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Background: The assessment criteria used in determining the readiness of a patient under spinal anesthesia to be discharged from the recovery room is the Bromage score. Delays in moving patients can cause additional treatment costs recovery room, hypothermia, and anxiety in patients. Purpose: This research aims to determine differences in achievement time. Bromage scored 0 post-cesarean sections with the ERACS method and not ERACS for mothers giving birth at RSUD SLG Kediri. Method: This research uses a design true experiment with a type posttest-only control group. With purposive sampling A sample of 60 respondents was obtained, divided equally between experimental groups and methods ERACS and the control group with the Non method ERACS, and statistical tests were carried out by Mann-Whitney. Results: The results of research from 60 respondents showed that the majority of patients who used the ERACS method reached a bromage score of 0 within 26-35 minutes after spinal anesthesia. Meanwhile, the majority of patients who use non-methods ERACS reach a bromage score of 0 in 126-135 minutes. Statistical test analysis Mann-Whitney The significance results obtained were p value=0.000 (

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease indicated by the presence of hyperglycemia. It has been known that hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are the main culprit of all DM complications, including macrovascular complications. As a byproduct of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive substance which plays a positive signaling role in helping cells regain redox balance under oxidative stress circumstances. DM-related problems lead to an excess of mitochondrial superoxide in the heart and big and small vascular endothelial cells. Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species induce impaired angiogenesis in reaction to ischemia, trigger several proinflammatory pathways, and result in enduring epigenetic modifications that propel the continuous expression of proinflammatory genes even after glucose levels return to normal. Over time, the significance of the extremely quick advanced glycation end-products (AGE) production caused by the extremely reactive MGO has been clarified. It is now evident that MGO causes vascular tissue to react maladaptively. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is the primary enzyme in an organism's enzymatic glyoxalase defense mechanism, which converts MGO to D-lactate in order to counteract the harmful effects of MGO. Understanding the role of the MGO–GLO1 pathway in the etiology of vascular disease in diabetes has advanced significantly. Therefore, it can be summarized that vascular damage are linked to diabetes. The AGE precursor MGO are important in determining the connection between diabetes and vascular damage. MGO and AGEs play a role in several phases of the development of diabetes complications. MGO and AGEs may be useful therapeutic targets for diabetes's macrovascular problems. KEYWORDS: hyperglycemia, AGE, methylglyoxal, glyoxalase, D-lactate, gluthatione, oxidative stress.

Background and Study Aim. Monitoring physiological responses during training is crucial for understanding how athletes adapt to various exercise intensities. However, the specific effects of combining Small-Sided Game (SSG) and Speed-Endurance Training (SET) on these parameters require the search for more effective solutions. This study aims to determine the effect of combined SSG and SET on heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Material and Methods. This quantitative research employed an experimental method with a weekly pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of eighty-two members of the Unesa Soccer Student Activity Unit. A sample of eighteen individuals was selected through simple random sampling. The sample had the following characteristics: age 20±0.69 years, weight 65±9.54 kg, height 165.22±4.31 cm, and BMI 22.82±1.92. Data were collected using the Polar H-10 device, and RPE interviews were conducted ten minutes after each training session. Data analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The results showed a significant difference in HR for pair 1 (p = 0.037), but no significant differences for pair 2 (p = 0.058) or pair 3 (p = 0.076). However, the results for RPE indicated significant differences in pair 1 (p = 0.001), pair 2 (p = 0.004), and pair 3 (p = 0.002). The combination of SSG and SET led to an increase in HR during the first and second weeks. In the third week, HR decreased. RPE increased from the first to the second week. It then stabilized in the third and fourth weeks, indicating a consistent level of effort. The decrease in HR during the third week, despite the same effort level, suggests that the athletes successfully adapted to the training program. Conclusions. The combination of SSG and SET demonstrates potential as an effective training method for improving both physiological performance and adaptation in athletes. These findings offer valuable insights into how athletes respond to structured training programs, providing a foundation for future research and practical applications in sports training. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the role that specific training combinations play in athlete development and recovery.

In recent years, cryptocurrency has garnered significant interest from investors. Herding behavior bias frequently influences the rationality of purchasing decisions in novice crypto investors. In addition, greed can affect the decision-making process regarding the nominal of investment. This study aimed to examine the role of herding behavior in novice crypto investors' purchasing decisions and assess the role of greed as a moderator. The study employed an experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. Thirty participants were selected using convenience sampling techniques and divided into two groups (experiment and control groups). Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison testing and PROCESS Hayes for moderation analysis. The results indicated that herding behavior played a significant role in purchasing decision-making (U = 60; p < 0.05), whereas greed did not serve as a moderator in the relationship between herding behavior and nominal decision-making (b = -0.001; CI = -0.075, 0.072; p > 0.05). Instead of relying on rational decision-making, novice cryptocurrency investors frequently succumb to herding behavior. The ambiguity of information and investors' inability to make informed decisions lead to herding behavior being perceived as the most viable option.

Solar panels exposed to solar radiation will produce heat, affecting their efficiency. A solution to this problem is integrating solar panels with thermoelectric generators that can convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In general, thermoelectric generators are equipped with heatsinks as heat absorbers. Many studies only look at the addition of heatsinks without examining the effect of the type of heatsink material used. Based on this background, this study identifies the effect of heatsink materials on the efficiency produced by solar panel thermoelectric devices. The purpose of this study is to determine which heatsink material can produce high efficiency in solar panel-thermoelectric devices. This research is useful for improving the efficiency of solar-thermoelectric hybrid devices. The novelty of this study is the selection of various heatsink materials that are directly tested against the efficiency of hybrid devices. The heatsink materials tested in this study were aluminum and copper. The equipment was tested by measuring the current and voltage generated by the solar panel-thermoelectric using a multimeter which was then used to calculate its power. The results showed that the hybrid solar panel-thermoelectric device with a heatsink made of copper produced a higher output power of 1.882 mW compared to aluminum material which was only 0.513 mW.

Objectives. This study aimed to examine the physiological response to speed endurance soccer training (SEST), which involved the measurement of heart rate (HR), blood lactate (LAC), and blood pressure (BP) are measured during the four-week intervention period. Materials and methods. The one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design was used in this study. The study comprised 15 male amateur soccer players with an average age of 16.13 ± 0.52 years. The participants’ mean height was 167.4 ± 4.63 cm, weight was 57.69 ± 12.11 kg, and BMI was 20.44 ± 3.45 kg/m². The data findings are presented using the mean and standard deviation. The paired t-test was employed to assess the impact of each group. The threshold for statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. The effect size (ES) was calculated using Cohen’s ES as a metric to quantify the magnitude of the difference between the pretest and posttest stages. Results. The HR results monitoring during the intervention period were in the high-intensity zone, with an average of 91.67 ± 0.6 % and a HR of 187.67 ± 1.24 bpm. No significant change was observed in the heart rate response from baseline to end of intervention. The LAC results showed that the lactate level was in the high category, namely an average of 11.03 ± 1.3 mmol∙L-1. BP indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p ≤ 0.05). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) demonstrated an increase of Δ % = 0.95, while the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed an increase of Δ % = 1.39. Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that SEST has a notable effect on the body’s physiological functions, namely on the cardiovascular system, anaerobic metabolism, and blood pressure. This effect was observed over a period of four weeks in amateur soccer players.

Abstract The ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN) is the target of therapeutic drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide and is recruited by most targeted protein degraders (PROTACs and molecular glues) in clinical development. Biophysical and structural investigation of CRBN has been limited by current constructs that either require co-expression with the adaptor DDB1 or inadequately represent full-length protein, with high-resolution structures of degrader ternary complexes remaining rare. We present the design of CRBNmidi, a construct that readily expresses from E. coli with high yields as soluble, stable protein without DDB1. We benchmark CRBNmidi for wild-type functionality through a suite of biophysical techniques and solve high-resolution co-crystal structures of its binary and ternary complexes with degraders. We qualify CRBNmidi as an enabling tool to accelerate structure-based discovery of the next generation of CRBN based therapeutics.

Abstract Mental health issues have increased substantially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, health policymakers do not have adequate data and tools to predict mental health demand, especially amid a crisis. Using time-series data collected in Singapore, this study examines if and how algorithmically measured emotion indicators from Twitter posts can help forecast emergency mental health needs. We measured the mental health needs during 549 days from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2021 using the public’s daily visits to the emergency room of the country’s largest psychiatric hospital and the number of users with “crisis” state assessed through a government-initiated online mental health self-help portal. Pairwise Granger-causality tests covering lag length from 1 day to 5 days indicated that forecast models using Twitter joy, anger and sadness emotions as predictors perform significantly better than baseline models using past mental health needs data alone (e.g., Joy Intensity on IMH Visits, χ2 = 14·9, P < ·001***; Sadness Count on Mindline Crisis, χ2 = 4·6, P = ·031*, with a one-day lag length). The findings highlight the potential of new early indicators for tracking emerging public mental health needs.

Introduction: The irrational use of medicines remains prevalent globally despite education efforts, leading to decreased treatment quality and increased healthcare costs. With the rise of onlinelearning during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual simulation offers a promising solution to enhance the teaching of rational medicine use among medical students. This study aimed to investigate medical students’ perspectives and needs regarding the implementation of virtual simulation in learning the rational use of medicines.Methods: This study, conducted at Universitas Indonesia from August 2022 to September 2023, used a mixed-method approach to assess the needs for developing virtual simulation in educationof rational medicine use. A validated questionnaire with 14 closed ended and 14 open-ended questions was completed by 281 medical students. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, using SPSS v16, while thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses.Results: Students perceived virtual simulations to be the most effective tool for distance learning and suggested features like case scenarios, realistic representation, a good user interface, anduser-friendly navigation. The majority preferred a 10–20-minute duration for virtual simulations. Additionally, 52.3% had no prior knowledge of the rational use of medicines, but acknowledgedits importance. Virtual simulations could be used to explain the concept, management, and implementation of the rational use of medicines. Conclusion: Virtual simulation should be implemented in distance learning on rational medicine use to increase students’ motivation, understanding, retention, interactivity, and focus. The findings might be utilized by medical educators to tailor virtual simulation design to meet medical students’ needs and expectations.

MIL-100(Fe) was prepared and subsequently used to remove crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions simulating dye-containing wastewater in the environment. In the future, it is aimed that MIL-100(Fe) can be used in managing dye-containing wastewater in the environment and reducing the negative impacts it can cause. Here, MIL-100(Fe) fabrication needs to be optimized to obtain optimum process conditions, which are environmentally friendly and can produce MIL-100(Fe) with the best characteristics. This study focused on optimizing the fabrication of MIL-100(Fe), which is a type of MOF with good chemical stability, thermal stability, and flexible structure. In this study, the room-temperature fabrication of MIL-100(Fe) was established using a ligand-to-metal molar ratio of 0.95 and an acetic acid concentration of 5.1 vol% for 6.2 h. The optimum MIL-100(Fe) was tested for crystal violet removal and provided an optimum removal capacity of 182.66 ± 3.81 mg/g. Statistical approaches are used to investigate the independent parameters and their interactions contributing to MIL-100(Fe) formation.

A novel mathematical modeling approach for the Triple-Diode Model (TDM) and its parameter estimation is introduced in this paper. For the first time in the literature, this paper presents two analytical solutions for calculating the current in TDM solar cells using the Lambert W function. Additionally, a new metaheuristic algorithm, the Adaptive Evaporation Rate Water Cycle Algorithm (Adaptive ERWCA), is proposed for estimating TDM solar cell parameters. The proposed algorithm is tested using both the new analytical solutions and a well-known iterative approach for the current-voltage characteristics of the TDM solar cells model. Extensive testing is conducted on three well-known solar cells/modules and a panel under various weather conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed analytical expressions for the current-voltage characteristics are accurate and highly effective for representing TDM solar cell current. The accuracy of the parameter estimates obtained with the application of the proposed algorithm, considering both analytical solutions and the iterative approach, is compared with existing literature results. It is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in solar cell parameter estimation across both the analytical and iterative approaches for current-voltage characteristics. Remarkably, for the RTC France solar cell, the SOLAREX MSX 60 solar module, and the PHOTOWATT-PWP 201 solar module, the obtained Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) are 0.00075141, 0.01157153, and 0.0010578, respectively. These results are currently the best reported in the literature.

Traditional physical education approaches, which often focus on decontextualized sports techniques, may affect the student engagement leading to learning difficulties. The Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model, which emphasizes game understanding and skill development through actual plays, offers a pedagogical alternative. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using TGfU with modified traditional games, specifically the Kasti game, to improve the game understanding of primary school students. The pre-experimental design, specifically the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, was used. This study involved 24 Grade 5 students from a public primary school in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The TGfU model was implemented using a modified version of the Kasti game adapted to the school curriculum. The game comprehension was measured using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI), focusing on decision-making, skill execution, and covering ability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests to compare pretest and posttest results. Results of this study found a significant improvement in the student game comprehension after the intervention. The mean scores for skill execution, decision-making, and covering ability increased the overall game understanding from the pretest mean of 0.61 to the posttest mean of 0.67. The number of students categorized in the Effective Performance category increased, indicating improved cognitive and tactical understanding. The study concludes that TGfU, which incorporates modified traditional games, could effectively improve game understanding of primary school students. This approach could enhance student cognitive abilities and increase their enjoyment and engagement in sports. These findings suggest that TGfU is a viable model for teaching physical education.

(1) Background: This study aims to assess visceral fat values, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage for their ability to predict poor outcomes during COVID-19 patients’ hospitalization; (2) Methods: This study was a prospective cohort of mild–moderate COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. This study includes hospitalized patients over 18 diagnosed with COVID-19 using RT-PCR. Patients who do not have chest radiography, waist circumference, a bioimpedance analyzer (BIA) error, or are unable to stand or mobilize during the examination are excluded from this study. Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis; (3) Results: The study included two hundred sixty-one patients. The median visceral fat value was 10 (equivalent to 100 cm2), the WC was 93.4 cm, the BMI was 26.1 kg/m2, and the body fat percentage was 31.5%. Based on multivariate Cox regression, WC was statistically significant as an independent factor influencing poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients (RR 1.037 [95% CI 1.011–1.064]) along with COVID-19 degree of severity (RR 3.063 [95% CI 1.537–6.104]) and comorbidities (RR 2.123 [95% CI 1.017–4.435]); (4) Conclusions: Waist circumference can influence poor outcomes in confirmed COVID-19 patients during hospitalization.

Research Purposes. This study examines the influence of Love of Money, Machiavellian, and Distrust to Fiscus, as well as Religiosity as a moderator on Ethical Perception of Tax Avoidance. Research Methods. This quantitative research collects primary data through online questionnaires. Respondents in this study included 117 accounting students from 26 universities in DKI Jakarta Province, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data in this study were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. Research Results and Findings. This study's results indicate that Machiavellian positively influences the Ethical Perception of Tax Avoidance. Meanwhile, the Ethical Perception of Tax Avoidance is not influenced by the Love of Money and the Distrust to Fiscus, and Religiosity also does not moderate it. The findings of this study are expected to enrich the literature related to the influence of Machiavellian on the Ethical Perception of Tax Avoidance and recommend to the Government and Universities to consider Machiavellian factors when formulating taxation and education policies.

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) belly, a by-product of the frozen fish fillet industry, has certain processing limitations, thereby reducing product utilization and selling value. It is a potential process for producing products with highl market acceptance. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the chemical characteristics of a catfish belly in various smoking methods and its sensory profile. Various smoking methods in this research include smoking cabinets, vertical offset smokers, traditional smoking houses, and liquid smoke, which had different parameters of time, temperature, and distance to the smoke source. The chemical characteristics of smoked catfish belly were determined in terms of proximates, total phenols, and total acid. The sensory profiles in the form of intensity of 8 attributes of smoked catfish belly were obtained using the Rate-All-That-Apply method accompanied by a hedonic test (n = 80). Different smoking parameters in each method greatly influence the chemical characteristics and sensory profiles produced. Methods with longer smoking times will produce lower water content, increasing the fat content and a strong smoky aroma and taste. The correlation between chemical characteristics, sensory profile, and hedonic was also analyzed using Partial Least Square Regression (PLS regression) to determine the relationship with the stomach of smoked catfish belly using various methods. Of all the methods, the smoking cabinet was the optimal method for processing smoked catfish belly.

Poverty is a major concern of the Indonesian government and the government's efforts to reduce poverty are a national development priority. Therefore, it is interesting to identify the factors that influence poverty in Indonesia. Considering a spatial perspective, Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) method is applied to the panel data set of 34 Indonesia provinces over the period 2016-2021. The best fitted model is found when using the adaptive kernel weighting function with poverty rate, length of schooling, provincial minimum wave, human development index, literacy rate, and unemployment rate as the predictor variables. The result suggests that provinces in Indonesia can be divided into seven groups based on significant predictors on poverty rate. The fixed effect GWPR model is the final model selected for the data which can explain about 75.64% of the variability in poverty rate in Indonesia. Keywords: Fixed effect model, Geographically Weighted Panel Regression, Adaptive kernel. MSC2020: 62P25.

Electric vehicles have become one of the most important innovations in the automotive industry in recent years. This is not only related to technological developments, but also to its significant impact on the environment and lifestyle of global society. Lot of people do not know about the benefit of using electric vehicles for our environment. The transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles can really make our environment healthier and also reducing the pollution. At the same time, debates and feelings about electric vehicles continue to grow around the world. This study aims to understand the dynamics of people's feelings and opinions about electric vehicles through sentiment analysis using the FastText and IndoBERT methods. FastText is an efficient text classification and representation learning method developed by Facebook's AI Research (FAIR) lab. IndoBERT is a pre-trained language model specifically designed for the Indonesian language, leveraging the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) architecture. By analyzing a total of 119,310 data from January 2020 to June 2023, the tweets data were categorized into negative, neutral, and positive classes. Model yielded the highest accuracy of 82.5% using IndoBERT method. The results outcomes positive perceptions of electric vehicles among Indonesian citizen with a percentage of 58%. By carrying out this research, it is hoped that it can produce quality information for producers, the community and the government in developing and advancing public interest in purchasing electric vehicles considering the very positive impact they have on the surrounding environment.

This paper addresses the common challenges faced by network administrators in managing and troubleshooting network issues. Traditional desktop-based network management tools often restrict mobility and responsiveness, hindering the ability to address network problems promptly. To address these limitations, this study presents the development of a mobile-based network tools information system. The proposed solution integrates various network management functionalities into a mobile application, enabling administrators to monitor, diagnose, and resolve network issues remotely. Employing a design and implementation approach, the research includes user requirements analysis, system design, and rigorous testing. Results show significant improvements in response times and diagnostic accuracy. User feedback highlights high satisfaction with the system's functionality and ease of use. Overall, the mobile-based network tools information system offers a versatile and effective solution for network management, enhancing operational efficiency and responsiveness in diverse network environments.

Pulmonary diseases can be associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) system, particularly if an infection causes them. This relationship between organs is known as the gut-lung axis (GLA). Skin and mucosal surfaces are associated with microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses, macrophages, archaea, protists, helminths), which can trigger an immune response in GLA and serve a role in respiratory diseases. For instance, asthma can be inhibited by a specific antigen that is triggered by probiotics, the microorganisms found in the GI tract. Asthma incidence can be reduced by consuming fiber due to its ability to protect airways from infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first immune component to identify microbial compounds in GI and lung epithelial cells. The PRRs then induce regulatory T-cell (T-reg) and Th-17 differentiation. Diet, antibiotics, and stress can all influence the structure and function of bacteria. This is known as dysbiosis. Lung microbiota can influence immune cell maturation and homeostasis. If the diversity of lung microbiota decreases, it will affect intestinal microbiota and may result in chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis. This literature review explained how the interactions between the intestines and lungs can affect humans’ health and well-being.

The rapid development of technology opens up new avenues for cybercriminals to carry out acts of social engineering and eavesdropping between devices. Social engineering refers to manipulation, influence, or deception used to gain control of a computer system. This technique is utilized by cybercriminals to steal sensitive information from their victims. This research focuses on analyzing social engineering and eavesdropping techniques between devices using SCRCPY, an Android screen control tool that allows remote control of Android devices from a computer. SCRCPY presents new opportunities for cybercriminals to launch spoofing and sniffing attacks, two common techniques used in social engineering attacks. This research explores various eavesdropping scenarios, analyzing interactions between devices and users, as well as security system responses to suspicious activity. The results show that SCRCPY can be used for various social engineering and eavesdropping attacks. Cybercriminals can use SCRCPY to gain control of a victim's Android device through the perpetrator's desktop computer. These findings indicate that social engineering attacks and eavesdropping between devices are becoming increasingly sophisticated and difficult to detect. Therefore, users need to increase their awareness of these risks and take steps to protect themselves. Keywords: Social engineering, SCRCPY, spoofing, sniffing, device security.

This study aims to investigate the impact of the concept of “bandarmology” or herd behavior (HB) on the investment decisions of millennial stock investors in Indonesia who are influenced by influencer Anton Swandana. The research adopts a quantitative approach with an ex post facto method and uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique to test the hypothesis. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 100 respondents selected by the quota sampling technique. The results indicate that source credibility, herd behavior, risk perception, and emotional response have a significant effect on investment behavior intention. This research contributes to the field of stock investment in Indonesia by providing a deeper understanding of the behavior of millennial stock investors and the factors that influence their investment decisions.

The operation of power transformer in an electric system is the cause of noise in form of sound. At a certain level, this noise can be considered as pollution, interfering with the comfort and health of human hearing. The phenomenon shows the need to understand load noise that is generated during the design process of power transformer. However, a major related problem is the unavailability of an accurate load noise model capable of precise prediction during the design stage. Therefore, this research aimed to develop load noise model based on an artificial neural network for power transformer to predict the generated load noise value. The development process was carried out using a trained backpropagation neural network (BPNN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Before training for neural network, input parameters such as power, impedance, and winding geometry factors were selected and normalized. The linear regression method was used to assess the quality of neural network model training results. For performance comparison, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the Reiplinger method were also developed. The results showed that load noise model was developed based on BPNN with seven hidden layers and nine neurons for each layer. Model showed acceptable output variables, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.007, 0.464, 0.708, and 0.998, respectively. Furthermore, the prediction of load noise achieved through BPNN showed significantly high accuracy compared to the existing standard formulas.

This study aims to examine the impact of gamification on financial knowledge through student enjoyment and student engagement. This study employed a quantitative approach and used a survey to examine the relationships between variables. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with 289 students who have previously received financial education at a public university participating as respondents. The research instrument utilized a questionnaire developed based on prior studies. The results were tested using Variational Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) to analyze the influence between variables. The findings showed that gamification had a positive impact on student enjoyment and student engagement. This study demonstrates that gamification does not directly influence students' financial knowledge. Student engagement fully mediated the effect of gamification on students' financial knowledge, whereas enjoyment does not affect students' financial knowledge. This study underscores the importance of fostering student engagement in gamification to enhance financial knowledge. The implications of this research include strengthening student engagement through various strategies, such as apperception, motivation, and interaction during the use of gamification in financial education.

Abstract While rapid demographic changes in Asia are driving the incidence of chronic aging-related diseases, the limited availability of high-quality in vivo data hampers our ability to understand complex multi-factorial contributions, including gut microbial, to healthy aging. Leveraging a well-phenotyped cohort of community-living octogenarians in Singapore, we used deep shotgun-metagenomic sequencing for high-resolution taxonomic and functional characterization of their gut microbiomes (n = 234). Joint species-level analysis with other Asian cohorts identified distinct age-associated shifts characterized by reduction in microbial richness, and specific Alistipes and Bacteroides species enrichment (e.g., Alistipes shahii and Bacteroides xylanisolvens). Functional analysis confirmed these changes correspond to metabolic potential expansion in aging towards alternate pathways synthesizing and utilizing amino-acid precursors, vis-à-vis dominant microbial guilds producing butyrate in gut from pyruvate (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia inulinivorans). Extending these observations to key clinical markers helped identify >10 robust microbial associations to inflammation, cardiometabolic and liver health, including potential probiotic species (e.g., Parabacteroides goldsteinii) and pathobionts (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae), highlighting the microbiome’s role as biomarkers and potential targets for promoting healthy aging.

This research explores the application and potential of batik business actors in the implications of the circular economy (CE) model in Pekalongan, Indonesia. As a prominent cultural heritage, the batik industry is essential to the regional economy. However, conventional linear production and consumption practices have resulted in environmental challenges, resource depletion, and waste generation. By embracing CE principles that emphasize resource efficiency, waste reduction, and closed-loop systems, the batik industry in Pekalongan can develop sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This study examines critical aspects of CE implementation, starting with community participation in the batik, drawing insights from successful CE implementation in other industries. The implementation of CE in other industries is the role of business actors in the business chain outside Kampong. This paper analyzes the potential benefits and challenges of implementing CE in the Pekalongan batik industry and the role of stakeholders in promoting circularity. By highlighting the feasibility of the CE model, the results of this research are that the level of community participation in implementing a CE has not been maximized with the potential remaining production output so that this aspect of the condition becomes a sustainable opportunity to encourage sustainable practices in the Pekalongan batik industry.

Isoniazid (INH) is a frontline antituberculosis agent effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the increasing challenge of avoiding multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, including INH resistance, necessitates innovative approaches. This study focused on enhancing macrophage phagocytosis to overcome INH resistance. Glucomannan, an immunomodulatory polysaccharide, emerged as a potential macrophage activator. Our objective was to characterize the glucomannan-INH mixture and assess its impact on INH efficacy and macrophage activity. Detailed examination of the glucomannan from Amorphophallus muelleri (0.05%–0.2%) was performed in several methods. INH sensitivity tests were carried out with the Mtb strain H37RV on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7) viability and activity were evaluated through MTT and latex bead phagocytosis assays. Ultraviolet-wavelength spectrophotometry was used to analyze chemical structure changes. Glucomannan (0.05%–0.2%) significantly enhanced murine macrophage viability and activity. When glucomannan was combined with INH, the IC50 value was greater compared to INH only. Phagocytosis assays revealed heightened macrophage activity in the presence of 0.05% and 0.1% glucomannan. Importantly, glucomannan did not compromise INH efficacy or alter its chemical structure. This study underscores the potential of glucomannan, particularly with a lower molecular weight, as a promising enhancer of INH, boosting macrophage phagocytosis against INH-resistant Mtb. These findings challenge the assumptions about the impact of glucomannan on drug absorption and prompt potential reevaluation. While specific receptors for glucomannan in macrophage phagocytosis require further exploration, the complement receptors are proposed to be potential mediators.

Background and Study Aim. Foot health and physical fitness in children are closely interconnected, playing a vital role in ensuring their overall well-being and performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between flat feet, body balance, and physical performance of junior high school students. Material and Methods. A total of 109 junior high school students from five schools in Surabaya, Indonesia, with ages ranging from 12 to 14 years, participated in this research. Data collection was through the wet footprint test, stork standing balance test, Bass test, Y-agility Test, and Illinois Change of Direction Test. The correlation of flat feet with static and dynamic balance and physical performance in the school environment was analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman Rank statistical test. Results. The results showed significant relationships between foot grade and static balance, dynamic balance, agility, and change of direction. These relationships were indicated by correlation coefficients that showed statistical significance at p < 0.05. Additionally, static and dynamic balance exhibited a negative correlation, while agility and change of direction showed a positive correlation. This suggests that higher foot grades corresponded to longer durations in static and dynamic balance tests and shorter completion times in agility and change of direction tasks. Conclusions. The findings of this study highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between flat feet, body balance, and physical performance among junior high school students. Understanding these correlations is crucial for optimizing the overall well-being and performance of adolescents.

Desa Borong Pa'la'la di Kecamatan Pattallasang, Kabupaten Gowa, memiliki lahan pertanian dan perkebunan, termasuk sawah dan tanaman hortikultura. Dengan jumlah penduduk 300 jiwa (136 pria dan 164 wanita) dan 30 kepala keluarga, desa ini berupaya meningkatkan perekonomian melalui pengembangan produk dari limbah bambu. Dalam kegiatan sosialisasi dan FGD, disampaikan apresiasi atas bantuan teknologi inovatif yang diterima Kelompok Tani Sumbarrang, dihadiri 20 anggota kelompok. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada Kelompok Tani Sumbarrang agar dapat menghasilkan produk briket arang dan asap cair dari limbah bambu, guna meningkatkan nilai jual dan menambah penghasilan masyarakat. Program ini juga mencakup pengemasan yang lebih higienis, pelabelan, dan desain kemasan menarik. Kegiatan ini dilakukan secara bertahap dengan observasi awal oleh tim PKM, diikuti pembinaan dan pendampingan intensif. Partisipasi aktif mitra diharapkan dapat mendukung keberlanjutan program, sehingga mereka mampu mengolah limbah bambu menjadi produk bernilai jual tinggi. Melalui teknologi pembakaran ini, petani di Dusun Sumbarrang diharapkan lebih terampil, mampu meningkatkan produksi asap cair dan arang, serta memanfaatkan e-commerce untuk pemasaran produk. Program ini bertujuan menginspirasi dan mendorong masyarakat terus berinovasi serta menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas.

Abstract Objectives In recent years, there has been much discussion and research on electronic nose (e-nose). This topic has developed mainly in the medical and food fields. Typically, e-nose is combined with machine learning algorithms to predict or detect multiple sensory classes in each tea sample. Therefore, in e-nose systems, e-nose signal processing is an important part. In many situations, a comprehensive set of experiments is required to ensure the prediction model can be generalized well. This data set specifically focuses on two main goals such as classification of green tea quality and prediction of organoleptic score. In this experiment, Gambung dry green tea samples were used. The challenge is that dry tea does not emit as strong an aroma as tea infusions, making it more difficult for the e-nose system to detect and identify the aromas. This data set offers a valuable resource for researchers and developers to conduct investigations and experiments by classifying and detecting organoleptic scores that aim to categorize and identify organoleptic ratings. This enables a deeper understanding of the quality of dry green tea and encourages further integration of e-nose technology in the tea industry. Data description This experiment focused on analyzing green tea aroma using six gas sensors. Seventy-eight green tea samples were tested, each observed three times, using a tea chamber connected to a sensor chamber via a hose and an intake micro air pump. Air flowed from the tea chamber to the sensor chamber for 60 s, followed by 60 s of aroma data recording. This data was saved into CSV files and labeled according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3945:2016, which includes special and general requirements for green tea quality. An organoleptic test by a tea tester further labeled the data set into “good” or “quality defect” for classification and provided organoleptic scores based on dry appearance, brew color, taste, aroma, and dregs of brewing for continuous label.

Sriwulan Village, located in Limbangan District, Kendal Regency, is home to both cattle farmers and several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The village has a farmer group named Ngudi Kawruh, managing around 20 cows. However, cow dung in the area has become a source of air pollution, and the four MSMEs still rely on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for production. One effective solution to this issue is converting cow dung into biogas, which offers both environmental and economic benefits. This community service program aims to introduce appropriate technology for processing cow dung into biogas using biodigesters. The biogas is stored in portable containers, such as truck inner tires, while the biodigester output, in the form of slurry, is utilized as solid organic fertilizer. The program provides education on these concepts through posters, videos, demonstrations, and YouTube links to ensure broad community understanding. By implementing this technology, the program not only addresses environmental concerns and reduces dependence on LPG but also significantly enhances the economic potential of both the villagers and MSME entrepreneurs, promoting sustainable development.

This study aims to determine the morphometric differences in the head of male and female Turi ducks. Ten male and ten female day-old ducks (DOD) were randomly selected by a lottery system from the population, raised, and had their head morphology measured using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm on the first day, and at the age of 2, 4, 6, and 8weeks. The result showed that male Turi duck had wider (p 0.05) in the head width at the ages of 4 and 8 weeks, rostrum width at 2 weeks, and rostrum length at 1day old male and female Turi ducks. Morphometric growth pattern showed that older Turi ducks (at a range of 1 day to 8 weeks) had larger (p 0.05) at all ages. It could be concluded that in general head morphometry was useful for determining male and female Turi ducks at the ages of 1 day, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks

Capaian penyediaan energi nasional berbasis energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) pada 2025 yang tertuang dalam Kebijakan Energi Nasional (KEN) sampai saat ini masih jauh di bawah target. Hal ini terjadi karena energi fosil masih mendominasi pada semua sektor. Demi mewujudkan target menuju net zero emission (NZE) pada 2060, perlu adanya transisi dari energi fosil ke EBT secara sistematis dan konsisten. Pemanfaatan energi fosil, baik berasal dari dalam negeri maupun impor, diharapkan menurun dan substitusi EBT akan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan analisis prakiraan data penyediaan energi nasional serta pemanfaatannya, yang meliputi semua sektor, yaitu rumah tangga, industri, pembangkit listrik, transportasi, dan komersial, sampai 2060 menggunakan simulasi pemodelan energi dengan skenario business as usual (BAU) dan NZE. Pemodelan tersebut dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP). LEAP merupakan model energi berbasis skenario yang terintegrasi dan digunakan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan produksi energi pada semua sektor ekonomi serta ekstraksi sumber daya energi. Hasil simulasi dengan skenario NZE menunjukkan penurunan secara drastis pemanfaatan energi fosil pada semua sektor dibanding skenario BAU, sedangkan pemanfaatan EBT naik, khususnya di sektor pembangkit. Berdasarkan simulasi tersebut, diperkirakan pada tahun 2060 kebutuhan pasokan batubara dalam negeri turun 81%, kebutuhan gas bumi turun sebesar 74%, kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) turun 87%, kebutuhan liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) turun 84%, sedangkan kebutuhan minyak bumi tidak terpengaruh. Keseluruhan penyediaan EBT dengan skenario NZE selama kurun waktu 2019-2060 diperkirakan akan mengalami kenaikan rata-rata 9% per tahun atau setara kelipatan 2,3 kali dari skenario BAU.

The Non-Pneumatic Tire (NPT) has rapidly developed as an alternative to the Pneumatic Tire since it was created by Michelin in 2005. This research aims to investigate the influence of load and speed on the stress experienced by honeycomb-structured spokes of NPT tires when passing over speed bumps and the behavior of stress distribution in honeycomb spokes. Using the ANSYS Explicit Dynamics module, the chosen simulation method is the finite element method with transient dynamics. Several simulations were conducted by varying the load and initial speed of the NPT. The results of this study indicate that the higher the initial speed of the NPT, the higher the stress experienced by the spokes. Conversely, for all examined speeds, load variations do not significantly impact the stress level in the spokes. Further study on the behavior of NPT tires on inclined roads was also conducted.

Pasar swalayan menghasilkan transaksi penjualan dengan pelanggan dengan laju pertumbuhan data tinggi. Data transaksi sejumlah barang memiliki pola berbeda, ada yang tinggi dan ada yang rendah. Perbedaan ini mengakibatkan pola penjualan antar satu produk dengan produk lainnya berbeda. Pola ini juga mengakibatkan pengelolaan stok dan promosi juga berbeda. Maka, untuk memudahkan pengelolaan barang, perlu dilakukan pengelompokan trend penjualan otomatis menggunakan K-Means. Namun, metode perhitungan jarak (dissimilarity) standar tidak tepat digunakan pada data periodik. Penelitian ini bereksperimen mengelompokkan data periodic trend penjualan produk menggunakan metode K-Means dan DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) untuk perhitungan jarak. DTW melakukan perhitungan jarak dengan memperhatikan data histori periode sebelum dan setelah data yang sedang dihitung. Pelibatan data disekitarnya akan membentuk jarak sesuai dengan pola data periodik. Hasil pengelompokan data tahun 2021, Cluster 1 dengan 417 data memiliki pola naik dari awal tahun kemudian menurun, selanjutnya perlahan naik kembali di pertengahan hingga akhir tahun. Cluster 2 dengan 2403 data memiliki pola stabil di awal tahun, ketika di pertengahan tahun mulai naik, kemudian di akhir tahun turun namun kembali naik. Cluster 3 dengan 289 data memiliki pola menurun saat awal tahun, namun terlihat stabil hingga akhir tahun. Hasil ekeperimen pengelompokan trend penjualan menggunakan metode K-Means dengan jarak DTW menunjukkan hasil yang baik dan memiliki pola data dalam kelompok yang sesuai karakteristik alami. Hal ini didukung oleh validitas Davies-Bouldin index -1.215 dimana nilai yang semakin kecil mendekati nol menunjukkan kualitas cluster yang dicapai baik.

Nyeri pascatonsilektomi memengaruhi banyak aspek pada pasien. Intensitas nyeri berhubungan dengan kadar interleukin (IL)-6 yang meningkat pada proses inflamasi. Levobupivakain merupakan anestesi lokal potensi tinggi dengan durasi kerja panjang dan onset kerja relatif lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh blok peritonsiler levobupivakain isobarik terhadap intensitas nyeri dan kadar interleukin 6 pascatonsilektomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Universitas Hasanuddin dan Rumah Sakit jejaring pendidikan pada bulan Desember 2023–Januari 2024. Pasien dibagi secara acak dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi (diberikan levobupivakain isobarik pascabedah) dan kontrol. Intensitas nyeri, jumlah opioid, dan efek samping pada 4, 8, 12, 24 jam pascabedah dievaluasi. Pemeriksaan IL-6 dilakukan sebelum pembedahan dan 12 jam pascabedah. Total 30 pasien diikutkan dengan 15 pasien pada tiap kelompok. Intensitas nyeri pascabedah pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok intervensi pada 2, 4, 6, hingga 8 jam pascabedah (P

Passive lighting design plays an important role in providing natural lighting to save electricity consumption in buildings. This study aims to investigate the performance of natural lighting and the potential of alternative designs through sidelights with 3 shading device models and light shelves with different sizes in north, west, east, and south orientations. This research method is quantitative, which describes the measurement results in existing conditions and radiance illuminance software simulations. The results showed that at the beginning of field measurements, it was known that there were rooms with lighting intensity too high, too low, and uneven distribution. The simulation results use Radiance Illuminance software to determine the illuminance value of light distribution into space in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Improvised designs are applied with shading device models on the building envelope, namely horizontal, vertical, and egg-crate models in spaces oriented toward the East and West. This study also applied an interior-exterior light self-model measuring 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm of space with the orientation of window openings towards the North and South. The simulation results in this study, show that without a shading device and using a horizontal model, there will be a decrease of 0.4% at a distance of 2 m from window openings oriented to the East, while to the West will be able to increase the illuminance value by 11.5% at a distance of 10.5 m from the window opening. Buildings without using light self and using interior-exterior light shelves measuring 50 cm can increase the illuminance value by 0.5% at a distance of 10.5 m from window openings in a space oriented towards the North, while the orientation towards the south, which can be increased the illuminance value by 0.4% at a distance of 6 m from the window opening. Based on this research analysis, it concluded that the best-improvised design in rooms oriented toward North and South is a 50 cm interior-exterior light shelf and horizontal shading device models are the best for spaces oriented to the East and West. This study, also concluded that the orientation of the building, the passive device model, and the distance of the measuring point in the building envelope, affect the intensity and distribution of daylight entering the building.

This paper investigates the practice of entrusting children to relatives in Alor Tengah Utara, Alor Regency. It highlights the socio-economic factors compelling parents to work away from home. Often, this leads to parents leaving their children in the care of their grandparents. Despite the stagnant economic growth in Alor regency, many young individuals migrate in search of better opportunities, creating a dynamic where women, particularly grandmothers, become “double mothers” by caring for both their own and entrusted children. Conducted from June 2021 to July 2022, this ethnographic study reveals the challenges and economic vulnerabilities these households face, exacerbated by the inadequate intergenerational care provided by ageing grandmothers or inexperienced young female relatives. The findings highlight the need for more equitable caregiving arrangements and support for these families, shedding light on a practice deeply rooted in being a cultural responsibility yet fraught with economic and emotional complexities.

Background: Adolescence is a period of emotional, mental, and physical change. To improve health-seeking behavior, reduce risky sexual behaviors, and increase knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, adolescents need support and access to services. The increasing availability of mobile apps requires a thorough evaluation of the quality and classification of these mobile apps so that accurate and evidence-based information can reach their users. Because smartphones are a private (intimate) technology, they are a promising means of closing this gap. However, research focusing on sexual health promotion programs delivered through smartphones is still rare. Purposes: Developing and testing a smartphone and internet-based comprehensive sex education app. Methods: This study employed Research and Development consisting of 4 stages, namely Literature Study, Development Stage, Validity Expert, and Trial. Result: The SEMAR app has seven features, ranging from mental health education to human relationships. The convenience score is 70%. The results of the trial show that this application effectively improves health education. 50-83% agree to use it. The sex stigma variable has the most extensive r (r=0.955), which means it has a solid and positive relationship. Conclusion: This application benefits adolescents in improving health education and adolescent reproductive health.

Latar belakang. Luaran klinis infeksi COVID-19 pada anak baik tetapi angka kematian COVID-19 masih tinggi. Identifikasi derajat keparahan sedini mungkin dapat memberikan luaran klinis yang baik. Beberapa penanda inflamasi pada kasus COVID-19 salah satunya didapatkan eosinopenia. Tetapi hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian tentang hubungan antara eosinopenia terhadap derajat keparahan infeksi COVID-19 pada anak. Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan eosinopenia terhadap derajat keparahan infeksi COVID-19 pada anak. Metode. Studi cross sectional observasional analitik, data sekunder retrospektif, diambil dari rekam medis pasien usia 0-

The rapid growth of social media users in Indonesia has prompted researchers to identify factors that impact consumer purchase intentions through advertising click activities, such as informativeness, entertainment, irritation, emotional appeal, credibility, and privacy concerns mediated by advertising attitude. This research examines how informativeness, entertainment, emotional appeal, and privacy concerns simultaneously influence attitudes toward advertising and purchase intentions. This study employed a quantitative approach through an online survey with a sample of 321 respondents residing in major cities in Indonesia. This study applied purposive sampling with individual criteria as Instagram users were exposed to ads within the last month, and the data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results of this study show that advertising attitude fully mediates informativeness, entertainment, emotional appeal, and credibility toward advertising clicks, which drive purchase intentions. Meanwhile, irritation and privacy concerns have a negative impact on advertising attitudes. This research proved that Incentives have a direct influence on purchase intention. Suggestions for future researchers need to consider the classification of ad product or service categories so that advertisers can better understand consumer behavior and provide ad impression effectiveness according to the target audience

BACKGROUND: Age contributes to body composition alteration, rises a common disorder in elderly known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), which is characterized by the combination of obesity (excess fat mass) and sarcopenia (reduced skeletal muscle mass) clinical form and function. CONTENT: The primary cause of SO is insulin resistance. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) dysfunction results in impaired fatty acids oxidation. Decreased muscle mass results in lower mitochondria number and volume. Both will increase oxidative stress. Together with altered myokines in SO, oxidative stress was promoted and lead to higher M1 macrophages and failure in autophagy. The pro-inflammatory condition and dysbiosis links SO to a variety of cardiometabolic conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mortality, comorbidities, cardiometabolic diseases, and disability or impairment of SO is higher compare to obesity or sarcopenia alone. Some treatments have been developed for SO including adequate dietary intake, vitamin D and antioxidant supplementation, and exercises. SUMMARY: SO is more prevalent among the elderly and has a significant negative impact on their quality of life. Therefore, maintaining muscle mass and strength as well as preventing obesity should be the key goals of initiatives to support healthy aging. KEYWORDS: aging, body composition, obesity, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, metabolic syndrome

A landslide triggered by heavy rainfall occurred in the Al-Husainiyyah Junior High School area on April 26th, 2023. The landslide damaged the nearby access roads, the existing retaining wall, and a futsal court threatening the safety of the teachers and students in conducting the learning activities that especially require open areas. Thus, this community service aims to provide a cantilever wall design with geofoam as an innovative lightweight backfill material to reinforce the slope and repair the damaged structures. Field surveying and numerical analysis were then conducted to understand the current slope and soil conditions and to analyze the stability of the slope and retaining wall. The results show that a cantilever wall with a total height of 1.8 m supported by a strauss pile row with a diameter of 0.4 m, 4 m in length, and 2.5 m in spacing could increase the stability of the slope.

Soybeans (Glycine max L.) play an essential role in meeting the nutritional needs of Indonesians. However, national soybean production cannot meet domestic needs. Increasing the planting frequency during the rainy season is an effort to increase the national soybean production. Planting soybeans in the rainy season will reduce the yield and growth of soybeans, so cultivation technology is needed to increase soybean yields in the rainy season, one of which is the use of biofertilizers and cultivars. This study aimed to analyze a suitable combination of cultivation and biofertilizer doses to increase soybean production during the rainy season. Selection of the right cultivar combination and biofertilizer dosage will increase yields. The research was conducted from 2021 to 2023 during the rainy season in Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The cultivation technology that provides stable soybean yields was analyzed using a GGE biplot. The results of this research show that the appearance of soybean yields varies every year, and there is an interaction between the application of cultivation technology and the year of planting. Cultivation technologies that show a stable appearance are Anjasmoro variety + 20 kg h−1 dose biofertilizer, Dega 1 variety + 0 kg h−1 dose biofertilizer and Dega 1 variety + 10 kg h−1 dose of biofertilizer. These results can be used as a reference for farmers planting soybeans during the rainy season.

Objectives. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a four-week moderate-intensity exercise regimen on increasing growth hormone (GH) levels in individuals with obesity. Materials and methods. A total of 25 female individuals aged 20-25 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.50-37.00 kg/m², were involved in the study and randomly divided into two groups, namely the control group (CON; n = 12) and the moderate-intensity exercise group (MIE; n = 13). The moderate-intensity exercise regimen (treadmill exercise for 30 minutes at 60-70% of HRmax, and resistance exercise for 30 minutes at 60-70% of 1RM) was conducted 3 times per week for a period of 4 weeks. Blood samples from participants were collected pre- and post-exercise sessions, and GH levels were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Data analysis techniques used the paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5 %. Results. The paired sample t-test results of GH levels between the pre-exercise and post-exercise sessions in the CON group showed a change from (1291.79 ± 383.76 to 1151.53 ± 484.80 pg/mL; p = 0.694), while the MIE group demonstrated the following dynamics of change — from (1161.79 ± 133.72 to 2103.83 ± 357.09 pg/mL; p = 0.006). Conclusions. The main findings of this study revealed that after implementing a four-week moderate-intensity exercise intervention, a significant increase in GH levels was observed in obese females.

Financial literacy in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, still needs to be improved. In Sindangkasih District, Majalengka, three elementary schools face challenges in teaching financial literacy to students. This community service program aims to instill an understanding of financial literacy and encourage creative practices for students to manage their finances. Financial literacy education is carried out through conventional methods, including three stages: planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The results of this activity show that students' understanding of money management reaches an average of more than 60%, and the frequency of students' saving activities is around twice a week. These findings indicate that students can gradually understand and apply financial literacy education, especially through routine savings habits.

This community service is carried out to develop students ' writing talents, improve short story writing skills, and foster an interest in reading and writing. It aims to explain the importance of intensive training in writing short stories to awaken the literary talent of NWDI Pancor Kopong Junior High School students, which amounts to 15 people. The reason for choosing this topic is based on the awareness of the importance of developing creative writing skills in education and the recognition of the potential of literature as a means of self-expression and understanding that is important for the development of students. The approach used in the service is a training approach that includes the stages of planning, action, observation and reflection, and results. The planning stage includes the identification of students ' talents through questionnaires and interviews, as well as the preparation of training materials based on relevant literature. The action stage involves several weeks of intensive training focusing on developing the idea, drafting the plot, characterization and editing the script. Continuous observation is used to monitor the development of students ' skills, while the reflection stage evaluates the training results and designs improvements for the next stage. The evaluation results showed that this training was successful in improving students ' ability to develop short story ideas (80%), develop story plots (75%), describe character characters (85%), and edit scripts (70%). Further action plans include the refinement of training modules based on feedback and an increased focus on more in-depth writing techniques to ensure optimal achievement in the development of students ' literary talents.

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (Civics) is one of the core subjects in the Indonesian education curriculum. Along with the development of ICT, Civics learning began to evolve from the use of printed books to the utilization of online learning resources. Both learning resources have their own advantages and are equally needed by students in the context of learning, so from this it is necessary to adjust the Civics teaching method with current technological developments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the optimal strategies for utilizing printed books and online learning resources to improve the quality of Civics learning in high schools. This research was qualitative and used the literature study method and data analysis techniques in the form of an interactive model. The results of the study showed that teachers can optimally improve Civics learning in high school by integrating printed books and online learning resources by first understanding in depth the Civics curriculum in high school, then making lesson plans that combine printed books and online learning resources and Learning Management System (LMS), applying project-based learning methods, giving online assignments related to printed book materials, fostering students' digital literacy to find accurate and reliable learning sources, using multimedia such as learning videos from YouTube and implementing simulations. Finally, teachers should evaluate their teaching strategies regularly and collect feedback from students through surveys or class discussions. Integrating printed books and online learning resources can provide students with a more interactive and comprehensive learning experience.

Abstract Commercial scale decarbonization through carbon capture and storage may likely involve many CO2 storage projects located in close proximity. The close proximity could raise concerns over caprock integrity associated with reservoir pressure buildup and interference among adjacent projects. Commercial-scale injection will also require large prospective CO2 storage resource and high injectivity in the targeted storage formations. To accommodate the need for both large resource and high injectivity, project operators could consider injecting CO2 into a stacked sequence of formations. This analysis investigates the benefits of injecting CO2 into a vertically stacked sequence of saline formations, over injecting the same amount of CO2 into a single saline formation, in addressing these challenges. Our analysis shows that injecting into the stacked sequence mitigates the extent of pressure buildup among the stacked formations, while still achieving the same or greater target CO2 storage volumes. Among cases modeled, the resulting pressure buildup front is most reduced when each storage site distributes injection volumes over several wells, each of which injects a portion of the total CO2 mass across the stacked sequence. This favorable case not only results in the smallest CO2 aerial footprint, but also shows the largest reduction in the pressure buildup at the top of perforation at the injection wells (upwards of approximately 46% compared to the single-formation storage), the result of which is crucial to maintain caprock integrity. This analysis provides insights into required decision-making when considering multi-project deployment in a shared basin.

An important dynamic component in the learning process is motivation. Lack of motivation causes students to underachieve. One of the learning motivations is through singing, an alternative method often used by teachers in the teaching and learning process. Singing is indeed an effective method to increase learning motivation, especially in early childhood. This study was conducted on 22 students with observation and interview data. The results of the study were that children easily feel bored and fed up during learning hours in children aged 4-5 years with a total of 22 students in group B. In class B, there were children who felt bored and fed up so that to help the learning process through the singing method. The results of the pre-cycle observation that the assessment indicator had not developed (BB) reached 95%, there were many students who were not used to the learning process so that it was not fun, making students feel bored and fed up and the assessment indicator began to develop (MB) reaching 5%. Furthermore, 95% were included in the BSB category and 5% were included in the BSH category. This success is due to the fact that children feel happy with learning activities using the singing method and that the variety of songs that are done every day prevents them from getting bored and the results of the actions taken in two locations show that the singing method helps Al Hidayah Rambipuji Kindergarten students learn better.

Abstract The Scalloped Spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus, Linnaeus 1758) known as one of the commercially harvested Panilurid lobster. This species was distributed widely across continents. Indonesia, as one of the largest archipelagic systems in the world, was also distribution area of the Scalloped Spiny lobster. These facts have led to questions regarding spiny lobster harvest and culture management by considering population differentiation and habitat fragmentation on complex and distinct archipelagic islands. Our investigation was conducted using high-density SNPs datasets from several spiny lobsters harvested from five locations in Indonesia. We found strong differentiation among spiny lobster populations clustered into 3 sub-populations. Environment association analysis and Fst analysis revealed outlier loci significantly associated with Sea Surface Temperature variation and potentially correlated with Sea Current-related parameters. The evidence of a structured population of scalloped spiny lobsters in Indonesia can serve as a consideration in the management of spiny lobsters.