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Abstract The goal of this work is to develop a Machine Learning model to predict the need for both invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using the Philips eICU Research Institute (ERI) database, 2.6 million ICU patient data from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. This data was randomly split into training (63%), validation (27%), and test (10%) sets. Additionally, an external test set from a single hospital from the ERI database was employed to assess the model's generalizability. Model performance was determined by comparing the model probability predictions with the actual incidence of ventilation use, either invasive or non‐invasive. The model demonstrated a prediction performance with an AUC of 0.921 for overall ventilation, 0.937 for invasive, and 0.827 for non‐invasive. Factors such as high Glasgow Coma Scores, younger age, lower BMI, and lower PaCO2 were highlighted as indicators of a lower likelihood for the need for ventilation. The model can serve as a retrospective benchmarking tool for hospitals to assess ICU performance concerning mechanical ventilation necessity. It also enables analysis of ventilation strategy trends and risk‐adjusted comparisons, with potential for future testing as a clinical decision tool for optimizing ICU ventilation management.

Intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines via electroporation (ID-EP) has shown clinical promise, but the use of needle electrodes is typically required to achieve consistent results. Here, delivery of a DNA vaccine targeting the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is achieved using noninvasive intradermal vacuum-EP (ID-VEP), which functions by pulling a small volume of skin tissue into a vacuum chamber containing noninvasive electrodes to perform EP at the injection site. Gene expression and immunogenicity correlated with EP parameters and vacuum chamber geometry in guinea pigs. ID-VEP generated potent humoral and cellular immune responses across multiple studies, while vacuum (without EP) greatly enhanced localized transfection but did not improve immunogenicity. Because EP was performed noninvasively, the only treatment site reaction observed was transient redness, and ID-VEP immune responses were comparable to a clinical needle-based ID-EP device. The ID-VEP delivery procedure is straightforward and highly repeatable, without any dependence on operator technique. This work demonstrates a novel, reliable, and needle-free delivery method for DNA vaccines.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture strength and stress distribution of four ceramic restorations. Methods Forty human mandibular first molars were collected and randomized into four groups after establishing the distal defect: full crown group with 4 mm axial wall height (AWH) (FC4); short AWH crown group with 2 mm AWH (SC2); occlusal veneer group with 0 mm AWH (OV0); occlusal distal veneer group with only the distal surface prepared, and 4 mm AWH (OD4). The teeth were prepared according to the groups and the ceramic restorations were completed using celtra duo ceramic blocks. The ceramic thickness of the occlusal surface is about 1.5 mm and the edge is about 1 mm. The failure load values and fracture modes of each group were detected by mechanical test in vitro. According to the groups to establish three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) models, a 600 N loading force was applied vertically using a hemispherical indenter with a diameter of 6 mm. and compare the stress distribution under the condition of different restorations. Results In vitro mechanical tests showed that the failure load values were SC2 (3232.80 ± 708.12 N) > OD4 (2886.90 ± 338.72 N) > VO0 (2133.20 ± 376.15 N) > FC4(1635.40 ± 413.05 N). The failure load values of the short AWH crown and occlusal distal veneer were significantly higher than that of occlusal veneer and full crown (P VO0 (214.3 MPa) > OD4 (197.9 MPa) > SC2 (163.1 MPa). The stress of enamel was concentrated in the area where the remaining enamel was thinner, the maximum von Mises stress values was OD4 (246.2 MPa) ≈ FC4 (212.4 MPa) > VO0 (61.8 MPa) ≈ SC2 (45.81 MPa). The stress of dentin is concentrated in the root furcation and the upper third region of the root. However, stress concentration was observed at the tooth cervix in the full crown. Conclusion Under certain conditions, the occlusal distal veneer shows better performance than the full crown.

Predicting the duration of ventilation in the ICU helps in assessing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury, ensuring sufficient oxygenation, and optimizing resource allocation. Prior models provided a prediction of total duration without distinguishing between invasive and non-invasive ventilation. This work proposes two independent gradient boosting regression models for predicting the duration of invasive and non-invasive ventilation based on commonly available ICU features. These models are trained on 2.6 million patient stays across 350 US hospitals between 2010 to 2019. The mean absolute error (MAE) for the prediction of duration was 2.08 days for invasive ventilation and 0.36 days for non-invasive ventilation. The total ventilation duration predicted by our model had MAE of 2.38 days, which outperformed the gold standard (APACHE) with MAE of 3.02 days. The feature importance analysis of the trained models showed that, for invasive ventilation, high average heart rate, diagnosis of respiratory infection and admissions from locations other than the operating room were associated with longer ventilation durations. For non-invasive ventilation, higher respiratory rates and having any GCS measurement were associated with longer durations.

4Cr5MoSiV (H11) steel machining chips were crushed to a powder and then consolidated into discs by hot pressing under various consolidation parameters. The discs were subjected to modified spheroidizing annealing treatment, and their evolved microstructure, tensile mechanical properties and fracture behavior were studied. The microstructure consisted of α−Fe as a matrix, together with heterogeneously distributed non metallic inclusions from the chip-crushing step and precipitated secondary phases. The yield strength, fracture strength and elongation to fracture of the consolidated discs were determined to be in the range of 215∼264 ​MPa, 344∼415 ​MPa and 1.2∼2.6%, respectively. The strength of the recycled H11 steel was comparable with that of the ingot metallurgy (IM) H11 steel, but the tensile ductility of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter, being mainly caused by the fracture of the non-metallic inclusions along with the hard secondary phase particles in the IM H11 steel which leads to premature fracture of the samples. The Vickers hardness of the samples were in the range of 144∼194 HV being comparable to that of the IM counterpart. Factographs of the fracture surface demonstrated that the tensile test specimens fractured in a brittle fracture mode.

The Sinian Dengying Fm in the Sichuan Basin is a set of fractured-vuggy reservoirs mainly dominated by sedimentation and karstification, and characterized by small fractures and vugs, complex stratigraphy and lithology, and strong vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity. As a result, the drilling rates are lower and single-well gas productivity varies greatly there. And the reservoir identification results based on seismic data in this area are ambiguous. In view of this, the Deng 4 Member in the Gaoshiti buried structure on the southern flank of the Leshan–Longnüsi palaeohigh was precisely divided in stratigraphy. Then, the types of reservoir assemblages were determined based on gas well logging and test data, and the seismic response characteristics of typical wells with different types of reservoir assemblages and the seismic modes of high productivity wells were studied by using high-resolution seismic data. It is indicated that the Deng 4 Member in this area is divided into three types of reservoir assemblages, which correspond to three seismic modes. Seismic mode I: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs + double highlights” or “wide wave troughs + complex waves”, indicating that fractures and vugs are developed. It is the preferred seismic mode of high productivity wells in the stage of development. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells or horizontal wells can be implemented. Seismic mode II: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs”, indicating that fractures and vugs are relatively developed. It is the mode of moderate productivity wells. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells can be implemented. Seismic mode III: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs + highlights”, indicating that fractures and vugs are underdeveloped. It is mode of low productivity wells, in which the technology of horizontal wells can be implemented. The new understandings on seismic modes were applied on site. It is shown that the reservoir drilling rate is over 60% and the average gas production rate during the production test of 8 wells is up to 75.34 × 104 m3/d. It is concluded that the seismic mode of high productivity wells based on seismic facies, fracture and vug prediction and integrated target design provides a support for the well arrangement and drilling trajectory adjustment in natural gas exploration and development in the Gaoshiti area and good results have been achieved. Keywords: Sichuan Basin, Gaoshiti area, Sinian, Dengying Formation, Karst, Fractured-vuggy reservoir, Seismic response, Seismic mode of high productivity well, Fracture and vug prediction

A high-precision wavelength demodulation method based on optical fiber Fabry-Perot tunable (FPT) filter is proposed for the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing system. This algorithm uses the original sampling data obtained from the data acquisition card to simultaneously calculate the transmission spectrum of the F-P etalon (FPE) and the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating (FPG) sensors. In each scanning cycle, the transmission spectrum wavelength of the F-P etalon (FPE) is calibrated dynamically in real time, the reflectance spectrum central wavelength of the FPE sensors is calculated by referring to the transmission spectrum wavelength of the FPE that has been calibrated. It effectively weakens the perturbation effect caused by the nonlinear and non-reproducibility of narrowband light source from the fiber FPT filter, reduces the numerical error and effectively eliminates the pseudo peak of the FPE, and greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the system. Most programming languages can implement this algorithm. A temperature sensing experiment for the proposed method has been carried out. Results showed that the demodulation precision by our method could reach up to ±0.2 °C, wavelength demodulation accuracy 3 pm.

The petrophysical and logging response characteristics of asphaltene carbonate reservoirs were examined based on the measurement of porosity and permeability, density, compressional and shear wave slowness, resistivity and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance transverse relaxation time (T2) of cores before and after the bitumen dissolving. The results show that (1) the asphalt can damage the pore structure of the reservoir and cause reduction of effective reservoir space and permeability; (2) with the increase of asphalt content, the compression and shear wave slowness generally decrease while the density and resistivity increase; (3) with the increase of asphalt content, the compressional wave slowness and density change less, while the shear wave slowness and resistivity change larger; and (4) the T2 values of asphalt are generally less than 3 ms, and the higher the maturity of the asphalt, the lower the T2 value. Based on these experiments, a method based on conventional and special logging methods was presented to evaluate asphalt content, effective porosity and water saturation in asphaltene carbonate reservoirs. The method has already been applied to 80 wells in the Longwangmiao Formation of the Anyue gas field in the Sichuan Basin to pick out zones rich in asphalt on the plane, which has effectively guided the selection of well location in the gas reservoir development. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, asphalt, carbonate reservoir, nuclear magnetic resonance logging, petrophysical properties, logging evaluation

Abstract Background To avoid untoward changes when primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth, resorption of the material used in primary teeth root canal filling should occur at the same rate as root resorption. The Aim of this study was to compare the success rates of a mixed primary root canal filling (MPRCF, ingredients: zinc oxide–eugenol [ZOE], iodoform, calcium hydroxide) to those of ZOE and Vitapex in pulpectomised primary molars. Methods One hundred and sixty primary molars from 155 children (average age 5.88 ± 1.27 years) underwent two-visit pulpectomy using one of the three materials. The clinical and radiographic findings at 6, 12 and 18 months were assessed. Results At 6 and 12 months, the MPRCF and ZOE success rates were 100%. The Vitapex group showed clinical success rate and radiographic success rate of 100 and 94.5% at 6 months, and 80.4 and 60.7% at 12 months. The 18-month clinical success rates of the MPRCF, ZOE and Vitapex were 96.2, 92.2 and 71.4% and radiographic success rates were 92.5, 88.2 and 53.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the success rates between MPRCF and Vitapex and no significant differences between MPRCF and ZOE. More MPRCF were resorbed at same rate with roots than ZOE and Vitapex. Early resorption of root filling resulted in more failure. Conclusions The mixture of ZOE, iodoform and calcium hydroxide can be considered an effective root canal filling material in pulp involved primary teeth and had no adverse effect on tooth replacement. Trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-14004938 . Registered 13 July 2014.

We propose a real-time parallel data acquisition and big data processing method. This method can multiplex different types of fiber sensors and quickly complete the simultaneous sampling of thousands of sensors on hundreds of channels in four-parameter heterogeneous fiber sensor network, its sampling frequency is up to 6.4MHz, and the data throughput is up to 13.8MB/s. This method is three times faster than the usual method.