of level in miners’ unsafe behavior is accelerated by the intervention strategies, and there is optimal intervention strategy in each intervention aspect; the optimal intervention strategy provides new ideas for strengthening safety management and reducing accidents in coal mines.

In dealing with the occurrence of earthquakes, urban communities and people within the system should primarily consider the geological background, secondary hazards caused by earthquakes, countermeasures to mitigate earthquake disasters, community connectivity, and the impact of various indicators and criteria on the earthquake-proof capacity of the community. It is important to comprehensively assess these factors to ensure that a community is well-prepared to withstand an earthquake. This study takes Shenzhen (China) as an example to conduct a preliminarily evaluation of a method of earthquake-proof capacity during an earthquake, with the results reflecting the comprehensive capacity of communities. The evaluation framework focuses more on effectively improving the disaster response capacity and resilience of urban communities.

Purpose – This study evaluates the economic sectors of the Zakat Village Program by identifying the objectives, criteria, and risks. Methodology – This study uses a qualitative Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach to determine the order of priorities and decision-making. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires with expert respondents in the field of zakat utilization and empowerment. Finding – This research shows that the village zakat program plays an important role in overcoming economic problems. However, experts believe that the aspect of determining activities is still considered low. Implication – The findings of this study contribute to the enhancement of zakat village program planning, so that the objective components of the zakat village program can be expressed more clearly and in detail in the future. Originality – This original study collected the views of experts in evaluating village zakat programs by confirming them through the geometric mean as a priority value for each objective, criteria, main criteria, and risk.

The rise of wireless communication has spurred the global adoption of mobile payment services, a trend that is significantly reducing the use of cash. This shift, driven by new technologies and lifestyle changes, not only presents opportunities for businesses but also enhances consumers’ daily activities. Consumers’ and businesses’ willingness to adopt mobile payment services has increased due to factors such as easier access to new technologies, convenience, changing lifestyle choices, and economic conditions. Despite challenges such as limited access to technology, security concerns, and high transaction fees, the potential benefits of mobile payment services are promising. Therefore, this research aims to construct a suitable model for developing a mobile payment service framework that both consumers and businesses are willing to adopt. The proposed model integrates the Delphi method, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), quality function deployment (QFD), an analytic network process (ANP), and fuzzy set theory. To demonstrate the practical application of the model, a case study of developing a mobile payment service framework is presented, showcasing how the model can be used to address real-world challenges and enhance the adoption of mobile payment services. The case study results show that ease of use, system and service quality, and reliability are the most important customer requirements, and encryption, edge computing, authentication, and interoperability are the most important engineering characteristics.

In the modern world in various spheres of activity, the number of problems that need multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is constantly increasing. Researchers and experts offer a number of approaches to MCDM process in such tasks; in particular, most of them are based on expert methods. However, in practice, these methods require significant intellectual effort of experts and organizational and technical workload during the expert survey, and also usually take a long time. At the same time, it is not always possible for experts to use certain characteristics of alternatives, which also carries the risk of making decisions based on unfounded expert opinions. Therefore, such methods and tools should be clear and informative and at the same time easy to use to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of their use. We offer a graph-based approach to expert decision-making and information visualization processes that meets these requirements and can significantly improve the efficiency of decision-making in multi-criteria selection tasks.

The eucalyptus oil factory (PMKP) Sukun Ponorogo is an industry with complex supply chain activities, starting from the raw material’s procurement, production processes, distribution, and reverse logistics. Some of these activities may result in environmental problems. Therefore, measurement of its supply chain management (SCM) performance related to environmental conditions is critical. The green supply chain management (GSCM) concept can help the company to assess the supply chain's performance conditions that could harm the environment. This study aimed to assess the current SCM and measure its performance, as well as to evaluate the potential implementation on GSCM in the PMKP Sukun Ponorogo. The analytical network process (ANP) was used in this study, consisting of 36 key performance indicators (KPI) from five categories of plan, source, deliver, make, and return. The study results show that all KPIs from the responsiveness dimension in the deliver category have the lowest weight, thus require priority for improvement. The results of the scoring system using the objective matrix (OMAX) method indicated two KPIs were in the red category (or need improvement), including on-time delivery of raw materials to production site and the rejection rate of raw materials. This study suggested to improve the estimated delivery time for avoiding any delays during the production process. This improvement may support the company to continuously offer on-time production process and product’s distribution.

AbstractEarthquake risk in urban areas has recently taken quite a lot of attention. Risk is a cross-cutting combination of vulnerability and hazard. Abbottabad district, a rapidly growing district, is an earthquake-prone area in the north of Pakistan. In 2005, the region suffered enormous casualties due to a significant earthquake (Mw = 7.6). The various regional behaviours, including social, physical, and economic behaviours, are causing a vulnerable situation. At the same time, the high seismicity has the potential to invite earthquake hazard, thus ensuing a possible risk situation in the region. Consequently, this study proposes an integrated approach involving an artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and analytic network process (ANP) to carry out the seismic risk analysis of the Abbottabad district. The proposed two integrated frameworks are ANP-ANN and ANP-CNN. This kind of methodology has not been applied before in this area. The geographic information system is used to formulate a broad range of contributing factors depicting the hazard and vulnerability of the area and potentially contributing to the seismic risk. A total of 16 contributing factors are chosen for this study. The selected factors are weighed using the ANP, and training and testing databases are generated to train and test the models, thus producing the area’s earthquake risk maps (ERMs). As per the ERMs, the northwestern regions and the borderline regions from the southeast, covering an area of 30%, possess a greater earthquake risk. The rest of the 70% of the area has less risk exposure. The AUC values of ANN and CNN are found to be 0.843 and 0.878, respectively, exhibiting a good performance by the models. The study paves the way for the concerned authorities to match and redefine their policies for developing, expanding, and managing the region’s structural, health care, and disaster management facilities.

Prediction of scour depth around bridge piers during flood events has been and continues to be regarded as a paramount concern for researchers of local scour, and many empirical formulas have been proposed. Because of the multiplicity and variability of these formulas, it remains extremely delicate to choose the correct formula among the many available. This study aims to develop a new framework to compare the different formulas currently used for the evaluation of local scour. For this purpose, 18 distinctly different formulas are selected and then evaluated using a large set of field-measured scour data. The rating is pronounced along three main streambed granulometric distributions. The validation process is performed using the Analytical Network Process approach (ANP), in which the already available conventional weights are re-evaluated and updated using various analyses, notably in terms of statistics, sensitivity, and correlation. The validation and comparison results of these 18 scour formulas reveal that the efficiency of a given particular formula depends on the type of stream soil studied. Furthermore, the scour formulas that include parameters having a geometrical dimension provide better performances. HIGHLIGHTS Comparison of a wide selection of scour calculation formulas.; Assessment of scour variation as a function of streambed soil class.; Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Support for local scour.; Investigating the variation of parameters influencing scour.; Proposal of a new hybrid method of Analytic Network Process coupled with sensitivity and correlation analysis.;

Nadhira Napoleon is one of the shops that houses the largest and most comprehensive chain of souvenir shops in Pekanbaru City. In carrying out its business certainly can not be separated from a good marketing strategy. One of the marketing strategies that is often carried out by a company is the 7P marketing mix. This study aims to determine marketing mix priorities at Nadhira Napoleon's Souvenir Shop. Data analysis is carried out by means of weighting from experts, distributors and consumers using the ANP (Analytic Network Process) method. The results of the data analysis show that the Place mix is ​​the first priority carried out by the Nadhira Napoleon Gift Shop with a weight of 0.227 with a percentage of 22.72%. Followed by the place marketing mix which occupies the first position, namely out lite Location with a weight of 0.085 with a percentage of 17. Furthermore, the alternative that is the first priority of the marketing mix is ​​to expand market share with a weight of 0.247 and a percentage of 49.4. Gift shop Nadhira Napoleon set up a gift shop which is strategically located, with easy access for consumers. Starting from the layout, shop settings, traffic flow conditions such as congestion, and parking lots for easy access in and out of vehicles and the level of security is very trustworthy, so that the Nadhira Napoleon Gift Shop can dominate the market share for souvenir products.

Cooperative alternatives need complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) consideration, especially in resource allocation, where the alternatives exhibit interdependent relationships. Traditional MCDM methods like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) often overlook the synergistic potential of cooperative alternatives. This study introduces a novel method integrating AHP/ANP with Shapley values, specifically designed to address this gap by evaluating alternatives on individual merits and their contributions within coalitions. Our methodology begins with defining problem structures and applying AHP/ANP to determine the criteria weights and alternatives’ scores. Subsequently, we compute Shapley values based on coalition values, synthesizing these findings to inform resource allocation decisions more equitably. A numerical example of budget allocation illustrates the method’s efficacy, revealing significant insights into resource distribution when cooperative dynamics are considered. Our results demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority in capturing the nuanced interplay between criteria and alternatives, leading to more informed urban planning decisions. This approach marks a significant advancement in MCDM, offering a comprehensive framework that incorporates both the analytical rigor of AHP/ANP and the equitable considerations of cooperative game theory through Shapley values.

This study proposes an approach for simultaneously treating fuzziness and randomness when conducting safety risk assessments of nuclear power plant building projects (NPPBPs). First, the interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) and analytic network process (ANP) were employed to establish an IT2FS-ANP method for modifying the solution for the weight vector and determining the mutual relationships between the assessment indexes and their weights. Second, the IT2FS and cloud model (CM) were used to establish the IT2FS-CM method to modify the solution for the expectation value. Third, the IT2FS-ANP and IT2FS-CM methods were combined to establish a model for ranking the safety risks and determining the overall safety risk level. Finally, the approach was applied to an NPPBP in northeast China to validate its applicability.

Raw material suppliers are important in production, especially in the construction industry. It is because suppliers determine the availability of raw materials in a project. The research aims to propose a new integrated procedure for Green Supplier Selection in the Construction Industry. The proposed integration method is Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method. Both methods are Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) procedures. The ANP method is used to determine the weight of each criterion, and the MARCOS method is used to determine the weight of the best supplier. Seventeen criteria are used in supplier selection involving economic and environmental dimensions. The results showed that based on the ANP method, the most important criterion was the consistent quality of goods. Meanwhile, three suppliers were analyzed for selection based on the MARCOS procedure. The results show that the best supplier is supplier X with a utility function value of 0.749. These results show that the proposed procedure (integration of ANP and MARCOS) effectively solves Green Supplier Selection.

The decisions involved in rural settings are of complex nature, with some aspects compounded by the presence of intangible criteria. Hence, a suitable approach is needed that can produce effective solutions. This paper describes the applicability of a multicriteria decision-making method, specifically the analytic network process (ANP), to model the selection of an appropriate telecommunications infrastructure technology, capable of deploying e-services in rural areas of developing countries. It aims to raise awareness among telecommunication planners about the availability of ANP, and to demonstrate its suitability to enhance the selection process. The proposed model is constructed based on concerned experts’ views of relevant selection criteria and potential technology alternatives. Its network structure caters for all possible dependencies and interactions among criteria and alternatives.

The decisions involved in rural settings are of complex nature, with some aspects compounded by the presence of intangible criteria. Hence, a suitable approach is needed that can produce effective solutions. This paper describes the applicability of a multicriteria decision-making method, specifically the analytic network process (ANP), to model the selection of an appropriate telecommunications infrastructure technology, capable of deploying e-services in rural areas of developing countries. It aims to raise awareness among telecommunication planners about the availability of ANP, and to demonstrate its suitability to enhance the selection process. The proposed model is constructed based on concerned experts’ views of relevant selection criteria and potential technology alternatives. Its network structure caters for all possible dependencies and interactions among criteria and alternatives.

Zoning of flood hazards in a dam catchment plays an essential role in water resources planning and management. In the present study, nine lithogenic and anthropogenic parameters including slope, elevation, curve number, distance to river, rainfall, geology, soil texture, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land use are used to achieve a flood hazard map in downstream of Sabalan dam basin in Ardabil province, Iran. After categorizing the criteria, the layers were weighted by two multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods including analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and analytic network process (ANP). The results showed that among the factors affecting flood formation in the study basin by AHP method were the elevation and slope factors with the weights of 0.31 and 0.18 respectively, have the highest effect; however, curve number and distance to river factors with the weights of 0.04 and 0.02 have the lowest effect. Similarly, in the ANP method, the elevation and slope factors with the weights of 0.30 and 0.21 respectively, have the highest effect and the curve number and distance to river factors with the weights of 0.02 and 0.006 have the lowest impact on flood hazard potential in the study area. The results obtained in this study can be useful in achieving sustainable management of water resources.

At present, many countries and regions around the world have entered an aging society, so the demand intelligent elderly product has begun to double. However, in the design process of intelligent elderly products, there is a lack of a set of perfect method model and evaluation criteria for the application of humanistic care factors in intelligent elderly products. To standardize the use of humanistic care factors in the design of intelligent elderly products. Firstly, this study uses grounded theory to code and analyze the humanistic care factors. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) are used for comparative study to obtain the sensitivity priority of the application of humanistic care factors, and a new design method model is proposed. Finally, the fuzzy evaluation method is used to verify the rationality of the design method model. The study shows that the use of humanistic care factors has the greatest impact on emotion, especially in the consideration of Interactivity, followed by Color mildness and Companionship. The results are divided in the form of a hierarchical demand tower, to establish a new Humanistic-care Factors Application Hierarchical Design-model (HFAHD) for intelligent elderly products. The HFAHD can not only help designers to improve the design efficiency in the design of intelligent elderly products, but also further standardize the use of humanistic care factors in the design of intelligent elderly products. Through the combination of quantitative research and qualitative research, it is proposed to divide the use of humanistic care factors into hierarchical models to help designers better use the HFAHD. This study not only improves the design standards of intelligent elderly products, but also extends to other design fields in further research, and promotes the more rational use of humanistic care factors in design.

A shared personal mobility device (PMD) is a transportation model that rents personal transportation devices, such as bicycles and kickboards, through a sharing platform. The use of shared PMD has increased, but related complaints and traffic accidents are doubling with it every year. This study applied an analytic network process (ANP) methodology for the multi-criteria analysis. A survey including normal citizens was conducted to evaluate the importance of safety regarding shared PMD experience.The evaluation factors differ according to the experience of using the shared PMD device, although ‘driving continuity’ and ‘separation of sidewalks and roadways’ were the most important. PMD users gave greater priority to ‘removal of the road gap’, ‘traffic safety signs’, ‘dedicated parking area’ and ‘management of obstacles’ compared to non-users. On the other hand, for non-PMD users, ‘bicycle lane width’, ‘strengthening enforcement’, and ‘user safety education’ were more important. The results showed that importance differed depending on the participant's experience of using a shared PMD or the lack of it. In the case of users, factors that have a direct effect on driving were prioritised, and in the case of non-users, auxiliary operations and management, such as crackdowns and education, were prioritised.

This work offers an integrated methodological framework for decision support in planning the implementation of measures that address the barriers to university technology transfer (UTT). The planning problem consists of two parts: 1) identifying the high priority measures; 2) optimally implementing these measures over a specified planning horizon subject to resource constraints. Treated as a multi-criteria sorting problem under uncertainty, the high priority measures are determined via fuzzy DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and analytic network process (ANP) for evaluating the barriers, and the fuzzy FlowSort (F-FlowSort) for classifying the priority of the various measures. Then, an extended multi-objective extension of the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations V (PROMETHEE V) is offered to determine the degree of implementation of the high priority measures over multiple periods. Demonstrated in an actual case study with 29 identified measures under 24 previously known barriers, findings reveal six high priority measures, which include designing a sustained partnership, engaging in joint research ventures, establishing partnerships from international financial institutions, streamlining objectives to full support of the technology readiness levels, establishing a holistic system approach towards technology readiness levels, and establishing agreements to have access to the industry laboratory facilities. The implementation plan, represented as a set of Pareto optimal solutions, is obtained through the augmented $\varepsilon $ -constraint (AUGMECON) algorithm for the $\varepsilon $ -constrained multi-objective linear programming formulation of the extended PROMETHEE V. Layers of sensitivity analysis were performed to test the robustness of the results to changes in the parameters. Finally, policy insights are provided to key decision-makers for advancing UTT.

In reservation to enhance the enforceability of the product service system scheme and avoid the waste of time and resources caused by the improper design of the scheme, it is necessary to evaluate the scheme effectively before the implementation of the product service system scheme. Therefore, this study proposes a product service system scheme evaluation method based on the analytic network process and niche theory and evaluates the product service system scheme with customer value as the evaluation index. First, an analytic network process is used to calculate the relative importance of various customer value types and stages of the customer activity cycle. Second, niche theory is used to calculate the relative advantages of different product service system schemes in delivering all types of customer value. Then, based on customer value perception, the customer’s evaluation of the value delivered by different product service system schemes is obtained, and the schemes are ranked according to the amount of value delivered. Finally, the proposed method is verified by evaluating the CNC machine tool product service system scheme as an example and comparing it with other evaluation methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate and effective.

A UNP-100 is a canal iron that connects the storage area (bin) to the frame of a truck. Therefore, the selection of UNP-100 suppliers is an essential process. Suppliers are chosen to provide high-quality materials, in-time deliveries, affordable prices, and excellent services, the applied analytical network process (ANP) in this study. The quantitative method is conducted through questionnaires, and the qualitative method is by interviews. After distributing the questionnaires, calculations are carried out to assess suppliers by constructing an ANP supermatrix. The respondents are the purchasing managers, the quality managers, and the PPIC managers. The criteria to choose suitable suppliers are packaging (0.060), price (0.212), customer care (0.712), delivery (0.103), and quality (0.351). The prioritized UNP-100 suppliers are PT. KPPE (0.346), PT. KPS (0.344), and PT. SME (0.31).

To overcome the difficulties of overburden failure and surface subsidence induced by the slicing mining of extra-thick coal seams, slicing filler paste is typically utilized. In this paper, a continuous curved beam mechanical model of paste filling mining was established by theoretical analysis against the background of the 3305 working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine, the main controlling factors of surface subsidence were analyzed using an orthogonal experiment method (OEM) and an analytic network process (ANP) coupled comprehensive assignment, and the vertical displacement distribution of the overlying rock under different filling intensity was simulated using numerical simulation software. The following main findings were obtained. First, the elastic modulus of the backfill is the primary regulating factor, as demonstrated by the results. Second, the greater the filling body’s elastic modulus, the more efficiently it carries the overburden load and minimizes the maximum surface subsidence. Third, the distance from the open-cut mine likewise reflects the degree of surface subsidence, with the amount of subsidence increasing as the distance from the mine increases.

With the widespread use of renewable energy worldwide, the impact of its randomness and volatility on the grid is increasing. To promote the consumption of renewable energy, the traditional grid is being transformed into a complex grid with integrated source–grid–load–storage. Since the complex grid has the characteristics of source–grid–load–storage interaction, the traditional grid investment decision method will no longer be applicable. First, this study proposes the unilateral indexes of source, grid, load, and storage in complex grids and the interactive indexes considering grid–source interaction, load–grid interaction, source–load interaction, source–storage interaction, load–storage interaction, and grid–storage interaction are proposed to establish the investment decision system. Then, a hesitance fuzzy linguistic term set combined with regret theory is used to calculate the specific values of the subjectivity index, taking into full consideration the regret avoidance and loss avoidance psychology of investors. In order to comprehensively consider the index preference of investors and the objectivity of weight assignment, a combined weighting method based on the analytic network process (ANP) and entropy weight method (EWM) is obtained according to the game theory method. Finally, using a grid in a region of southwest China as an example, the results demonstrate that the construction order obtained in this study can prioritize the projects with the largest comprehensive benefits while considering the subjective preferences of decision-makers and the objectivity of the indexes.

Following the financial crisis of the last decade and the increasing complexity of financial products, the European Union has introduced investor protection tools that require professionals to carry out a client profiling process. The aim is to offer products that are in line with the characteristics of the individual. The classes of variables for comprehensive profiling are obtained by matching the elements proposed by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and studies of classical finance. However, behavioural finance studies, which emphasise the importance of behavioural attitudes, are not clearly considered in this structured profiling. The present paper discusses the implementation of an analytic network process to support financial decision-making in a behavioural context, combining regulatory guidance and qualitative and quantitative evidence from the literature. The Kersey Temperament Model is used as the behavioural model to construct the network cluster that incorporates personality into the valuation. Uncertainty management is incorporated through recent studies in the context of intertemporal choice theory. The functionality of the network is verified through a case study, where two alternatives with different characteristics are considered to meet the same investment objective. The present approach proves how the generated structure can provide strong support for financial decision-making.

In today's competitive world, knowledge resources are one of the most valuable assets of an organization because they can create value. A part of organizational knowledge is related to business processes. In this article, a model is presented to identify and prioritize the dimensions of business process knowledge based on their effects on organizational value. Business process knowledge dimensions affect each other and ultimately affect the value of the organization. First, the key processes of the organization are identified during the process map and then a model including knowledge dimensions such as knowledge of the environment outside the process, knowledge input to the process, knowledge during the process, knowledge output of the process and knowledge about the process is presented. The combination of DEMATEL method and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) has been used to find the cause-and-effect relationships and prioritize the processes. The tool used is a questionnaire that is filled by a sample of experts who are aware of the processes. After the analysis with multi-criteria decision-making methods, it was observed that knowledge from the external environment, knowledge about the process and knowledge during the process have the greatest effects on the value of the organization, respectively.

Farmland harbors valuable biodiversity, providing habitats and associated resources for birds. However, environmental change is affecting the habitat availability within agricultural landscapes. Thus, conserving farmland areas that have the potential to provide habitats for birds is increasingly considered to mitigate pressure on ecological systems. Incorporating these concerns into bird habitat analysis to aid in conservation actions is needed to assist policy developers in protecting bird habitats in Taiwan efficiently. In the present study, we propose combining an expert-based approach with empirical data to develop an evaluation of bird habitat suitability on farmlands. Experts were initially gathered to construct a research framework and then express their judgments on ecological factors. We obtained the significant factors such as farmland fragmentation, farmland landscape heterogeneity, and distance to surrounding vegetation within fifteen evaluated sub-criteria under four criteria of farmland functionality, farmland utilization, farmland located within a major conservation area, and farmland landscape ecology as the habitat requirements of birds. Combing the weight-based priority and empirical data, we finally determined a highly suitable habitat for birds accounting for 31.92% of farmlands. In an assessment involving bird distribution records in the study area, the accuracy derived from model validation is 91.25%. The findings of this work can provide authorities and policymakers with potential hotspots for ecosystem conservation.

All parties are aware that teacher performance is directly proportional to improving the quality of education. Not a few teachers work under predetermined work standards, conditions like this are caused by low work enthusiasm which results in decreased performance. If we observer the passion of work in the form of sine graph which one day will meet a saturation point if there are no preventive and curative efforts eithers form himself or guidance form his superior. One of the efforts taken is to impose teacher performance assessment to ensure a quality learning process at levels of education. Teacher performance appraisal needs to be carried out so that the functions and duties in the functional teacher positions and duties in the functional teacher positions are carried out by the applicable rules and code of ethics. On that basis, a decision support system was created using the Analytical Network Process method which can determine teacher performance improvement strategies, based on objective performance appraisals and make decisions that become more efficient.

The society orientation has shifted from a saving-oriented society to an investing-oriented society. Currently, investors have many choices of investment instruments to invest in the Islamic capital market. Previous studies have shown the factors that influence the capital market and influence investors' decisions to invest in the capital market. This study uses the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to (1) determine the criteria that need to be taken into consideration in choosing an Islamic capital market investment instrument. (2) knowing the ideal investment instrument based on established criteria. The criteria used in this study include seven criteria, namely: investment performance criteria, risk criteria, liquidity criteria, macroeconomic factor criteria, individual circumstance criteria, psychological factor criteria, and demographic criteria. The respondents in this study were five experts from academics, practitioners, and regulator. The major findings of the research are (1) the criteria to be considered in choosing Islamic capital market investment instruments are divided into investor criteria and capital market criteria. Investor criteria include; psychological factors (motivation and self control), individual circumtances (financial literacy), demographics (income and education). Capital market criteria include: investment performance (capital gain, yield, and fundamental analysis), risk (financial risk, market risk and management risk), macroeconomic factors (exchange rates and gross domestic product), liquidity (liquidity ratio). (2) the alternative with the highest priority is sharia mutual funds, then sukuk and sharia stocks.

Aim and introduction: The field of life sciences is one of the most important fields related to issues and issues affecting life, including pharmacy, therapeutic, and related technologies with direct and indirect effects on human health due to their nature. The increasing complexity of communication between sciences affecting human health in Iran. Significant scientific advances in recent years, international developments, special social conditions in Iran, and the efforts of different countries in this field, make life sciences in Iran even more important key. Also, the need for this research is clear due to the need to provide effective strategies for the development of this field in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify strategies for the development of life sciences and technologies in Iran. The main question of this research is focused on identifying the position of Iran in the field of life sciences, analyzing the situation in the country, and determining effective strategies to improve the current situation in the country.Methodology: This research is categorized in terms of interpretive paradigm, type of applied goal, descriptive research method, combined or quantitative-qualitative approach, library, and field information collection. Policy-making and the presentation of strategic plans for the field of life sciences require an understanding of the current state of the country and its future needs. Therefore, in the first part of this study, the position of life sciences in Iran, the target population, and the factors affecting these sciences are determined based on field studies and the results of designed questionnaires. Then, by examining the strengths and weaknesses along with the threats and opportunities in the SWOT analysis, appropriate strategies are presented. In the following, the responsible institutions were determined and their roles for the implementation of these strategies were determined based on the principles of institutional mapping. It is also used to determine the priority of each strategy according to the experts' knowledge and the analytic network process (ANP).Findings: In the first stage of this study, the factors affecting the development of life sciences and technologies in Iran were examined by the target community, which included some experts and active researchers in this field. For this purpose, studies were conducted and questions were designed based on the SERVQUAL model. The focus of the main questions was determined based on the relevant specialties and current knowledge due to the statistical sample with different disciplines and specialties. After designing the main questions in the questionnaires, their validity was assessed with the content validity ratio index and their reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, they were analyzed based on the SWOT method. According to this analysis, the most important strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are coordination of the country's scientific services and products with international needs; becoming this field as a bridge to leave the country due to the knowledge frontier; Iran's richness in raw materials, organic and plant structures; focus on producing articles without considering their application, respectively. Other identified items were ranked according to their frequency and importance. Then, by dividing the strengths and weaknesses related to Iran in the field of life sciences and confronting them with identified opportunities and threats, solutions were extracted. These solutions are designed based on different aspects including managerial, political, technical, infrastructural, social, and communication perspectives. Also, the institutions related to the field of life sciences were identified and the proposed solutions were assigned to them using institutional maps according to the results obtained from the completed questionnaires. Based on the results of the questionnaires, the weight and importance of each solution were determined and their priority was determined based on the analytic network process (ANP).Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the most effective strategy to increase the relationship between science and industry is to hold international conferences and scientific meetings in the field of life sciences and the convergence of related sciences in this field to monitor developments in different countries. This strategy can attract domestic and foreign investment and flourish many research projects. The next strategy is to determine the regulating laws of capital between different fields of life sciences and technologies in Iran according to national and international needs and trends, which will lead to the balanced development of the country in this field. Also, the development of centers for organizing materials and logistics related to the field of life sciences in Iran is the next effective strategy that can stabilize the research processes of many companies active in this field. On the other hand, investment policies in the country should be organized in accordance with the needs of the country so that in addition to the country's self-sufficiency in this area, foreign markets should be targeted. The results of this research should be reviewed regularly to identify the most appropriate strategies in any situation and time because the dynamics of current scientific developments is one of the limitations of the present study.

Planning alternatives evaluation is often influenced by the evaluator’s background knowledge and preferences, and its objectivity is hard to guarantee. A comprehensive evaluation method combining Geographic Information System (GIS) with system analysis technology is proposed in this paper. Using a land use issue in America as an example, GIS was combined with Fuzzy Logic, and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method was used to evaluate three planning alternatives. The evaluation value of each qualitative index was obtained by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, and the quantitative index value was calculated by GIS algorithms. A weighted hypermatrix of ANP network was constructed to reveal the overall relative importance weight of alternatives. The results indicate that, in this case study, the factor weight rankings that influenced the selection of the land use alternative are Ecological factors (above 40%), socioeconomic factors (30%), Physical and Chemical factors (10–17%), and cumulative related factors (10%). In the long run, choices of planning alternatives will greatly affect the natural environment, the physical and chemical environment, and the social economy. The results indicate planners have to pay attention to a wide range of both qualitative and quantitative factors as much as possible in land use decisions. This study illustrates how the GIS-ANP method combine qualitative and quantitative factors in planning for a comprehensive analysis, thus improving the objectivity of evaluating land use planning alternatives and determining the importance of influencing factors. Future work aims to optimize the evaluation index system of planning, and measure index values in a more precise way.

Finding a boarding house is usually done manually or by visiting the boarding house in person. Several choices of boarding houses make boarding house seekers have to make choices according to the desired criteria, so it takes quite a long time. A decision support system is a system that can be used to help make decisions based on existing criteria for determining several alternatives to be selected. The methods used in this research are the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Fuzzy Logic method. This study employed several criteria in providing recommendations, including distance, price, facilities, security, number of spaces, parking space and convenience. The weighting of these criteria used the fuzzy logic method based on the priority scale determined by the boarding house seekers. This system has provided a recommendation for boarding houses based on the results of the calculation process using the ANP method and weighting using fuzzy logic. The result of calculations shows that the highest value was obtained by Munawar kos (boarding house) with a value of 6.55% and followed by Diding kos with a value of 6.52%.

Sharia-based Islamic securities or Islamic financial instruments, sukuk, play a very important role in the economic development of Islamic countries. In the past few years, many efforts have been made to develop the Islamic capital market in Iran, but further development and attraction of domestic and even foreign resources requires more attention from the government, the financial system and all the pillars and institutions involved in this field. If policymakers want to develop and promote these financial instruments to attract investors and direct them to production and services, they need to recognize the factors influencing the boom in Sukuk investment. Therefore, the main issue of the present study is, firstly, what are the factors affecting the investment boom on Sukuk and secondly, which of the studied indicators plays the most important role in the investment boom of these securities. The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method that uses the literature review and interviews with experts in this field in Iran to codify and identify the factors of prosperity and development of Sukuk. Then, while confirming the 13 effective factors identified, these factors were ranked using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique. The results showed that the sub-criterion of "complete nobility of financial experts in the Islamic-financial field for the development of Sukuk" which belongs to the Islamic criterion with a weight of 0.583 is the most important among the sub-criteria affecting the expansion of Sukuk investment. Also, the research findings showed that in the second rank under the criterion of "accurate and tangible implementation of Islamic Sharia and financial laws regarding sukuk", which is one of the executive criteria with a weight of 0.536 are the most important.

Curriculum development and design of learning systems have become a sophisticated process due to diverse set of learning needs and differences in learners' interests, contents, teaching-learning approaches and the impact of political, social and economic factors, and, hence, decision-making about this complex process and its related factors must be done scientifically. Therefore, choosing the effective approaches that lead us to make appropriate decisions is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Analytic Network Process in decision making for the curriculum development based on philosophical method. In this paper, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, and differences between the Analytic Hierarchy Process with Analytic Network Process were analyzed. Then, the nature of the curriculum design and the complexity of decision-making in this field were discussed, and its correlation with new methods was analyzed. The findings indicated the efficiency of the Analytic Network Process in managing the challenges of curriculum implementation, recognizing the influential and complex factors in curriculum development, developing futuristic outlook toward curriculum changes, and analyzing the educational needs which are beneficial for researchers and curriculum planners.

Supplier performance evaluation is one of the important factors in the supply chain because it is one of the company's strategies for increasing customer satisfaction and also maintaining the company's services in meeting consumer demand. This study proposes the integration of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) to evaluate supplier performance. The integration of the two methods is proposed to obtain more complex assessment results because the combination of the two methods considers various criteria derived from ANP and various preferences from PROMETHEE, so both methods are very good to use instead of using just ANP or PROMETHEE or other methods. ANP exhibit more complex relationships between criteria and levels in the decision hierarchy, while PROMETHEE provides decision-makers with flexible and straightforward outranking to analyze multi-criteria problems. In this study, ANP is used to weight the criteria, and PROMETHEE is used to rank suppliers in evaluating supplier performance. Integrating these two methods provides more objective and accurate results in multi-criteria decision-making. The proposed method is validated by solving an industrial case of supplier evaluation problem using the real data from the skewer industry. Finally, some useful implications for managerial decision-making are discussed.

The palm oil’s partnership model in Indonesia, which is dominated by smallholders in practice, still finds injustices where farmers do not have the same bargaining power as the company although their relationship is as partners. This study aimed to develop a partnership model that considers the conditions of farmers as part of a valuable partner to carry out equality in the partnership itself using indicator profitability, social welfare, and replanting. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to determine the priority of indicator in partnership model considered as the most important for oil palm farmers by comparing the available criteria and alternative factors. It is known fro this study that the oil palm farmer chooses the priority of model partnership with cooperation model and the criteria for agreement, transparency, and saving mechanism for replanting farmers in developing a model of the partnership of oil palm farmers in Indonesia.

Rural development requires attention to the cultural, economic and social conditions as well amenities and capacities of rural areas. Implementing the development strategies in each region will fail without considering these issues. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize development strategies in rural areas of Asadabad. Therefore, this research was carried out through two stages using qualitative-quantitative method and a questionnaire-based protocol. The statistical population of this study was 45 rural development organizations’ experts and rural informants in Asadabad County to identify the strategies and 8 experts to prioritize these strategies, which were selected through purposeful (Typical Case) sampling method. First, strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of development in rural areas were identfied using SWOT technique. Then, rural development strategies were prioritized based on Analytic network process (ANP) analysis. The results showed that the "government's financial support from farmers to buy new equipment for rural and agricultural development by providing low-interest credit facilities and long-term repayment" strategy was ranked as first priority. The second and third important rural development strategies were:"diversification of villagers' income and recruitment of educated young people through investing on agriculture, tourism and agricultural processing industries " and "Formation of farmers' union or cooperatives (farmers' network) to increase agricultural productivity and farmers’ bargaining power as well the sale of agricultural products and handicrafts". Given that diversification strategies have been placed in higher priority, it is suggested that investment on rural off-farm activities like handicrafts and tourism as well agricultural processing indestries be increased.

Following the enactment of Law Number 23 of 2014 on the Regional Government, which superseded Law Number 22 of 1999 and Law Number 32 of 2004, now the local government has no longer holds an authority to manage state forest areas, except “grand forest park” (Taman Hutan Raya) located in their respective administrative areas. The management of production forests and protected forests (located at state forest areas) is the authority and responsibility of the provincial government, while the management of conservation forests is the authority of the central government. The success of forest management and management program activities is determined, among others, by government and local government policies and their implementation at the site level. By considering ntthe complexity of forest management, the context of decentralization, and available resources as well as constrained authority, this study aims to identify the level of importance, priorities, and main roles of district governments in forest management by applying the analytic network process (ANP) method. This study suggests that the district government could play a significant role in building social capital, which serves as a first step in developing collaborative forest management by promoting the optimization of multipurpose forests to preserve forests.

Abstract This study aims to develop a strategy for developing Earthenware Craft Business Group in Kasongan Tourism Village. This research method uses mix methods, used namely primary and secondary data. The analytical method used is the Analytic Network Process (ANP) analysis. The results showed that the priority order of the first criteria was the aspect of sales with a value weight of 49.3 %%, followed by the business actor aspect with a value weight of 31%, and the aspects of business products with a value weight of 19.5%. The finding of this research is that the sales aspect is a priority aspect to be developed. From the final results the determination of priorities obtained three main priorities namely aspects of product innovation with a weight of 39.16%, partnership with a weight of 38.81% and training with a weight of 36.32%. Keywords: earthenware, business, kasongan, analytic network process Strategi Pengembangan Kelompok Usaha Kerajinan Gerabah Dengan Pendekatan Analytic Network Process Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan kelompok usaha kerajinan gerabah di Desa Wisata Kasongan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan ada dua yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Analytic Network Process (ANP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan prioritas dari kriteria tersebut yang pertama adalah aspek penjualan dengan bobot nilai sebesar 49,3%%, selanjutnya diikuti oleh aspek pelaku usaha dengan bobot nilai sebesar 31 %, dan aspek produk usaha dengan bobot nilai sebesar 19,5%. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah aspek penjualan adalah aspek yang diprioritaskan untuk dikembangkan. Dari hasil akhir penentuan prioritas diperoleh tiga prioritas utama yaitu aspek inovasi produk dengan bobot 39,16%, kemitraan dengan bobot 38,81% dan pelatihan dengan bobot 36,32%. Kata kunci: gerabah, kasongan, kerajinan, pengembangan Keywords: Earthenware, Business, Kasongan, Analytic Network Process

Regarding population growth and prompt development in developing countries, municipal solid waste management is always a great challenge for governments. Waste to energy conversion is an efficient approach with respect to overcoming not only the challenge of municipal solid waste management but also environmental challenges related to energy consumption like global warming and fossil fuel depletion. One of the substantial problems throughout the implementation of waste to energy approach is process selection. The selected process should be technically feasible and should have a high level of compliance with environmental standards. Owing to an inevitable significance of process selection, this paper focuses on defining the best process by relying on multi-criteria decision-making tools and network analytic process. Considering the effective parameters such as cost, efficiency in material diversity, productivity rate, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, toxic substances, and process time, the result indicates that the physico-chemical process is superior process for pretreatment of material.

Regarding population growth and prompt development in developing countries, municipal solid waste management is always a great challenge for governments. Waste to energy conversion is an efficient approach with respect to overcoming not only the challenge of municipal solid waste management but also environmental challenges related to energy consumption like global warming and fossil fuel depletion. One of the substantial problems throughout the implementation of waste to energy approach is process selection. The selected process should be technically feasible and should have a high level of compliance with environmental standards. Owing to an inevitable significance of process selection, this paper focuses on defining the best process by relying on multi-criteria decision-making tools and network analytic process. Considering the effective parameters such as cost, efficiency in material diversity, productivity rate, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, toxic substances, and process time, the result indicates that the physico-chemical process is superior process for pretreatment of material.