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This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of motivational strategies on learner engagement and retention rates in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we analyzed 140 studies published between 2014 and 2023 from key academic databases. The objective was to identify and evaluate motivational strategies that significantly reduce MOOC dropout rates. Our findings reveal that personalized learning, interactive content, and peer collaboration are strongly correlated with increased learner engagement and persistence. These strategies align well with learners' intrinsic goals, enhancing their educational experience and adherence to courses. The review also identifies gaps, such as the need for longitudinal studies and culturally tailored motivational strategies, offering a refined agenda for future research in MOOC education. This study contributes to the field by systematically synthesizing existing research, providing new insights into effective educational strategies, and highlighting areas for improvement in MOOC design and implementation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-08 Full Text: PDF

Abstract Background The incidence estimates for intracranial subdural empyema are 0.1 per 100,000 individuals, making it a rare clinical condition. It is a highly morbid and fatal illness that is most commonly the result of a primary infection somewhere else. Case presentation The authors present a young male patient 15 years presented with 1 week history of headache, fever, confusion and seizure attack with initial negative CT head and nearly negative CSF analysis. With few days he developed left sided weakness. MRI brain showed right temporoparietal subdural fluid collection with midline shift. Urgent neurosurgical evacuation was made and revealed subdural empyema. The boy received combination therapy of vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole. The culture of the pus was negative but 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacterial) revealed streptococcus intermedius. He made a good recovery with no recollection or neurological deficit on follow up. Conclusion This case highlights the possibility of occurrence of this rare infection in otherwise healthy individuals without obvious precipitating factor. It also indicates the superiority of MRI brain over CT head in detection of subdural collection. The rapid diagnosis and intervention improve the outcome of the patient.

Abstract Background Recently, studies on behavioral interventions for autism have gained popularity. Naturalistic Developmental Behavior Interventions (NDBIs) are among the most effective, evidence-based, and widely used behavior interventions for autism. However, no research has been conducted on which of the several NDBI methods is most effective for parents and children with autism spectrum disorders. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the specific effects of each type of parental-mediated NDBI on children’s developmental skills and parent fidelity. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CINAHL, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to August 30, 2023. A total of 32 randomized controlled trial studies that examined the efficacy of different NDBIs were included. Results Parents of children with ASD who received Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) reported significant improvements in their children’s social skills (SUCRA, 74.1%), language skills (SUCRA, 88.3%), and parenting fidelity (SUCRA, 99.5%). Moreover, parents who received Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) reported significant improvements in their children’s language (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.79) and motor skills (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.79). In terms of the efficacy of improving parent fidelity, the results showed that the Improving Parents as Communication Teachers (ImPACT) intervention significantly improved parent fidelity when compared with the treatment-as-usual group (TAU) (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.42) and the parental education intervention (PEI) (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI:0.28, 1.91).There was a difference in parent fidelity among parents who received PRT(SMD = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.26, 4.79) or ESDM(SMD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.09) training compared with PEI. Conclusion In conclusion, this study revealed that parents can achieve high fidelity with the ImPACT intervention, and it can serve as an early first step for children newly diagnosed with ASD. It also showed that parent-mediated ESDM is effective in improving language and motor skills for children with ASD and can be used as part of the second stage of parent training. Parent-mediated PRT can also be used as a third stage of parent training with sufficient training intensity to further improve language, social, and motor skills.

Objective: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in cows is a major challenge in dairying not only in disease management but also in financial issues. The objective of this study is to predict an innovative and sustainable approach for the identification of bovine sub-clinical mastitis using machine learning techniques targetting milk biomarkers like electric conductivity and total dissolved solids. Materials and Methods: The field data on milk electric conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) will be assimulated and connected to a central network system for cross-matching with the library database to predict the result. The cut-off value of milk EC and TDS as standerdize previously would be the exploratory data in machine learning and the output of which need to be translated into language by artificial intelegnce. Results: The optimal EC cutoff value for SCM detection in dairy cows was standardize previously as 6159 μS/cm or 6.16 mS/cm and TDS as 3100 mg/l of milk by examining milk from 108 suspected animals. An automated machine learning based message (study in progress) is assuming to notify the onset of SCM and thus deliver the information to the veterinary/ regulatory authority or dairy owners to predict the severity of SCM and taking necessary actions. Conclusion: This model is assuming to serve the one-step veterinary diagnostic service for bovine subclinical mastitis in Bangladesh. [Vet. Res. Notes 2024; 4(4.000): 38-42]

The fear of being without a mobile phone, known as nomophobia, is a new psychological issue that has arisen with the widespread use of information and communication technologies. To understand this phenomenon, more research is needed. The present study aimed to assess the factor structure of the Moroccan dialect version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) among a sample of Moroccan university students. The study included 400 students selected by convenience sampling from two universities (Fez and Rabat). First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using the principal component method with Varimax rotation. Then, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) were carried out. The results showed that a 20-item, four-factor model was the best fit for the data collected from the sample, indicating cross-cultural validity and the robustness of the NMP-Q's structure. This suggests that the Moroccan version of the NMP-Q is useful for assessing nomophobia behavior among Moroccan university students.

This research paper focused on enhancing the physico-chemical attributes, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial effectiveness of dry ginger extract through sonication as an assistant extraction treatment. Ginger, resulting from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is known for its culinary and medicinal uses outstanding to its antioxidant and antimicrobial possessions from phenolic acids and flavonoids. The study explored the use of sonication as an assistant extraction method and found that it significantly augmented the total phenolic content of the ginger extract by 28 % compared to traditional extraction methods, reaching 10.55 ± 1.50 mg GAE/g, DW. The research assessed the physicochemical belongings, antioxidant action, and antibacterial possibility of the sonicated ginger extract. The sonicated extract exhibited scavenging activity against the DPPH radical of 56.0 %. Pearson correlation investigation revealed a strong confident correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (r = 0.92, p

The imprudent use of antibiotics increases the environmental microflora's resistance to various drugs, particularly antibiotics. Prescription data is crucial for understanding antibiotic usage frequency and dosage. This health-focused study aims to analyze antibiotic prescription patterns in human and veterinary practices to identify emerging trends in environmental antibiotic resistance.For this survey, A total of 6550 prescriptions were randomly collected from hospitals and pharmacies in Mymensingh sadar upazila, Bangladesh, between August and October 2022. Of these, 5123 (78 %) were for human cases and 1427 (22 %) for veterinary purposes. Photos of the prescriptions were taken and analyzed to understand prescribing habits. Additionally, 30 water samples from rivers, ponds, sewage, and households in Mymensingh City Corporation were collected to assess environmental antibiotic levels and resistance patterns of microorganisms.The analysis showed that Cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics, found in 570 (56.27 %) of human prescriptions and 230 (42.99 %) of veterinary prescriptions. Aminoglycosides had the lowest frequency, with 13 (1.2 %) for humans and 46 (8.6 %) for animals. Macrolides (12.24 %), carboxylic acids (1.87 %), and rifamycins (1.28 %) were only found in human prescriptions, while sulfa drugs (10.84 %), tetracyclines (5.42 %), and combinations of antibiotics (14.77 %) were only in animal prescriptions. Quinolones were prescribed 4.06 times more for humans, while aminoglycosides were used 3.54 times more for animals. Environmental samples showed E. coli had the highest resistance (MAR Value: 0.625) against eight antibiotics.This study illuminates the human-animal prescription patterns that are influenced by environmental factors which drive antibiotic stewardship in Bangladesh. It is imperative for practitioners to exercise caution and adhere to guidelines when prescribing antibiotics, both in human and veterinary practices, given the alarming trend of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, measures must be taken to restrict the influx of antibiotics residue into the environment.

This dataset offers a comprehensive analysis of rice grain yield and quality traits over a period of three years, spanning 27 different environments in Bangladesh. The focus is on evaluating the performance of various genotypes (G), environments (E), and their interactions (GEI). The study's goal is to identify a stable and adaptive rice genotype that not only exhibits high-quality traits but also has a low glycemic index. The combined ANOVA showed significant effects of G, E, and GEI on grain yield (p ≤ 0.001). Genotype BRC266-5-1-1-1 achieved the highest average yield at 7.62 t/ha, while BRRI dhan28 had the lowest yield at 6.87 t/ha. In the Y2E4 environment, genotype BRC266-5-1-1-1 reached the highest yield at 8.86 t/ha. Genetic parameter estimation revealed significant effects of G, E, and GEI (p < 0.05), with GEI accounting for 82.85 % of the variance. The broad-sense heritability was low at 12 %, but the heritability of means was 0.80, indicating high selection accuracy (0.89). AMMI analysis showed significant effects from E (62.62 %) and GEI (16.19 %), with the first two principal components explaining 100 % of the variance. AMMI-based stability analysis identified BRC266-5-1-1-1 as the most stable genotype, with the highest AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB) at 2.11 and AMMI stability value (ASV) at 3.04. GGE biplot analysis revealed that BRC266-5-1-1-1 performed best in 14 environments. Quality trait analysis showed that BR16 and BRC266-5-1-1-1 had the highest milling outturn (70.90 %), with BRC266-5-1-1-1 also having the highest head rice yield (66.5 %). BRRIdhan28 had the highest glycemic index value (GIV) at 75.7, followed by BRC266-5-1-1-1 (55.04). These findings emphasize the significance of choosing appropriate genotypes for varietal release and taking environmental factors into account in rice breeding programs.

The dataset extensively examines the factors considered when choosing sweet potato genotypes, considering various characteristics. Notably, Moz1.15 demonstrated the highest marketable root yield at 46.46 t/ha, H5.ej.10 exhibited the highest beta-carotene level at 48.94 mg/100 g, and Moz1.9 recorded the highest vitamin C content at 23.89 mg/100 g. Moreover, there were significant correlations (ranging from 0.21 to 0.84) among the yield and quality traits studied in sweet potatoes. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the connections among these traits, identifying four distinct clusters of genotypes, each characterized by specific significant combinations of traits. Factor analysis using the multi-trait genotype-ideotype index (MGIDI) highlighted the considerable impact of sweet potato traits across two growing seasons (2020–21 and 2021–22), facilitating the selection of genotypes with potential genetic gains ranging from 1.86 % to 75.4 %. Broad-sense heritability (h2) varied from 64.9 % to 99.8 %. The use of the MGIDI index pinpointed several promising genotypes, with BARI Mistialu-12 and H9.7.12 consistently performing well over both years. These genotypes exhibited both strengths and weaknesses.

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with extended antimicrobial coverage. Concerns have been raised about the side effects of cefepime including myoclonus, encephalopathy, and seizures, especially when renal impairment is present. There have been reports of cases of adverse neurological consequences despite appropriate renal adjustment. Here, we present a case of a 69-year-old patient initially diagnosed with pneumonia and treated with cefepime. The patient later developed altered mental status, leading to differential diagnoses including stroke, drug overdose, or non-convulsive seizures. Following a comprehensive workup, it was determined that she had cefepime-induced encephalopathy, despite having normal kidney function, which resolved completely after discontinuing the medication. In addition, we include similar cases retrieved from PubMed up to the present date, to the best of our knowledge.

This research investigates the multifaceted determinants of academic performance in a large-scale study of 5,092 undergraduate students across diverse Moroccan universities. We delved into demographic, academic, psychological, societal, and lifestyle factors, providing a comprehensive analysis of potential influencers on academic success. These dimensions were identified as significant predictors of academic performance, as gauged by the students' Grade Point Average (GPA). The findings reveal the intricate and interconnected nature of these factors and their cumulative influence on a student's academic trajectory. Our study emphasizes the necessity for a holistic approach that integrates not only traditional academic strategies, but also psychological support, balanced lifestyle practices, and effective societal engagement. Our research underscores the rich interplay among these variables and offers a profound understanding of their collective impact on academic performance. The derived insights could be instrumental for educators, policymakers, and researchers striving to create strategies that amplify student success. While acknowledging the inherent limitations of the study, we believe the results serve as a pivotal guidepost in the ongoing quest to optimize student academic outcomes and overall well-being.

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of pre-anthesis drought during reproductive stages (GS31 and GS39) on triticale (X Triticosecale wittmak) yield and yield components. Four triticale genotypes (2 Local, and 2 from the USA) were exposed to pre-anthesis drought stress at both of stem elongation stage (B-treatment) and flag leaf emergence stage (C-treatment). Grain yield was not affected by pre-anthesis stress. Under no stress conditions (A-treatment), a strong correlation between grain yield and the number of grains per plant and plant height was detected. Under B-treatment, yield was negatively correlated with spike length and under C-treatment, yield was positively correlated with the number of grains per plant. The number of grains per plant, thousand grain weight, and harvest index were also not affected by drought stresses. This implied that the tested genotypes were drought tolerant since they form a large number of tillers, and when subjected to pre-anthesis drought it helps the plants to cover the soil surface and reduce water evaporation. JU and S1 showed fast pre-anthesis growth (early flowering cultivars) which makes them favored for further breeding. while N1 and N2 had slow pre-anthesis growth (late flowering cultivars) which enabled them to store more photosynthate pre-anthesis, which might compensate for the pre-anthesis drought effect on them.

Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial disease that affects young adults, due to a deletion of mitochondrial DNA and characterized by the triad: age of onset lower than 20 years, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and an atypical pigmentary retinopathy. It is also characterized by other endocrine, neurological, and especially cardiac impairment with a very high risk of cardiac complications during surgical procedures under all types of anesthesia.

Abstract Background Catheter laboratories are high-radiation exposure environments, especially during X-ray procedures like percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and electrophysiological studies. Radiation exposure poses risks of stochastic (e.g., cancer) and deterministic (e.g., skin changes) effects. This study assessed radiation safety and health practices in a cardiac catheterization unit to optimize radiation safety. A cross-sectional study in Cairo University Hospital (March–September 2019) evaluated 700 patients and healthcare workers. Real-time radiation measurements, educational lectures, and radiation protection measures were implemented in three phases. Data on radiation exposure, procedures, and compliance were collected and analyzed. Results The total procedure time and fluoroscopy time per cardiologist did not significantly differ between phases, but there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean total cumulative radiation doses between Phase I and Phase III for cardiologists (P = 0.013). Among nurses and technicians, there was no significant difference in radiation doses between the two phases. Significant correlations were found between operators' radiation doses, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time. Patients' radiation doses decreased significantly from Phase I to Phase III, with correlations between dose, procedure time, and gender. Compliance with radiation protection measures was suboptimal. Conclusions Compliance with radiation safety standards in the cardiac catheterization unit at the Cairo University Hospital needs improvement. The study highlights the importance of adhering to radiation safety principles and optimizing protective measures to reduce radiation exposure for both patients and healthcare personnel. Despite low compliance, significant reductions in radiation doses were achieved with increased awareness and adherence to specific protection measures. Future efforts should focus on enhancing radiation safety protocols and organ-specific radiation impact assessments.

Abstract Introduction Recently, studies on behavioral tic suppression techniques have gained popularity as opposed to pharmacological alternatives that often have potentially dangerous side effects. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors therapy (DRO) is one such behavioral technique whose efficacy in tic suppression has been experimentally demonstrated albeit in studies with very few patients, and lacking statistical power. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of these studies to improve their overall power and explore whether DRO intervention is really effective for tic suppression. Materials and methods PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 30, 2023. Only original interventional studies that examined the efficacy of DRO for tic suppression were included. Results A total of 8 no control interventional studies involving 79 children with tic disorders were recruited. Most of the children had moderate tic severity. The pooled mean Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score was 24.64 (95% CI: 21.99 – 30.12, p =

The role of genetic variation is utmost importance in the selection of a desirable genotype for breeding programs. In the northern region of Bangladesh, the performance of five short duration boro rice varieties (BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan74, BRRI dhan81, BRRI dhan88, and Bangabandhu dhan100) on yield and yield-contributing traits were evaluated in four locations. Yield attributes tiller hill-1 (TN), panicle hill-1 (PN), filled grain panicle-1 (FG), panicle length (PL), 1000-grain weight (TGW), and harvest index (HI), showed a positive correlation with grain yield (GY). Conversely, spikelet sterility (SSP) and unfilled grains panicle-1 (UFG) showed negative associations with grain yield. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components accounted for 89.60% of variability. The highest positive eigenvalue was observed in DF, DM, BY, HI, PN, SY, TN, PL and GY in PC1, indicating their significant influence on the overall genotype variations. PC2 was primarily driven by plant height (PH) and FG, while PC3 driven by TGW and UFG. The results suggest that grain yield is highly influenced by FG, PH, DM, DF, PN, TN, PL, TGW, SY, BY, and HI. These components highlighted the importance in distinguishing rice genotypes with higher grain yield potential. By considering these traits, BRRI dhan74 have outperformed other varieties, followed by BRRI dhan88 and Bangabandhu dhan100. BRRI dhan74 is most suitable for all four location followed by BRRI dhan88. The traits such as PN, PL, FG, TGW, PH, & HI significantly influence rice yield and should be prioritized in breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding rice varieties.

Effective management of fertilizers is essential in influencing the prevalence of insects in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Over two years (2019-20 and 2020-21), an experiment conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Habiganj, during the boro season aimed to identify the most effective multidimensional treatment (EMT) by testing various combinations of chemical fertilizers and its effect on rice insects. The goal was to optimize rice grain yield while minimizing harmful insect infestation and supporting natural enemies. Eight different chemical fertilizer applications were used as follows: T1 contained a full mix of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S); T2 had PKS but lacked N; T3 had NKS but lacked P; T4 had NPS but lacked K; T5 had NPK but lacked S; T6 had KS but lacked N and P; T7 had PS but lacked N and K; and T8 lacked all four elements - N, P, K, and S.The relationship between the dynamics of harmful insects and natural enemies was highly positively correlated (r = 0.72 to 0.97). In two consecutive growing years, the 2020-21 season exhibited notably higher counts of harmful insects, with Rice Leafroller (RLR) dominating in the booting stage and White Backed Planthopper (WBPH) in mid-tillering, while Green Mirid Bug (GMB) prevailed among natural enemies across both stages, surpassing insect pest counts, notably GMB, Lady bird beetle (LBB), Carabid beetle (CDB), and Staphylinid (STD). However, the yield was notably higher in the 2019-20 growing season despite these pest pressures. Throughout the mid-tillering and booting stages, T1 consistently exhibited the highest average populations of harmful insects and natural enemies, while T7 demonstrated the lowest count of harmful insects, followed by T2 at both growth stages. Additionally, the highest grain yield (GY) was consistently recorded in T1, followed by T5, T6, and T3, with yields of 7.98 t/ha, 7.63 t/ha, 7.38 t/ha, and 7.33 t/ha, respectively. In both stages, beneficial insects prevailed over harmful ones in all fertilizer applications, with significant declines noted in T2 and T7. Factor analysis showed successful selection for EMT in the MGIDI index for all variables except INT and GY during the 2019-20 season, with selection differentials (SD) ranging from −0.10 to 8.29. However, in 2020-21, selection was achieved for all variables with SD ranging from 0.37 to 6.08. According to the MGIDI index, the top-ranked EMTs were identified as T4 and T3 for the 2019-20 period, and T3 and T5 for the 2020-21 period. The EMT shared in both years, T3, proved effective because of its positive impact on enhancing natural enemies throughout both periods (with SD ranging from 4.76 to 8.29 for 2019-20 and 3.03 to 6.08 for 2020-21), and its notable contribution to rice grain yield (SD = 0.37) in 2020-21. This study uniquely integrates EMT to optimize rice grain yield while simultaneously managing harmful insect infestations and supporting natural enemies, addressing a critical need in sustainable rice cultivation. The suggestion is to give preference to fertilizer application T3, which omits P but contains N and K, to improve rice grain yield and boost natural enemies, thereby reducing harmful insect infestation. Moreover, future investigations should concentrate on refining fertilizer blends to strike a harmony between maximizing yield and fostering ecological robustness in rice cultivation.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses a significant health risk in the United States, with high mortality rates. Clinicians maintain a low threshold for suspecting PE, potentially leading to deviation from guideline-recommended algorithms and unnecessary computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). This case discusses a 46-year-old woman who presented with symptoms suggestive of PE following a prolonged road trip. Despite a low Wells score and negative D-dimer results, she underwent CTPA, resulting in an unnecessary and harmful interventional radiology–guided thrombectomy. This highlights the importance of adhering to guidelines in PE diagnosis to mitigate potential harms associated with the overuse of available medical tools.

This study conducts a multi-stage approach to enhance the treatment of dairy wastewater, focusing on efficiently removing of total organic carbon (TOC). The investigation comprises three sequential treatment processes: chemical coagulation (CC), solar-powered electrocoagulation (EC), and adsorption. In the initial stage, a range of organic and inorganic coagulants were evaluated under varying conditions, including dosage, pH, and dilution. Ferrous sulfate exhibited superior performance, achieving a TOC removal efficiency of 68 % at pH 5.6 for a concentration of 1 g/L. The subsequent EC process investigated the impact of electrode type, number, arrangement, current density, and dilution on TOC removal during the electrocoagulation process. Both Al and Fe electrodes displayed similar performance with a maximum 47.1 %. The EC removal efficiency was maximum when using six electrodes with MP-S arrangement. In the final phase, the effectiveness of various inorganic adsorbents (zeolite, sea sand, shale oil ash, commercial activated carbon) was assessed, considering factors such as adsorbent type, dosage, temperature, and pH. Shale oil ash and sea sand exhibited the highest capacities with removal efficiencies of 75 and 69 %, respectively compared to 80 % for activated carbon when using a TOCo of 100 mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 1.25 g. These results indicate that this research integrates three processes with an overall removing of efficiency of 98.6 %. This combined treatment system represents a promising approach for effectively treating dairy wastewater, and addresses environmental concerns associated with dairy industry effluents.

The dataset focuses on evaluating the performance of 17 sweet potato varieties (G) released by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) in terms of storage root yield and stability across five locations (E) in Bangladesh—Gazipur, Bogura, Jamalpur, Jashore, and Chattogram. The result revealed that BARI Mistialu-12 exhibited the highest average storage root yield at 45.35 t/ha, closely followed by BARI Mistialu-16 at 44.64 t/ha. Conversely, BARI Mistialu-1 had the lowest mean yield of 25.99 t/ha. Among the locations, Bogura recorded the highest mean root yield at 37.05 t/ha, while Chattogram exhibited the lowest at 31.27 t/ha. A combined analysis of variance revealed the presence of variability in storage root yield attributed to the genotype-location (environment) interaction (GEI). To delve deeper into this interaction, additive and multiplicative interaction effect models (AMMI) along with a linear mixed model (LMM) were employed for further investigations to confirm the significant contribution of GEI variance to root yield. The LMM results showed genetic variance (%), heritability (%), selection accuracy (%), and GEI correlation coefficients of 52.27, 54, 94, and 30, respectively. The AMMI analysis indicated that the first two principal components accounted for 74.60 % of GEI, with 20.16 % attributed to it. Assessing significant Interaction Principal Component Analyses (IPCAs) through the Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAAS) indicated that BARI Mistialu-12 is the most stable genotype, followed by BARI Mistialu-16 and BARI Mistialu-8, all displaying above-average root yield. The mega-environment analysis associated the highest root production of BARI Mistialu-11 and BARI Mistialu-2 with the Jamalpur location, while Gazipur, Bogura, and Jashore were linked with the superior performance of BARI Mistialu-12 and BARI Mistialu-16 genotypes. These findings are crucial for future breeding programs and the rapidly growing sweet potato industry, given the stable high-yield potential across diverse agro-ecological conditions. However, it is imperative to repeat the study to ensure reliable outcomes.

The dataset provided details on how tillage methods and nutrient management impacted the productivity of the four crops (mustard>mungbean>Transplanting (T.) aus >Transplanting (T.) aman) cropping system and the overall soil health. The specific tillage techniques examined were minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT). Regarding nutrient management, NM1 utilized 100 % soil test-based (STB) fertilization following fertilizer gradient generation (FRG); NM2 applied 125 % of STB after FRG-2018; NM3 consisted of 100 % STB (with 80 % from chemical fertilizers and 20 % from cow dung); and NM4 relied on native fertility without any fertilization. Over three consecutive seasonal years (2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21), twelve treatments were replicated three times following a factorial totally randomized design. The comparative analysis of crop yield, rice equivalent yield, system productivity and production efficiency indicated superior performance of MT over both CT and DT. Furthermore, in relation to agricultural productivity metrics, the application of the nutrition package NM3 demonstrated performance levels exceeding the average. The adoption of MT and the incorporation of the NM3 nutrition package led to notable advancements in organic matter, field capacity, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and soil nutrient levels (N, P, K, S, Zn, and B). Consequently, the synthesis of the NM3 with MT is posited as a strategic approach for soil enhancement and the augmentation of crop productivity.

Separation of different oil/water systems is still considered a challenge. This study explores the development of blended ultrafiltration membranes to treat wastewater contaminated with crude oil. The membranes are composed of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly-pyrrole (PPy), blended in varying proportions to investigate the impact on membrane properties and separation process. The modified membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion technique and characterized using various analytical techniques, including permeability, porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, and morphology. Examining the membrane's structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the modified membranes have a rough surface structure with larger finger-like cross sections. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR) and elemental analysis (EDS) measurements confirmed that polypyrrole (PPy) spread through the modified CA/PPy successfully. The modified C–P2 (stands for 2% PPy concentration) membrane exhibited the highest flux among different fabricated membranes (about 450 LMH/bar), with excellent separation efficiency (around 99.9%). Highly stable flux was observed in three recycles tests of the modified membranes. The results confirmed that these modified membranes are promising and feasible for efficient and high oil wastewater separation performance with anti-fouling properties.

Polysaccharide derivatives with two types of functionalities were synthesized; reactive groups for click-chemistry approaches and groups that can tune the water solubility of the products. Xylan phenylcarbonates (XPCs) and cellulose phenylcarbonates (CPCs) with degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 were prepared as starting materials. In a modular synthesis approach, these carbonate derivatives were converted with different amines to obtain functional xylan carbamates (XCs) and cellulose carbamates (CCs) with (i) reactive alkynyl- or furfuryl groups and / or (ii) hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl or tertiary amino groups. Both types of functionalities were introduced separately or simultaneously in a convenient one-pot-approach. Mixed polysaccharide carbamates with low, intermediate, and high DS values (0.6 to 2.5) were successfully prepared and characterized. The water solubility of the carbamates and mixed carbamates was tuned by variation of the type and DS of the two hydrophilic substituents. Surprisingly, some of the products showed lower or upper critical solution temperatures (LCSTs, UCSTs). Thus, the thermoreversible phase transition in aqueous solutions was studied. The products obtained in this work are very promising for the preparation of hydrogels through selective covalent crosslinking as well as for the fabrication of thermoresponsive biomaterials.

The dataset primarily focused on selecting genotypes of sweet oranges based on their phenotypic performances. The dataset resulted significant variations in the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of 20 out of 21 traits, including leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. A strong positive correlation (r= 0.73 to 0.95) was observed among the majority of morphological traits. The sweet orange genotypes demonstrated considerable genetic variance, surpassing 65% for almost all traits, with a selection accuracy exceeding 92%. Using the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), CS Jain-001 emerged as the top-ranked genotype, followed by BAU Malta-3 and CS Jain-002 in order of desirability. The broad sense heritability of selected traits was above 75.60%, and the selection gain reached a maximum of 12.60. These identified genotypes show promise as potential parent donors in breeding programs, leveraging their strengths and weaknesses to develop promising varieties in Bangladesh.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum is rare, impacting

In Bangladesh, sweet potato holds the fourth position as a crucial carbohydrate source, trailing rice, wheat, and potato. However, locally grown sweet potato varieties often display limited stability and yield. To tackle this challenge, diverse selection methods and statistical models were utilized to pinpoint sweet potato genotypes showcasing both stability and superior yield and quality traits. In the initial two years, multiple selection methods were employed to narrow down the collections based on preferences for yield and its contributing traits. Subsequently, a multi-environment trial (MET) was conducted in the following year to pinpoint superior and stable genotypes with desirable yield and quality characteristics. An integrated approach involving the Multi-Trait Genotype Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), Factor Analysis and Ideotype-Design (FAI-BLUP), and Smith-Hazel Index (SH) led to the identification of 71 superior sweet potato genotypes out of a total of 351 in the initial growing season. In the subsequent season, the MGIDI selection index was applied to the 71 genotypes, resulting in the selection of 11 top-performing genotypes. This selection process was complemented by a detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the selected genotypes. In the MET, the mixed effect model, specifically the linear mixed model (LMM), identified significant genotypic and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) variances. This points to elevated heritability and selection accuracy, ultimately boosting the model's reliability. By combining the strengths of LMM and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) index identified H20 as the top-performing genotype for marketable root yield (MRY), H37 for dry weight of root (DW), H8 for beta carotene (BC) and H41 for vitamin c (VC). These genotypes surpassed the overall average in the WAAS index. For simultaneous stability and high performance, the WAASBY index selected H37 for MRY, H6 for DW, H61 for BC, and H3 for VC. Finally, genotypes H3 and H20 were selected using multi-trait stability index (MTSI), as they possessed high performance and stability. Based on the selection sense, the objective has been achieved with regards to the trait MRW, which serves as a major criterion for a superior variety of sweet potato.

This case centers on a 76-year-old male experiencing exertional dyspnea and hemoptysis, with a medical history marked by recurrent pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Notably, he resides in a histoplasmosis-endemic area. A computed tomography (CT) pulmonary embolism scan revealed notable findings, including an enlarged right lower pulmonary artery, vascular congestion, atelectasis, and a mass exerting pressure on the right lower pulmonary vein. Biopsy results identified the mass as fibrosing mediastinitis, likely attributed to histoplasmosis. A transthoracic echocardiogram indicated right ventricular dilatation, impaired function, and a right ventricular systolic pressure of 63 mm Hg. During right heart catheterization, the patient displayed disparate pulmonary artery wedge pressures (PAWPs) between the right and left sides. This discrepancy was linked to a blunted back wave from the left atrium to the catheter, induced by pulmonary vein compression. Although an infrequent phenomenon, the recorded asymmetry in PAWPs played a crucial role in guiding accurate patient management. The absence of subsequent evaluation of PAWP on the left side could have altered the treatment plan, potentially delaying appropriate patient care. This case emphasizes the necessity of thorough exploration with right heart catheterization when clinical symptoms warrant, highlighting the importance of standardized practices in such procedures.

Background Autonomic function can be measured noninvasively using heart rate variability (HRV), which indexes overall sympathovagal balance. Deceleration capacity (DC) of heart rate is a more specific metric of vagal modulation. Higher values of these measures have been associated with reduced mortality risk primarily in patients with cardiovascular disease, but their significance in community samples is less clear. Methods and Results This prospective twin study followed 501 members from the VET (Vietnam Era Twin) registry. At baseline, frequency domain HRV and DC were measured from 24‐hour Holter ECGs. During an average 12‐year follow‐up, all‐cause death was assessed via the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox frailty models with random effect for twin pair were used to examine the hazard ratios of death per 1‐SD increase in log‐transformed autonomic metrics. Both in the overall sample and comparing twins within pairs, higher values of low‐frequency HRV and DC were significantly associated with lower hazards of all‐cause death. In within‐pair analysis, after adjusting for baseline factors, there was a 22% and 27% lower hazard of death per 1‐SD increment in low‐frequency HRV and DC, respectively. Higher low‐frequency HRV and DC, measured during both daytime and nighttime, were associated with decreased hazard of death, but daytime measures showed numerically stronger associations. Results did not substantially vary by zygosity. Conclusions Autonomic inflexibility, and especially vagal withdrawal, are important mechanistic pathways of general mortality risk, independent of familial and genetic factors.

The dataset explores the impact of waterlogging stress on sesame plants during the pre-flowering stage, recognizing its global impact on crop yield and the identification of tolerant genotypes using the MGIDI index. Carried out in Bangladesh, the research assesses the survival status, grain yield, and stress tolerance indices of 40 sesame genotypes, revealing that twelve of them demonstrated resilience under 72 h of waterlogging stress at the pre-flowering stage. There were variations in genotypic grain yield, and G15 exhibited the highest yields, recording 5.22 g/plant under normal conditions and 4.10 g/plant under waterlogging stress. The MGIDI index, evaluating waterlogging tolerance, identified G4 as the most favorable genotype, followed by G5 and G12. Factor analysis within the MGIDI index uncovered distinct tolerance and susceptibility indices, highlighting strengths and weaknesses in the selected genotypes. The selection gain percentages of these genotypes ranged from 12.9 to 37.4, indicating high broad-sense heritability (≥0.97). These results underscore the potential of genotype selection based on waterlogging stress indices, providing valuable insights for breeders addressing stress-related crop challenges in the face of changing climatic conditions.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing focus on assessing life satisfaction among students, as a way of measuring their overall wellbeing. This study aims to investigate how positive feelings (PF) and negative feelings (NF) predict academic performance (AP) through time management (TM) as a mediator in this process. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Moroccan students from the University of Sidi Mohamed ben Abdullah in Fez. A total of 540 students (288 females, 53.3%; 252 males, 46.7%; with a mean age of 21.51 and a standard deviation of 3.86) completed a pencil and paper questionnaire. A questionnaire was adopted as a tool in this research. Positive emotions (Pe), Negative emotions (Ne), and Life satisfaction were measured on a five-rank scale for each variable (strongly agree = 5, strongly disagree = 1). Results: The results of using structural equation modeling showed that the life satisfaction factor, which includes two dimensions, PF and NF, has a significant influence on academic performance. Discussion: Creating a supportive and positive learning environment can enhance students' wellbeing and improve academic performance.

Abstract In this rapid review, we critically scrutinize the disaster management infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, illuminating pivotal issues of interoperability, global cooperation, established procedures, community readiness, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies. Our exploration uncovers a significant convergence with international benchmarks, while pinpointing areas primed for enhancement. We recognize that continual commitments to infrastructural progression and technology adoption are indispensable. Moreover, we underscore the value of robust community involvement and cross-border collaborations as key factors in bolstering disaster response capabilities. Importantly, we spotlight the transformative influence of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, in elevating the effectiveness of disaster management strategies. Our review champions in all-encompassing approach to disaster management, which entails harnessing innovative technologies, nurturing resilient communities, and promoting comprehensive disaster management strategies, encapsulating planning, preparedness, response, and recovery. As a result of our analysis, we provide actionable recommendations to advance Saudi Arabia’s disaster management framework. Our insights are timely and crucial, considering the escalating global focus on disaster response in the face of increasing disaster and humanitarian events.

Background and Aim: Bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) is highly prevalent among dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of electric conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) tests for the detection of SCM. Materials and Methods: We randomly selected 108 milk samples from cows of different breeds in the primary milk-producing region of Pabna and Sirajgonj districts of Bangladesh. Samples were subjected to the California mastitis test (CMT), white side test (WST), electric conductivity (EC), TDS, and culture. A cow was considered positive for SCM if it tested positive in CMT, WST, and culture, whereas a cow was considered negative for SCM if it tested negative in all three methods. These gold standards have been used to evaluate the performance of the EC and TDS tests. The optimal EC and TDS cutoff values for the detection of SCM were determined using the “optimal cutoff” function in R version 4.3.1. Results: The optimal EC cutoff value for SCM detection was found to be 6159 μS/cm or 6.16 mS/cm. A positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 31.2 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 were obtained for this cutoff value. The optimal cutoff value for TDS was 3100 mg/L of milk, which resulted in a positive LR+ of 45.5 and an AUC of 0.924. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the performance of EC and TDS tests in detecting SCM in Bangladesh. These results suggest that EC and TDS tests, which are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to conduct, can effectively detect SCM at the farm level.

ABSTRACTBackground Post cardiac surgery acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), is a serious complication. Positive inotropic agents are the main line of treatment for LCOS with different degrees of improvement of cardiac function & nephroprotective efficacy Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer in cardiac muscles, which has a comparable positive inotropic and nephroprotective effects to that of classic beta2 agonists.Objective To evaluate the possible nephroprotective effect of levosimendan as compared to beta agonists in cardiac surgery patients with LCOS.Patients and Methods It is a prospective, randomized and comparative study conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals over the period from December 2020 to May 2021. A total of 60 patients with post cardiac surgery low cardiac output syndrome were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group A (control) received beta-agonists (dobutamine or adrenaline) and Group B (study) received levosimendan. The incidence of AKI at the diagnosis of LCOS & its progression to renal failure in both groups were assessed.Results The incidence of AKI at diagnosis of LCOS postoperative was 30% (n = 9) in each group; 44% of them in the control group (n = 4) developed renal failure at discharge from ICU and none of the study group patients developed renal failure at discharge. At the time of discharge from ICU, the incidence of renal failure in beta-agonist group was 13.3%, while the incidence in the levosimendan group was 0% with statistically significant P value of 0.038.Conclusion In comparison to beta-agonists, Levosimendan may have a better nephroprotective effect that plays a role in decreasing the incidence of kidney failure in patients with post cardiac surgery LCOS. A larger randomized, controlled trials are recommended to prove such a beneficial nephroprotective effect and its exact mechanism.

Resumen: El mucocele apendicular es una entidad patológica rara, pero potencialmente peligrosa, se presenta en diferentes formas clínicas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 47 años, sin antecedentes particulares, que consulta por dolor crónico en fosa ilíaca derecha y cuya tomografía computarizada abdomino-pélvica muestra una masa quística del apéndice que evoca un mucocele apendicular. El paciente se sometió a una apendicectomía. El análisis histológico de este confirmó el diagnóstico de mucocele apendicular sin células malignas. El seguimiento postoperatorio fue sencillo. Abstract: Appendiceal mucocele is a rare pathological entity, but potentially dangerous, it presents in different clinical forms. We present the case of a 47-year-old patient, with no particular history, who consulted for chronic pain in the right iliac fossa and whose abdominal-pelvic computed tomography showed a cystic mass in the appendix that evokes an appendiceal mucocele. The patient underwent an appendectomy. Histological analysis of this confirmed the diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele without malignant cells. Postoperative follow-up was easy.

Giant bladder calculi are rare and long-term usage of cystostomy could cause stone formation. Due to the lack of evidence on giant bladder calculi and the long-term usage of cystostomy can cause bladder calculi formation, we provide a case study of a man with a neglected cystostomy with giant bladder calculi for 4 years. A fixed mass was discovered in the suprapubic region. Ultrasound examination revealed 4.1 × 5.5 cm bladder calculi and contracted left kidney. Bipolar voiding cystourethrography portrayed stricture in pars pendular and membranacea, uneven bladder wall, and 4.5 × 4.5 cm bladder calculi. The stone was extracted, and the bladder filling test revealed a small bladder capacity. Since the patient refused urethral reconstruction and bladder augmentation, he was discharged with another cystostomy catheter. Six-month follow-up revealed no forming stones. Neglected cystostomy catheter can cause giant bladder calculi. Prompt diagnosis and treatment should be made to manage this condition to reduce the likelihood of bladder cancer.

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC. We aim to better characterize the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic CRPC patients treated with PARPis. A systemic review search was conducted using National Clinical Trial (NCT), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Central Cochrane Registry. The improvement in overall survival was statistically significant, favoring PARPis (hazard ratio (HR) 0.855; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.752–0.974; p = 0.018). The improvement in progression-free survival was also statistically significant, with results favoring PARPis (HR 0.626; 95%CI 0.566–0.692; p = 0.000). In a subgroup analysis, similar results were observed where the efficacy of PARPis was evaluated in a subgroup of patients without homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutation, which showed improvement in PFS favoring PARPis (HR 0.747; 95%CI 0.0.637–0.877; p = 0.000). Our meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that PARPis significantly increased PFS and OS when used with or without antihormonal agents like abiraterone or enzalutamide.

Liagmentum flavum hematoma (LFH) is a rare cause of radiculopathy and low back pain, sharing similar symptomatology with disc herniation. It predominantly affects the lumbar thoracic spine. The underlying mechanism of LFH remains unclear; however, surgical removal of the hematoma has consistently demonstrated excellent outcomes.The objective of this case report is to emphasize the significance of diagnosing LFH. We present a surgically confirmed lumbar LFH case that mimicked a lumbar tumor, highlighting the challenges encountered during diagnosis and subsequent management.

Before the advent of CT and MRI, and since the early 1920s, myelography has been used for the diagnosis of spinal cord lesions and lumbar disc herniations. We report a case of an 86-year-old man with a migration of lipiodol in the intracranial subarachnoid spaces. The patient had undergone a myelography in the early 1970s, 50 years earlier. Lipiodol, an iodized oil, was widely used as a contrast agent in conventional myelography for years and provided excellent radiographic visualization of the subarachnoid spaces. Although rare, images of its residues may still be encountered in modern radiographic imaging. Neurosurgeons and radiologists should be aware of this imaging appearance, and be able to differentiate it from possible pathologies.

Summary: Background: Although immunomodulators have established benefit against the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in general, it is uncertain whether such agents improve outcomes without increasing the risk of secondary infections in the specific subgroup of previously immunocompromised patients. We assessed the effect of immunomodulators on outcomes of immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022335397). MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of relevant articles were searched up to 01-06-2022. Authors of potentially eligible randomized controlled trials were contacted to provide data on immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control (i.e., placebo or standard-of-care). Findings: Eleven randomized controlled trials involving 397 immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were included. Ten trials had low risk of bias. There was no difference between immunocompromised patients randomized to immunomodulators vs control regarding mortality [30/182 (16.5%) vs 41/215 (19.1%); RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61–1.41; p = 0.74], secondary infections (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.64–1.58; p = 0.99) and change in World Health Organization ordinal scale from baseline to day 15 (weighed mean difference 0.27, 95% CI -0.09–0.63; p = 0.15). In subgroup analyses including only patients with hematologic malignancy, only trials with low risk of bias, only trials administering IL-6 inhibitors, or only trials administering immunosuppressants, there was no difference between comparators regarding mortality. Interpretation: Immunomodulators, compared to control, were not associated with harmful or beneficial outcomes, including mortality, secondary infections, and change in ordinal scale, when administered to immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Funding: Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation.

Oral cancer ranks sixteenth amongst types of cancer by number of deaths. Many oral cancers are developed from potentially malignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, whose most frequent predictor is the presence of epithelial dysplasia. Immunohistochemical staining using cell proliferation biomarkers such as ki67 is a complementary technique to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of oral leukoplakia. The cell counting of these images was traditionally done manually, which is time-consuming and not very reproducible due to intra- and inter-observer variability. The software presently available is not suitable for this task. This article presents the OralImmunoAnalyser software (registered by the University of Santiago de Compostela–USC), which combines automatic image processing with a friendly graphical user interface that allows investigators to oversee and easily correct the automatically recognized cells before quantification. OralImmunoAnalyser is able to count the number of cells in three staining levels and each epithelial layer. Operating in the daily work of the Odontology Faculty, it registered a sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 93% for automatic cell detection, with an accuracy of 79.8% for cell classification. Although expert supervision is needed before quantification, OIA reduces the expert analysis time by 56.5% compared to manual counting, avoiding mistakes because the user can check the cells counted. Hence, the SUS questionnaire reported a mean score of 80.9, which means that the system was perceived from good to excellent. OralImmunoAnalyser is accurate, trustworthy, and easy to use in daily practice in biomedical labs. The software, for Windows and Linux, with the images used in this study, can be downloaded from https://citius.usc.es/transferencia/software/oralimmunoanalyser for research purposes upon acceptance.

يشكل الإحصاء أو النظام الإحصائي الذي تتمتع به الدولة الشريان الرئيسي الذي يشكل مصدر الحياة لجميع مؤسسات الدولة، فالإحصاء المادة الأساسية التي يرتكز لها صناع القرار في شتى المجالات التنموية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسكانية، وبالتالي تنبع الحاجة لإطلاق مشروع استراتيجية إحصائية على المستوى الوطني يعمل على تحقيق نقلة نوعية من الحالة غير المرضية إلى حالة تلبي متطلبات التنمية المستدامة، وتشكل رافعة من روافع التنمية في الجمهورية العربية السورية. اعتمد البحث على منهجية إحصائية في دراسة عدد من النماذج المعتمدة لدى العديد من الدول (عربية، إقليمية، دولية) بهدف تبني نموذج مقترح يشكل بنية أساسية لتحقيق هذه النقلة النوعية. استنادا من تحليل الواقع الراهن والتعرف على عدد من التجارب التي تغني البحث من حيث المنهجية وتبين كيفية الانتقال إلى نظام احصائي على درجة عالية من الكفاءة في تحقيق متطلبات التنمية المستدامة.

Introduction: Local therapies for high risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) such as intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) have shown a high rate of progression and recurrence (1). Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for local therapies has been shown to reduce progression and recurrence in patient with NMIBC. However, its potential role is limited in high burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) due to its low specificity that can cause wrong diagnosis or false positive in patients with clinically diagnosed tuberculosis. BCG vaccine that has to be given for most people in tuberculosis endemic countries will induce trained immunity that could reduce the effectivity of intravesical BCG for NMIBC Moreover, intravesical BCG is contraindicated in patient with or previous tuberculosis. The potential clinical benefit of intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) in delaying the recurrence and progression of high-risk NMIBC have been investigated with promising results (2, 3). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential anti-tumor effect of IAC in NMIBC. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of published articles in Cochrane Library, Pubmed, and Science-Direct to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing IAC alone or combined with IVC versus IVC/BCG alone in NMIBC. The protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) was applied to this study. Results: Four RCTs and 4 cohort observational studies were eligible in this study and 5 studies were included in meta-analysis. The risk ratio of tumor recurrence was reduced by 35% (RR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.49-0.87; p = 0.004) in IAC plus IVC, while recurrence-free survival (RFS) was prolonged by 45% (HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.69; p < 0.001). The risk of tumor progression was reduced by 45% (RR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.41-0.75; p = 0.002) and tumor progression-free survival (PFS) was also prolonged by 53% (HR: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34-0.65; p < 0.001). Some RCT’s had high or unclear risk of bias, meanwhile 4 included cohort studies had overall low risk of bias, therefore the pooled results need to be interpreted cautiously. Subgroup analysis revealed that the heterogeneity outcome of tumour recurrence might be attributed to the difference in NMIBC stages and grades. Conclusions: The IAC alone or combined with IVC following bladder tumor resection may lower the risk of tumor recurrence A systematic review and meta-analysis of intraarterial chemotherapy for non muscle invasive bladder cancer: Promising alternative therapy in high tuberculosis burden countries Zakaria Aulia Rahman 1, 2, Furqan Hidayatullah 1, 2, Jasmine Lim3, Lukman Hakim1, 4 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga; 2 Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 3 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4 Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12154 Summary and progression. These findings highlight the importance of further multi institutional randomized controlled trials with bigger sample size using a standardized IAC protocol to validate the current results.

Introduction: Toxic microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanoprokaryotes -particularly by the cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa- pose adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their ecosystem and may also cause serious impacts on human health. These harmful monocyclic heptapeptides are the most prevalent cyanotoxins reported in freshwaters and must be eliminated for avoiding MCs release in receiving water bodies. Hence, this work aimed to test the efficacy of Moringa oleifera seeds water-based extract (MO) as a natural coagulant for removing cyanobacteria (especially M. aeruginosa), microalgae, and its associated MCs from pre-treated municipal wastewaters.Methodology: Four different MO coagulant doses (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L−1) were investigated for cyanobacteria and microalgae removal by conventional coagulation assays and morphology-based taxonomy studies. Additionally, water turbidity and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content were also determined. Further, the presence and concentration of MCs soluble in water, remaining in the particulate fraction, and flocculated within the residual sludge were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).Results: The treatment with MO at 100 mg L−1 substantially reduced the number of cyanobacterial and microalgal species in the treated samples (average removal rate of 93.8% and 86.9%, respectively). These results agreed with a ∼44% concomitant reduction in Chl a and ∼97% reduction in water turbidity (a surrogate marker for suspended solids content). Notably, MCs concentrations in the treated water were significantly lowered to 0.6 ± 0.1 µg L−1 after addition of 100 mg L−1 MO. This value is below the WHO recommended limits for MCs presence in drinking water (

A study was conducted in five regions of Bangladesh, specifically Gazipur, Bogura, Jamalpur, Jashore, and Chattogram, each characterized by suitable agro-ecologies for sweet potato cultivation. The purpose of this data article was to demonstrate the correlations between traits and the selection of stable varieties based on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI). The data indicated a direct link between multiple characteristics and both the yield and factors contributing to yield. This implies that enhancing these traits might result in a higher overall production of sweet potato storage roots. Furthermore, the factor analysis for MTSI demonstrated that the desired goal for selection was achieved for all traits, except for mean vine length (VL) and storage root dry weight (DW). The broad sense heritability ranged from 0 to 0.97, and the selection gain percentage ranged from 0 to 42.8. The MTSI analysis identified the sweet potato variety BARI Mistialu-15 as the most stable among the other studied varieties.

A cropping system that is based on three or four crops is currently a widely favored option for augmenting crop productivity to address the escalating global food demand. However, the improper fertilizer management and undue tillage adversely impacts both the productivity of crops and the fertility of the soil. A research investigation was conducted on tillage and nutrient management within the mustard-mungbean-Transplanting aus (T.aus)-Transplanting aman (T.aman) cropping system to examine the impact of fertilizer packages and tillage techniques on the overall productivity of cropping systems, as well as the condition of the soil in grey terrace soil. The research included tillage techniques viz; minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT); while nutrient management; NM1: 100 % STB (Soil test based) following FRG (Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-2018), all from chemical fertilizer, NM2: 125 % of STB following FRG- 2018, all from chemical fertilizer, NM3: 100 % STB (80 % from chemical fertilizers and 20 % from cowdung), and NM4: Native fertility (no fertilization). A total of twelve treatments replicated three times following the factorial completely randomized design for three consecutive seasonal years (2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21). MT outperformed DT and CT in terms of crop yield, rice equivalent yield (REY), system productivity (SP), and production efficiency (PE). Moreover, NM3 exhibited enhanced performance in terms of agricultural productivity measures. Field capacity (FC), soil organic matter (OM), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and soil nutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn and B) observed an enhancement as a result of the implementation of tillage MT and nutrition package NM3. The investigation indicates that implementing minimum tillage (MT) coupled with an integrated plant nutrition system package (NM3) can assist in the improvement of soil and the enhancement of crop productivity.

Abstract Background A strong understanding of infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures and comprehensive training among healthcare workers is essential for effective IPC programs. These elements play a crucial role in breaking the chain of nosocomial infections by preventing the transmission of resistant organisms to patients and staff members. This study mapped the components of IPC education and training across various member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) at national, academic, and healthcare institutional levels. Methods A self-administered structured online questionnaire based on the WHO “Core Component 3” of IPC programs at the national and acute healthcare facility levels (IPC education and training) was given to national IPC focal persons in each of the WHO’s EMR countries between February and March 2023. Results From 14 of the 22 countries,15 IPC persons participated in the survey. Most countries have scattered nonhomogeneous IPC education programs in human health undergraduate majors without considering it a standalone module. Academic institutions are rarely involved, and elaborate and predefined undergraduate IPC education programs provided by universities are present in 21.4% of the countries. In 71.4% of these countries, postgraduate training targeting IPC professionals is provided by national IPC teams, primarily based on national IPC guidelines developed with the aid of the WHO. Generally, healthcare worker training relies heavily on healthcare facilities in 92.9% of the countries, rather than on a national training program. In 42.9% of the countries, practicing IPC physicians are not necessarily specialists of infectious disease or medical microbiologists and IPC nurses are not required to specialize in IPC. However, nonspecialized IPC professionals are expected to undergo training upon employment and before beginning practice. Nongovernmental organizations such as the WHO play a significant role in IPC education and in supporting national IPC authorities in establishing national IPC guidelines, as it is the case in 78.6% of these countries. Conclusion Clear disparities exist in IPC education and training across different countries in the WHO’s EMR. Establishing a regional scientific network specializing in IPC would help bridge the existing gaps and standardize this education within individual countries and across countries in the region. This region needs to establish IPC certification standards and standardized education curricula.

Among gynecological malignancies, Endometrial cancer stands out as the most prevalent form of carcinoma. However, Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological type of Endometrial cancer. Endometrial metastases are generally confined to pelvis, and distant metastases are seen primarily in the lymph nodes, lungs, or liver. bone Endometrial metastases are detected from 2% to 6% at diagnosis. Bones metastasis are generally restricted to the pelvis, vertebrae, and femur. Other locations such as the peripheral skeletal, chest wall, cranium and bone recurrence later after initial treatment are very unusual. In cases of bone recurrence, adenocarcinoma is the most seen. CT and PET/CT scan are the most useful diagnostic modality for the detection of a bone metastasis. Here, we report a chest wall bone late recurrence of an endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Fatimah Hani Hassan,&ast; Anis Syazwani Zakaria,&ast; Yazmin Ahmad Rusli, Siti Munirah Haris, Hafizah Mohd Azraai Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fatimah Hani Hassan, Speech Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Temerloh, Kuala Lumpur, 53200, Malaysia, Tel +60392895014, Email fatimahhani@ukm.edu.myPurpose: This study compared the satisfaction of recipients of conventional speech-language therapy (C-SLT), speech-language teletherapy (SLTT), and hybrid speech-language therapy (H-SLT), and determined sociodemographic factors that affect their satisfaction.Patients and Methods: Participants were clients and caregivers of a speech-language clinic at a public university. Services were primarily provided by student clinicians, who were undergoing supervised clinical training. An online survey was distributed, which consisted of three sections: Background Information, Overall Satisfaction in SLT, and Satisfaction in SLTT. All participants completed the first two sections, while the third section was completed only by those who experienced SLTT or H-SLT.Results: Most of the respondents were caregivers (89.7%), female (79.4%), of Malay ethnicity (80.9%), have received tertiary education (77.9%), within the low-income category (66.2%), held a job (76.5%), and resided in central West Malaysia (83.8%). Many participants experienced C-SLT (51%), followed by H-SLT (34%), and SLTT (15%). There were no significant differences in the overall satisfaction of the participants across three modes of services delivery (F[2,67] = 0.02, p = 0.95), and in the satisfaction with teletherapy between the H-SLT and SLTT groups (t = 0.90, p = 0.38). Income was the only sociodemographic factor that was correlated with the satisfaction level in teletherapy (r = 0.37, p = 0.04).Keywords: communication disorders, patients’ experience, telerehabilitation, university training

Purpose: There is a growing concern regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract due to ACE2 receptor expression, however, its impact remains unclear. We performed this review to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the male reproductive system. Materials and Methods: We conducted a search in the Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Eligible studies comprised articles reporting viral RNA presence in semen, sperm parameters, and orchitis or orchiepididymitis occurrence in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Observational studies’ quality was determined using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Case reports were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s checklist. Results: A total of 32 relevant articles were included. Viral RNA was found in 7% of infected patients’ semen (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.15) from 3 studies. There were also only 7% of patients with orchitis or orchiepididymitis clinical manifestations (95% CI, 0.05–0.10). The semen volume and concentration were 2.34 mL (95% CI, 1.87–2.81) and 51.73 million/mL (95% CI, 31.60–71.85). The progressive and total motility percentages were 36.11% (95% CI, 28.87–43.35) and 43.07% (95% CI, 28.57–57.57), respectively. The morphology was 6.03% (95% CI, -1.05 to 13.10). There is a difference in semen volume between moderate and severe infections (MD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27–0.76; p