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As a result of the critical analysis of the taxonomy of the genus Anemone L. during a lot of years, we accepted this genus as includes 16 subgenera, 18 sections, 5 subsections, 27 series and 118 species. Within the genus Anemone we firstly proposed 7 genus, 1 subgenus, 2 section, and 13 series, and we re-examined the status of about 30 species and intraspecific taxa. We presented here the annotated conspect of the genus Anemone.

Here we re-examined the literature on the genus Anemone L. taxonomy as the largest and most complicated within the family Ranunculaceae Juss. because its state, species content and intergeneric structure (dividing on sections and other taxa) were debatable during a lot of years. As a result of our critical examination of the characters being in use for Anemone taxonomy (approximately 25 ones) and the own analyse of ca. 70 characters of fruits, flowers, leaves, aboveground and underground shoots and roots, we selected the characters the most essential for the taxonomy of the genus Anemone which we revised in the next parts of our manuscript.