Search

Person-Environment Fit (P-E Fit) theory is an important concept for studying the complex relationships between people and the environment and for explaining individual behaviors. Recent research regarding the built environment typically focuses on P-E Fit to achieve a harmonious relationship between people and their surroundings. However, comprehensive knowledge of this research topic is insufficient for practical applications and future developments. This paper adopts a scoping review method to summarize the bibliometric features and the core components (i.e. person, environment, fit, and outcomes) regarding P-E Fit theory in the context of built environments, and discusses several existing knowledge gaps: the narrow scope of the topics, the unclear mechanism, and the lack of proactive and dynamic views. Finally, a new P-E Fit model is developed, and its strengths for sustainable improvement of the built environment are discussed. This review deepens the understanding of the literature, refines the theoretical framework, and provides researchers, designers, and policymakers with tools for developing research programs and practices for providing people-centered built environments from a P-E Fit perspective.

ABSTRACTThe Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Multipath Reflection (MR) technique utilises the multipath effects of GNSS signals on the sea surface to retrieve tidal variations, playing a crucial role in tidal monitoring. However, traditional GNSS-MR techniques have certain limitations in terms of accuracy and stability due to restrictions in satellite elevation angles and antenna heights. This study proposes a new GNSS-MR sea surface height retrieval method that combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimised Support Vector Machine (SVM) with improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN). The method utilises the GNSS multipath interfering signal frequencies (signal-to-noise oscillation term) extracted by ICEEMDAN as input features to the PSO-SVM model to retrieve the sea level height. Using one year of signal-to-noise ratio data from GNSS stations SC02 and TPW2, the stability and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated under conditions of high satellite elevation angles and without precise GNSS antenna height information. Experimental results demonstrate that the PSO-SVM-ICEEMDAN method is superior to other existing methods in aspects of retrieval stabilities, root mean square errors, consistent tidal patterns, and so on.

Although the uniformity of diamond discrete global grid is essential for calculations and searches, geometric deformations increase with the level of divisions. The Goodchild Criteria provides a basis for evaluating the quality of the global grid. However, some indicators in the criteria are redundant and contradictory, and the existing indicator system has limitations. Directly using the indicator system may render the evaluation of the diamond grid unreliable. In this study, we summarized the evaluation indicators for grid quality based on the Goodchild Criteria, calculated the correlations between these indicators using different diamond grid systems, and constructed reliable evaluation systems based on similarities and differences. The selected grid systems are classified into two groups: non-equal-area and equal-area grids. Their quality evaluation systems are composed of Size-Shape-Topology Factor and Geometry-Topology Factor, respectively. The proposed quality evaluation systems utilize a minimal number of indicators selected from each factor to provide a comprehensive description of the diamond grid’s characteristics. This approach simplifies the complexity of the evaluations while improving their reliability and credibility.

The spontaneous transformation of traditional residential space is one of the important phenomena in urban development in China, which is generally considered as a disorderly, random, and individual spatial product derived from current life. However, are these transformations really random individual phenomena? With traditional residential dwellings of Sanyi Street in Jingzhou as research objects, this study revealed the inherited characteristics of the concept system of “Bright-Dark” in the process of contemporary transformation of traditional residential dwellings. Typical residential dwellings were selected for surveying and mapping and the expression of the “Bright-Dark” concept system in the current transformed residential space compared with traditional residential space patterns. The results demonstrated the traditional concept system (“Bright-Dark”) of residential space still exerts its spatial control function in the seemingly random transformation of contemporary dwellings. In addition, the study provided new perspectives and methods for understanding contemporary transformation of traditional dwellings from the perspective of the concept system of “Bright-Dark”.

Safety evaluation is crucial for the mass deployment of highly automated vehicles (HAVs). This paper presents a procedure for conducting behavior competence testing for HAVs. First, we describe an efficient test case generation scheme for cut-in and unprotected left turn scenario. We then design the algorithm for synchronizing the primary other vehicle with the vehicle under test based on optimal control. Then, scoring criteria for quantifying HAV performances is presented. Finally, we implement the testing procedure in both simulations and real world. Accurate and repeatable testing is achieved, and quantitative evaluation results are acquired for a baseline HAV.

Ferroelectric, phase-change, and magnetic materials are considered promising candidates for advanced memory devices. Under the development dilemma of traditional silicon-based memory devices, ferroelectric materials stand out due to their unique polarization properties and diverse manufacturing techniques. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of ferroelectricity, scandium-doped aluminum nitride, which is a different wurtzite structure, was reported to be ferroelectric with a larger coercive, remanent polarization, curie temperature, and a more stable ferroelectric phase. The inherent advantages have attracted widespread attention, promising better performance when used as data storage materials and better meeting the needs of the development of the information age. In this paper, we start from the characteristics and development history of ferroelectric materials, mainly focusing on the characteristics, preparation, and applications in memory devices of ferroelectric wurtzite AlScN. It compares and analyzes the unique advantages of AlScN-based memory devices, aiming to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of advanced memory devices in the future.

Crown ethers are famous for the highly selectively grab Sr(II) from concentrated nitric acid solution due to the size match, but they suffer from the high leakage into the liquid phase caused by the presence of a large number of hydrophilic groups. To reduce their leakage, two novel porous silica-based adsorbents, (DtBuCH18C6 + Dodec)/SiAaC-g-ABSA and (DtBuCH18C6 + Dodec)/SiAaC-g-3-ABSA, were prepared by vacuum impregnation with organic contents of about 55.9 wt.% and 56.1 wt.%, respectively. The two adsorbents have good reusability and structural stability, and the total organic carbon leakage rates in 2 M HNO3 solution are lower than 0.56 wt.% and 0.29 wt.%, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the two adsorbents possessed good adsorption selectivity towards Sr, with SFSr/M over 40, except that of SFSr/Ba in 2 M HNO3 solution. The adsorption equilibrium of Sr in 2 M HNO3 solution was reached within 1 h, with saturated adsorption capacities of 36.9 mg/g and 37.5 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the XPS results indicate that the adsorption mechanism is the coordination of the crown ether ring with Sr. This work not only develops two novel adsorbents for the separation of Sr in nitric acid environments; it also provides a method for effectively reducing the water solubility of crown ethers.

Zirconium is recognized as one of the main impurities of the rare earth element scandium during purification. It presents significant challenges due to its similar chemical properties, making separating it difficult. This study used trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) as a functional ligand, and the effects of carrier type and acidity on adsorption performance were first investigated. Among these, the novel extraction resin SiO2-P as a carrier for TRPO demonstrated more prominent separation performance in 0.2 M H2SO4 and 5 M HCl solutions. The kinetic and isotherm data were consistent with the pseudo-secondary kinetics and Langmuir model, respectively, and the adsorption process could be regarded as homogeneous monolayer adsorption subject to the dual effects of chemisorption and internal diffusion. In addition, thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process of zirconium under the experimental conditions was a spontaneous endothermic process. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses, scandium and zirconium were successfully adsorbed by the resin and uniformly distributed on its surface, and the greater affinity of the P=O groups on the resin for zirconium was the critical factor contributing to the separation of scandium and zirconium. Finally, scandium and zirconium in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid media were extracted and separated by column experiments, and the purity of scandium could reach 99.8% and 99.99%, respectively.

There is evidence that emotion induced in the process of encoding impairs associative memory, yet the effect of post-encoding emotion on second language vocabulary learning remains largely unclear. An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of post-encoding emotion (positive, negative, and neutral) on learning of multidimensional vocabulary knowledge, that is, productive and receptive vocabulary knowledge in five aspects: orthography, meaning and form, grammatical function, syntagmatic association, and paradigmatic association. To carry out the study, 106 Chinese students voluntarily took part in the present study and they were randomly divided into positive group, negative group, and control group. After completing the vocabulary learning task and undergoing emotion manipulation by three video clips (positive, negative, and neutral), all participants sequentially took a multidimensional vocabulary test containing 10 subtests in a immediate, delayed, and post-delayed tests. The result showed a significant impairing effect of post-encoding emotion, especially positive one, on both item memory and associative memory under a longer retention interval, and no significant effect of post-encoding emotion upon semantic memory was found. Both theoretical and practical implications for second language vocabulary learning was put forward.

Abstract Memristive devices with threshold switching characteristics can be effectively utilized to mimic biological neurons acting as one of the key building blocks for constructing advanced hardware neural networks. In this work, the emulation of leaky integrate‐and‐fire memristive neuron is realized in one single cell with Ag/Ag−In−Zn−S/silk sericin/W architecture without the need for additional auxiliary circuits. The studied devices demonstrate excellent electrical properties, such as stably repeatable threshold switching, concentratedly low threshold voltage (≈0.4 V), and relatively small device‐to‐device variation. In addition, multiple neural features, such as leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron functionality and strength‐modulated spike frequency characteristic, have been successfully emulated owing to the forming‐free volatile threshold switching effect. The stable volatile threshold switching behaviors and regular firing event may be attributed to the controllable metallic Ag filamentary mechanism. Furthermore, a solid accuracy of 91.44% of the pattern recognition of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data is obtained via a trained spiking neural network (SNN) based on the leaky integrate‐and‐fire behavior of sericin‐based device. These achievements shed light on the fact that employing sericin biomaterials has great application potential in advanced neuromorphic computation.

As the transition between streets and houses, in-between spaces represent unique and important residential components in East Asia, which reflect the spontaneous spatial improvement awareness of users in traditional districts and the state of public-private relations. To fill a gap in prior research regarding in-between spaces after spontaneous spatial improvement in traditional districts, this study considered 97 houses on Jiazhi Street and evaluated the two expressions of spontaneous spatial improvement of in-between spaces by quantifying modification indicators and encroachment using field surveys and area statistical methods. The research examined the correlation between various modifications and encroachment using multiple regression analysis and evaluated the characteristics of spontaneous spatial improvement by users based on multi-group relationships. The results offer a new perspective for observing the changes in residential environments in the context of urbanization, thus providing a basis for developing renewal strategies for traditional districts in China.

Abstract Background The optimal duration and choice of anticoagulant for the treatment of Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) in cancer patients are still undetermined. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for the treatment of PICC-related UEDVT in cancer patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including consecutive cancer patients for the management of acute symptomatic PICC-related UEDVT. The efficacy outcome of the study was the 180-day recurrence of any venous thromboembolism (VTE), while the safety outcome was the 180-day incidence of all bleeding events. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to estimate the overall incidence. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained with a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the risk of the outcome events. Results A total of 217 patients were included in the final analysis with a median age of 56 years old, 41.5% of whom had metastases. After the initial 3–5 days of nadroparin, patients received sequential anticoagulation, either with nadroparin (118 patients) or with rivaroxaban (99 patients). Four patients with recurrent VTE were observed (nadroparin, n = 2; rivaroxaban, n = 2). The 180-day cumulative VTE recurrence rates were 1.7% and 2.0% (p = 0.777) in patients receiving nadroparin and rivaroxaban, respectively. The overall bleeding rate at 180 days was 8.8%. Although no major bleeding events were observed, nineteen patients with clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) were observed. The 180-day cumulative rate of CRNMB was 5.1% for nadroparin and 13.1% for rivaroxaban (HR = 3.303, 95% CI 1.149–9.497, p = 0.027). Conclusion Our study supported the efficacy of rivaroxaban for treating PICC-related UEDVT in cancer patients. However, data on anticoagulation therapy for PICC-related UEDVT presented with a low risk of VTE recurrence and a relatively high risk of CRNMB bleeding events. Considering the risk–benefit ratio, further well-designed trials are required to optimize the drug selection and duration for the treatment of PICC-related UEDVT in cancer patients.

Multivariate ridge regression (MR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) have been widely used in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, these methods do not consider the influence of noise in HSIs, spatial information, and the internal relationship between samples. As a result, the sample distribution is not ideal and the classification effect cannot be improved. This article extends LDA and MR to the field of tensors, that can not only use the spatial information of the sample, but also can make the distribution of homogeneous samples more concentrated. Besides, this article analyzes the relationship between the number of neurons in the hidden layer of ELM and the classification accuracy. Finally, singular spectral analysis (SSA) is chosen to improve classification accuracy. The tensor discriminant ridge regression model with ELM and SSA for HSI classification is proposed. Experiments show compared with tensor-based classifiers, ELM and other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method is efficient and effective.

The importance of external space in residential areas is well-established in academic circles, and the spatial feature and use pattern have emerged as key aspects for relevant discussion. Research regarding the external space in urban settlements primarily involves relational holistic studies by western scholars and micro-observations by oriental scholars; both approaches have their own limitations. The research presented herein (i) studies external space as a physical space, categorizes the external space characteristics of Chongqing’s Shibanpo traditional settlements at three microscopic levels (i.e., upper elements, side elements, and bottom elements), (ii) conducts on-site observations of the use pattern of external space, and (iii) evaluates the interactions between spatial features and use patterns, as well as their joint effects on the development of the external space in the traditional urban settlement. The results indicate that various spatial elements can influence utilization behavior, and this relationship is discussed in detail to provide a foundation to guide future research and decision-making efforts.

Nociceptive receptors are primarily responsible for detecting and responding to potentially harmful stimuli, including painful sensations and tissue damage. In this letter, we designed Pt/Ag/NbO _x /W memristors with threshold switching (TS) characteristics and low working voltage attributed to the diffusion of Ag ions within the device. Furthermore, this device successfully emulates the functions of a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron and nervous pain perception functions, respectively. The artificial neurons exhibit multiple neural functions, including leaky integration, threshold-driven firing, self-relaxation characteristics, and allodynia, hyperalgesia of the nociceptors. The proposed TS memristor may show great potential in the field of neuromorphic computing and creating intelligent systems that can replicate the complexity of the human brain.

Over the past few decades, with the rapid growth of the global population and economy, the increasing levels of various pollutants such as heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic/inorganic/biological toxins from various industries and human activities, which diffuse into aspects of the environment such as the atmosphere, soil, and natural water, have posed a serious threat to human health and the environment [...]

Abstract Integrated electrochemical sensing platforms in wearable devices have great prospects in biomedical applications. However, traditional electrochemical platforms are generally fabricated on airtight printed circuit boards, which lack sufficient flexibility, air permeability, and conformability. Liquid metals at room temperature with excellent mobility and electrical conductivity show high promise in flexible electronics. This paper presents a miniaturized liquid metal-based flexible electrochemical detection system on fabric, which is intrinsically flexible, air-permeable, and conformable to the body. Taking advantage of the excellent fluidity and electrical connectivity of liquid metal, a double-layer circuit is fabricated that significantly miniaturizes the size of the whole system. The linear response, time stability, and repeatability of this system are verified by resistance, stability, image characterization, and potassium ferricyanide tests. Finally, glucose in sweat can be detected at the millimolar level using this sensing system, which demonstrates its great potential for wearable and portable detection in biomedical fields, such as health monitoring and point-of-care testing.

Abstract Background Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is highly effective in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients, but it fails to show satisfactory efficacy in other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with non-APL subtypes. Different from the APL cells, most non-APL AML cells express low levels of the ATO transporter Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) protein, making them less sensitive to ATO treatment. Recently, we found that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can upregulate the expression of AQP9. We hypothesized that the pretreatment with G-CSF may enhance the antitumor effect of ATO in non-APL AML cells. In addition, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which G-CSF upregulates the expression of AQP9. Methods Non-APL AML cell lines including THP-1 and HL-60 were pretreated with or without G-CSF (100 ng/ml) for 24 h, followed by the treatment with ATO (2 μM) for 48 h. Cell morphology was observed under the microscope after Wright-Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis levels. The intracellular concentrations of ATO were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The mRNA and protein expression were respectively measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Target genes were knocked down by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA), or overexpressed by transfection with overexpression plasmids. The cell line derived xenograft mouse model was established to confirm the results of the in vitro experiments. Results Compared with using ATO alone, the combination of G-CSF with ATO induced the cell apoptosis more dramatically. G-CSF upregulated the expression of AQP9 and enhanced the intracellular concentrations of ATO in AML cells. When AQP9 was overexpressed, it markedly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of ATO. On the other hand, when AQP9 was knocked down, it profoundly attenuated the combinational effect. Moreover, we found that the upregulation of AQP9 by G-CSF depends on the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB). We also demonstrated that the combination of G-CSF and ATO significantly inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. Conclusions The combination of G-CSF and ATO may be a potential therapeutic strategy for AML patients.

Abstract Lead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Cu2Cl5 perovskites, a member of the metal‐metal halide material family, have attracted pronounced attention owing to their low toxicity, facile fabrication strategies, considerable ambient stability, and intriguing photoelectric properties. However, the application of environmentally friendly copper‐based Cs3Cu2Cl5 in memristors has been rarely reported to the authors’ knowledge. Herein, multifunctional memristors with the coexistence of non‐volatile memory (MS) and volatile threshold switching (TS) behaviors are introduced based on an innovative Ag–In–Zn–S/Cs3Cu2Cl5 heterostructure. The inserted Ag–In–Zn–S quantum dots layer may provide an effective method for guiding the formation of the dominant metallic Ag filaments, resulting in considerably stable and controllable multiple switching behaviors. Additionally, the heterostructure memristor is capable of imitating some essential biological synaptic functions, including long‐term potentiation (LTP), long‐term depression (LTD), and the short‐term memory (STM) to long‐term memory (LTM) transition. Furthermore, the famous conditioning Pavlov's dog experiment corresponding to associative learning is electronically simulated by the studied device. Moreover, utilizing the devices’ LTP and LTD properties, relatively high recognition accuracies for small and large digits datasets are achieved through a three‐layer artificial neural network, revealing the feasibility of implementing neuromorphic computation using heterostructure memristors.

Abstract With excellent electrical conductivity, fluidity, rheological property, and biocompatibility, gallium has been intensively studied in the fields of flexible electronics and devices, thermal management, and soft robotics. However, the large degree of supercooling of gallium presents a large limitation for phase transition‐related applications such as the very low temperature required for solidification, the impurities, and side effects brought in by nucleating agents. In this study, solidification process of liquid gallium by using solid gallium as a nucleating agent is discovered to be fast and facile at room temperature compared with other agent materials including copper, iron, and nickel. Quantificationally, solidified gallium as a nucleating agent, can effectively reduce the supercooling degree from about 66.3 to 14.8 °C. The freezing velocity can reach to 200 mm3 min−1. The possible mechanism is reducing the energy barrier via adding nucleation site, allowing rapid solidification at room temperature accompanying heat dissipation. Moreover, micromechanical properties are compared between raw solid Ga and the solidified Ga induced by Ga agent, which suggests a slight decrease in mechanical strength at room temperature with the nucleating agent. It will be beneficial to understand the phase change and also provide guidance for the application of gallium regarding its mechanical properties.

Abstract This study examined the spatial distribution characteristics of urban private gardens under the influence of the shiyin concept (seclusion in the city) by studying urban private gardens in Suzhou from the end of the 14th century to the middle of the 18th century. Under the influence of shiyin, private gardens were constructed within the city. The urban spatial distribution features of 38 private gardens were analyzed through space syntax and related methods. The results show that (1) locationally, the private gardens were located more in main functional areas instead of suburban areas, and (2) structurally, the urban private gardens were integrated globally and separated locally in the urban space system. Combined with the discussion of shiyin, the results show that the reclusion aspect of shiyin is not related to the location distribution of urban private gardens, but is reflected more at the structural level, with urban private gardens locally separated from urban space systems. This study provides a new perspective to discuss urban private gardens in terms of urban space and suggests a focus on local structural features of private gardens at the medium and micro level of urban space (such as streets and blocks).

Alongside modern urbanization, traditional Lilong housing structures have undergone tremendous changes in internal and external spatial form and usage status in order to adapt to the needs of modern, social life. In these spontaneous transformations, the street “publicness” and the residential privacy create a set of contradictory relationships that affect the overall morphology of the neighborhood. Taking the traditional lane residential area of Xing’anli, Dongtai Road, Shanghai, China as an example, we analyze the relationship between street “activeness” and the rate of residential remodeling. We attempt to clarify the characteristics of street publicness and housing “privateness” in the traditional Lilong neighborhoods and their mutual effects. This contributes to a comprehensive, workable knowledge of traditional cities and has reference significance for future urban transformation. We analyze the space utilization characteristics of Lilong neighborhoods from two perspectives here. First, with the overflow articles as a medium, we explore the activeness characteristics of different types of roads using the SD method. Second, based on field surveying and mapping, we assess the remodeling characteristics of buildings around different types of roads through remodeling volume and rate statistics. We draw conclusions through careful analysis of the relationship between the street activeness and residential remodeling rate information.

Suzhou, a Chinese “water town”, has undergone an essential transformation in the spatial nature of its riverside area post-urbanization. This research focuses on the spatial characteristics and utilization patterns of the building boundary along the Shantang River in Suzhou through field investigation and correspondence analysis. The constituent elements are determined, and then spatial characteristics are analyzed in terms of space type, river encroachment, and urban connectivity. The relationships between these characteristics and four utilization patterns are discussed. The building boundaries along the river have undergone a fundamental change within the modern era. There are significant relationships between utilization patterns and space type, river encroachment, and urban connectivity. The results presented here can provide workable guidance for effective further development of riverside spaces in Suzhou and beyond.

Using a street in Shanghai as a case study, a strategy was developed to study an urban network space system by analyzing and interpreting street space from the microscopic perspective of urban composition elements. At the methodological level, this study, using research methods related to Space Syntax Theory, explored the process of establishing urban elements, element space, and a spatial network system for these elements. The analysis included the integration degree and its distribution (overall infiltration characteristics), the systematic degree, and an adjustment relationship graph for local typical areas. There are three conclusions drawn from the analysis: From the perspective of elements, the Tianzifang street space is annularly connected in circles on different scales and connected in parallel to form an overall spatial structure. At the global level, the distribution of integration degrees exhibits a dotted infiltration pattern from the street to the interior, with a local core. In terms of local and global correlations, spaces with higher traffic attributes tend to increase local and global integration, and spaces with stronger functional attributes tend to increase the separation of local from whole. The element space and its associated shallow space of buildings approximate the overall synergy degree.

This non-experimental study employed three questionnaires adopted from and validated by prior studies. To carry out the study, an electronic survey created through Wenjuanxing, a computer program for conducting an online survey in China, was employed and convenience sampling technique was used. Guided by the control-value theory of educational psychology, as well as the broaden-and-build theory and the well-being theory of Positive Psychology, this questionnaire study investigated 880 non-English major freshmen’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language class anxiety (FLCA), and foreign language boredom (FLB) in online English courses, as well as their correlations. Also measured were their joint predictive effects on the general and domain-specific learning outcomes of online English classrooms (reading-to-writing group and speaking group). With statistical analysis carried out by SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0, the results showed that: (1) learners had relatively high levels of FLE and FLCA, but a medium level of FLB; (2) a small negative correlation was found between students’ FLE and FLCA, a medium to high negative correlation between FLE and FLB, and a small to medium positive correlation between FLCA and FLB; FLE has a significant positive correlation with learners’ actual performance and self-perceived performance, while FLCA and FLB have a significant negative correlation with both; and (3) After entering the same regression model, all three emotions have a significant predictive effect on learners’ self-perceived performance while only FLE and FLCA had a significant predictive effect on their actual performance in the online context. Domain-specifically, the reading-and-writing group demonstrated similar trends while there were no significant correlations between emotions and actual performance in the speaking group. The findings can provide pedagogical implications for online foreign language teaching and theoretical contribution to foreign language emotion research.

Job satisfaction, loving pedagogy, and teachers’ professional success, as three major emotional-psychological variables, have gradually gained its momentum in educational settings. The relationship among them has remained unknown. To address the existing gap, the current study set out to investigate the relationship among Chinese Ideological and Political (IAP) teachers’ job satisfaction, loving pedagogy, and their professional success. This non-experimental study employed three questionnaires adopted from and validated by prior studies. To carry out the study, an electronic survey created through Wenjuanxing, a computer program for conducting an online survey in China, was employed and convenience sampling technique was used. One thousand one hundred and eighty-nine Chinese IAP teachers with different majors, various academic degrees, and diversified teaching experiences voluntarily took part in the present study. With statistical analysis carried out by AMOS 23.0, the results of the study showed that job satisfaction and loving pedagogy could jointly predict 46.8 of the variance of teachers’ professional success. Both variables were the significant predictors of professional success, while loving pedagogy was a better predictor, solely explaining 39.4 of teacher success’s variance. Based on the findings, some pedagogical implications for educational institutions, administrators, and IAP teachers were discussed in the article. Future research directions and limitations were also mentioned.

The Chaiwopu Sag of Junggar Basin experienced a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration for the first time in the late 1980s, however, the exploration effect in this area is still restricted by the complexity of faults and the uneven distribution of oil and gas. As the main body of the sag, the Dabancheng subsag has been strongly extruded by the Bogda Mountain thrust belt to the south, the Yilian Habirga Mountain (abbreviated as Yishan) thrust belt to the northeast, and the Heishan Mountain to the northwest since Permian. A compressive and narrow ramp structural system superimposed by multiple stress fields was developed, which led to the complexity and particularity of fault characteristics and evolution in the Dabancheng subsag. Approaches including logging, seismic and field geological survey data were applied to study the fault systems in the subsag, including the Southern Bogda Mountain fault system, the Yishan fault system and the Heishan fault system. The Southern Bogda Mountain fault system has a shallow detachment surface, which belongs to an orogenic wedge structure with plastic detachment layers. The Yishan fault system is a basement-involved structure. The Late Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan tectonic movements have geological records in this area, forming different scales of faults. The late Hercynian period is a breakup stage, the Indosinian-Yanshanian period is a fault-shaping period, and the Himalayan period is a fault adjustment period. The distribution of detachment belt in the Southern Bogda Mountain fault system is consistent with that of the Middle-Lower Permian source rocks. Combined with the analyses of tectonic movement period, stratigraphic characteristics and fault systems, the Southern Bogda Mountain fault system is a potential oil and gas accumulation area.

The “real-world” data of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in esophageal cancer (EPC) are still an unmet medical need, including the clinical efficacy and safety. Seventy-seven EPC data were studied retrospectively; the progression-free survival (PFS), risk factors (clinical stages larger than stage II, metastatic sites larger than 2, treatment lines larger than the first line, previous surgical treatment, combined positive score [CPS] expression, etc.), and the safety were analyzed. The median PFS for all patients was 7.2 months, clinical stage > stage II; the number of treatment lines > first line was significantly correlated with prognosis (all P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the median PFS of patients with clinical stage ≤ II was better; the results were the same for the patients with ≤2 metastatic sites, first-line PD-1 inhibitors, and not previously received radical surgery (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) of varying degrees was 25.97% (20/77) in 20 patients and 6.49% (5/77) of grade 3/4 AEs. The highest AE was myelosuppression (15.58%), followed by liver function injury (7.79%). In addition, ≥2 lines of treatment and >2 metastatic sites predicted poor outcomes for patients with EPC who had failed first-line therapy or progressed with the combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy treatment strategy (all P < 0.05).

Lithium recovery is imperative to accommodate the increase in lithium demand. Salt lake brine contains a large amount of lithium and is one of the most important sources of lithium metal. In this study, Li2CO3, MnO2, and TiO2 particles were mixed, and the precursor of a manganese–titanium mixed ion sieve (M-T-LIS) was prepared by a high-temperature solid-phase method. M-T-LISs were obtained by DL-malic acid pickling. The adsorption experiment results noted single-layer chemical adsorption and maximum lithium adsorption of 32.32 mg/g. From the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy results, the M-T-LIS provided adsorption sites after DL-malic acid pickling. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared results showed the ion exchange mechanism of the M-T-LIS adsorption. From the results of the Li+ desorption experiment and recoverability experiment, DL-malic acid was used to desorb Li+ from the M-T-LIS with a desorption rate of more than 90%. During the fifth cycle, the Li+ adsorption capacity of the M-T-LIS was more than 20 mg/g (25.90 mg/g), and the recovery efficiency was higher than 80% (81.42%). According to the selectivity experiment, the M-T-LIS had good selectivity for Li+ (adsorption capacity of 25.85 mg/g in the artificial salt lake brine), which indicates its good application potential.

Water shortages and nitrogen (N) fertilizer overuse limit japonica rice production in Northeastern China. The interactions between water-saving irrigation and nitrogen management on rice root and shoot growth is still our research focus. Here, japonica rice (DN425) was subjected to the irrigation methods W1 (flooding irrigation), W2 [mild alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD); −10 kPa], W3 (severe AWD; −30 kPa), and different N fertilizer ratios were applied in different growth stages, namely, N1 (6:3:1:0), N2 (5:3:1:1), and N3 (4:3:2:1). From jointing to full heading stages, the highest photosynthate production capacity and root activity were obtained under W1N2. AWD markedly affected the root system and resulted in root senescence at later growth stages. Grain yield and N utilization efficiency were closely and positively correlated with the relative water content, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), the increase rate of root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density (RVD) from the jointing to full heading stages. This positive correlation was also observed in the increased rate of root bleeding sap (RBS) under W1N2 and CGR under W2N3. From full heading to maturity stages, N2 could promote root growth, LAD, and CGR under AWD to a greater extent than those under the other treatments. Water use efficiency (WUE) and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) were both negatively associated with the decreased rate of RVD, root dry weight (RDW), and RBS. They were closely and positively correlated with the increased rate of RDW and CGR. Our results suggested that W2N2 treatment delayed root senescence, maintained leaf photosynthesis, optimized the crop growth rate from full heading to maturity stages, and improved grain yield. The optimal grain yield, WUE, and NUpE were achieved at the irrigation water amount and topdressing fertilizer ratio of 41.40–50.34 × 102 and 31.20–34.83 kg ha–1, respectively.

Drought stress at jointing and booting phases of plant development directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice. Limited by natural factors, the jointing and booting stages in rice varieties are known to overlap in high-latitude areas that are more sensitive to water deficit. However, the regulation of photosynthetic carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism in rice leaves under different degrees of drought stress remains unclear. In this study, rice plants were subjected to three degrees of drought stress (−10, −25, −and 40 kPa) for 15 days during the jointing-booting stage, we investigated photosynthetic carbon sequestration and sucrose metabolism pathways in rice leaves and analyzed key genes and regulatory networks using transcriptome sequencing in 2016. And we investigated the effects of drought stress on the growth periods of rice with overlapping growth periods in 2016 and 2017. The results showed that short-term drought stress promoted photosynthetic carbon fixation. However, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) activity significantly decreased, resulting in a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate. Drought stress increased the maximum activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA). FBA maintains the necessary photosynthetic rate during drought stress and provides a material base after the resumption of irrigation in the form of controlling the content of its reaction product triose phosphate. Drought stress significantly affected the activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Vacuoles invertase (VIN) activity increased significantly, and the more severe the drought, the higher the VIN activity. Severe drought stress at the jointing-booting stage severely restricted the growth process of rice with overlapping growth stages and significantly delayed heading and anthesis stages. Transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes was highest at 6–9 days after drought stress. Two invertase and four β-amylase genes with time-specific expression were involved in sucrose-starch metabolism in rice under drought stress. Combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis, VIN and β-amylase genes up-regulated throughout drought stress were regulated by OsbZIP04 and OsWRKY62 transcription factors under drought stress. This study showed that any water deficit at the jointing-booting stage would have a serious effect on sucrose metabolism in leaves of rice with overlapping growth stages.

Since the discovery of the Yuanba gas reservoir, there has been no unified conclusion of hydrocarbon accumulation. The Feixianguan Formation micrite and argillaceous limestone are controversial as the direct cap rock. This research analyzed the integrity of the limestone layer from delaminated fracturing to judge whether it can be as the caprock and then discuss the mechanism of accumulation. Delaminated fracturing and its controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were studied using seismic data, well logging data, rock mechanic measurements, and petroleum geological data. Mudstones from the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation serve as the source rock. Changxing Formation dolomite from the Upper Permian is the reservoir rock. The caprock is marlites from the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation. The Changxing Formation had middle-high dip angle fractures formed by integrating pore fluid pressures and the tectonic stresses in the Late Triassic Indosinian Movements. The Feixianguan Formation had horizontal stylolites and fewer fractures, which kept the Feixianguan Formation marlites good caprocks. The adjacent Feixianguan and Changxing formations have their fracture system known as delaminated fractures. As a result, the Upper Permian Changxing Formation dolomite has good reservoir properties, while the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation limestone or marlites have good capping performance. These delaminated fractures are formed because of different lithologies and thicknesses in the carbonate rock series. It is the key factor in controlling the formation of Yuanba Gas Field with weak deformation. Delaminated fracturing suggests a significant exploration potential in carbonate strata with weak deformation, particularly in ultra-deep areas.

Shantang Street in Suzhou serves as the object of this study; field investigation, street mapping, data statistics, and other methods are utilized to observe spatial elements, tourist density, and the relationships among them. The spatial elements of Shantang Street are divided into basic elements (store density, facade opening, water proximity, D/H) and activity elements (upper shelter, commercial overflow, life overflow). These characteristics are also analyzed quantitatively. Next, tourists on Shantang Street are counted on-site to analyze their basic density. The SPSS software Canonical Correlation tool is utilized to establish a relationship between basic elements and activity elements; a set of canonical variates with a significant correlation between the two are obtained. The SPSS Multiple Regression tool is then used to observe the correlation between tourist density and street space elements. Store density, D/H, water proximity, commercial overflow, life overflow, and tourist density are found to be significantly correlated.

Deformation monitoring and dynamic characteristic analysis of bridge structures are the vital and basic requirements for the safe operation of bridges. In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become increasingly widely used in bridge structural health monitoring with the development of the GNSS technology, especially the continuous improvement and development of China’s Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS). This article summarizes the application process of GNSS dynamic deformation monitoring and the development of GNSS deformation measurement technology of bridge structural health monitoring, the dynamic characteristic identification method and its application in bridge GNSS monitoring. The positioning solution methods for GNSS monitoring, the high sampling rate GNSS receiver for monitoring, multi-frequency and multi-system GNSS monitoring and the weakening of multipath effect of GNSS monitoring are summarized in detail. Then, the conclusions and prospects are posed for future research and related application.

Strontium, the main component of radioactive nuclear wastewater, is characterized by a high fission yield and an extended half-life. It is easily absorbed by the human body, thus greatly threatening the environment and the human body. In this study, a mesoporous composite phase sodium superionic conductor (NVP@NMP) was synthesized by the droplet template method, and the rapid capture of Sr2+ from wastewater was achieved by constructing a nano-heterogeneous interface to increase the ion diffusion rate. NVP@NMP showed efficient and rapid removal of strontium ions in adsorption kinetics, isothermal adsorption, solution pH, and interfering ions concentration tests, especially using the equilibrium time of 2 min for strontium absorption by NVP@NMP and a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 361.36 mg/g. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible. At higher concentrations of other competing ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Cs), the adsorbent exhibited higher selectivity towards Sr2+.TEM, XPS, and XRD analyses revealed that ion exchange was the main mechanism for the NVP@NMP ultrafast adsorption of Sr2+. In this research, we investigated the feasibility of ultrafast strontium capture by sodium superionic conductor structured phosphates and explained the ultrafast strontium adsorption mechanism of NASICON materials through XPS.

Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops cultivated in both tropical and temperate regions. However, it has a high sensitivity to cold stress and chilling stress limits its nitrogen uptake and metabolism. To identify the genes and pathways involved in cold tolerance, specifically within nitrogen metabolism pathways, we compared gene and protein expression differences between a cold-tolerant cultivar, Dongnong428 (DN), and a cold-sensitive cultivar, Songjing10 (SJ). Results Using isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantification (iTRAQ) with high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques, we identified 5549 genes and 450 proteins in DN and 6145 genes and 790 proteins in SJ, which were differentially expressed during low water temperature (Tw) treatments. There were 354 transcription factor (TF) genes (212 downregulated, 142 upregulated) and 366 TF genes (220 downregulated, 146 upregulated), including 47 gene families, differentially expressed in DN under control (CKDN) vs. DN under low-Tw (D15DN) and SJ under control (CKSJ) vs. SJ under low-Tw D15SJ, respectively. Genes associated with rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways, and particularly glutathione metabolism, were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the nitrogen metabolism pathways showed that major genes and proteins that participated in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamine synthesis were downregulated under cold stress. Conclusion Cold stress conditions during reproductive growth, resulted in genes and proteins related to cold stress biosynthesis pathways being significantly differentially expressed in DN and SJ. The present study confirmed the known cold stress-associated genes and identified new putative cold-responsive genes. We also found that translational regulation under cold stress plays an important role in cold-tolerant DN. Low-Tw treatments affected N uptake and N metabolism in rice, as well as promoted Glu metabolism and the synthesis of ornithine and proline in cold-sensitive SJ.

Because conventional PCANET approach is that the conventional PCANET performs the PCA for all the segments of all the training pixel vectors, and this does not capture the difference between different segments of the same training pixel vectors, classification accuracy is not high. This paper proposes to employ a regional principal component analysis network with the rolling guidance filter (RPCANET_RGF) for performing the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification with few training samples. Regional principal component analysis network (RPCANET) proposed in this paper performs the PCA for each segment of all training pixel vectors. Besides, the rolling guidance filter (RGF) is used to remove the spatial noise and to enhance the edges of the HSIs. Different from the conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the coefficients of the filters are obtained by performing the principal component analysis (PCA) on the regional segments of HSIs. This approach is also different from the conventional principal component analysis network (PCANET). Here, different segments of the same pixel image are processed by different Filters. Since the RPCANET_RGF is a general learning method that obtains the filter coefficients directly from the HSIs, the back propagation based training is not required. Hence, the RPCANET_RGF requires a less computational power for performing the training compared to the CNN. Besides, as the RPCANET_RGF can make use of both the spectral information and the spatial information for performing the classification, the computer numerical simulation results show that the classification accuracy achieved by the RPCANET_RGF is higher than that by the conventional PCANET and other state of the art methods.

Bridge dynamic monitoring based on GNSS has become an important means of monitoring bridge structure. GNSS dynamic monitoring signals are often overwhelmed by strong noises and multipath errors. Thus the conventional data processing methods such as Fourier transform, wavelet analysis, and others have poor denoising effect or obtain unconspicuous dynamic characteristics from weak vibration signals. To solve this problem, the present study proposes a new adaptive stochastic resonance method based on quantum genetic algorithm with known frequency as optimal parameter. Analyzing the simulation signals not only verifies the validity and scientificity of the method, but also analyzes its frequency extraction effect in the approximate error range of target frequency with different noise intensity. A notable bridge vibration frequency is obtained when the new method is applied to analyze the bridge dynamic monitoring data based on GNSS.

For ultra-long tunnels, the effective means of alignment and breakthrough accuracy optimization is to measure the gyro azimuths or transfer the coordinates of surface known points or the directions to the inside of the tunnel through vertical shafts or inclined shafts. Compared with bored tunnels, immersed tunnels have different engineering characteristics and construction environments, and have higher alignment control accuracy requirements. However, the immersed tunnel has no vertical shafts or inclined shafts that can be used for coordinate transfer to improve the measurement accuracy. In order to provide high-accuracy alignment control and breakthrough for long immersed tunnels, we put forward a new strategy after network stability analysis, and consistency analysis between the results of the element positioning system and the results of the control network. The results of the element positioning system are taken as constraints to improve the accuracy of the control network. The analysis on 100,000 simulations of a 20 km-long immersed tunnel shows that the accuracy of the last point pair of the traverse network with angle and distance observations is 60.8 mm, while the accuracy of the same point pair after adopting the new strategy in this paper is 11.8 mm. The results of a 7 km-long experimental traverse network show that the lateral breakthrough accuracy is improved by 73%. All of these indicate that the new strategy can effectively improve the measurement accuracy and the lateral errors can be kept at a small level. Following the new strategy, the high-accuracy alignment and breakthrough can be achieved for long immersed tunnels.

The conventional singular spectrum analysis is to divide a signal into segments where there is only one non-overlapping point between two consecutive segments. By putting these segments into the columns of a matrix and performing the singular value decomposition on the matrix, various one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors are obtained. Since different one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors represent different parts of the signal such as the trend part, the oscillation part and the noise part of the signal, the singular spectrum analysis plays a very important role in the nonlinear and adaptive signal analysis. However, as the length of each one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vector is the same as that of the original signal, there is a redundancy among these one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors. In order to reduce the required computational power and the required units for the memory storage for performing the singular spectrum analysis, this article proposes a method to reduce the total number of the elements of all the one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors. In particular, the length of the shift block for generating the trajectory matrix is increased from one to a positive integer greater than one under a certain criterion. In this case, the total number of the columns of the trajectory matrix is reduced. As a result, the total number of the off-diagonals of all the two dimensional singular spectrum analysis matrices is reduced. Hence, the total number of the elements of all the one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors is reduced. In order to guarantee exact perfect reconstruction, this article reformulates the de-Hankelization process. In particular, the first element of the off-diagonals of all the two dimensional singular spectrum analysis matrices is taken as the elements of the one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors. Exact perfect reconstruction condition is derived. Simulations show that exact perfect reconstruction can be achieved while the total number of the elements of all the one dimensional singular spectrum analysis vectors is significantly reduced.

Both sustainable development in environment and safety of high-power systems require to develop a novel lead-free dielectric capacitor with high energy density (Wrec) at low applied electric field. In this work, a remarkably high Wrec of 2.9 J/cm3 accompanying with energy storage efficiency of 56% was achieved in Ag0.9Sr0.05NbO3 ceramic at a low applied electric field of 190 kV/cm, by improving anti-ferroelectricity and introducing relaxor behaviour. The improved anti-ferroelectric stability was attributed to the decreased tolerance factor and average electronegativity difference, while the relaxor behaviour was associated with the increased disordered local structure by Sr-doping. Moreover, the Ag0.9Sr0.05NbO3 ceramics also exhibited outstanding temperature stability in energy density with small variation less than 5% over 20–140 °C. The results indicate that the Ag0.9Sr0.05NbO3 ceramic is a promising candidate for low-electric-field driving capacitors. Keywords: Low applied electric field, Energy storage, Relaxor behaviour, Silver niobate, Anti-ferroelectric

Glioma is a relatively low aggressive brain tumor. Although the median survival time of patients for lower-grade glioma (LGG) was longer than that of patients for glioblastoma, the overall survival was still short. Therefore, it is urgent to find out more effective molecular prognostic markers. The role of the Fam20 kinase family in different tumors was an emerging research field. However, the biological function of Fam20C and its prognostic value in brain tumors have rarely been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the value of Fam20C as a potential prognostic marker for LGG. A total of 761 LGG samples (our cohort, TCGA and CGGA) were included to investigate the expression and role of Fam20C in LGG. We found that Fam20C was drastically overexpressed in LGG and was positively associated with its clinical progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox regression model were employed to evaluate its prognostic value, and Fam20C was found as an independent risk factor in LGG patients. Gene set enrichment analysis also revealed the potential signaling pathways associated with Fam20C gene expression in LGG; these pathways were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix receptor interactions, cell adhesion, cell apoptosis, NOTCH signaling, cell cycle, etc. In summary, our findings provide insights for understanding the potential role of Fam20C and its application as a new prognostic biomarker for LGG.

Low temperatures stress is one of the important factors limiting rice yield, especially during rice anther development, and can cause pollen sterility and decrease grain yield. In our study, low-temperature stress decreased pollen viability and spikelet fertility by affecting the sugar, nitrogen and amino acid contents of anthers. We performed RNA-seq and ISO-seq experiments to study the genome-wide transcript expression profiles in low-temperature anthers. A total of 4,859 differentially expressed transcripts were detected between the low-temperature and control groups. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed significant terms related to cold tolerance. Hexokinase and glutamate decarboxylase participating in starch and sucrose metabolism may play important roles in the response to cold stress. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, nine hub transcripts were found that could improve cold tolerance throughout the meiosis period of rice: Os02t0219000-01 (interferon-related developmental regulator protein), Os01t0218350-00 (tetratricopeptide repeat-containing thioredoxin), Os08t0197700-00 (luminal-binding protein 5), Os11t0200000-01 (histone deacetylase 19), Os03t0758700-01 (WD40 repeat domain-containing protein), Os06t0220500-01 (7-deoxyloganetin glucosyltransferase), Pacbio.T01382 (sucrose synthase 1), Os01t0172400-01 (phospholipase D alpha 1), and Os01t0261200-01 (NAC domain-containing protein 74). In the PPI network, the protein minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4) may play an important role in DNA replication induced by cold stress.

Activated carbon has been used to treat organic dyes in water systems; however, the adsorption capacity of the samples studied was limited by the specific surface area and influenced by the pH of the aqueous solution. In this study, a hybrid adsorbent consisting of a mixture (MCS) of activated chestnut shell biochar (CN) and pyrolyzed snail shell material (SS) was developed to solve this problem, with the waste snail shell samples being processed by pyrolysis and the chestnut shell samples chemically pretreated and then pyrolyzed. The BET and SEM results revealed that the SS had a mesoporous fluffy structure with a higher specific surface (1705 m2/g) and an average pore diameter of about 4.07 nm, providing a large number of sites for adsorption. In addition, XPS and FTIR results showed that the main component of SS was calcium oxide, and it also contained a certain amount of calcium carbonate, which not only provided an alkaline environment for the adsorption of biochar but also degradation and photocatalytic capabilities. The results showed that the MCS3-1 sample, obtained when CN and SS were mixed in the ratio of 3:1, had good capacity for adsorption for methylene blue (MB), with 1145 mg/g at an initial concentration of 1300 mg/L (92% removal rate). The adsorption behaviors were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, which indicated that the adsorption was multilayer chemisorption with a saturated adsorption capacity of 1635 mg/g. The photocatalytic capacity from the SS composition was about 89 mg/g, and the sorption of MB dye onto the sorbent reached equilibrium after 300 min. The results suggested that MCS3-1 has enormous potential for removing MB from wastewater.

Strike-slip deformation belts are interesting structures in the crust and are of significance in petroleum exploration. The Shunbei 5 fault belt (SB5), a long strike-slip deformation belt in the Tarim Basin, played an important role in the formation of a recently discovered major oilfield known as the Shunbei oilfield. In this study, models of plan view and vertical profile were established to interpret SB5 with multi-cycled tectonic activities. To this end, its structural framework, tectonic evolution, and associated plate tectonics were investigated using 2D and 3D seismic data. SB5 was formed as a dextral simple shear belt at the end of the Middle Ordovician. In the plan view, R-shears and P-shears with local transpressional and transtensional structures were observed. Along the vertical profiles, various structural styles occurred at various depths and strata in response to various stratigraphy mechanisms. Although these structures show clear boundaries between them, they correspond to the same formation time, indicating that they underwent deformation simultaneously. The second activity of SB5 occurred at the end of the late Ordovician, during which it was a dextral transtensional strike-slip deformation belt consisting of left-stepping en echelon R-shears. The R-shears were transtensional during the progressive deformation. Subsequently, SB5 underwent several strike slips of weak strength. Notably, SB5 cut through a deep Middle Cambrian gypsum salt layer and connected the deep Lower Cambrian source rock with deep Lower and Middle Ordovician carbonates to form the oil and gas reservoirs. The established models are of reference value in the interpretation of other subsurface strike-slip deformation belts.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N uptake on grain yield to clarify the relationships between root morphophysiological traits and N uptake, and to understand relation between phytohormones and root morphophysiological traits. Two N-efficient absorption cultivars (NEAs) and two N-inefficient absorption cultivars (NIAs) were grown in the field, and three N conditions, deficient N (60 kg ha–1), intermediate N (180 kg ha–1), and sufficient N (240 kg ha–1), were applied during the growing season. The results showed higher dry matter and grain yield in NEAs than in NIAs, which was mainly attributed to increased N uptake in the mid- and late growth stages under all N conditions. And NEAs have different root regulation methods to obtain higher N accumulation and yield under different N supply conditions. Under lower N conditions, compared with NIAs, NEAs shown greater total root length, root oxidation activity, and root active absorbing surface area and smaller root diameter owing to higher indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin content and lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in the early growth stages to respond to low N stress faster, laying a morphophysiological basis for its high N-uptake capacity in the mid- and late growth stages. Under higher N conditions, NEAs had higher root oxidation activity and root active absorbing surface area for N uptake and yield formation owing to higher abscisic acid and cytokinin content in the mid- and late growth stages, which improved the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the rice grain yield. These results suggest that NEAs can optimize the morphophysiological characteristics of roots through phytohormone regulation to adapt to different nutrient conditions, thereby promoting N accumulation and yield formation in rice.

Drought stress at jointing–booting directly affects plant growth and productivity in rice. Limited by natural factors, the jointing and booting stages of short-growth-period rice varieties are highly overlapped in high-latitude areas, which are more sensitive to water deficit. However, little is known about the dry matter translocation in rice and the strategies of starch synthesis and filling of superior and inferior grains under different drought stress was unclear. In this study, the rice plants were subjected to three degrees of drought stress (−10 kPa, −25 kPa, −40 kPa) for 15 days during the jointing–booting stage; we investigated dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling and enzyme activities to starch synthesis of superior and inferior grains in rice with overlapping growth stages from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in the stems and leaves. Mild and moderate drought increased dry matter translocation efficiency. However, severe drought stress largely limited the dry matter accumulation and translocation. A large amount of dry matter remains in vegetative organs under severe drought stress. The high content in NSC in stem and sheath plays a key role in resisting drought stress. The drought stress at jointing–booting directly caused a change in the grain filling strategy. Under moderate and severe drought, the grain-filling active period of the superior grains was shortened to complete the necessary reproductive growth. The grain-filling active period of the inferior grains was significantly prolonged to avoid a decrease in grain yield. The significant decrease in the grain-filling rate of the superior and inferior grains caused a reduction in the thousand-grain weight. In particular, the influence of the grain-filling rate of inferior grains on the thousand-grain weight was more significant. Drought stress changed the starch synthesis strategies of the superior and inferior grains. Soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme activities of inferior grains increased significantly under drought stress. GBSS activity was not sensitive to drought stress. Therefore, amylose content was decreased and amylopectin synthesis was enhanced under drought stress, especially in inferior grains.

The detection of heavy metals in aqueous solutions has always attracted much attention from all over the world. A fluorescent probe of CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) was designed to detect trace Cd2+ in aqueous solutions using the OFF–ON mode rapidly and efficiently, likely based on adsorption and desorption reactions between ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and CdSe/CdS QDs. In the OFF mode, the optical shielding function of EDTA results in fluorescence quenching owing to the strong adsorption ability of EDTA with Cd2+ on the sites of CdSe/CdS QDs surface. In the ON mode, the introduction of Cd2+ promotes the desorption of EDTA from the EDTA-CdSe/CdS QDs and restores the fluorescence intensity. There were two linear response ranges which were 0.1–20 µmol/L and 20–90 µmol/L for the EDTA-CdSe/CdS system to detect Cd2+. The detection limit was 6 nmol/L, and the standard deviation was below 4% for the detection of Cd2+ concentration in tap water.

The influence of the types of architectural space on the residents’ consciousness of shared space, targeting mixed-status-family traditional residential buildings in the West Street area of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China was studied. The research was conducted through surveying, mapping, and an investigation of the current state of the buildings’ atria by using data statistics and function-fitting analysis. The study included the following four stages: 1. Because of modernization and urbanization, traditional buildings have been transforming from single-family to multi-family, leading to amalgamation. 2. With the emergence of amalgamated buildings, the shared space between households has changed from a street space to an atrium space, which is the most influential and includes three types: porch enclosure, hallway connection, and direct pathway. 3. The shared space consciousness of occupants was simulated by investigating how the overflow (two- and three-dimensional) of the atrium has been used. 4. The influence of space types on the consciousness of shared space is elucidated using data statistics and function-fitting analysis.