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ObjectiveThis paper aims to evaluate the disparities in efficacy and safety across various oral Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using a frequency-based reticulated meta-analysis.MethodsThe researchers searched the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Excerpta Medical Database (Embase), Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and China Science and Technology Periodicals Database (VIP). Besides, the researchers collected all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral Chinese patent medicines, as well as simple preparations and simple preparations for benign prostatic hyperplasia from the establishment of the database until July1, 2024. After two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, a net meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsSeventy-two RCTs involving 15 oral Chinese patent medicines and a total of 7,800 patients were included. Net meta-analysis manifested that “Jinkuishenqi capsule (JKSQ) + conventional western medicine (CWM)” was the most effective way in increasing total efficiency ratio. “Huange capsule (HE) + CWM” was the most effective method in decreasing prostate volume. “Qianliesutong capsule (QLST) + CWM” was the most effective approach in decreasing residure volume. “Xialiqi capsule (XLQ) + CWM” was the most effective way in increasing maximum urinary flow rate. “Longbisu capsule (LBS) + CWM” was the most effective method in decreasing international prostate symptom score (IPSS). To reduce the adverse reactions, “HE + CWM” has the best efficacy. Considering both drug efficacy and safety, “Ningmitai capsule (NMT) + CWM” would be the most ideal choice.ConclusionBased on NMA, JKSQ, HE, QLST, XLQ, LBS, NMT plus CWM have been proved to possess the highest probability of being the best therapy. Due to the limitations of this study, these results should be confirmed through detailed randomized controlled trials.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Identifier, CRD42023484071.

To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution, sources, and ecological risk of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China’s urban agglomerations from 2000 to 2020, a comprehensive search strategy was employed using the keywords “soil”, “PAHs”, and “city”. A total of 122 relevant studies that provided information on individual PAH content during the specified time period were collected. These studies encompassed 20 urban agglomerations in China, which were further categorized into two distinct periods: 2000 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020. The diagnostic ratio method and principal component analysis were employed to identify the sources of PAHs, and a risk quotient model was used to evaluate the soil ecological risk. The results revealed the average PAH content in the 20 urban agglomerations in China from 2011 to 2020 was 2,439 ± 4,633 ng·g-1, which exceeded the severe pollution level cut-off (> 1,000 ng·g-1). The soil PAH content in the period from 2011 to 2020 decreased by 28% compared to the soil PAH content in the period from 2000 to 2010. Soil PAH pollution was more severe in the northern urban agglomerations than in the southern urban agglomerations. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis demonstrated that the principal sources in most urban agglomerations in China were traffic and coal combustion. GeoDetector found that coal and fuel oil consumption were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of PAHs. The ecological risk quotient showed that approximately 80% of the urban agglomerations were at a medium-high ecological risk from 2000 to 2010, compared with 72% from 2011 to 2020. Thus, it is necessary to deepen energy structure reform to alleviate the threat of serious pollution caused by coal and fuel oil in urban agglomerations.

【Objective】The combining ability and heritability of main agronomic traits of 6 rice restorer lines were analyzed and their application value was evaluated.【Method】6 new rice restorer lines of Shanhui series and 5 three-line sterile lines were selected and 30 hybrid rice combinations were prepared according to the 6×5 incomplete diallel cross design. And combining ability and heritability of 8 main agronomic traits were analyzed.【Result】The contribution rate of GCA genotype variance of restorer line was higher than that of sterile line in yield per plant, plant height and effective panicle number, therefore, the phenotypes of yield per plant, plant height and effective panicle number of hybrid rice combinations were mainly determined by the inheritance of restorer line. Growth period, seed setting rate, panicle length and yield per plant showed lower contribution rate of GCA genotype variance (lower than 50%), therefore, the 4 traits would be mainly influenced by non-additive effect in breeding practice; 1000-grain weight, plant height, effective panicle number and total grain number showed higher contribution rate of GCA genotype variance (higher than 55%), therefore, they are mainly affected by additive effects of genes. The narrow heritability of 1000-grain weight and plant height was 80.99% and 76.03%, which showed good stability in offspring and could be selected in low generation in breeding practice. There was no obvious correlation between GCA and SCA. Both SR02 and SR04 were elite restorer lines. According to the parent utilization value classification method, SR02 would be easy to create large-grain and high-yield hybrid rice combinations in breeding practice, which showed as Class Ⅰ parent in yield per plant and Class Ⅱ parent in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight; SR04, showed as Class Ⅱ parent in yield per plant, effective panicle number, total grain number and seed setting rate, would be easy to create high-yield hybrid rice combinations with multiple panicles, and SR04 also showed the potential of lodging resistance. New hybrid rice combinations Tianfeng A × SR01, Jinheng A × SR06 and Jinheng A×SR03 showed the highest SCA value in per plant weight, which were 26.320, 26.049 and 20.723, respectively, and all of 3 combinations showed good utilization value.【Conclusion】In the practice of hybrid rice breeding, the selection of parents should not only pay attention to the selection of high GCA parents, but also strengthen the selection of SCA of combinations. At the same time, according to the genetic characteristics of the parents, the design of hybrid rice parental matching should follow the principle of "exploiting strengths and avoiding weaknesses, complementing traits".The inheritance of hybrid rice in yield per plant, plant height and effective panicle number are mainly affected by restorer line. SR02 and SR04 are elite restorer lines, which have good application value. New hybrid rice combinations Tianfeng A × SR01, Jinheng A × SR06 and Jinheng A × SR03 show high SCA value in yield characters, with good application prospects.