Search

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The flooding phenomenon in Pekanbaru City is an interrelated problem between socio-economic and environmental problems. One of the socio-economic problems that causes flooding every year in Pekanbaru City is waste management. Another socio-economic problem is water use behavior. This oversight represents a significant weakness in flood mitigation strategies, as those most vulnerable to flooding are frequently the ones whose needs are neglected in the planning process. It is crucial that effective flood management and disaster response prioritize socio-economic considerations as a fundamental principle. The aim of this study is to develop spatial planning strategies and community behavior towards flood control in the Sail Watershed, Pekanbaru City. This study innovation is a combination of the spatial concept of urban flooding phenomena and community behavior which has never been done before, previous research only focused on providing physical flood control to reduce the impact of disasters.METHODS: Analysis of spatial planning strategies and community behavior towards flood control efforts using participatory prospective analysis. Prospective analysis in this study was used to determine the dominant variables that influence strategy determination. The prospective method is a tool used for policy analysis, especially in study involving sustainable development, because it can facilitate the anticipation of change in an unstable environment.FINDINGS: The results of the study show that minimizing flood disasters can be done through structural development and synergized with non-structural development that provides space for community behavior so that the results are more optimal. Flood control are carried out in an integrated and comprehensive manner starting from stakeholder coordination, flood disaster management, flood handling and involving the community. Strategies that can be taken to control floods are coordination of technical stakeholders related to flood control, floodplain management, flood mitigation, and community involvement.CONCLUSION: This study shows that coordination is the most influential variable with a weight of 3750 for direct influence and 3597 for indirect influence. Then followed by the variables management, mitigation, involvement. Spatial planning strategies and community behavior in flood control are carried out with the coordination of technical stakeholders related to flood control, flood management includes before a disaster occurs, during a disaster and after a disaster, flood plain management, includes determining flood boundaries, determining zoning, supervision and monitoring as well as community involvement.

Collaborative systems from various sectors, including public community, are encouraged to tackle the complexity of waste problems. However, identifying the most effective intervention strategies to promote sustainable participation in collaboration remains a challenge. Some studies suggest that social learning with a community of practice platform enables collaboration while also facilitating collective learning to support transformative change in waste management. This study aimed to diagnose the characteristics of expected intervention strategies to sustain community participation in waste management program from past studies conducted in developing countries. This study also figured out the possibility of the community of practice implementation in waste management domain. Using a literature review method, this study selected and analysed thoroughly 52 papers related to waste management topics and 31 papers related to community of practice implementation in various domains, especially environmental management and waste management issues. The selected papers were fully reviewed and coded using qualitative data analysis software. There were 2 categories to map the content of the studies related to waste management topics, while 2 categories and 7 sub-categories were used to map the content of the selected papers on Community of Practice topic. The study found that social learning using Community of Practice platform is implementable in waste management system in developing countries as it can facilitate multi-loop learning activities including single loop learning that facilitates technical change, double loop learning that enable reflection to start mindset or psychological change, and triple loop learning that encourage systemic change. Research has demonstrated that multi-loop learning drives significant transformation from the individual level to the system, thereby bolstering the new waste management paradigm. The community of practice also enables collaborative action from multi-stakeholders across sectors and across organization at various level, which is crucial for the effectiveness of collaborative waste management system. The study’s main contribution and novelty lie in the proposed model which comprehensively describes the inter-relationships among parties across levels and sectors in waste management system at local and regional level. It also suggested a multi loop learning model that describe the expected learning cycles in the waste management system which have not been found in any previous studies. This finding is crucial for policymakers and government agencies in many developing countries to find new insight to improve waste management system through collaboration that enable social learning among involved stakeholders. Further studies are required to test the proposed model of community of practice and measure the effect and its effectiveness in nurturing learning outcomes for every loop of learning.

Plastic waste management is a complex problem that has negative effects on the environment, society, and the economy. The development of science has made humanity use plastic materials a lot, and because it does not cost to manufacture and is recyclable, it is used in most industries. Plastic contains polyethylene, most of it does not biodegrade and remains in the environment for long periods, and its abundant accumulation leads to many environmental and health hazards to humans. This research, which aims to recycle plastic bags in the field of construction, is of utmost importance in addressing the pressing issue of plastic waste management. The plastic will likely increase the durability of structures mechanically and increase thermal insulation. In this research, the plastic bag segments are integrated in a ratio of 0% to 0.7% in the compressed clay bricks. Which consists of sand, clay, and gypsum. Some physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the samples are measured. Preliminary results show that the addition of these strips reduces the value of the bulk density between 3.21% to 13%. The speed of sound transmission also decreases between 2.17% and 21%. The stress strength increases between 5.4% to 25.53%. The thermal conductivity value also decreases between 5.26% to 23.68%. This leads to the clay brick becoming lighter, more solid, and better thermal insulation. Thus, we combine the improvement of the properties of clay structures with a significant reduction in environmental impact, inspiring a more sustainable future.

Aquaculture, while offering significant contributions to global food security, generates substantial amounts of industrial waste, posing environmental and economic challenges. However, this waste also presents untapped potential for innovation in gastronomy. This paper explores the emerging trend of utilizing aquaculture industrial wastes in culinary practices, aiming to reduce waste, promote sustainability, and create novel gastronomic experiences. Through a review of literature and case studies, we examine various methods for repurposing aquaculture waste, including upcycling into new food products, incorporation into culinary dishes, and extraction of valuable components. Additionally, we highlight successful initiatives that have integrated aquaculture waste into gastronomy, emphasizing the benefits of waste reduction, sustainable food practices, and culinary innovation. Challenges such as food safety, taste, and consumer acceptance are acknowledged, with strategies proposed for addressing these issues. Finally, we discuss future directions for research and development in this field, identifying opportunities for collaboration between the aquaculture industry and the gastronomy sector. By exploring the utilization of aquaculture industrial wastes in gastronomy, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable food practices and culinary creativity in the context of aquaculture waste management.

At present environmental pollution is a talked about issue. Due to environmental pollution, humans and animals face threats. The scientist has pointed out that waste is one reason for climate change. Solid, liquid, gaseous etc. are different types of waste. The experiments were conducted to determine the chemical constituents present in dairy farm wastewater, wastewater management practice and environmental impact and compare it with the groundwater Dinajpur Sadar upazila. The data concerning the dairy farm wastewater in Dinajpur was obtained through a designed questionnaire, and separate area inspection interacting with the proprietor and workers in the dairy farm. Randomly collected samples from different dairy farms. The chemical constituents of the wastewater sample were determined by a laboratory experiment. The wastewater contained Mg, Na, Ca, Cl-, K, EC, P, HCO3-, pH, TDS, DO, COD, Zn, S, BOD, HT and NO3-. The Na, K, Ca and pH concentration of wastewater under the range in groundwater in Dinajpur. However, concentrations of P, TDS, Mg, EC, Cl-, HCO3- and HT are above the groundwater range in Dinajpur. The produced wastewater was disposed of either through drainage or piping systems on fellow land, ponds, open lakes, roadside land, urban drains, and rivers. The unplanned wastewater disposal creates bad odor, and environmental pollution, seduces the growth of mosquitoes decreases the water quality, soil quality and health hazards. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevailing dairy farm wastewater disposal system not being satisfactory. The proper disposal system should be improved to reduce environmental impacts.

Abstract The biomethane potential of insect frass and leachates from waste (larvae feedstock) stockpile was evaluated. Frass was derived from a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) operation that uses a fruit and vegetable waste diet. The two waste streams were characterized and the results of their compositional, proximate, and ultimate analysis were used in estimating methane yields from these materials. The estimated biomethane potential (BMP) of the frass ranged 149–275 L/kgVS depending on the calculation method used. This result compares well with that of empirical studies for cow manure whose BMP ranges 110–275 L/kgVS. Cow manure is the most popular biogas feedstock globally. Leachates reported an estimated BMP of 150 L/kgCOD. We conclude that it may be technically feasible to produce biogas from BSFL frass and from fruit and vegetable waste leachates. However, standard BMP experiments and semicontinuous pilot studies are still necessary before commercialization of these findings. These extra tests are executed to validate these findings and ascertain the life cycle attribute and long‐term process stability and hence determine the economics of using these potential substrates for biogas production as a strategy to implementing circularity in the fruit and vegetable industry.

Abstract Background Plastics are the most flexible products developed with a wide range of applications. They have been incorporated into almost every aspect of daily life due to their strength and low weight. However, widespread use and inadequate waste management have resulted in the accumulation of tiny plastic particles throughout the environment. Main text Microplastics are found in oceans, rivers, sediments, sewers, soil, and agricultural products, even in table salts. Human beings are affected by microplastics through food ingestion and inhalation. Incorporated microplastics may accrue within the body and affect gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, brain, and respiratory systems. It also interferes with the functions of major organs and causes chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion Addressing the issue of micro and nanoplastics requires interdisciplinary research, sustainable solutions, and improved waste management systems. The main focus of this review is to cover the harmful effects and impact of microplastics on human health and stress the need for combating strategies.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in medical waste generation, posing hazards to both the environment and global health. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic’s medical waste hazard may persist long after the pandemic itself subsides. Improper disposal of medical waste can contaminate environment, posing risks to ecosystems and public health. Discarded medical rubber gloves, for example, can become a source of infection, improper disposal of these gloves can escalate the spread of infectious diseases and increase the risk of transmission of the virus to the general public. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable method to reinforce cement mortar by adding recycled glove rubber as an additive to cement mortar to increase its resistance to impact loads. This study conducted uniaxial compression tests, separating hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments and SEM observations to evaluate the quasi-static compressive strength and dynamic stress of recycled rubber fiber mortar (RRFM) with varying recycled rubber fiber (RRF) contents (0, 1%, 2%, 3%). Strain curves, dynamic increase factor (DIF), energy absorption rules, failure modes, and microstructure of RRFM mixtures. The experimental results demonstrate that with the addition of RRF, the dynamic stress-strain curve flattens and the peak strain gradually increases. The RRFM sample shows stronger toughness. In comparison to regular cement mortar (NM), RRFM has a higher DIF and specific absorbed energy, a faster increase in dynamic compressive strength, and the ability to absorb more energy per unit volume. Under the same impact load, RRFM has fewer and smaller cracks than NM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing also observed that RRF formed a strong connection pattern with the cement mortar matrix.

Abstract Littering behavior is one of the main challenges in waste management, especially in big cities. In this study, density and composition of litter in Tehran was investigated and the urban pollution status was calculated by using the clean environment index. The results showed that the average density of litter in the studied locations was 0.182 number/m2. Spatial variation in the litter density showed that the average density in commercial and residential land-uses was 0.22 and 0.14 number/m2, respectively. Cigarette butts (29%), bottle caps (18%), and paper receipts (10%) consisted the largest ratio of the litter composition in the studied locations. Clean environment index for the studied locations was calculated in the range of 2.34 to 10.42. Based on this, 30% of the studied locations were in a clean status and 70% were in a polluted and worse status. The litter density in the city, interviews with citizens, and the results of previous studies showed insufficient awareness of citizens about the consequences of littering in the urban environment, which led to the prevalence of littering behavior. So, the littering behavior by citizens has caused the urban environment pollution and increased health risk. Educating citizens and modifying their behavior to avoid littering is necessary to improve the observed status.

At present the importance of solving the problem of ecological culture formation increases every year in all regions of Russia. In its turn it is caused by the necessity of taking measures not only for ecological literacy and education but also for environment improvement, rational resource management, separate collection of industrial and consumption wastes and well-organized recycling of secondary raw materials. This problem can only be solved by the joint efforts of both public authorities, local authorities, also the population of Russia. The purpose of the research was to study the basic reasons of insufficiently responsible attitude of the Russian population in the field of waste management through the consideration of the level of ecological literacy in this sphere. The study presents the results of socio-ecological survey conducted by the method of sociological research to assess the real level of environmental literacy of the Russian population and to identify their need for environmental education. The survey revealed the main problems and difficulties faced by the respondents in the field of separate waste collection.

Abstract For a sustainable ecology, slaughterhouse sludge must be managed effectively in preview of the parasitic or coliforms’ spill over to the community. In order to determine the effectiveness of a customized biological decomposer solution in lowering the parasitic eggs and coliform bacteria, three composting units (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 3) were treated with its different amounts. Over a period of 60 days, pH, temperature, humidity, number of the parasitic eggs per gram (EPG) of faecal material, viability of eggs, and coliform counts were evaluated. By the fifth day of the composting process, pH had significantly (P 45 °C), which persisted for 20 days for Unit 3 and 15 days for Units 1 and 2. Humidity levels initially increased significantly (P 0.05) 12.5% decline in EPG in Unit 2 and Unit 3 was recorded. After that, a significant (P

Abstract Phytoremediation is a sustainable technology for cleaning up heavy metal contamination at mining sites. However, degraded soils at these sites create a harsh environment for plants to survive and properly yield biomass. In this study, sewage sludge and poultry sludge were applied as soil amendments in bauxite mine subsoil to determine their impact on the growth and heavy metal uptake of Jatropha curcas L. Both sewage sludge and poultry sludge were applied at 25% and 50%. J. curcas was grown in the amended soils for 120 days under greenhouse conditions. Changes in soil physico-chemical properties, plant growth and heavy metal uptake of J. curcas were determined after that. An increase in EC, CEC, total C, total N, total available P and total extractable K was detected in the amended soils. These improvements enhanced the growth of J. curcas, particularly in the development of above-ground plant biomass. Increased plant biomass subsequently led to higher bioaccumulation and translocation efficiency of Al, Fe, Pb and Zn. As a result, higher heavy metal removal of up to 98.03% was detected in the amended treatments. The findings indicated that the application of sewage sludge and poultry sludge improves soil conditions for plant development.

The study investigates the properties and waste management potential of cellulose acetate waste, commonly used in cigarette filter production. The goal of the research is to address gaps in the state of the art by assessing compostability and phytotoxicity of acetate waste from cigarettes production, which significantly complement the current research focused on cigarette filters in the form of post-consumer buts. Under investigation was acetate in the form of homogenic, dye-free and non-contaminated tow from the beginning phase of the cigarette’s filters production process. The experimental framework adheres to the PN-EN 14045:2005 standard for controlled composting environments. Acute phytotoxicity assessment follows the PHYTOTESTKIT method based on PN-EN 11269-1:2013-06. Results indicate that under controlled conditions, acetate waste achieves a decomposition rate of 75.3% after 84 days. Phytotoxicity testing reveals varying germination rates for different plant species. Across substrates, only 81 out of 210 seeds germinated (39%). Specifically, green cucumber seeds showed no germination, oat seeds had a 29% germination rate (20% for compost with acetate), and cress seeds had a high 90% germination rate for each substrate. Overall, understanding these properties informs sustainable waste management practices, including potential applications in industries like geotextiles, crop mulching mats etc. The results led to the conclusion that additional testing should be perform according to the requirements specific for each industrial usage and to increase the compostability level under laboratory and natural conditions.

The escalating global food waste crisis presents both a challenge and an opportunity for sustainable development. Every year, millions of tons of food are wasted, contributing to environmental degradation and resource inefficiency. This wasted food not only represents a loss of valuable resources but also contributes to significant greenhouse gas emissions when disposed of in landfills. In response to this pressing issue, food waste valorization biorefineries have emerged as a promising solution, transforming waste into valuable bioproducts through innovative biotechnological processes. This review critically examines recent trends in food waste biorefining, focusing on the latest advancements in microbial and enzymatic conversion technologies. Various valorization pathways that convert food waste into biofuels, biochemicals, and bio-based materials are explored, thereby integrating principles of the circular economy to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization. Key developments in the field include the optimization of microbial consortia for enhanced degradation and conversion efficiency, as well as the engineering of enzymes to improve specificity and activity. These advancements have led to significant improvements in the efficiency and feasibility of converting food waste into high-value products. The environmental benefits of these biorefineries are also discussed in depth, encompassing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, decreased reliance on fossil fuels, and the mitigation of environmental pollution. By diverting food waste from landfills and transforming it into renewable resources, these biorefineries play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. Despite these advancements, several challenges remain. Feedstock variability affects process consistency, leading to fluctuations in product yield and quality. There is a need for process optimization to improve yield and cost-effectiveness, ensuring that biorefinery operations are economically viable at an industrial scale. Issues related to scalability and industrial implementation, such as the development of infrastructure and supply chains, also pose significant hurdles. By synthesizing current research, this review underscores the considerable potential of food waste biorefineries to contribute to sustainable agriculture and biocatalysis. Critical gaps in knowledge are identified, and areas for future research are proposed, such as developing robust and flexible biorefining systems capable of handling diverse feedstocks and integrating advanced biotechnological tools for process monitoring and control. The review also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and public-private partnerships in driving innovation and commercialization in this field. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of food waste biorefining and to offer a roadmap for future research and industrial implementation. By highlighting the role of these biorefineries in achieving sustainable development goals, the review emphasizes the need for continued research, technological innovation, and supportive policy frameworks. Through these efforts, food waste valorization biorefineries can play a pivotal role in creating a sustainable and resilient future, addressing both environmental and economic challenges posed by food waste.

Bu çalışmada “ortak finansman ilkesi” temelinde çevre koruma harcamaları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Türkiye’de toplam çevre koruma harcamaları içinde özel sektörün payı kamuya göre daha fazladır. Fakat, çevrenin kamusal mal kabul edilmesi ve çevre kirliliğinin yarattığı dışsallık piyasa mekanizması ile azaltılmamaktadır. Yürürlükteki mevzuatlar gereği kamunun yaptığı çevre koruma harcamalarının büyük oranda belediyeler tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu noktayı ele alan çalışma, 2013-2021 dönemi için 30 büyükşehiri iki alt gruba ayırarak analiz etmektedir. 2012 yılı öncesi büyükşehir statüsü kazanan 16 il ve 2012 sonrası büyükşehir olan 14 ilin değerlendirilmesinden elde edilen bulgulara göre; 16 il mahalli idaresinin atık emisyonunu azaltabilmek için atık yönetimi harcamalarına ek olarak toprak, yeraltı ve yüzey sularının korunması ve kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi harcamalarına da daha fazla kaynak ayırarak atık emisyonunun azaltılmasına daha fazla katkı sağlamaktadır. 2012 yılı sonrası büyükşehir statüsü kazanan 14 ilde yapılan atık emisyonunun azaltılmasına yönelik kamu harcamalarının atık emisyonlarını azaltıcı etkisinin, 16 ile göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla kamu kaynaklarının daha etkin kullanımı ve çevre kirliliğini önleme çalışmalarının daha verimli olması için, 14 belediyenin atık yönetimi uygulamalarını ve emisyonu azaltıcı tedbirlerini, 16 ildeki uygulamaları takip ederek iyileştirmesi gerekmektedir.

This paper empirically investigates trash disposal practices among internal migrants in cities in Benin, a representative African country undergoing rapid urbanization. Compared to existing residents, Benin's new urban populations are less likely to dispose of trash sustainably, which is defined as trash disposal through formal collection services. Using Benin census data, this paper employs various linear and non-linear regression models to show that new urban residents experience “environmental assimilation” by progressively adopting the approach to trash disposal through formal collection services over time. In the long run, they may develop similar trash disposal practices compared to existing residents. Moreover, we use similar regression models to show that socioeconomic factors (e.g., education) are unlikely to account for their assimilation, and this assimilation pattern is mostly observed in larger cities, which have sufficient capacity for waste management. Small cities with rapidly growing populations show a significantly lower proportion of trash disposal through collection services among newly arrived migrants, as well as weak or no signs of their environmental assimilation over time.

Abstract The cost estimation and assessment of healthcare waste treatment systems (HCWTSs) for preventing financial and environmental damage are essential. This work reports economic analyses of treatment of hazardous–infectious waste based on WHO approach in HCWTSS of 43 hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The waste generation rate for total hospital waste in 43 HCWTSS was 4.42 ± 2.77 kg/active-bed/day. The mean of chemical, sharps, infectious, and general wastes in 43 HCWTSS were 13.79 ± 19.71, 30.29 ± 37.46, 336.28 ± 291.31, and 539.6 ± 383.13 kg/day, respectively. Economic analyses proved that general hospitals spent 1.63 times more than specialized hospitals on treating hazardous–infectious waste per year. The annual cost of treating each kilogram of hazardous healthcare waste in studied HCWTSS was 0.3 dollars. A range of total annual costs in 43 HCWTSS was limited to 7.9–118 thousand dollars. The results of ANOVA test demonstrated that the age and performance levels of hospitals significantly affect the annual capital and operating costs, respectively. Hence, improving recycling knowledge and increasing source-separated recycling should be considered to control the costs in HCWTSS. The results of this work have implications for the hospital managers in especially developing countries to evaluate previously unknown economic analyses and policies and take action to control wasted costs in HCWTSS.

PVC is used as a raw material for many products, especially in the production of flex banners. PVC flex banners used for advertising or marketing purposes have a short-term use [average up to 45 days]. PVC flex banners are usually annihilated, piled in landfills, incinerated, or buried under the soil, thus causing severe damage to the environment. This systematic literature review highlights the research carried out on this topic over the last two decades and discusses industry practices in producing PVC flex banners, the environmental impact of PVC flex banners due to annihilation, and reuse and recycling methods for PVC flex banners. One of these opportunities is upcycling, which is an important part of the reuse strategy. These flex banners can be reused in the fashion industry as upcycled products [high-value functional and aesthetic products] and accessories through zero-waste fashion production processes [especially used in pattern designing and cutting stages]. These include primarily bags and luggage, apparel, footwear, worker uniforms, and accessory upcycle products. Based on findings from the systematic review, it recommends a conceptual framework that emphasises the impact of end-of-life PVC flex banners and offers ways for reuse that avoid piling in landfills, incineration, and burying these wastes under the soil, reducing the impact on the environment. The studies suggesting the production of upcycling products from end-of-life PVC flex banners by the zero-waste fashion production process have not been sufficiently researched and reported, and they are a novel method of reusing resources.

This study explores the efficacy of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks in predicting recycling rates and enhancing resource allocation in waste management systems. It addresses the limitations of traditional statistical models and machine learning algorithms that struggle with sequential data and temporal dependencies. The methodology comprised collecting extensive datasets from public repositories, configuring the LSTM network architecture, training the model with historical data, and testing various activation functions and hyperparameters. The model’s performance was rigorously compared to traditional models and alternative machine learning algorithms using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R2). The findings demonstrate that the LSTM model significantly outperformed traditional approaches, achieving an MAE of 3.5%, an RMSE of 2.8%, and an R2 of 0.92. These results underscore the superior capability of LSTM networks to capture complex temporal patterns in recycling data, offering substantial improvements in predictive accuracy and reliability. Consequently, the study highlights the potential of LSTM networks to revolutionize waste management strategies, contributing to more effective and sustainable practices.

Abstract The accumulation of waste has a profound impact on the environment, prompting a crucial discussion about effective waste management strategies aligned with Oman Vision 2040’s sustainability goals. The consequences of municipal solid waste generation have multifaceted impacts on the environment, public health, and overall well-being of communities. Addressing these consequences requires a holistic approach that includes the integration of sustainable waste management technologies to foster a circular economy. This paper emphasizes the necessity for a paradigm shift in waste management methodologies, emphasizing the importance of Hyperspectral Imaging and Big Data Analytics into municipal solid waste management processes. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between hyperspectral imaging which is capable of precise material identification, and big data analytics to facilitate comprehensive data analysis. The integration aims to optimize waste segregation, resource recovery, and recycling processes. The utilization of data-driven insights enables predictive modeling and the identification of trends thereby facilitating more efficient and sustainable waste management practices. The harnessing of big data analytics empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions in waste management to achieve long-term environmental, and economic sustainability.

Abstract In this paper, we propose an innovative method for determining the fill level of containers, such as trash cans, addressing a critical aspect of waste management. The method combines spatial impulse response analysis with machine learning (ML) techniques, offering a unique and effective approach for sound-based classification that can be extended to various domains beyond waste management. By employing a buzzer-generated sine sweep signal, we create a distinctive signature specific to the fill level of the waste container. This signature, once accurately decoded, is then interpreted by a specially developed ensemble learning algorithm. Our approach achieves a classification accuracy of over 90% when implemented locally on a development board, optimizing operational efficiencies and eliminating the need to delegate complex classification tasks to external entities. Using low-cost and energy-efficient hardware components, our method offers a cost-effective approach that contributes to sustainable and efficient waste management practices, providing a reliable and locally deployable solution.

Abstract In the context of the mounting crisis of waste management and environmental sustainability, coal bottom ash (CBA) emerges as a pioneering solution in the field of construction. This study, which is a pioneering investigation, delves into the transformative impact of integrating CBA into the fabric of various concrete compositions, which range from traditional mortar to avant-garde geopolymer concrete. A comprehensive evaluation of mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, is conducted alongside a spectrum of durability indicators such as water absorption, chloride ion resistance, and sulfate fortitude. Benchmarks set by global standards such as ASTM and EN serve as our yardstick, revealing that a strategic substitution of up to 10% of sand with CBA not only aligns with these rigorous norms but occasionally surpasses them. For cement, concrete, and geopolymer, the optimal replacement levels of CBA are between 10 and 30%. This enhances mechanical properties and promotes environmental sustainability. Our findings demonstrate the dual benefits of CBA: enhancing the structural integrity and durability of concrete while promoting ecological stewardship. This study not only validates the suitability of CBA as a superior construction material but also encourages the construction industry to pursue a more sustainable and waste-minimizing future.

Abstract Carbon peaking and achieving carbon neutrality have emerged as pivotal strategic imperatives in China. These objectives not only drive a shift in production, lifestyle, and consumption patterns but also illuminate a path towards a comprehensive green metamorphosis in China’s economic and social development landscape. The distinctive nature of museums as quintessential public edifices, requiring sustained regulation of temperature and humidity alongside attracting substantial foot traffic, positions them as crucial pioneers in the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality. It is essential for museums to leverage their leadership and advocacy roles to catalyze low-carbon construction practices across society. This study delves into the energy dynamics specific to the museum sector, delving into the recycling of exhibition materials, methodologies for carbon footprint assessments of visitors and museum staff, and the establishment of a standardized carbon emission accounting framework tailored to the museum industry. Through meticulous examination of representative cases and subsequent analysis, this research delineates decarbonization strategies, offering indispensable technical scaffolding for carbon assessment and emission reduction efforts within the museum realm.

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of the literature on circular economy in Romania, using data from the Web of Science database. The study covers the period from 1992 to 2023 and examines 741 articles from 253 different sources. The results show an annual growth rate of 15.86% in scientific production, highlighting a growing interest in sustainability, recycling, waste management, and renewable energy. The analysis also reveals an average of 12.52 citations per document and a total of 24,773 references, indicating the relevance of these studies in the academic community. Although the percentage of international collaborations is about 20%, partnerships with countries such as Italy, the USA, and Hungary demonstrate an expanding global interest in the circular economy in Romania. The study highlights the central role of Romanian academic institutions and researchers in promoting this field and provides valuable insights for the development of future research, with an emphasis on innovation and sustainability.

Utilizing vegetable waste to produce bioactive compounds through microbial consortia represents a holistic solution to waste management challenges. Efficient waste collection systems in major cities ensure proper segregation of vegetable waste and lay the groundwork for resource utilization. Segregating waste at its source enhances waste stream quality and facilitates downstream processing. Research and development efforts investigating tailored microbial consortia seek to optimize waste degradation and bioactive compound yields, thereby unlocking the potential of waste. This approach significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions by diverting vegetable waste from landfills, thereby mitigating climate change effects and improving air quality. Moreover, it conserves natural resources by reducing the need for virgin materials and promoting biodiversity, conservation, and sustainable resource management. Here, the enzymatic activities and phenolic concentrations derived from the biodegradation of vegetable waste were analyzed over 14 days. Protease activity that plays a vital role in breaking down proteins reached a notable level of 300 µg/ml after 14-day incubation. Lipase activity which is essential for lipid breakdown was observed at a concentration of 6.3 µg/ml. Furthermore, phenolic concentration analysis revealed a significant range, with values ranging from 225 µg/ml to 240 µg/ml after 14 days of incubation. Phenolics are phytochemicals possessing antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. These findings provide valuable insight into the efficacy of utilizing vegetable waste as a substrate for enzymatic and phytochemical production. The observed enzymatic activities and phenolic concentrations highlight the potential of vegetable waste as a valuable resource for the sustainable production of industrially relevant compounds.

The phreatomagmatic eruption of Taal Volcano in Batangas, Philippines, in January 2020 resulted in a massive ash plume covering a large portion of nearby provinces, including Metro Manila. This event caused damage and disruptions to various sectors, including agriculture, the environment, health, infrastructure, and aviation. The challenge of managing the vast amount of collected tephra environmental waste prompted the initiative of converting it into a useful material. This study characterizes and evaluates the quality of the collected tephra as a potential raw material for the construction industry, based on the Philippine National Standard (PNS) 07:2018, to ensure structural integrity and public safety. Four ashfall samples from strategic locations, identified by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), were obtained and analysed for specific chemical parameters using various analytical techniques. The results suggest that tephra has potential as a raw material for ground-level structures. However, further treatment is necessary to reduce the concentration of certain constituents. The material met the standard specifications for SiO2, MgO, and SO3. However, the levels of Al2O3, Fe2O3, total alkali, loss on ignition, and water-soluble and acid-soluble Cl− exceeded the threshold limits set by PNS 07:2018 and EN 197-1:2000.

Abstract The pulp and paper industry generates vast quantities of paper sludge, posing significant environmental challenges due to its disposal in landfills or incineration. This study explores the potential of valorizing paper sludge by incorporating it into particleboard production. It aims to optimize sludge content and particle size to enhance board properties—a novel approach to waste management in the wood composites industry. Through systematic variation of sludge content (0–25%) and particle size ( 2 mm), we assessed the mechanical and physical properties such as internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS). The findings indicate that incorporating paper sludge at moderate levels (5–15%) with optimized particle sizes (

Abstract Plastic waste has recently become a major global environmental concern and one of the biggest challenges has been seeking for alternative management options. Several studies have revealed the potential of several coleopteran species to degrade plastics, and this is the first research paper on plastic-degradation potential by lesser mealworms from Africa. This study evaluated the whole mitogenomic profile of the lesser mealworm to further identify the insect. The ability of the mealworm to consume Polystyrene (PS) was also evaluated alongside its associated gut microbiota diversity. Our results showed a complete circular mitochondrial genome which clustered closely to the Alphitobius genus but also suggested that our insect might be a new subspecies which require further identification. During the PS feeding trials, overall survival rates of the larvae decreased when fed a sole PS diet while PS intake was observed to increase over a 30-day period. The predominant bacteria observed in larvae fed PS diets were Kluyvera, Lactococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus, while Stenotrophomonas dominated the control diet. These findings demonstrated that the newly identified lesser mealworm can survive on a PS diet and has a consortium of important bacteria strongly associated with PS degradation. This work provides a better understanding of bioremediation applications, paving the way for further research into the metabolic pathways of plastic-degrading microbes and bringing hope to solving plastic waste pollution while providing high-value insect protein towards a circular economy.

Abstract Unsafe patient care in hospitals, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is often caused by poor infection prevention and control (IPC) practices; insufficient support for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and inadequate waste management. We looked at the intersection of IPC, WASH, and the global initiative of improving health care quality, specifically around maternal and newborn care in Bangladesh health facilities. We identified 8 primary quality improvement and IPC/WASH policy and guideline documents in Bangladesh and analyzed their incorporation of 30 subconditions under 5 critical conditions: water; sanitation; hygiene; waste management/cleaning; and IPC supplies, guidelines, training, surveillance, and monitoring. To determine how Bangladesh health care workers implemented the policies, we interviewed 33 informants from 16 public and private facilities and the national level. Bangladesh’s 8 primary guidance documents covered 55% of the 30 subconditions. Interviews showed that Bangladesh health facility staff generally rely on eight tools related to quality improvement (five); IPC (two); and supportive supervision (one) plus a robust supervision mechanism. The stakeholders identified a lack of human resources and environmental hygiene infrastructure and supplies as the main gaps in providing IPC/WASH services. We concluded that the Bangladesh government had produced substantial guidance on using quality improvement methods to improve health services. Our recommendations can help identify strategies to better integrate IPC/WASH in resources including standardizing guidelines and tools within one toolkit. Strategizing with stakeholders working on initiatives such as universal health coverage and patient safety to integrate IPC/WASH into quality improvement documents is a mutually reinforcing approach.

The volume of waste left from war-related destruction amounts to 10-12 million tons per year. Such volume is comparable to the annual volume of municipal solid waste generated in Ukraine. This situation led to formation of unauthorized landfills and complicated the existing problem of industrial, consumer, construction and demolition waste management. Consequently, the issue of destruction waste management became a pressing environmental and socio-economic problem. The objective of this research is to assess the characteristics of destruction waste management in the regions of Ukraine. Destruction waste is generated during construction of new buildings and public structures, as well as during renovation or demolition of existing buildings and structures; including general-use facilities. It is estimated that, before the war, nearly 7 million tons of construction and demolition waste was generated annually, with more than 50% being transported to municipal solid waste landfills. Specialized landfills for its disposal were virtually non-existent in the regions of Ukraine, so this waste, despite its resource value, was taken to municipal solid waste landfills or unauthorized dumps. Some components of construction and demolition waste are toxic. Destruction waste includes parts (fragments) of damaged (destroyed) objects, as well as materials and items that were inside or next to such objects at the time of damage (destruction) and/or during disassembly activities, including those that fully or partially lost their consumer properties and cannot be reused at the place of their origin or discovery. Destruction waste pollutes the environment, so one of the ways to reduce environmental risks is to develop an effective waste management system to stop chaotic processes during disassembly activities. Destruction waste differs from construction and demolition waste by the presence of accompanying hazardous components, complicating the development of a waste management system. The main components of destruction waste should be used as secondary raw materials for construction, production of building materials and other purposes. Provided that appropriate physical-geographic, engineering-geological, hydrogeological, technical, and socio-economic conditions are available, it is advisable to create temporary waste storage sites, with their subsequent use as secondary raw materials in the post-war period for restoration of civil, industrial, and transport infrastructure in the regions of Ukraine.

Pollution of water bodies and process upset in treatment plants in Mexico by cheese whey discharges is a matter of concern where scant inspection and law enforcement may aggravate the situation. This study analyzes the current state of environmental regulatory compliance and the impacts of whey discharges with particular emphasis on the country’s leading dairy-producing state, Jalisco. Subsequently, cheese whey characteristics and current valorisation volume and uses are discussed in detail. From there, anaerobic digestion is presented as a key technology for cheese whey treatment mainly to comply with wastewater regulations, with recovery of biogas as bonus. From there, the volume of cheese whey discharged to the environment and potential equivalence in biogas and electricity production is calculated considering both the technologies commonly used in industrial applications and for farms and small producers. Also, the potential electricity generation and prevented atmospheric impact are calculated and framed against the current Mexican energy and emissions inventory. Finally, a review of past efforts to disseminate the use of anaerobic digesters to produce biogas from organic waste in Mexico is undertaken, followed by a discussion of the basic requirements for a strategy to sustainably manage and treat whey discharges.

Plastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental crisis, prompting the search for innovative solutions to manage and repurpose plastic waste sustainably. Chemical recycling has garnered attention as a promising strategy to address this challenge by converting discarded plastics into valuable feedstocks and products. Drawing upon statistical data and a thorough review of the literature, this paper examines the diverse methodologies and technologies employed in chemical recycling, highlighting key advancements and their potential environmental and economic impacts. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of various methods of chemical recycling of plastics. In this article, the reader is offered a detailed overview of various chemical processing methods, including hydrolysis, glycolysis, enzymatic degradation, acid hydrolysis, supercritical fluid depolymerisation, catalytic pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis, fluidised bed pyrolysis, plasma gasification, steam gasification, oxidative degradation, hydrothermal liquefaction, biological depolymerisation, and electrochemical processing. The literature cited in the article allows the reader to gain an in-depth understanding of processes at Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) 4 to TRL 9, depending on the chosen technology.

This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of by-product raw materials from the sugar industry for use as fuel. The approach involved developing an equation to calculate the higher heating value (HHV) for each type of raw material using a regression method. Additionally, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) was employed to estimate the lower heating value (LHV) based on the mixing ratios by weight of sugarcane trash leaves (SCL), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and filter cake (FTC). The results demonstrated that the developed model accurately estimated the HHV for each raw material. The ultimate analysis showed high statistical appropriateness, with an R2 of 0.83. The standard error of estimation was 0.74 MJ/kg, and the mean absolute error was 0.76%. Furthermore, the SCMD effectively estimated the LHV of the SCL, SCB, and FTC mixture ratios, achieving an R2 of 99.77%. The evaluation and validation of the prediction equation revealed a mean absolute error of 7.57% and a mean bias error of 6.31%. The findings of this study can be used to enhance the combustion efficiency of sugar industry by-products for use as fuel by selecting the optimal mixing ratio for each type of raw material.

The European Union (EU) has set ambitious recycling targets for plastic packaging waste of 50% and 55% by the end of 2025 and 2030, respectively. Austria’s recycling rate is currently below 30%, necessitating significant improvements in collection, sorting, and recycling efficiencies. To enhance the sorting efficiency, understanding the composition and condition of waste is crucial. Our study focuses on the identification of the recyclable content of polyethylene (PE) films in Upper Austrian waste streams for plastics recycling. This involved the manual sorting of three waste streams through various steps. As a result, the occurrences of monolayer PE films in the post-consumer waste streams were obtained. Based on the apprehended data, a circularity indicator (CI), which is a rough estimation of material circularity that takes into account the losses in both quantity and quality when reprocessing materials, together with a sensitivity analysis was calculated for Austria, which revealed that reducing demand and increasing the amount of recycled materials is more beneficial to the CI than improving energy efficiency. This research fills knowledge gaps on the availability of PE film waste in the various waste streams and can be used as a basis for enhancing the recycling rate in PE film recycling.

The rising global demand for sustainable and eco-friendly practices has led to a burgeoning interest in circular bioeconomy, wherein waste materials are repurposed into valuable resources. Lignocellulosic waste, abundant in agricultural residues and forestry by-products, represents a significant untapped resource. This article explores the potential of fungal-mediated processes for the valorisation of lignocellulosic waste, highlighting their role in transforming these recalcitrant materials into bio-based products. The articles delve into the diverse enzymatic and metabolic capabilities of fungi, which enable them to efficiently degrade and metabolise lignocellulosic materials. The paper further highlights key fungal species and their mechanisms involved in the breakdown of complex biomass, emphasising the importance of understanding their intricate biochemical pathways for optimising waste conversion processes. The key insights of the article will significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of fungal biotechnology for circular bioeconomy applications, fostering a paradigm shift towards a more resource-efficient and environmentally friendly approach to waste management and bio-based product manufacturing.

Abstract Introduction Healthcare waste is any waste generated by healthcare facilities that is considered potentially hazardous to health. Solid healthcare waste is categorized into infectious and non-infectious wastes. Infectious waste is material suspected of containing pathogens and potentially causing disease. Non-infectious waste includes wastes that have not been in contact with infectious agents, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive substances, similar to household waste, i.e. plastic, papers and leftover foods. This study aimed to investigate solid healthcare waste management practices and develop guidelines to improve solid healthcare waste management practices in Ethiopia. The setting was all health facilities found in Hossaena town. Method A mixed-method study design was used. For the qualitative phase of this study, eight FGDs were conducted from 4 government health facilities, one FGD from each private health facility (which is 37 in number), and forty-five FGDs were conducted. Four FGDs were executed with cleaners; another four were only health care providers because using homogeneous groups promotes discussion. The remaining 37 FGDs in private health facilities were mixed from health professionals and cleaners because of the number of workers in the private facilities. For the quantitative phase, all health facilities and health facility workers who have direct contact with healthcare waste management practice participated in this study. Both qualitative and quantitative study participants were taken from the health facilities found in Hossaena town. Result Seventeen (3.1%) health facility workers have hand washing facilities. Three hundred ninety-two (72.6%) of the participants agree on the availability of one or more personal protective equipment (PPE) in the facility ‘‘the reason for the absence of some of the PPEs, like boots and goggles, and the shortage of disposable gloves owes to cost inflation from time to time and sometimes absent from the market’’. The observational finding shows that colour-coded waste bins are available in 23 (9.6%) rooms. 90% of the sharp containers were reusable, and 100% of the waste storage bins were plastic buckets that were easily cleanable. In 40 (97.56%) health facilities, infectious wastes were collected daily from the waste generation areas to the final disposal points. Two hundred seventy-one (50.2%) of the respondents were satisfied or agreed that satisfactory procedures are available in case of an accident. Only 220 (40.8%) respondents were vaccinated for the Hepatitis B virus. Conclusion Hand washing facilities, personal protective equipment and preventive vaccinations are not readily available for health workers. Solid waste segregation practices are poor and showed that solid waste management practices (SWMP) are below the acceptable level.

Abstract Brunei, similar to other nations, encounters difficulties in effectively managing solid waste, with 70% of the waste ending up in landfills, 2% through composting, and the remainder being disposed of through conventional methods. The current landfill site is anticipated to reach its maximum capacity in 2025. Energy recovery from waste is crucial for Brunei since it can improve waste management, mitigate environmental consequences, produce economic advantages, bolster energy security, and promote a circular economy. This study aims to identify the potential for energy recovery through landfill gas generated from solid waste disposal in Brunei Darussalam. The study finds that Brunei Darussalam can produce 129 thousand tonnes of CO2e/year landfill gas. Utilising gas to generate electricity of 367 GWh could save 1.6 million USD annually. In addition, it also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the existing solid waste management in Brunei Darussalam. Furthermore, it formulates a waste management policy in Brunei Darussalam by identifying relevant stakeholders to overcome the weakness. Lastly, the framework for waste management is designed to consider short-, intermediate- and long-term goals and targets, with actions to be taken by respective stakeholders.

Abstract Food waste is a significant issue worldwide, with developing countries like Zimbabwe facing unique challenges in managing household food waste. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that can help to understand the environmental impacts of food waste and identify opportunities for reduction. The aim of this review paper is to utilize the LCA approach to examine and analyze the environmental effects of food waste produced at household level in Zimbabwe. The study also attempts to offer insights on feasible methods and interventions that can be used in Zimbabwe to lessen household food waste and the effects it has on the environment. A systematic literature search was conducted using Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, African Journal Online, PubMed, Scopus and Sage Publications using key words for example life cycle assessment, food waste, household food waste, sustainability, waste management and environmental impact. The review includes 41 English articles published up to 2024. The references added up to 76 because some of the references were found inside the 41 articles used to compile the review. The review established that household food waste in Zimbabwe is a significant issue. The main causes of food waste include poverty, lack of access to markets and inadequate storage and transportation infrastructure. Life Cycle Assessment has been applied in Zimbabwe to assess the environmental impacts of food waste, with a focus on land, water and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, relevant stakeholders and the government should give priority to implementing awareness campaigns and education programs to promote food preservation techniques, minimize food loss and encourage the adoption of home composting systems in order to improve Zimbabwe’s LCA of household food waste. The review emphasizes the importance of addressing the root causes of household food waste, such as inadequate infrastructure to reduce impacts of household food waste in Zimbabwe.

Abstract Present study assessed the growth of two plant species and ion uptake by them grown on different proportion of industrial solid waste and garden soil. The industrial waste having high concentration of chemicals were used with garden soil at different proportion i.e. 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4). Two species namely Conocarpus erectus (alien plant) and Dodonaea viscosa (indigenous) were used as test plants in pot study. Different parameters including growth, physiology, and anatomy of plants and concentration of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) in the plant shoot and root were measured at different time duration (initial, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month). The key objective of the study was to use these plants to establish their plantations on the barren lands where industrial solid wastes were being disposed of. C. erectus showed better growth than D. viscosa, as well as more uptake of ions. A significant increase in plant growth was observed in fourth month in T1, where plant height reached 24.5% and 46% for C. erectus and D. viscosa, respectively. At harvest, in C. erectus, no significant difference in the fresh (65–78 g) and dry weight (24–30 g) of the shoot was observed across treatments compared to the control. In D. viscosa, at the time of harvest, the fresh and dry weights of the root and shoot showed a strong, significantly decreasing pattern across T1, T2, and T3, leading to the death of the plant at T3 and T4. Further, optimum ratio of waste soil to garden soil was found as 10:90 and 20:80 to establish the plantations of D. viscosa and C. erectus, respectively in areas where such solid waste from industries are disposed. Findings can be used for the restoration of such solid waste for the sustainable management of industrial areas and their associated ecosystems.

Waste management is a major concern in large cities under heavy demographic pressure. Landfill, the oldest form of solid waste management is gradually being replaced by new technics such as biométhanisation. With the purpose of contributing to the achievement of one of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG7 (affordable and clean energy), the aim of this study is to assess the fermentable fraction of organic wastes into biogas. This survey was carried out in and around Douala city. Biological material consisted of water hyacinth (WH), household wastes (HW), oil palm wastes (OPW) and a mixture of these three substrates (MS) was collected and introduced with cow dung used as inoculum in a biodigester. Some physico-chemical parameters of substrates were determined. Results have shown that substrates used have a pH around neutral. The C/N ratio has shown an excess of nitrogen in the WH, but a deficit in the OPW and MS. The household wastes have presented an ideal ratio for the biological stability of the anaerobic digestion system (21.153 ± 0.695). At the end of the experimentation, a large degradation of organic matter has been observed with COD decrease rates of 37.55 ± 0.12 % (WH), 45.46 ± 0.60% (HW), 48.27 ± 0.34% (OPW) and 46.71 ± 0.26% (MS). All air chambers were inflated and the combustion has shown a blue flame, proof of very high proportions of methane in the flammable biogas. A sanitation process has led to clean energy production.

Disposal of municipal solid waste is a significant environmental issue that has detrimental effects on both the environment and human life. The selection of landfill sites is critical and essential to implementing a comprehensive waste management strategy. This study optimizes the selection of landfill sites in Kuwait through the use of overlay analysis and Geographic Information System in conjunction with multi-criteria decision analysis. The study analysis takes into account human, physical economical, environmental, and governmental factors. Seven optimal locations are depicted on the resulting suitability map, each occupying 10 square kilometres or more and have the capacity to handle solid waste for at least one decade per site, considering the current reported waste generation rate. Furthermore, results of a preliminary geotechnical investigation encompassing field and laboratory tests conducted on soil samples collected at one of the proposed sites are presented. The characterization of the retrieved samples included major geotechnical parameters that are of concern in landfill design and siting studies. The results indicate that the soil at the proposed site exhibited low values of hydraulic conductivity, ranging between 3.50 X 10−07 and 8.96 X 10−08 cm/sec, confirming its suitability for siting landfills. There is an urgent need to develop and implement an integrated waste management system in Kuwait. By leveraging the findings of this study, policymakers and governmental authorities can optimize their decision-making procedures to ensure more effective site selection. This approach will significantly reduce contamination risks and enhance sustainability, leading to a more environmentally responsible waste management system in the country.

The mineralization of inorganic components in paper sludge offers potential for their re-use in various fields. This study synthesized carbonates based on the minerals present in paper sludge and aimed to investigate the control of particle size distribution and particle shape of the synthesized carbonates. First, the physicochemical and thermal properties of paper mill sludge and ash were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, XRF, and TGA. Paper sludge ash was obtained by incinerating the paper sludge, followed by a carbonation reaction using CO2 gas injection and pH neutralization to produce recycled fillers. The average particle size, crystal lattice structure, and morphology of the recycled fillers were analyzed using a particle size analyzer, XRD, and FE-SEM. The results indicate that the recycled filler produced from coating paper sludge exhibited similar brightness and morphology to conventional paper-based fillers, suggesting its potential to replace commercial PCC (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). In contrast, the recycled filler manufactured using old corrugated container mill sludge was deemed unsuitable due to its low hydration activity.

Agriculture plays a fundamental role in India's economy, supporting 70% of rural households. While often perceived as non-productive, agricultural waste harbors materials potentially beneficial to humans through the creation and utilization of biochar in the production and processing of agricultural goods. This study conducts a comprehensive exploration into the advantages and risks associated with biochar application, considering its role as a soil amendment, bioremediation agent, and its broader implications for human health and the environment. Biochar, primarily composed of stable carbon, was initially proposed as a soil amendment to sequester carbon. Efficient resource utilization has emerged as a viable means to address global environmental challenges associated with waste disposal. This review delineates diverse agricultural waste types and sources, identifies related environmental risks, and advocates for government-led measures aligned with circular economy principles to manage such waste. Furthermore, it offers insights into potential management strategies, policy considerations, and practical approaches, fostering sustainable agriculture practices and environmental conservation in India.

The mineralization of inorganic components in paper sludge offers potential for their re-use in various fields. This study synthesized carbonates based on the minerals present in paper sludge and aimed to investigate the control of particle size distribution and particle shape of the synthesized carbonates. First, the physicochemical and thermal properties of paper mill sludge and ash were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, XRF, and TGA. Paper sludge ash was obtained by incinerating the paper sludge, followed by a carbonation reaction using CO2 gas injection and pH neutralization to produce recycled fillers. The average particle size, crystal lattice structure, and morphology of the recycled fillers were analyzed using a particle size analyzer, XRD, and FE-SEM. The results indicate that the recycled filler produced from coating paper sludge exhibited similar brightness and morphology to conventional paper-based fillers, suggesting its potential to replace commercial PCC (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). In contrast, the recycled filler manufactured using old corrugated container mill sludge was deemed unsuitable due to its low hydration activity.

Medical wastes include wastes created by biomedical research institutes, medical labs, and hospitals. Through exposure to infectious pathogens, improper waste treatment offers substantial hazards of disease transmission to wastes workers, wastes pickers, patients, health workers, , and the population in general. Poor wastes management releases dangerous and detrimental constituents into society. However, due of the volumes of wastes generated and its infectious nature, contamination of highly contagious agents such as the sudden pandemic has created huge instability in medical wastes treatments and consequent recycling. Several nations have implemented safety procedures to counteract this pollution and manage medical wastes; nevertheless, these efforts are inadequate and vary depending on the nation. Moreover, worldwide organizations have recognized recommendations for the handling of medical wastes. Those rules are aiding in the management of highly infectious medical wastes generated by all-medical centers. Instead of sending things to landfills, proper medical wastes management may make available value by limiting disease transmission and enhancing recyclability. Disinfecting and classifying medical wastes enables for more sustainable management and the reuse of important resources. This paper addresses the various medical solid wastes environmental impacts, management and disposal techniques used in various nations, the issues encountered throughout these strategies, and potential solutions to these challenges.

This qualitative study investigates the challenges and opportunities surrounding sustainable solid waste management (SWM) practices within Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Drawing upon participation theory, which emphasizes context, design, power, and scale fit, the study's primary objective is to analyze the challenges private entities face in effectively implementing sustainable SWM practices. In-depth interviews, focused group discussions and direct observation data collection methods were applied to collect data. The study used thematic data analysis to examine the research problem. The study findings revealed challenges like inefficiencies in decision-making processes, limited emphasis on sustainability, and poor contracts which do not pave the way to sustainable solid waste management practices. On the opportunity side, findings revealed that the private sector is willing to invest in modern technologies and establish links with other economic sectors, indicating potential paths for sustainable solid waste management. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of inclusive decision-making processes and collaborative approaches in enhancing SWM practices. This study suggests that the Dar es Salaam Municipal Waste Management Department should establish a synergistic relationship between private-sector engagement and innovations in waste separation, reuse, recycling and recovery practices.

Today, waste management is a highly significant priority for the European Union. In 1975, the EU passed the first legislation on waste management, the Framework Directive on Waste, which laid the foundation for the EU's current waste management strategy. Since then, there have been several updates and revisions to waste management legislation to reduce waste and promote sustainable waste management. Today, developing a more circular economy is one of the main objectives of the EU's waste management policy. In order to do this, a circular model of resource reuse, recycling, and economic reintegration must replace a linear model of resource consumption and disposal. This can decrease the damaging effects of waste on the environment and increase resource efficiency. Efficient waste management cannot be maintained without implementing a circular economy thoroughly. The main goal of the analysis is to evaluate the performance of waste management in European Union nations from the viewpoint of the circular economy. We employ the MOORA and COBRA approaches to evaluate European Union countries’ waste management and circular economy performance. As per analysis findings, Germany and France perform better. Two sub-categories of the MOORA and COBRA method results significantly comply with each other. We may also conclude that the European Union countries that adopt circular economy-oriented policies perform better. This study aims to be a pioneer as it analyses both performance dimensions holistically in European Union countries using MCDM methods.

Municipal waste management is a public issue with health, environmental, economic and social implications at the home, local, national and international levels, so the scope of management of this category is very wide and variable, for such an organization there is no other way but strategic management. This qualitative-quantitative study was done with the help of smart pls2 software with the aim of designing a strategic model of minimization of solid waste management through maximum participation of citizens and stakeholders in decision making. It can be acknowledged that the optimal participation of all internal and external stakeholder organizations and citizens in the policy and executive systems of waste management is very important in order to achieve the goal of quality improvement. In this way, it has been tried to establish a two-way relationship between the citizens and the private sector with the public sector through the participation of all sectors. So, the final consumers of waste, can interact with the municipalities through councillors and community center and provide to reduce waste mechanisms to receive citizens' opinions and attract citizens' participation. In fact, cities and municipalities should not try to do everything alone.

The construction industry is one of the largest industries in the world, responsible for global waste and pollution. As such, there is a growing interest in transitioning to a circular economy, which aims to reduce waste and increase resource efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities and challenges in transitioning to circular construction industry in Albania. The research method is qualitative and is based on semi-structured interviews with respondents representing different roles in the construction industry. The findings show that construction stakeholders are primarily driven by mandatory laws and regulations in embracing circular practices. The industry faces significant challenges in effectively adopting and implementing circular economy in its managerial processes and to overcome these difficulties, the study highlights the importance of collective efforts, involving key players such as architects, designers, contractors, and policymakers to formulate and enforce policies that encourage circular design and construction methods, while fostering circular business models. The study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the motivations and challenges faced by contractors in transitioning to a circular economy, and provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics to support the sustainable development of the construction industry in Albania and beyond.

Background: The accumulation and storage of large-scale radioactive waste (RAW) in Ukraine poses a serious threat to the environment. Approximately 2500 tons of nuclear fuel waste was generated during the operation of the RVPK-1000 reactors. About 2800 tons of RW are materials containing nuclear fuel, including reactor graphite, fuel dust, etc. Objectives: The study is aimed at finding the most rational processes for managing accumulated and newly generated radioactive waste. Methods: To resolve complex, poorly formalized problems, system analysis provides the best efficiency. In the current study, an attempt was made to apply exactly this method to the management of radioactive waste. Results: The problem of RW management is complex and requires consideration of numerous factors. The initial basis, should be a functional approach. That is, the representation of the entire system through functional subsystems – groups of objects on which they behave with RW, and the subsequent division of each of the functional subsystems into further subsystems according to the types of accumulated and generated RW (aggregate state, activity level, radionuclide composition, etc.), which in turn is divided into elements. Conclusions: Proposed conceptual model structures the RW management system with all the variety of objects - sources of RW generation, types of RW and types of activities with them in separate subsystems – stages of RW management from their generation to disposal, and thus allows to significantly reduce the number of directions necessary for safety regulations in adoption of solutions.