11 results on '"Wagner, JE"'
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2. Ergebnisse eines deutschlandweiten Gräser-Monitorings der Jahre 2019 - 2021: Befalls- und Resistenzentwicklung
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Heß, Martin, Herrmann, Johannes, Bollmann, Nele, and Wagner, Jean
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germany ,resistance monitoring ,weed infestation ,weed resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Der Befall und die Resistenzsituation von Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv., Bromus spp. und Lolium spp. wurden in den Jahren 2019-2021 untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass gerade im Jahr 2021 der Befall höher war als in den Jahren davor. Resistenzen wurden gerade bei A. myosuroides und Lolium spp. sowohl bei den ACCase- als auch bei den ALS-Inhibitoren gefunden, während für Bromus spp. und A. spica-venti eher Probleme bei Sulfonylharnstoffen gefunden wurden. Zunehmend beobachten wir jedoch Fälle von Mischverungrasungen mehrerer resistenter Gräser, die die Landwirte zunehmend vor Probleme stellen.
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- 2022
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3. Untersuchungen zur Selektion metabolischer Resistenz bei Alope-curus myosuroides Huds. durch Pinoxaden und Pyroxsulam in Dosis-Wirkungsversuchen im Gewächshaus – Analyse der F1-Generation
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Wagner, Jean and Mücke, Manuela
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alopecurus myosuroides huds. ,pinoxaden ,pyroxsulam ,blackgrass ,herbicide mixtures ,metabolic resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Die Bekämpfung von Ackerfuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) stellt vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Resistenzen eine Herausforderung dar. Strategien zur Resistenzvermeidung beinhalten das Alternieren der Wirkstoffe oder ihre Anwendung in Mischungen bzw. in Sequenz. Unabhängig der gewählten Strategie stellt sich immer die Frage welche Resistenzmechanismen durch welche Anwendung positiv, gar nicht oder negativ selektiert werden. Der Blick in dieser Arbeit wird auf die metabolische Resistenz (NTSR) gelegt. Ihre Evolution erfolgt in kleinen quantifizierbaren Schritten und die Ausprägung von Kreuzresistenzen gegen weitere Wirkstoffe bleibt schwer vorhersagbar. Mit den im Getreide zur Bekämpfung von Ackerfuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) eingesetzten Wirkstoffen Pinoxaden (HRAC 1) und Pyroxsulam (HRAC 2) wurde die Evolution von Resistenz bzw. Kreuzresistenz in Gewächshausversuchen für die 1. Generation experimentell simuliert. Dazu wurde eine Anzucht aus der ursprünglichen Feld-Population in drei Teilpopulationen unterteilt. Diese Teilpopulationen wurden mit jeweils 10 % der Feldaufwandmenge der Einzelwirkstoffe Pinoxaden und Pyroxsulam oder der Mischung dieser Wirkstoffe behandelt. Die Überlebenden dieser Behandlung wurden dann getrennt als Teilpopulation weiter vermehrt (F1). Die Empfindlichkeit der drei F1-Populationen und der Elterngeneration (P) gegenüber Pinoxaden, Pyroxsulam und der Mischung wurde in insgesamt 12 Dosis-Wirkungsversuchen verglichen. Die mit Pinoxaden selektierte F1-Population zeigte als einzige Teilpopulation eine signifikante Verschiebung der Unempfindlichkeit gegen Pinoxaden im Vergleich zu der P-Generation mit einem Faktor von 6. Nach Selektion in nur einer Generation konnte eine spezifisch gegen Pinoxaden metabolische Resistenz selektiert werden, die sich mit der Feldaufwandmenge nicht mehr ausreichend bekämpfen ließ.
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- 2022
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4. Einsatz moderner Resistenz-Diagnostik für die Generierung repräsentativer Daten als Basis für ein Algorithmen-gestütztes Herbizidmanagement
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Wagner, Jean, Herrmann, Johannes, and Heß, Martin
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alopecurus myosuroides huds. ,apera spica-venti ,black-grass ,biotest ,digitized decision support ,high throughput genotyping ,resistance mechanisms ,silky bent-gras ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Herbizidresistenzen nehmen zu und entwickeln sich diffizil. Pauschale Empfehlungen lösen keine Probleme, sondern verschärfen die Problematik vielfach. Es braucht dringend Lösungen auf Basis der einzelbetrieblichen Analyse. Auf Algorithmen basierende Entscheidungshilfen für das Management von Herbizidresistenzen müssen dafür unterschiedlichste Datensätze konsolidieren. Biologische Datensätze können nur durch messbare Parameter erhoben werden. Zur Bewertung der Herbizidwirkung auf Unkräuter liefert der Biotest an Nachkommen von Pflanzen der Feldpopulation bis heute die wichtigsten Daten. So kann eine komplexe Phänologie gut erfasst werden. Der Biotest bleibt aber sehr arbeits- und kostenaufwändig. Gleichzeitig braucht eine zuverlässige Modellierung eine hohe Stichprobenzahl mit möglichst geringer Redundanz der Daten. Die Lösung kann nur in einer qualitativen Erhöhung der Stichprobe bei gleichzeitiger Kostenreduktion liegen. Ein wesentlicher Teil liegt in der Umsetzung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis über die Zusammenhänge von Resistenzmechanismen und ihrer Ausprägung im Feld. Eine Bündelung verschiedener Datensätze zeigt: Wiederholende Muster lassen sich durch deutlich weniger Daten abbilden und so Redundanzen vermeiden. Moderne Verfahren zur Hochdurchsatz- Genotypisierung von Populationen eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten: Es werden zukünftig nicht mehr SNPs in einzelnen Pflanzen erfasst, sondern ihr Vorkommen wird prozentual aus Mischproben von 50 oder mehr Pflanzen ermittelt. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel ermöglicht nicht nur eine Reduktion der Kosten pro Datenpunkt, sondern liefert einen deutlich höheren Stichprobenumfang. Damit lassen sich repräsentative Daten mit geringem Aufwand erheben, die wiederum in dynamischen Modellen als Entscheidungshilfen der Praxis zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.
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- 2022
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5. Befall und Herbizid-Sensitivität in ausgewählten Regionen Deutschlands: Ergebnisse eines Gräser-Resistenzmonitorings 2019
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Herrmann, Johannes, Heß, Martin, and Wagner, Jean
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germany ,resistance monitoring ,weed infestation ,weed resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Die Ergebnisse aus einem bundesweit durchgeführten Gräser-Resistenzmonitoring werden vorgestellt. Für eine repräsentative Erhebung wurde auf 1121 Feldern im Bundesgebiet die Befallshöhe verschiedener Ungräsern zum Zeitpunkt der Samenreife festgestellt sowie eine Samen-Stichprobe gesammelt. Erfasst wurden dabei Acker-Fuchsschwanz, Gemeiner Windhalm, Trespe-Arten und Welsches Weidelgras. Der Status der Sensitivität gegen zwei H der HRAC-Gruppe A (Axial 50) und B (Atlantis WG) wurde im Biotest (Gewächshaus) erfasst. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass der Gräserbefall nach dem Herbizideinsatz im Feld in den meisten Fällen gering ist und somit noch eine gute Kontrolle mit den vom Landwirt eingesetzten Herbiziden besteht. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass auch bei geringem Befall im Feld Resistenzen nachzuweisen sind, was auf eine starke Selektion durch das eingesetzte Produkt schließen lässt. Resistenzen gegenüber Axial 50 wurden dabei häufiger beobachtet als gegen Atlantis WG.
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- 2020
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6. Resistance patterns of a bur chervil (Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb.) population with a point mutation within the acetolactate synthase gene in comparison with sensitive bur chervil and further weedy Apiaceae species
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Dücker, Rebecka, Landschreiber, Manja, Khan, Muhammad, Zarate, Ernesto Adrian Vernon, Ebert, Cornelius, Herrmann, Johannes, Heß, Martin, and Wagner, Jean
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acetolactate synthase ,apiaceae ,bur chervil ,herbicide resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Weeds of the umbelliferous family (Apiaceae) are gaining importance in several crops and regions and are often difficult to control chemically. For example, the occurrence of bur chervil (Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb.) is not only increasing as a ruderal plant, but is also establishing as an arable weed in winter crops. There, it is often not sufficiently controlled by standard measures and beyond that frequently confused with other weedy umbellifers. In addition, the first A. caucalis populations with resistance to inhibitors of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) have been described. For this reason, we sequenced the ALS gene of a sensitive and a resistant A. caucalis population and found a mutation at position Pro197. This population was compared with a sensitive one, as well as other umbellifers such as hedge parsley (Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link), wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) and hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) in a greenhouse trial with 14 herbicides. There were clear differences between the treatments of sensitive and resistant A. caucalis and the other umbellifers. The sensitive A. caucalis population was effectively controlled by the ALS inhibitors thifensulfuron, tribenuron and metsulfuron, but not by florasulam. Of these herbicides, only metsulfuron had a partial efficacy on the resistant population with 71.8% freshwater reduction. Notably, the efficacy profiles of ALS inhibitors differed significantly between species, while several synthetic auxins and chlortoluron effectively controlled most populations tested. Finally, the correct identification of the umbellifer species, as well as the resistance status, is necessary to carry out targeted chemical control.
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- 2022
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7. Virtual Reality in Pain Rehabilitation for Youth With Chronic Pain: Pilot Feasibility Study
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Griffin, Anya, Wilson, Luke, Feinstein, Amanda B, Bortz, Adeline, Heirich, Marissa S, Gilkerson, Rachel, Wagner, Jenny FM, Menendez, Maria, Caruso, Thomas J, Rodriguez, Samuel, Naidu, Srinivas, Golianu, Brenda, and Simons, Laura E
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Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
BackgroundIn the field of pain, virtual reality (VR) technology has been increasingly common in the context of procedural pain management. As an interactive technology tool, VR has the potential to be extended beyond acute pain management to chronic pain rehabilitation with a focus on increasing engagement with painful or avoided movements. ObjectiveWe outline the development and initial implementation of a VR program in pain rehabilitation intervention to enhance function in youth with chronic pain. MethodsWe present the development, acceptability, feasibility, and utility of an innovative VR program (Fruity Feet) for pediatric pain rehabilitation to facilitate increased upper and lower extremity engagement. The development team was an interdisciplinary group of pediatric experts, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, pain psychologists, anesthesiologists, pain researchers, and a VR software developer. We used a 4-phase iterative development process that engaged clinicians, parents, and patients via interviews and standardized questionnaires. ResultsThis study included 17 pediatric patients (13 female, 4 male) enrolled in an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program, with mean age of 13.24 (range 7-17) years, completing a total of 63 VR sessions. Overall reports of presence were high (mean 28.98; max 40; SD 4.02), suggestive of a high level of immersion. Among those with multisession data (n=8), reports of pain (P
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- 2020
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8. Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in a Newly Implemented Surveillance Program in Uganda: Surveillance Report
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Workneh, Meklit, Hamill, Matthew M, Kakooza, Francis, Mande, Emmanuel, Wagner, Jessica, Mbabazi, Olive, Mugasha, Rodney, Kajumbula, Henry, Walwema, Richard, Zenilman, Jonathan, Musinguzi, Patrick, Kyambadde, Peter, Lamorde, Mohammed, and Manabe, Yukari C
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundNeisseria gonorrhoeae (commonly known as gonorrhea) has developed resistance to all first-line therapy in Southeast Asia. East Africa has historically had absent or rudimentary gonorrhea surveillance programs and, while the existence of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea is recognized, the extent of its resistance is largely unknown. In 2016, the World Health Organization’s Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (EGASP) was initiated in Uganda to monitor resistance trends. ObjectiveThis study characterizes gonorrhea and antibiotic resistance in a large surveillance program of men with urethral discharge syndrome from Kampala, Uganda. MethodsMen attending sentinel clinics with urethritis provided demographic information, behavior data, and a urethral swab in line with the World Health Organization’s EGASP protocols for culture, identification, and antibiotic-sensitivity testing using 2 methods—disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer test) and Etest (BioMérieux Inc). A subset of samples underwent detailed antimicrobial resistance testing. ResultsOf 639 samples collected from September 2016 to February 2018, 400 (62.6%) were culture-positive though 414 (64.8%) had microscopic evidence of gonorrhea. The mean age of the men from whom the samples were collected was 26.9 (SD 9.6) years and 7.2% (46/639) reported having HIV. There was high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and penicillin (greater than 90%) by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and 2.1% (4/188) had reduced azithromycin sensitivity by Etest. Of the early isolates that underwent detailed characterization, 60.3% (70/116) were culture-positive, 94% (66/69) isolates were either ciprofloxacin-resistant or ciprofloxacin-intermediate by Etest, 96% (65/68) were azithromycin-sensitive, and 96% (66/69) were gentamicin-sensitive. Resistance profiles were comparable between methods except for ceftriaxone (disk diffusion: 68/69, 99%; Etest: 67/69, 97%) and for gentamicin (disk diffusion: 2/8, 25%; Etest: 66/69, 96%) sensitivity. ConclusionsThis is the first report from a systematic gonorrhea surveillance program in Uganda. Findings demonstrated resistance or increased minimum inhibitory concentration to all key antigonococcal antibiotics. There was evidence of poor antibiotic stewardship, near-universal resistance to several antibiotics, and emerging resistance to others. Individuals in the population sampled were at exceptionally high risk of STI and HIV infection requiring intervention. Ongoing surveillance efforts to develop interventions to curtail antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea are needed.
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- 2020
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9. Degree of resistance of hetero- and homozygous resistant genotypes of a target-site resistant blackgrass biotype (haplotype Leu1781) in dose-response experiments with clethodim and cycloxydim
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Wagner, Jean and Belz, Regina G.
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Alopecurus myosuroides ,dose-response ,pyrosequencing ,target-site resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
In dose-response experiments and by molecular analyses the reaction of a black grass biotype (Alopecurus myosuroides) with target site resistance to ACCase inhibitors (Ile1781-Leu) was examined for the response to clethodim and cycloxydim and compared to the responses of the homozygous and heterozygous subpopulations. To decipher the population into the homo- and heterozygous sub-populations, individual plants of the resistant biotype were analyzed for the haplotype Leu1781 by means of SNP analytics (pyrosequencing). For the entire population, significant different resistance factors (RF) of 8 and 153 resulted for clethodim and cycloxydim, respectively. For the heterozygous sub-population a RF of 6 was estimated for clethodim and 118 for cycloxydim. For the homozygous sub-population a RF of 10 for clethodim and 136 for cycloxydim was estimated. The RF between the homo- and heterozygous sub-populations for each herbicide were, however, not significantly different. Despite this, a tendency of the heterozygous sub-population being less resistant was indicated. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the selection of resistance depends not only on the herbicide used, but on the frequency of the genotypes in a field population. Furthermore, the significant different reaction of black grass with the haplotype 1781 to both tested herbicides reflects the meaning of the individual constellation of active ingredient, resistance mechanisms and genotype for selection and spread of resistance.
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- 2014
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10. First record of target-site-resistance of poverty brome (Bromus sterilis) to ACCase inhibitors
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Dicke, Dominik, Wagner, Jean, Cramer, Eberhard, and Kirchner, Manfred
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ACCase inhibitors ,herbicides ,poverty brome ,target-site resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
In 2011 reduced efficacy of grass weed herbicides to poverty brome (Bromus sterilis) was observed in oilseed rape on a site in East Hessen. The field was cultivated by using the ploughless tillage system more than 25 years. The site showed high densities of poverty brome (>1000 plants/m²) prior to herbicide treatment. Poverty brome seeds were collected in 2012 in the hessian oilseed rape field and from a site in East Westphalia, where poverty brome appeared at low densities (10 plants/m²) and was not suspected to resistance. The seeds were sown in to pots and plants cultivated. The plants were treated with two application rates (normal dose, double dose) with herbicides of different HRAC-classes. The time of treatment was adjusted to the best expectable treatment/efficiency conditions of the individual herbicides (see chapter 3). Clear differences in efficacy that were caused by herbicide, the origins of poverty brome and the dosages were recorded via visual rating eight weeks after spraying. The herbicides Agil and Focus Ultra were able to control about 90% of the poverty brome plants of the East Westphalia site origin. However, only 20-30% of the Hessian plants could be knocked out by the same herbicides. The ACCase-gene of single powerty brome leaf samples from the hessian site was analyzed after resistance assessment. A molecular genetic analysis on 7 variable positions identified target site resistance: Isoleucine (Ile) was replaced by asparagine (Asn) at position 2041.
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- 2014
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11. Reduction of selection pressure of herbicides - options and limits for blackgrass management by using clethodim in oilseed rape in the presence of the Leu1781 haplotype
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Wagner, Jean, Heisrath, Jens, Juister, Jan, Ommen, Tjard, and Günnigmann, Albert
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Alopecurus myosuroides ,clethodim ,cycloxydim ,homozygous ,heterozygous ,pyrosequencing ,target-site resistance ,Agriculture ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
In field experiments the control of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides, Huds.) in oilseed rape using clethodim (Select EC 240) and cycloxydim (Focus Ultra) with and without subsequent treatments with propyzamide (Kerb FLO) was tested at 6 locations in North and South Germany with assumed resistance problems. The field experiments were accompanied using molecular analysis leaf samples from the plots to seize the occurrence of black-grass with the Leu 1781 haplotype and to determine the frequency of the genotypes. The goal of the trials was to correlate the successes of blackgrass control with the occurrence of hetero- and homozygous resistant genotypes. It was shown in greenhouse trials that clethodim selects the haplotype Leu1781 more weakly (and it shows a higher partial efficacy) than cycloxydim and that heterozygous plants have a lower resistance factor than homozygous plants. The question raised whether the frequency of heterozygous plants has influence on increased efficacy of clethodim under field conditions. At 5 sites target-site resistance was detected. At one location the high proportion of heterozygous plants correlated positive with relative higher control using Select EC 240 (80%) compared to Focus Ultra (0%). At two locations with high proportion of homozygous resistant plants Select EC 240 and Focus Ultra treatments without subsequent treatments with Kerb FLO were not sufficient in solo variants. The subsequent treatments with Kerb FLO provided partly, but not sufficient control of black-grass. At one location no resistance was identified. The effect of Select EC 240 and Focus Ultra to control black-grass were comparable high in all variants with and without subsequent treatments of Kerb FLO. The investigations showed clearly a higher degree of control by plants with the haplotype Leu1781 by the active substance clethodim and pointed out the fact that the frequency of resistant genotypes (homo vs. heterozygous resistant plants) has a clear influence on the resistance selection. The use of DIMs at locations suspected to be resistant should be assured only with the help of propyzamide and nonchemical measurements (e. g. ploughing, crop rotation). The results also indicate that it is necessary to assess resistance mechanisms in resistance research individually depending on the active ingredients, inheritance and weed species.
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- 2014
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