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Abstract Glycyrrhiza stems and leaves (GSL) are waste products of Glycyrrhiza; however, it has been considered a potential source of flavonoid compounds. In this study, GSL was processed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) to improve the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Firstly, a near-infrared (NIR) prediction model for flavonoid content in fermented Glycyrrhiza stems and leaves (FGSL) was established. Next, the effects of SSF on the antioxidant activity and metabolite profile of GSL were investigated. Finally, the possible mechanism of ferment release of flavonoids was explored based on enzyme activity, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results revealed that NIR spectroscopy can efficiently analyze flavonoid contents in GSL, with predicted determination coefficient (Rp2) and root mean square error (RMSEP) of 0.9874 and 0.125, respectively. SSF significantly increased the levels of flavonoids, and enhanced the scavenging activities of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical and reducing power of FGSL. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis showed the detection of 461 differential metabolites were identified after SSF, with 141 metabolites remarkably up-regulated and 320 metabolites of FGSL down-regulated during fermentation. The main types of differential metabolites were phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the destruction of cellulose by SFF was crucial to the release of flavonoids. In conclusion, our study revealed that SSF remarkably improved the phytochemical components of FGSL by increasing enzyme activity and destroying cellulose structure, thereby contributing to the enhancement of antioxidant activity. This study provided a scientific basis for the production of high-value flavonoids from plant materials and offered a novel approach to elucidate the release and conversion of flavonoids. Graphical Abstract

Background The personnel building of public health is the key to improving the public health system and enhancing the emergency response capability of public health emergencies. Objective The study aims to analyse the status, advantages and deficiencies of human resources for public health in Beijing after public health emergencies. Then, the study put forward suggestions to optimise the construction of human resources for public health in Beijing. Methods The data on the sum of public health workforce, disaggregated by age, academic qualifications and job title, was collected from 2016 to 2021 Basic Information Survey on Manpower of Health Institutions in Beijing and the Compendium of Statistics on Community Health Work in Beijing. The data was collated between June and September in 2022 with the aims of analysing the sum, structure and configuration of human resources for professional and grassroots-level public health in Beijing in the context of public health emergencies. Results From 2019 to 2021, the sum of human resources for public health in Beijing's professional public health institutions increased from 15 157 to 16 048. Additionally, the percentage of those with postgraduate qualifications increased by 0.93 percent, while the percentage of those with senior and intermediate titles increased by 2.29 and 3.87 percent, respectively. The sum of human resources for public health at the grassroots level increased from 3 701 to 4 017. Among these, the percentage of those with bachelor's degree or above increased by 5.36 percent, while the percentage of those with senior and intermediate titles increased by 0.72 and 1.70 percent, respectively. And the ratio of CDC force per 10 000 population decreased from 1.68 to 1.57, the number of health personnel in professional public health institutions per 1 000 population increased from 0.70 to 0.73, the number of grassroots public health personnel per 10 000 population increased from 1.72 to 1.84. Conclusion After the public health emergency, the sum of human resources for public health has increased in Beijing, yet staffing gaps persist. The echelon of public health institutions has been reinforced, although the quality of human resources for public health in different institutions varies considerably. Furthermore, the structure of titles of human resources for public health is becoming more logical. It is recommended that public health staffing standards be clarified to fill the gap in human resources for public health. Furthermore, it is essential to enhance the training methodology for human resources for public health and elevate the calibre of them. Additionally, there is a need to refine the mechanism for ensuring the advancement of the human resources for public health, with the objective of attracting and retaining talent.

Objective To screen the risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and construct a Bayesian network model based on the risk factors. Methods A total of 77 patients with cerebral hernia after TBI who underwent decompressive craniotomy in Nanjing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from March 2020 to January 2022 were included. They were divided into hydrocephalus group (n = 25) and non - hydrocephalus group (n = 52) according to whether hydrocephalus was complicated after surgery. The risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. The Bayesian network model was constructed based on the risk factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were drawn and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was conducted. Results In hydrocephalus group, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission (t = 2.178, P = 0.032), the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid replacement after lumbar puncture (χ2 = 8.675, P = 0.003), and the level of β2 -microglobulin after operation (t = 11.146, P = 0.000) were lower than those in non-hydrocephalus group, while subarachnoid hemorrhage (χ2 = 5.901, P = 0.015), bilateral operation (χ2 = 6.441, P = 0.011), the ratio of dural unstitched during operation (χ2 = 9.759, P = 0.002), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (χ2 = 8.938, P = 0.003), postoperative midline displacement > 10 mm (χ2 = 7.589, P = 0.006), and intracranial infection (χ2 = 4.519, P = 0.034), as well as postoperative coma time (t = 2.709, P = 0.008) were higher than those in non - hydrocephalus group. Logistic regression analysis showed that subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 1.885, 95%CI: 1.432-2.240; P = 0.012), dural unstitched during operation (OR = 1.468, 95%CI: 1.215-1.930; P = 0.006), long postoperative coma time (OR = 1.574, 95%CI: 1.358-1.926; P = 0.007), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 1.550, 95%CI: 1.254-1.768; P = 0.010), the level of β2- microglobulin increased after operation (OR = 1.622, 95%CI: 1.165-1.840; P = 0.004) were risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI. Based on these 5 factors, the Bayesian network model was constructed, and the area under ROC curve was 0.886 (95%CI: 0.823-0.925, P = 0.000). The calibration curve showed that there was a good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed no significant difference (χ2 = 8.760, P = 0.232), which indicated that the model had good discrimination, calibration and accuracy. Conclusions Subarachnoid hemorrhage, dural unstitched during operation, long postoperative coma time, postoperative intra ventricular hemorrhage, and elevated β2 - microglobulin level are the risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI.

Background Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most serious chronic complications in patients with diabetes. There is an incidence of DF of 15% in China, with a poor prognosis, an amputation rate of 22%, and a mortality rate of 11%, which greatly reduces the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with DF. DF wound healing may benefit from vitamin D, however, sufficient clinical studies are lacking to confirm this claim. Objective To explore the correlation between serum 25 (OH) D3 and DF wound healing. Methods A nested case-control study method was used to select DF patients with Wagner grading 2-4 who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from 2020 to 2021. The patients were discharged from the hospital and followed up for 3 months, and 55 patients whose DF wounds still had not healed were selected as the case group. As the control group, 110 patients whose DF wounds healed within 3 months of discharge were matched 1∶2 according to their age, gender, and Wagner grade with the patients in the case group. In the early stages of treatment, 2 mL of venous blood was obtained and serum 25 (OH) D3 levels were determined before vitamin D supplementation. Detailed basic data, biochemical and imaging indices of the patients were collected, including general demographics (age, gender, place of residence, education), BMI, diabetes duration and family history, hospitalization duration, lifestyle habits (alcohol consumption, smoking status), history of hypertension and Wagner classification. The biochemical parameters included 25 (OH) D3, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). An MRI was performed to determine if the patient had osteomyelitis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different 25 (OH) D3 levels and DF wound healing. Results The duration of diabetes in the case group was longer than that in the control group (P0.05). Once age, gender, place of residence, education, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes duration, length of hospitalization, Wagner grade, osteomyelitis, HbA1c, ESR, and CRP have corrected for, patients with serum 25 (OH) D3 levels of 20 to

Abstract Background Late-onset capsule block syndrome (CBS) is a rare complication of cataract phacoemulsification and the implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL), which manifests six months to years after surgery. The hallmark of CBS is the formation of an opaque liquid substance between the implanted intraocular lens (IOL) and the posterior capsule. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Case presentation A 64-year-old female patient with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (axis length

Earthquake-triggered landslides (ETLs) are characterized by their extensive occurrences, having wide distributions. The conventional human–computer interaction extraction method is often time-consuming and labor-intensive, failing to meet the demands of disaster emergency response. There is a pressing need for a swift detection of ETLs. In this study, we introduce an ETLs extraction method (MAST) combining morphological analysis edge recognition with a Swin-Transformer (SWT) deep learning model, which is specifically designed for landslide extraction. The MAST model adopts a hierarchical construction approach akin to convolution neural networks, aiding in tasks such as target detection and semantic segmentation. To enhance the accuracy of landslide edge extraction, we incorporate an edge recognition algorithm based on the morphological analysis into the MAST model. This algorithm leverages morphological operations to extract the features of landslide boundaries. It effectively addresses issues such as discretization and irregularization of the extracted landslide boundaries, leading to more precise delineation of landslide boundaries. Drawing on UAV data collected from Wan Dong Village, De Tou Town, Sichuan Luding, China, during the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding Earthquake, we conducted automated extraction of ETLs utilizing the MAST model. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the MAST model compared to the traditional full convolution neural network (FCN) model and normal SWT model. The MAST model exhibits enhanced value in landslide extraction. Notably, it demonstrates a significant advantage in boundary extraction. Employing the Boundary IoU metric to evaluate the accuracy of ETLs extraction, the MAST model outperforms the SWT and FCN models at various distances.

Background: Tumor genetic anomalies and immune dysregulation are pivotal in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Accurate patient stratification is essential for effective MM management, yet current models fail to comprehensively incorporate both molecular and immune profiles. Methods: We examined 776 samples from the MMRF CoMMpass database, employing univariate regression with LASSO and CIBERSORT algorithms to identify 15 p53-related genes and six immune cells with prognostic significance in MM. A p53-TIC (tumor-infiltrating immune cells) classifier was constructed by calculating scores using the bootstrap-multicox method, which was further validated externally (GSE136337) and through ten-fold internal cross-validation for its predictive reliability and robustness. Results: The p53-TIC classifier demonstrated excellent performance in predicting the prognosis in MM. Specifically, patients in the p53low/TIChigh subgroup had the most favorable prognosis and the lowest tumor mutational burden (TMB). Conversely, those in the p53high/TIClow subgroup, with the least favorable prognosis and the highest TMB, were predicted to have the best anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 response rate (40 %), which can be explained by their higher expression of PD1 and CTLA4. The three-year area under the curve (AUC) was 0.80 in the total sample. Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential of an integrated analysis of p53-associated genes and TIC in predicting prognosis and aiding clinical decision-making in MM patients. This finding underscores the significance of comprehending the intricate interplay between genetic abnormalities and immune dysfunction in MM. Further research into this area may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies.

With the continuous development of renewable energy, photovoltaic power stations show a trend of large-scale grid connection, but the disorderly development of photovoltaic grid connection induces the static voltage instability in photovoltaic grid-connected system. Firstly, an equivalent model of photovoltaic large-scale grid-connected system using the equivalent admittance of photovoltaics is constructed in this paper, and the impact of photovoltaic grid-connected system on static voltage stability is quantified as the impact of photovoltaic equivalent admittance on the eigenvalue of the admittance matrix. It is concluded that the decrease of the minimum eigenvalue of the admittance matrix reduces the static voltage stability of photovoltaic grid-connected system. Further an evaluation index for static voltage stability of photovoltaic grid-connected system based on eigenvalue-active power sensitivity is proposed. Considering the strong correlation between the admittance matrix and the network topology of photovoltaic grid-connected system, the influence of the network topology on static voltage stability is analyzed. Photovoltaic grid-connected schemes which can improve the static voltage stability are proposed from AC and DC perspectives, and it is concluded that changing the topology of the transmission network reasonably can improve the static voltage stability of photovoltaic grid-connected system. Finally, based on a IEEE 14-node system example, the eigenvalue index and the photovoltaic grid-connected scheme proposed in this paper is validated to ensure the static voltage stability of large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected systems and promote orderly grid connection of photovoltaic system.

Abstract Background To predict the microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with cHCC-ICC. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 119 patients who underwent CT enhancement scanning (from September 2006 to August 2022). They were divided into MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups. Results The proportion of patients with CEA elevation was higher in the MVI-positive group than in the MVI-negative group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02). The MVI-positive group had a higher rate of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase (P = 0.01) whereas the MVI-negative group had more oval and lobulated masses (P = 0.04). According to the multivariate analysis, the increase in CEA (OR = 10.15, 95% CI: 1.11, 92.48, p = 0.04), hepatic capsular withdrawal (OR = 4.55, 95% CI: 1.44, 14.34, p = 0.01) and peritumoral enhancement (OR = 6.34, 95% CI: 2.18, 18.40, p

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. In many countries, it ranks as the second most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system. Although treatment methods for MM have been continuously improved and the survival of patients has been dramatically prolonged, MM remains an incurable disease with a high probability of recurrence. As such, there are still many challenges to be addressed. One promising approach is single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which can elucidate the transcriptome heterogeneity of individual cells and reveal previously unknown cell types or states in complex tissues. In this review, we outlined the experimental workflow of scRNA-seq in MM, listed some commonly used scRNA-seq platforms and analytical tools. In addition, with the advent of scRNA-seq, many studies have made new progress in the key molecular mechanisms during MM clonal evolution, cell interactions and molecular regulation in the microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms in target therapy. We summarized the main findings and sequencing platforms for applying scRNA-seq to MM research and proposed broad directions for targeted therapies based on these findings.

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of resveratrol on rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods: The relevant studies on the intervention of resveratrol on rat models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and China Science and Technology Journal Database from the start of database establishment to January 2023. Data were extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results included electrocardiogram (ECG) and myocardial injury markers: ST changes, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); hemodynamic indicators: heart rate (HR), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax), maximum rate of decrease of left ventricular pressure (−dp/dtmax); oxidative damage indicators: nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA); inflammatory factors: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); apoptosis index: B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-Associated X (Bax), cardiomyocyte apoptosis index (AI); heart tissue structure: myocardial infarction size. Finally, a meta-analysis of these results was conducted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the SYRCLE Bias Risk tool.Results: A total of 43 studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the quality of the included studies was assessed. It was found that the evidence quality of these 43 studies was low, and no study was judged to have low risk bias in all risk assessments. The results showed that resveratrol could reduce ST segment, cTn-I, cTn-T, CK, CK-MB, LDH, LVEDP, ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, AI levels and myocardial infarction size. HR, LVDP, LVSP, +dp/dtmax, NO, Bcl-2, and SOD levels were increased. However, resveratrol had no significant effect on -dp/dtmax and Bax outcome measures.Conclusion: Resveratrol can reduce ST segment in rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, alleviate myocardial injury, improve ventricular systolic and diastolic ability in hemodynamics, reduce inflammatory response and oxidative damage, and reduce myocardial necrosis and apoptosis. Due to the low quality of the methodologies included in the studies, additional research is required.

BackgroundThe development of prenatal diagnosis technology allows prompt detection of severe fetal diseases. To address adverse factors that threaten fetal survival, fetal therapy came into existence, which aims to preserve the function after birth to a higher degree and improve the quality of life.ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of studies on fetal therapy in the past decade and explore the research trends and hotspots in this field.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search on the Web of Science Core Collection to retrieve studies related to fetal therapy published from 2012 to 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze the key features of studies, including annual output, countries/regions, institutions, authors, references, research hotspots, and frontiers.ResultsA total of 9,715 articles were included after eliminating duplicates. The annual distribution of the number of articles showed that the number of articles published in fetal therapy had increased in the past decade. Countries and institutions showed that fetal therapy is more mature in the United States. Author analysis showed the core investigators in the field. Keyword analysis showed the clustering and emergence frequency, which helped summarize the research results and frontier hotspots in this field. The cocited references were sorted out to determine the literature with a high ranking of fetal therapy in recent years, and the research trend in recent years was analyzed.ConclusionsThis study reveals that countries, institutions, and researchers should promote wider cooperation and establish multicenter research cooperation in fetal therapy research. Moreover, fetal therapy has been gradually explored from traditional surgical treatment to gene therapy and stem cell therapy. In recent years, fetoscopic laser surgery, guideline, and magnetic resonance imaging have become the research hotspots in the field.

Introduction: Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is frequently observed in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is a thorny issue that results in treatment failure. As adaptive responses for vemurafenib treatment, a series of cellular bypasses are response for the adaptive feedback reactivation of ERK signaling, which warrant further investigation. Objectives: We identified ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1) as a novel regulator of both vemurafenib resistance and cancer metastasis, its molecular mechanism and potential inhibitor were investigated in this study. Methods: DIA-based quantitative proteomics and RNA-seq were performed to systematic analyze the profiling of vemurafenib-resistant RKO cells (RKO-VR) and highly invasive RKO cells (RKO-I8), respectively. Co‑immunoprecipitation assay was performed to detect the interaction of ARF1 and IQGAP1 (IQ-domain GTPase activating protein 1). An ELISA-based drug screen system on FDA-approved drug library was established to screen the compounds against the interaction of ARF1-IQGAP1.The biological functions of ARF1 and LY2835219 were determined by transwell, western blotting, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and in vivo experimental metastasis assays. Results: We found that ARF1 strongly interacted with IQGAP1 to activate ERK signaling in VR and I8 CRC cells. Deletion of IQGAP1 or inactivation of ARF1 (ARF-T48S) restored the invasive ability induced by ARF1. As ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction is essential for ERK activation, we screened LY2835219 as novel inhibitor of ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction, which inactivated ERK signaling and suppressed CRC metastasis and vemurafenib-resistance in vitro and in vivo with no observed side effect. Furthermore, LY2835219 in combined treatment with vemurafenib exerted significantly inhibitory effect on ARF1-mediated cancer metastasis than used independently. Conclusion: This study uncovers that ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction-mediated ERK signaling reactivation is critical for vemurafenib resistance and cancer metastasis, and that LY2835219 is a promising therapeutic agent for CRC both as a single agent and in combination with vemurafenib.

A low vinyl polybutadiene (PB)-polyvinylpyridine （PVP） diblock copolymers (lvPB-b-PVP) with the same segment length of PB but different segment length of PVP and controllable molecular weight and its distribution was designed and synthesized using anionic polymerization method. The molecular structure of the polymer was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that the polydispersity index of the molecular weight was 1.09-1.21, where the mole fraction of vinyl was 10.4%-11.5%, number-average molecular weight of low vinyl PB was 5.0 kg/mol, number-average molecular weight of PVP was about 5-30 kg/mol, and number-average molecular weight of the block copolymer was 10-35 kg/mol. This polymer was expected to has certain potential application value in self-assembly. Because the hydrogen bonding ability of P 2 VP and P 4 VP in the polymer was significantly different, the retention time of gel permeation chromatography of lvPB-b-P 2 VP shortened with the increase of its molecular weight, while the retention time of lvPB-b-P 4 VP was constant and the same as that of PB precursor.

Background The reimbursement of outpatient services is an essential part of the reform of medical insurance payment methods. With the comprehensive promotion of the reform on the medical insurance payment methods for inpatient services in China, the reform on insurance payment methods for outpatient services, such as capitation-based reimbursement and ambulatory patient groups (APG) point method, will gradually be put on the agenda. Objective To explore a capitation-based reimbursement scheme for chronic diseases applicable to Beijing based on an analysis of capitation-based reimbursement implemented in different countries and regions and the current situation of chronic disease management in Beijing, to provide a reference for implementing the capitation-based reimbursement reform for chronic diseases in Beijing. Methods This study used information related to essential medical services, reimbursement by health insurance, and essential public health service funds in Beijing's C and H districts. Then through an analysis of the information, the calculation method for capitation-based reimbursement standard for four common chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke were selected in this study) applicable in the districts was designed to calculate the capitation-based reimbursement standard for major chronic diseases in primary outpatient clinics, providing a reference for promoting the capitation reform for chronic diseases in outpatient clinics. Results By analyzing the above-mentioned information in 2017—2019, the capitation-based reimbursement standard was 4 693.11 yuan/person for hypertension, 6 597.70 yuan/person for diabetes, 5 644.46 yuan/person for coronary heart disease, and 6 437.78 yuan/person for stroke in H district calculated using the bottom-up costing, and was 4 884.18 yuan/person for hypertension, 5 960.63 yuan/person for diabetes, 3 733.93 yuan/person for coronary heart disease, and 3 886.66 yuan/person for stroke in C district calculated using the top-down estimating. Conclusion In calculating the capitation-based reimbursement standard, as different chronic disease patient groups have different outpatient costs, considering the equity of medical insurance reimbursement and the rationality of capitation-based reimbursement, it is necessary to adjust the risk of the benchmark capitation, and develop personalized service packages for different types and severity of chronic diseases. In the promotion of capitation payment for chronic disease patients, it is necessary to provide personalized essential medical service and public health service packages for patients with different chronic diseases, further improve the chronic disease management capacity of community health institutions to improve the contracting rate and establish an effective incentive and assessment mechanism for general practitioners to rationally allocate capitation balance.

Background In China, the governance of public health by the public health committee, a grassroots mass autonomous organization, is a new approach managing public health services in primary care. Many regions are exploring governance models of public health by the public health committee, aiming to make it a key hub to realize the vertical connection and horizontal linkage grid management of grassroots communities. Objective To analyze the policy documents related to the construction of local public health committees of various regions in China using policy document analysis, so as to provide a reference for improving the primary-level public health governance system and governance capacity. Methods In March 2022, we searched policy documents related to the construction of public health committees on the official websites of the local governments and health commissions of eight sample regions (Beijing, Guangdong, Chongqing, Shandong, Anhui, Guizhou, Gansu, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) in which village (residential) public health committees have been constructed using "public health committee" as the key search term. Through literature review and policy document analysis, an analytical framework for the governance system of the public health committee was constructed. Nvivo 11 Plus was used for word frequency and coding analyses of the included policy literature. Results A total of 15 policy documents and 2 guidance manuals for the work of public health committees were ultimately included. Word frequency analysis showed that the five words, "hygiene" "public" "work" "committee" and "health", appeared most frequently, indicating that the selected policy literature conformed to the research theme. By using the analytical framework, the structural dimensions of the policy literature were determined, including four root nodes, namely, governance subjects, governance mechanisms, institutional guarantees, and capacity building, and 13 sub-nodes. There are 208 reference points for governance subjects, 48 reference points for governance mechanisms, 57 reference points for institutional guarantees, and 87 reference points for capacity building. Conclusion The local policy documents of the sample regions cover the contents of the four dimensions, but have different focuses. According to the framework in this study, further construction of the public health committee needs to set certain admission criteria with clear determination of rights and responsibilities for new committee members, establish an effective cooperation and communication mechanism, improve the system guarantee and provide financial and technical support.

Abstract Background Asthma exacerbations reduce the patient’s quality of life and are also responsible for significant disease burdens and economic costs. Machine learning (ML)-based prediction models have been increasingly developed to predict asthma exacerbations in recent years. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the prediction performance of ML-based prediction models for asthma exacerbations and address the uncertainty of whether modern ML methods could become an alternative option to predict asthma exacerbations. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for studies published up to December 15, 2022. Studies that applied ML methods to develop prediction models for asthma exacerbations among asthmatic patients older than five years and were published in English were eligible. The prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) was utilized to estimate the risk of bias and the applicability of included studies. Stata software (version 15.0) was used for the random effects meta-analysis of performance measures. Subgroup analyses stratified by ML methods, sample size, age groups, and outcome definitions were conducted. Results Eleven studies, including 23 prediction models, were identified. Most of the studies were published in recent three years. Logistic regression, boosting, and random forest were the most used ML methods. The most common important predictors were systemic steroid use, short-acting beta2-agonists, emergency department visit, age, and exacerbation history. The overall pooled area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 11 studies (23 prediction models) was 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83). Subgroup analysis based on different ML models showed that boosting method achieved the best performance, with an overall pooled AUROC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87). Conclusion This study identified that ML was the potential tool to achieve great performance in predicting asthma exacerbations. However, the methodology within these models was heterogeneous. Future studies should focus on improving the generalization ability and practicability, thus driving the application of these models in clinical practice.

With the rapid development and widespread implementation of all types of ophthalmic surgery, more attention is being paid to the quality of post-operative vision. Dry eye is a common complication after ophthalmic surgery, often causing eye discomfort, blurred vision and other dry eye symptoms. Ophthalmic surgery-related dry eye is a common type of dry eye and is usually caused by a combination of surgical injury to the conjunctival tissue and nerves, destabilisation of the tear film, postoperative inflammatory reaction and perioperative topical medication. This article reviews the risk factors for ophthalmic surgery-related dry eye, the pathogenesis of dry eye due to different ophthalmic surgeries and the prevention of this type of dry eye, with the aim of reducing the occurrence and development of ophthalmic surgery-related dry eye and improving the quality of vision and life after ophthalmic surgery in the clinical setting.

Landslides recurrently cause severe damage and, in some cases, the full disruption of many highways in mountainous areas, which can last from a few days to even months. Thus, there is a high demand for monitoring tools and precipitation data to support highway alignment selections before construction. In this study, we proposed a new system highway alignment selection method based on coherent scatter InSAR (CSI) and ~1 km high-spatial-resolution precipitation (HSRP) analysis. Prior to the CSI, we calculated and analyzed the feasibility of Sentinel-1A ascending and descending data. To illustrate the performance of the CSI, CSI and SBAS–InSAR were both utilized to monitor 80 slow-moving landslides, which were identified by optical remote-sensing interpretation and field investigation, along the Barkam–Kangting Highway Corridor (BKHC) in southwestern China, relying on 56 Sentinel-1A descending images from September 2019 to September 2021. The results reveal that CSI has clearer deformation signals and more measurement points (MPs) than SBAS-InSAR. And the maximum cumulative displacements and rates of the landslides reach −75 mm and −64 mm/year within the monitoring period (CSI results), respectively. Furthermore, the rates of the landslides near the Jinchuan River are higher than those of the landslides far from the river. Subsequently, to optimize the highway alignment selection, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of feature points on a typical landslide by combining the −1 km HSRP, which was calculated from the 30′ Climatic Research Unit (CRU) time-series datasets, with the climatology datasets of WorldClim using delta spatial downscaling. The analysis shows that the sliding rates of landslides augment from the back edge to the tongue because of fluvial erosion and that accelerated sliding is highly related to the intense precipitation between April and September each year (ASP). Consequently, three solution types were established in our method by setting thresholds for the deformation rates and ASPs of every landslide. Afterward, the risk-optimal alignment selection of the BKHC was finalized according to the solution types and consideration of the construction’s possible impacts. Ultimately, the major problems and challenges for our method were discussed, and conclusions were given.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an attractive thermal-control material exhibiting low thermal hysteresis and excellent temperature cycling performance. However, the deficiencies including weak spectral shift and narrow-band absorption during insulating-metallic transitions hinder its application in optoelectronics. The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can provide a promising solution with their high dielectric properties and robust optical coupling. Here, we report a MoS2/VO2/Au/Si metasurface and investigate the dynamic tunability of its optical absorbance and structural color upon heating via spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and numerical simulations. The first-principles calculations reveal that the dielectric absorptions of metallic and insulating VO2 oppositely response to temperature, closely related to the difference in the transitions of O-2p states. Finite-element simulations reveal that the introduction of MoS2 nanostructure induces more absorption peaks by 2∼3 and achieves strong absorption in the full wavelength range of visible light. The Fabry–Perot (F–P) resonance is the critical factor for the optimized optical absorption. The structural color is sensitive to environmental perturbations at high-ε state of VO2, lower oblique incidence angles, and heights of MoS2. This work seeks to facilitate the spectral modulation of phase change metamaterials and can be extended to photoelectric detection and temperature sensing applications.

The coefficient of permeability is an important index to evaluate the migration and diffusion of heavy metal polluted liquid in remodeled loess. At present, the existing studies have shown that there is a certain correlation among the pH value, the value of electrical conductivity, ion content and saturated coefficient of permeability of the polluted liquid, but the geochemical reaction mechanism during the infiltration process has not been clarified. Therefore, the Qp loess in the Bailuyuan area of Xi’an is collected, and the Cu2+ solution is selected as the infiltration solution to carry out the saturated infiltration test of the reshaped loess, and the geochemical inversion model based on the Netpath software is established. The results show that the saturated coefficient of permeability decreases significantly from the first day during the test, and has a larger decrease compared with the deionized test group, with a range of 5.57×10−5 cm/s. The ion source analysis proves that the geochemical reaction occurs, including mineral dissolution, precipitation and cation exchange. The geochemical inversion simulation results show that the presence of Cu2+ aggravates the mineral dissolution and produces a large amount of Ca2+, which promotes the leftward shift of the carbonate mineral dissolution balance, starting from the first day continual calcite and dolomite precipitation, and the precipitation amounts are 1.912 mmol and 0.958 mmol, respectively, which blocked the seepage pores and reduced the coefficient of permeability of the soil. The results are helpful in understanding the change of the saturated the permeability coefficient of the remodeled loess during the intrusion of heavy metal ions, and are of important theoretical significance for further clarifying the geochemical mechanism affecting the change of the permeability coefficient.

IntroductionCare Coordination (CC) is a significant intervention to enhance family’s capacity in caring for children with neurodevelopmental disability and medical complexity (NDD-MC). CC assists with integration of medical and behavioral care and services, partnerships with medical and community-based supports, and access to medical, behavioral, and educational supports and services. Although there is some consensus on the principles that characterize optimal CC for children with NDD-MC, challenges remain in measuring and quantifying the impacts of CC related to these principles. Two key challenges include: (1) identification of measures that capture CC impacts from the medical system, care provider, and family perspectives; and (2) recognition of the important community context outside of a hospital or clinical setting.MethodsThis study used a multilevel model variant of the triangulation mixed methods design to assess the impact of a CC project implemented in Alberta, Canada, on family quality of life, resource use, and care integration at the broader environmental and household levels. At the broader environmental level, we used linked administrative data. At the household level we used quantitative pre-post survey datasets, and aggregate findings from qualitative interviews to measure group-level impacts and an embedded multiple-case design to draw comparisons, capture the nuances of children with NDD-MC and their families, and expand on factors driving the high variability in outcome measures. Three theoretical propositions formed the basis of the analytical strategy for our case study evidence to explore factors affecting the high variability in outcome measures.DiscussionThis study expanded on the factors used to measure the outcomes of CC and adds to our understanding of how CC as an intervention impacts resource use, quality of life, and care integration of children with NDD-MC and their families. Given the heterogeneous nature of this population, evaluation studies that account for the variable and multi-level impacts of CC interventions are critical to inform practice, implementation, and policy of CC for children with NDD-MC.

Abstract A low‐complexity anti‐multipath interference spread spectrum communication system is proposed to address shortcomings in traditional anti‐multipath technology, such as complex structures and high resource consumption. The system utilizes a fast Fourier transform to capture pseudo‐noise code signals and simultaneously detect multipath signals. Moreover, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of each path signal is calculated, and the multipath signal is synthesized through the designed optimal SNR synthesis method to improve the SNR of the demodulated signal to reduce the bit error rate. MATLAB is used to perform functional simulations of the system to verify its feasibility. The simulation results show that the system can successfully detect and synthesize multipath signals and achieve lower communication error rates than traditional code division multiple access (CDMA) systems.

A terahertz metamaterial with multiple functions is proposed based on patterned graphene, concentric gold rings and gold columns, and vanadium dioxide (VO2). By adjusting the temperature of VO2, it can be in metal state or insulator state, and correspondingly the metamaterial can work as a dual-bandwidth polarization converter or a multi-bandwidth absorber. When the metamaterial acts as a polarization converter, by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, the converter can realize simultaneously x-polarized wave to y-polarized wave polarization conversion (CPC) and line-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion (PC). In addition, by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, the operating frequency and operating efficiency of the absorber and polarization converter can be dynamically tuned. By studying the electric field distribution and the surface current of the metamaterial, the physical mechanism of efficient absorption and dual-bandwidth polarization is explored. Moreover, the proposed multifunctional metamaterial is highly robust to incidence angle. It has potential applications in communication, spectroscopy, sensors, and physical detection.

Cf/SiC composites are considered as one of the most important candidates for aerospace thermal protection systems because of their low density, high specific strength, good thermal shock, oxidation and ablation resistance, and excellent high temperature strength retention. However, Cf/SiC composites are prone to oxidize at a temperature above 500 ℃ due to inevitable fabrication defects. So it is necessary to carry out effective oxidation protection for the composites. Oxidation resistant coating is an efficient technology to realize long-term oxidation protection. Based on harsh requirement of thermal protection systems, the research progress of anti-oxidation coatings for Cf/SiC composites was summarized, mainly focusing on the coating material systems and their preparation technologies. Improving the service temperature (≥1800 ℃) and bonding strength of the coatings is an important issue to be solved at present.The preparation of multi-functional coating with longer service time and higher service temperature, as well as oxidation resistance, water vapor corrosion resistance and even good heat insulation performance is an important direction for future development.

Based on literature analysis, this paper reviews the evolution path of Japan's food education policy and analyzes the content and purpose of the basic law of food education. Based on the perspectives of multiple objectives and multi-subject role division, the author summarizes the experience of Japan's food education policy promotion. Their experiences mainly include: clear division of labor between the central and local governments, central unification and respect for local autonomy. Food breeding roots from a young age; Diversified feeding action plans; Planning food education courses with characteristics.

In order to design and prepare hard coating for the flue gas turbine transition ring，and to ensure the long-term stable operation of the flue gas turbine，three kinds of Cr3C2-NiCr hard coatings were designed and prepared on the surface of 304L alloy substrate by detonation gun spraying process.By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD)，scanning electron microscope (SEM)，energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA)，microhardness tester，surface roughness tester，universal testing machine and contact angle measuring instrument，the microstructure of the coatings was analyzed and observed，and the hardness，porosity，bonding strength，roughness，thermal shock performance and surface free energy of the coatings were characterized respectively.Results showed that as the oxygen-fuel ratio increased，the hardness of the coating increased monotonously，and the porosity of the coating decreased first and then increased.When the oxygen-fuel ratio was 1.5，the quality of the as-prepared coating was the best，with a micro hardness of 810 HV3N，a porosity of 0.58%，a bonding strength of 72.1 MPa，a surface roughness of 4.78 μm and a surface free energy of 25.43 mJ/m2.After being kept at 800 ℃for 10 minutes and quenched with water at room temperature for 20 cycles，the coating had no warping，cracking or peelin.Besides，the oxygen-fuel ratio changed the surface free energy and its component in the coating，thus had an effect on the surface characteristics of the coating.

ObjectiveTo investigate the Alzheimer-associated neurofilament protein （AD7c-NTP） in urine of middle-aged and elderly people and its correlation between common metabolites.MethodsA total of 1 150 middle-aged and elderly people who did their physical exmanination in the health examination center of the Sichuan Science City Hospital and the Third Hopital of Mianyang were recruited from March 2017 to March 2020. The level of urine AD7c-NTP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and common metabolites in blood were measured by biochemical analyzer. Based on urine AD7c-NTP level ≤1.5 ng/mL， the objects was divided into normal group （n=956） and elevated group （n=194）. Thier demographic data and blood biochemical indicators were collected.ResultsThe urine AD7c-NTP level in middle-aged and elderly people was 0.60（0.30~1.20） ng/mL. The urine AD7c-NTP level was higher in women than that in men ［1.04（0.40~1.30） ng/mL vs. 0.84（0.30~1.00） ng/mL， Z=4.202， P˂0.01］. And the urine AD7c-NTP level was lower in the normal group than that in the elevated group ［0.50（0.30~0.90） ng/mL vs. 2.10（1.70~2.10） ng/mL， Z=22.035， P˂0.01］. The results of the univariate comparison showed that， the differences between the two groups in age （Z=6.545）， fasting glucose （Z=3.506）， blood uric acid （Z=2.574）， urea nitrogen （Z=2.891）， creatinine （Z=2.243）， total bilirubin （Z=3.936）， glutathione （Z=0.969）， total cholesterol （t=3.956） and low density lipoprotein （Z=-5.678） were were statistically significant （P˂0.05 or 0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that， the urine AD7c-NTP level was positively correlated with age and the levels of urea nitrogen， glucose， total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein （r=0.177， 0.178， 0.171， 0.109， 0.149， P˂0.01）， and negatively correlated with the level of total bilirubin （r=-0.172， P˂0.01）.Conclusionthe urine AD7c-NTP level in middle-aged and elderly females was signifitcantly higher than in middle-aged and elderly males.The urine AD7c-NTP level of middle-aged and elderly people was positively correlated with age， urea nitrogen， glucose， total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein， and negatively correlated with total bilirubin.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and potential molecular mechanism of fucoidan on alcoholic liver injury. Methods: A mouse model of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was established using 50% (V/V) alcohol, and then administered with 300 mg/kg mb of fucoidan. Liver histomorphological changes were compared in the control, ALD and fucoidan intervention groups, and the levels of serum aminotransferase, serum lipids, and inflammatory factors, the proportion of T helper (Th) cells including Th1, Th2 and Th17, and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) were detected to explore the mechanism by which fucoidan can improve alcoholic liver injury. Results: Fucoidan could improve the pathological changes of liver tissue, reduce the levels of serum alanine (aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) and blood lipids (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total bile acid (TBA)) (P < 0.05), and decrease the levels of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and the proportion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, it could down-regulate the expression of autophagy-related protein p62, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and ribosomal protein 70S6 kinase (p70S6K) (P < 0.05), promote the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) (P < 0.05), and up-regulate the expression of LC3B II protein and LC3B fluorescent protein (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Fucoidan can alleviate lipotoxicity and inflammatory injury in the liver of ALD mice, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of autophagy.

Sodium butyrate (SB), an essential nutritional additive for livestock, has drawn notable interest for its potential for enhancing microbiota development in ruminant animals. This study aimed to assess SB’s effects on ruminal and intestinal microbiota when added to milk for preweaning dairy calves nearing 45 days old. We administered SB in the calves’ milk at four levels: 0 g/d (control), 4.4 g/d (low), 8.8 g/d (medium), and 17.6 g/d (high). After a six-week trial with ten replicates per group, ruminal fluid and fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing, specifically targeting the V3–V4 regions to analyze microbiota. The results indicated an enhancement in ruminal microbiota, particularly in community richness, with low-level SB supplementation but minimal benefits from medium and high levels of supplementation. Increasing the level of SB supplementation had a negative impact on intestinal microbiota, affecting community richness and some potentially beneficial bacterial genera. However, low SB supplementation could positively adjust the communication between ruminal and intestinal microbiota. Overall, this study suggests feeding milk supplemented with a low level of SB to suckling calves close to an older age to promote ruminal microbiota development.

In order to achieve the high-value utilization of heavy tar for the production of enhanced-performance graphite foam carbon, the carbon mesophase was ready from the heavy component of low-temperature coal tar, and the coal tar was modified by styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymers. The order degree of the carbonite mesophase was analyzed using a polarizing microscope test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to screen out the most suitable copolymer type and addition amount. Furthermore, the mechanism of modification by this copolymer was analyzed. The results showed that adding SBS, PE and EVA to coal tar would affect the order of carbonaceous mesophase; however, at an addition rate of 10.0 wt.%, the linear-structure SBS copolymer with a styrene/butadiene ratio (S/B) of 30/70 exhibited the optimal degree of ordering in the carbonaceous mesophase. Its foam carbon prepared by polymer modification is the only one that forms a graphitized structure, with d002 of 0.3430 nm, and the maximum values of Lc and La are 3.54 nm and 2.22 nm, respectively. This is because, under elevated pressure and high-temperature conditions, SBS underwent chain scission, releasing a more significant number of methyl and other free radicals that interacted with the coal tar constituents. As a result, it reduced the affinity density of heavy coal tar molecules, enhanced fluidity, promoted the stacking of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and increased the content of soluble carbonaceous mesophase, ultimately leading to a more favorable alignment of the carbonaceous mesophase.

The China initiative Accelerator-Driven subcritical System (CiADS) project aims to design and build the world’s first accelerator-driven subcritical system demonstration facility. The facility will attain 2.5 MW thermal power in 2026 to realize accelerator-target-reactor coupling experiments. As the first approved accelerator-driven subcritical system facility, the CiADS driver linac will adopt cutting-edge accelerator technologies to achieve the challenging goals of high beam power and high reliability. The accelerator will operate in cw mode to produce a 500 MeV, 5 mA proton beam. To meet the extremely high demands on beam availability, the linac design lays strong emphasis on beam loss control and increased fault tolerance via a novel fault-compensation method. The accelerator complex consists of a room temperature front-end section, a main linac that employs superconducting accelerator technologies, and a high-energy beam transport line. The beam-loss-oriented beam dynamics design of the driver linac complex is presented in the paper.

BackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders have a high risk of sleep disturbances, with insomnia being the most common sleep disorder (ie, chronic and frequent difficulties with going and staying asleep). Insomnia adversely affects the well-being of these children and their caregivers. Pediatric sleep experts recommend behavioral interventions as the first-line treatment option for children. Better Nights, Better Days for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (BNBD-NDD) is a 5-session eHealth behavioral intervention delivered to parents to improve outcomes (eg, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]) for their children (ages 4-12 years) with insomnia and who have a diagnosis of mild to moderate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. If cost-effective, BNBD-NDD can be a scalable intervention that provides value to an underserved population. ObjectiveThis protocol outlines an economic evaluation conducted alongside the BNBD-NDD randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to assess its costs, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness compared to usual care. MethodsThe BNBD-NDD RCT evaluates the impacts of the intervention on children’s sleep and quality of life, as well as parents’ daytime functioning and psychosocial health. Parent participants were randomized to the BNBD-NDD treatment or to usual care. The economic evaluation assesses outcomes at baseline and 8 months later, which include the PedsQL as the primary measure. Quality of life outcomes facilitate the comparison of competing interventions across different populations and medical conditions. Cost items include the BNBD-NDD intervention and parent-reported usage of private and publicly funded resources for their children’s insomnia. The economic evaluation involves a reference case cost-effectiveness analysis to examine the incremental cost of BNBD-NDD per units gained in the PedsQL from the family payer perspective and a cost-consequence analysis from a societal perspective. These analyses will be conducted over an 8-month time horizon. ResultsResearch funding was obtained from the Kids Brain Health Network in 2015. Ethics were approved by the IWK Health Research Ethics Board and the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board in January 2019 and June 2022, respectively. The BNBD-NDD RCT data collection commenced in June 2019 and ended in April 2022. The RCT data are currently being analyzed, and data relevant to the economic analysis will be analyzed concurrently. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this will be the first economic evaluation of an eHealth intervention for insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This evaluation’s findings can inform users and stakeholders regarding the costs and benefits of BNBD-NDD. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrial.gov NCT02694003; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02694003 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/46735

Free-living Symbiodinium, which forms symbiotic relationships with many marine invertebrates, plays an important role in the vast ocean. Nutrient levels have been shown to significantly impact microbial community structure and regulate algal communities. In this study, the bacterial community structure within the phycosphere of free-living Symbiodinium underwent significant changes in response to nutrient stimulation. Alteromonas exhibited dominance in Zobell 2216E broth nutrient stimulation concomitant with the demise of algal cells. Alteromonas abrolhosensis JY-JZ1, a marine bacterium isolated from the phycosphere of Symbiodinium, demonstrated an algicidal effect on Symbiodinium cells. Optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the algal cell membrane structure was disrupted, leading to intracellular leakage. Strain JY-JZ1 exerted its cytotoxicity by producing and secreting bioactive compounds into the supernatant. The marked declines in the chlorophyll a content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the electron transport rate (rETR) indicated that the photosynthetic system of Symbiodinium was damaged by JY-JZ1 supernatant. The observed elevation in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) content suggested that the algal cells experienced oxidative stress. Moreover, the supernatant exhibited remarkable adaptability to temperature and pH. Additionally, it displayed exceptional algicidal efficacy against various harmful algae species. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first successful isolation of an algicidal bacterial strain from the phycosphere of free-living Symbiodinium and subsequent investigation into its mechanism for controlling Symbiodinium growth, thereby providing novel insights into algae-bacteria interactions. The remarkable algicidal efficacy exhibited by strain JY-JZ1 against other harmful algae species suggests its significant potential for harmful algal blooms (HABs) control.

Recently, we demonstrated that supplementing (with 3 mg Se per day) the diets of growing beef steers grazing on Se-deficient toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue-based forage with either organic Se (OSe, SEL-PLEX) or a 1:1 blend (MIX) of OSe and inorganic Se (ISe, sodium selenite) in vitamin–mineral mixes, rather than inorganic forms of Se, ameliorated several classic serum symptoms of fescue toxicosis. Importantly, higher levels of hepatic glutamine synthetase activity were observed in MIX and OSe steers. Accordingly, transcriptome level and targeted mRNA expression analyses were conducted on the same liver tissue to determine if Se treatments affected other hepatic metabolic pathways, especially those that are responsible for supplying substrates of glutamine synthetase. The effect of ISe, OSe, and MIX treatments (n = 8/treatment) on the relative abundances of mRNA [determined using microarray and real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR)] and protein (determined using Western blotting) in liver tissue was assessed by ANOVA. Fisher’s protected LSD procedure was used to separate treatment means, with significance being declared at p ≤ 0.05. Microarray analysis identified (p< 0.01, false discovery rate of< 33%) 573 annotated differentially expressed gene (DEG) transcripts. Canonical pathway analysis identified the DEGs that are central to glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis/degradation and proline biosynthesis. Targeted RT-PCR analyses found that MIX and OSe steers had lower periportal ammonia-assimilation and urea-synthesizing capacities (lower glutaminase 2, key ornithine cycle enzymes, and mitochondrial ornithine/citrulline exchanger mRNA) than ISe steers. In addition, MIX and OSe steers had a higher capacity for pericentral ammonia assimilation (higher glutamine synthetase activity) and a higher capacity for the production of glutamate in pericentral hepatocytes from α-ketoglutarate (higher levels of glutamine dehydrogenase, and decreased levels of arginase 2 and ornithine aminotransferase and mRNA). The form of supplemental Se also affected steers’ capacity for hepatic proline metabolism, with OSe steers having a higher capacity for proline synthesis and MIX steers having a higher capacity for pyroline-5-carboxylate synthesis. In conclusion, supplementing the diets of growing beef steers grazing on toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue with MIX and OSe in vitamin–mineral mixes, rather than with inorganic forms of Se, shifts hepatic ammonia assimilation from periportal urea production to pericentral glutamine production, thus potentially increasing whole-animal N efficiency by increasing the supply of hepatic-synthesized glutamine.

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a rapid spreading organic pollutant that widely used in many industries especially as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. BPA reported as a prominent endocrine disruptor compound that possesses estrogenic activity and fulminant toxicity. Pseudomonas putida YC-AE1 was isolated in our previous study and exerted a strong degradation capacity toward BPA at high concentrations; however, the molecular degradation mechanism is still enigmatic. Results We employed RNA sequencing to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the YC-AE1 strain upon BPA induction. Out of 1229 differentially expressed genes, 725 genes were positively regulated, and 504 genes were down-regulated. The pathways of microbial metabolism in diverse environments were significantly enriched among DEGs based on KEGG enrichment analysis. qRT-PCR confirm the involvement of BPA degradation relevant genes in accordance with RNA Seq data. The degradation pathway of BPA in YC-AE1 was proposed with specific enzymes and encoded genes. The role of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in BPA degradation was further verified. Sever decrease in BPA degradation was recorded by YC-AE1 in the presence of CYP450 inhibitor. Subsequently, CYP450bisdB deficient YC-AE1 strain △ bisdB lost its ability toward BPA transformation comparing with the wild type. Furthermore, Transformation of E. coli with pET-32a-bisdAB empowers it to degrade 66 mg l−1 of BPA after 24 h. Altogether, the results showed the role of CYP450 in biodegradation of BPA by YC-AE1. Conclusion In this study we propose the molecular basis and the potential role of YC-AE1cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in BPA catabolism.

Abstract Fracture is one of the most common and unexpected traumas. If not treated in time, it may cause serious consequences such as joint stiffness, traumatic arthritis, and nerve injury. Using computer vision technology to detect fractures can reduce the workload and misdiagnosis of fractures and also improve the fracture detection speed. However, there are still some problems in sternum fracture detection, such as the low detection rate of small and occult fractures. In this work, the authors have constructed a dataset with 1227 labelled X‐ray images for sternum fracture detection. The authors designed a fully automatic fracture detection model based on a deep convolution neural network (CNN). The authors used cascade R‐CNN, attention mechanism, and atrous convolution to optimise the detection of small fractures in a large X‐ray image with big local variations. The authors compared the detection results of YOLOv5 model, cascade R‐CNN and other state‐of‐the‐art models. The authors found that the convolution neural network based on cascade and attention mechanism models has a better detection effect and arrives at an mAP of 0.71, which is much better than using the YOLOv5 model (mAP = 0.44) and cascade R‐CNN (mAP = 0.55).

Two experiments (Exps.) were conducted to examine the interactions among methane inhibitors on 24 h in vitro methane production using monensin (MON), fumaric acid (FA), and bromochloromethane (BCM). Donor goats and in vitro fermentation incubations were both treated with a 50:50 concentrate:forage diet (DM basis). In Exp. 1, MON (0, 60, or 120 mg/kg DM) and FA (0, 3.44, or 6.89 mM) were used to examine their two-way interaction, and no interaction was found on methane production (P > 0.05). In Exp. 2, MON (0 or 60 mg/kg DM), FA (0 or 6.89 mM), and BCM (0 or 3.08 μM) were used to examine their three-way interaction, and no three-way interaction was observed (P > 0.05). The correlation was significant under the MON and FA treatments without BCM (r = 0.55, P

Objective To explore the characteristics and the cause of variance of pharmacokinetics (PK) of docetaxel (DTX) in patients with solid tumors. Methods Between January 1 of 2018 and December 31 of 2020, 374 patients at two research centers—oncology, breast and thyroid surgery, thoracic surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and oncology, breast and thyroid surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital—provided a total of 772 docetaxel plasma samples. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine docetaxel plasma concentrations. Nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) software was used to establish the population phar macokinetics(PPK) model. Using bootstrap and visual predictive check(VPC) for internal validation of the model. Results The current study established a three-compartment PPK model with first-order elimination of docetaxel in patients with solid tumors. DTX blood concentrations ranged from 3.53 ng/mL to 2 491 ng/mL, with a median of 175.5 ng/mL. Albumin (ALB) was identified as a covariate significantly affecting the clearance(CL) of docetaxel, and creatinine(CREA) was a covariate significantly affecting Q3. The model-estimated CL, V2, Q2, and Q3 of docetaxel were 57.2 L/h, 11.8 L, 14.1 L/h, and 8.63 L/h, respectively. Conclusion A three-compartment PPK model with multicenter data is established in patients with solid tumors. ALB is the main factor affecting CL variation. The internal validation results show that the model is stable and reliable.

Power system network is one of the important targets of cyber attack.In order to ensure the safe operation of power system,network managers need to evaluate the network security risk.Usually,existing network security risk assessment framework only aims at a single scenario,and can not find the strategic attackers who use a variety of low-risk methods to achieve high-risk threat targets from large quantities of network security alerts.In order to meet the above challenges,this paper proposes a network security risk assessment method based on tactical correlation.In this method,the warning information generated on va-rious network security detection devices when an attacker implements a multi-step attack is associated to form an attack chain,and the security risk of the organization intranet is evaluated by calculating the threat,vulnerability,impact score of each node in the attack chain and the risk score of the whole attack chain.In order to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method,this paper selects a representative example to illustrate the specific implementation process of the proposed method for network security risk assessment in the organizational intranet.The example shows that the network security risk assessment framework based on the tactical association can correctly assess the harm of multi-step attack caused by low-risk alarm association to achieve high-risk targets,and is more robust than the traditional single scenario analysis method,which can better provide decision-making basis for organization decision-makers in network security risk management.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. In Asia, liver cancer often develops on a background of cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis. The procedure of hepatitis, cirrhotic nodules, dysplastic nodules, and then hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver cancer evolutionary process. Judging the stage of hepatic nodules in the evolution process and taking intervention measures are critical for reducing the incidence of liver cancer. In this paper, a more accurate support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm, LFOA-F-SVM, was proposed for radiomics to classify hepatic nodules from 120 patients into four categories based on dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance images. The algorithm uses radius-margin-based F-SVM, and combines the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) of Levy flight (LF) strategy to optimize the parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the method, five UCI classification data sets (hearts, Parkinson’s disease, iris, wine and zoo) were added and compared with SVM, PSO-SVM, FOA-SVM, F-SVM. The results showed that LFOA-F-SVM has the highest classification accuracy in six data sets compared to the other methods. And in the hepatic nodules data set, the classification precision and recall are relatively high.

AIM:To investigate the influence of K-115 on the proliferation and migration of human Tenon's fibroblasts(HTFs)and to access the possible mechanism. Furthermore, to provide new ideas for anti-scar treatment after glaucoma surgery.METHODS: The Tenon capsule tissues were collected from patients who underwent glaucoma surgery in Hebei General Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019. Primary culture of HTFs was performed by tissue block method. The transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)was used to induce HTFs activation that can mimic glaucoma filtration surgery. The cells were treated with K-115 and divided into 4 groups: the control group was treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO); TGF-β1 group was treated with 10μg/L TGF-β1 for 24h; TGF-β1 +5 K-115 group was pretreated with 5μmol/L K-115 for 2h and then treated with 10μg/L TGF-β1 for 24h; TGF-β1+10 K-115 group was pretreated with 10μmol/L K-115 for 2h and then 10μg/L TGF-β1 was added for 24h. Cell proliferation was observed by cell proliferation experiment. The migration ability of cells was detected by scratch test. The formation of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was visualized by Hoechst 33342/PI staining.RESULTS: Cell proliferation experiment revealed that K-115 could inhibit the proliferation of HTFs induced by TGF-β1. Scratch test suggested that K-115 could inhibit the migration of HTFs induced by TGF-β1. Transmission electron microscope results showed that K-115 could enhance autophagy of HTFs induced by TGF-β1. Hoechst 33342/PI staining suggested that K-115 did not induce apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS: K-115 may regulate the proliferation and migration of HTFs induced by TGF-β1 by increasing autophagy rather than inducing apoptosis.

Introduction and hypothesisAnal incontinence (AI) is a prevalent postpartum disorder. This study aims to investigate and quantify the risk factors for AI in the Chinese population during the first year following vaginal delivery.MethodsThe case control study was conducted at Peking University Third Hospital, including all women who delivered vaginally between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2018. Participants were followed up by telephone interviews 1 year after delivery. AI was defined as the involuntary loss of flatus or feces using a retrospective Jorge and Wexner score above 0. Clinical data were retrieved from the medical record system. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify potential risk factors accounting for AI. Based on the logistic regression model, a nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of AI postpartum. Restricted cubic spline was utilized to explore potential non-linear relationships between birth weight and AI postpartum.ResultsAmong the 140 AI and 421 none AI cases, we observed antepartum factors like every 100 g of birth weight gain (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30–1.49), while intrapartum factors like forceps-assisted vaginal delivery (OR 7.11, 95% CI 2.60–19.45), midline episiotomy (OR 13.11, 95% CI 1.71–100.89), second-degree perineal tear (OR 6.51, 95% CI 1.16–36.68), and third to fourth-degree perineal tear were independent risk factors for postpartum AI. Significantly, infant weighing over 3,400 g at birth increased the risk of AI postpartum. Based on logistic regression model, we constructed a nomogram to estimate the risk of AI 1 year after vaginal delivery.ConclusionOur findings indicated that during the first year following vaginal delivery, infant with birth weight of 3,400 g or more, forceps-assisted vaginal delivery, midline episiotomy, and second to fourth-degree perineal tear increased the risk of AI. As a result, it is essential to limit the routine use of forceps and midline episiotomy and to monitor fetal weight during prenatal care.

Objective: Reduce the manufacturing cost of automated mango grading equipment. Methods: The effects of three commonly detection algorithms for mango defect detection were compared, and a defect detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 for mango surface was proposed for the light weight design to work on mobile devices. Results: Compared with the original algorithm, the experimental algorithm can reduce the number of parameters by 45.9%, the number of floating point operations by 46.7%, and the weight file size by 45.2% under the premise of meeting the requirements for mango surface defect detection. Conclusion: the experimental algorithm effectively reduces the performance requirements for deployment equipment, and has potential value in reducing the manufacturing cost of mango grading detection equipment.

The quinoline-insoluble (QI) matter in coal tar and coal tar pitch is an important factor affecting the properties of subsequent carbon materials. In this paper, catalytic polycondensation was used to remove QI from heavy coal tar, and meso-carbon microbeads could be formed during the purification process. The results showed that AlCl3 had superior catalytic performance to CuCl2, and the content of QI and heavy components, including pitch, in the coal tar was lower after AlCl3 catalytic polycondensation. Under the condition of catalytic polycondensation (AlCl3 0.9 g, temperature 200 °C, and time 9 h), AlCl3 could reduce the QI content in heavy coal tar. The formed small particles could be filtered and removed, and good carbon materials could be obtained under the condition of catalytic polycondensation (AlCl3 0.9 g, temperature 260 °C, and time 3 h).

La réunion client-fournisseur est une rencontre d’affaires ; du fait du caractère répétitif des tâches professionnelles, les interventions de chacun des participants sont bien identifiées. Cette étude compare les corpus naturels de quatre réunions client-fournisseur en face à face - deux se déroulent en France (en français) et deux à Taïwan (en chinois mandarin) -, afin de comprendre les styles de négociation propres à chaque communauté discursive. Un conflit d’intérêt déclenche une négociation dont l’objectif est la conclusion d’un accord entre les parties. Les éléments verbaux, paraverbaux et corporels émis par l’acteur dans un contexte spécifique dessinent ainsi son attitude par rapport à son énoncé et/ou à son interlocuteur : coopération, résistance ou réticence. Nous examinons les séquences - les thèmes d’affaires, les phénomènes conversationnels, les actes de langage - construites simultanément par les interactants : l’accord, les désaccords explicites et implicites, les demandes, ainsi que la séquence de négociation conversationnelle.

The environmental and health impacts from the massive discharge of chemicals and subsequent pollution have been gaining increasing public concern. The unintended exposure to different pollutants, such as heavy metals, air pollutants and organic chemicals, may cause diverse deleterious effects on human bodies, resulting in the incidence and progression of different diseases. The article reviewed the outbreak of environmental pollution-related public health emergencies, the epidemiological evidence on certain pollution-correlated health effects, and the pathological studies on specific pollutant exposure. By recalling the notable historical life-threatening disasters incurred by local chemical pollution, the damning evidence was presented to criminate certain pollutants as the main culprit for the given health issues. The epidemiological data on the prevalence of some common diseases revealed a variety of environmental pollutants to blame, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fine particulate matters (PMs) and heavy metals. The retrospection of toxicological studies provided illustrative clues for evaluating ambient pollutant-induced health risks. Overall, environmental pollution, as the hidden culprit, should answer for the increasing public health burden, and more efforts are highly encouraged to strive to explore the cause-and-effect relationships through extensive epidemiological and pathological studies.

In order to overcome the difficulties that current attack graph model cannot reflect real-time network attack events,a method is proposed including a forward risk probability update algorithm and a forward-backward combined risk probability update algorithm,which meets the needs of real-time analyzing network security.It first performs specific quantitative analysis on the uncertainty of each node in the graph,and uses Bayesian networks to calculate their static probabilities.After that,it updates the dynamic probability of each node along the forward and backward paths according to the real-time network security events,instantly reflecting the changes of external conditions and assessing real-time risk levels across the network.Experimental results show that the method can calibrate and adjust the risk probability of each node according to the actual situation,which helps the network operator correctly understand the dangerous levels of the network and make better decision for defense and prevention of the next attack.

Objective To investigate the biological function of RNA binding protein polycytosine-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) in the maintenance of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and to explore the new mechanism of regulating hESC pluripotency. Methods PCBP1 knockdown technology was used to detect the clonogenicity. The alkaline phosphatase staining profile and the expression of pluripotency/differentiation marker genes were detected by qPCR. Meanwhile, the nucleus and cytoplasm of hESC were isolated for RNA sequencing, and the nucleoplasmic changes of RNA generated by PCBP1 knockdown were analyzed by multi-level analysis. Results PCBP1 knockdown significantly inhibited clonogenesis of human embryonic stem cells (P＜0.01) and reduced the RNA level of pluripotency related genes (P＜0.01). The expression of differentiation related genes increased(P＜0.01)that significantly affected the overall nucleoplasmic distribution of RNA in hESC and the nucleoplasmic distribution of mRNA related to embryonic development and cell differentiation. Conclusions PCBP1 regulates hESC pluripotency by regulating the expression of pluripotency/differentiation marker genes and the nucleoplasmic localization of mRNA.

Objective To investigate the effect of deletion of Sirtuin type 1(Sirt1) gene on liver inflammation of mice and its mechanism. Methods The body weight of C57BL/6J male mice and liver specific Sirt1 deficiency (Sirt1-LKO) male mice were recorded weekly. The sensitivity of inflammatory response was tested by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg LPS. The survival curve was used to reflect the sensitivity of mice to inflammatory response.The expression of inflammatory factors was detected by Western blot and q-PCR. Results Compared with control wild type mice, Sirt1-LKO mice showed significantly reduced body weight (P＜0.05). In addition, The survival curve was shown by kaplane Meier diagram,Sirt1-LKO mice showed lower sensitivity to LPS (P＜0.05).The protein level of NF-κB in primary liver cells of Sirt1-LKO mice was increased (P＜0.05),Tnfα and IL6 of NF-κB downstream target genes were up-regulated(P＜0.05). Conclusions Hepatocyte-specific Sirt1 deletion aggravates liver inflammation response in mouse model.