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The symbol of the spider maintains its relevance as a component part of the symbol of communication in the 21st century, being under the www (World Wide Web) sign. The internet network has as its functional prototype the spider. It is the meaning of information transmission networks. I researched the symbol of the spider and its connotations in antiquity, in the lyrics of several Romanian writers: Lucian Blaga, Leonida Lari, Ion Hadârcă. I have tinted the image in cinematography. The article contains concepts from different fields: psychology, mythology, cinematography, philosophy, Romanian literature and comparative literature.

This paper is an exploration of the design and material considerations for creating design-led digital humanities information visualizations using open and accessible web-based tools. It considers how we might approach or even re-approach the high-level material infrastructures of the web (network/code/browser) to facilitate these goals of openness and accessibility—what could perhaps be called a series of meta-considerations when developing visualization projects for the web. It emphasizes code as a material of design—a material that is argued should not always be the exclusive domain of software developers and engineers but can instead be an open and accessible material for, in this case, building dynamic immersive information visualizations. The aim of thinking of code as material in this way is to allow for the possibility of web-based projects being easily accessed and extended by others. It uses the Glossopticon VR visualization as an example throughout.Cet article est une exploration des considérations de conception et de matériel pour créer des visualisations d'information sur les humanités numériques dirigées par la conception en utilisant des outils Web ouverts et accessibles. Il examine comment nous pourrions aborder ou même réapprocher les infrastructures matérielles de haut niveau du web (réseau/code/navigateur) pour faciliter ces objectifs d'ouverture et d'accessibilité - ce que l'on pourrait peut-être appeler une série de méta-considérations lors de l'élaboration de projets de visualisation pour le web. Il met l'accent sur le code en tant que matériau de conception - un matériau qui, selon nous, ne devrait pas toujours être le domaine exclusif des développeurs de logiciels et des ingénieurs, mais qui peut au contraire être un matériau ouvert et accessible pour, dans ce cas, construire des visualisations d'informations dynamiques et immersives. L'objectif de considérer le code comme un matériau de cette manière est de permettre aux projets basés sur le web d'être facilement accessibles et étendus par d'autres. La visualisation Glossopticon VR est utilisée comme exemple tout au long de l'ouvrage.

The present paper is focused on the major challenges to the legal regulation of e-government functioning giving the modern trend of wide application of social media in performing different e-government functions. The current developments in the field of e-government in Ukraine and its legal frameworks are used as an empirical base for the research. However, due to the global nature of social media, the challenges in question can be viewed as the global, or at least the supranational ones. The most important impact factor for reconsidering the e-government legal regulations is the need to utilize the existing social media. Hence, it erects the issue of adaptation of certain internal administrative procedures to the existing ICT solutions and way of functioning with very limited government’s abilities to influence upon them. One of the most important fields of usage of social media on e-governance is providing the transparency and the public information access. To that end different models of web-solutions and respective regulations are reviewed. Besides the separate attention is paid to the cross-border nature of social media, which becomes the issue in respect of their application by public authorities. This is gaining great importance in case of Ukraine, considering critical cyber-security threats revealed within the frameworks of conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Finally, the other challenge for national e-governments is the need to utilize mobile applications for providing administrative services, which also rises considerable security concerns due to involvement of an extensive number of stake-holders. As a result of these processes, there is a need to transform and rethink the current legal framework in order to provide proper balance between security and efficiency and economy of public services delivered via ICT.

Semantic Webs increasingly allow the processing of information over the Internet according to their content and purpose. The widespread use of metadata standards has, however, caused interoperability problems between different systems. Enabling users to search for different languages requires translation resources to cross the language barrier can be a serious challenge. The presented tendency to use semantic webs is an opportunity for legislation, facilitating the process of developing and providing legal regulations and managing the progress of legislative work and implementation of procedures. The aim of this article is to review semantic web theory in relation to the pitfalls of defining and applying ontology to the machine-based understanding of content stored in the network. The scope of this article is a preliminary analysis of aspects of interdisciplinary cooperation in the metadata creation phase – indexed according to the conceptual analysis (ontology) of a given field. The area of research interest was also the benefits and pitfalls of using open source, XML and the Legal Semantic Web in the common judiciary.

Web log files are the greatest source of knowledge now days, which keeps all the information about users interaction to web. This interaction provides us the usage patterns of the user by using web usage mining. These files contain all the information about visitors of the web which is used as input for analysis. These files are converted to required formats after completing the preprocessing so Web Usage Mining (WUM) techniques can apply on these logs. Web usage mining gives us the details of user patterns. In this study we are going discover different behaviors patterns from the web proxy server log file of an educational organization with web usage mining technique. Results are based on the interest of users towards educational websites.

Millones de personas diariamente navegan a través de Internet realizando diversas actividades que solventan sus necesidades de navegación. Desde búsquedas de información académica, lectura de noticias hasta pasar horas de ocio. De esa gran cantidad de personas, un porcentaje considerable son personas que padecen de alguna discapacidad visual, motriz o auditiva. Estas personas utilizan herramientas físicas o lógicas que se implementan en sus equipos de cómputo para ayudarlas a navegar en Internet. Este artículo se enfoca en las personas ciegas que navegan todos los días a través de Internet y en el proceso de detección de estos para imprimirles en pantalla un sitio desarrollado especialmente para ellos, cuya intención es proporcionar de funcionalidades que sean de ayuda para que puedan escuchar idóneamente la información hospedada en el sitio.

Sieci semantyczne (ang. Semantic Web) pozwalają w coraz większym stopniu na przetwarzanie informacji za pośrednictwem Internetu zgodnie z ich zawartością i przeznaczeniem. Rozpowszechnienie standardów metadanych spowodowało jednak problemy z interoperacyjnością między różnymi systemami. Umożliwienie użytkownikom przeszukiwania różnych języków wymaga zasobów tłumaczeniowych, aby przekroczyć barierę językową, może stanowić poważne wyzwanie. Zaprezentowana tendencja do korzystania z sieci semantycznych jest szansą dla prawodawstwa, ułatwiającą procesy opracowania i udostępniania przepisów prawnych oraz zarządzania postępem prac legislacyjnych i realizacji procedur. Celem artykułu jest przegląd teorii sieci semantycznych w odniesieniu do pułapek związanych z definiowaniem i stosowaniem ontologii na potrzeby zrozumienia maszynowego treści przechowywanych w sieci. Zakres artykułu obejmuje wstępną analizę aspektów współpracy grup interdyscyplinarnych na etapie tworzenia metadanych - indeksowane według analiz koncepcyjnych (ontologii) danej dziedziny. Obszarem zainteresowań badawczych były również korzyści i pułapki zastosowania Open- source, XML i Legal Semantic Web w sądownictwie powszechnym.

Sieci semantyczne (ang. Semantic Web) pozwalają w coraz większym stopniu na przetwarzanie informacji za pośrednictwem Internetu zgodnie z ich zawartością i przeznaczeniem. Rozpowszechnienie standardów metadanych spowodowało jednak problemy z interoperacyjnością między różnymi systemami. Umożliwienie użytkownikom przeszukiwania różnych języków wymaga zasobów tłumaczeniowych, aby przekroczyć barierę językową, może stanowić poważne wyzwanie. Zaprezentowana tendencja do korzystania z sieci semantycznych jest szansą dla prawodawstwa, ułatwiającą procesy opracowania i udostępniania przepisów prawnych oraz zarządzania postępem prac legislacyjnych i realizacji procedur. Celem artykułu jest przegląd teorii sieci semantycznych w odniesieniu do pułapek związanych z definiowaniem i stosowaniem ontologii na potrzeby zrozumienia maszynowego treści przechowywanych w sieci. Zakres artykułu obejmuje wstępną analizę aspektów współpracy grup interdyscyplinarnych na etapie tworzenia metadanych - indeksowane według analiz koncepcyjnych (ontologii) danej dziedziny. Obszarem zainteresowań badawczych były również korzyści i pułapki zastosowania Open- source, XML i Legal Semantic Web w sądownictwie powszechnym.

Sieci semantyczne (ang. Semantic Web) pozwalają w coraz większym stopniu na przetwarzanie informacji za pośrednictwem Internetu zgodnie z ich zawartością i przeznaczeniem. Rozpowszechnienie standardów metadanych spowodowało jednak problemy z interoperacyjnością między różnymi systemami. Umożliwienie użytkownikom przeszukiwania różnych języków wymaga zasobów tłumaczeniowych, aby przekroczyć barierę językową, może stanowić poważne wyzwanie. Zaprezentowana tendencja do korzystania z sieci semantycznych jest szansą dla prawodawstwa, ułatwiającą procesy opracowania i udostępniania przepisów prawnych oraz zarządzania postępem prac legislacyjnych i realizacji procedur. Celem artykułu jest przegląd teorii sieci semantycznych w odniesieniu do pułapek związanych z definiowaniem i stosowaniem ontologii na potrzeby zrozumienia maszynowego treści przechowywanych w sieci. Zakres artykułu obejmuje wstępną analizę aspektów współpracy grup interdyscyplinarnych na etapie tworzenia metadanych - indeksowane według analiz koncepcyjnych (ontologii) danej dziedziny. Obszarem zainteresowań badawczych były również korzyści i pułapki zastosowania Open- source, XML i Legal Semantic Web w sądownictwie powszechnym.

The World Wide Web is a valuable wellspring of data which contains information in a wide range of organizations. The different organizations of pages go about as a boundary for performing robotized handling. Numerous business associations require information from the World Wide Web for doing insightful undertakings like business knowledge, item insight, serious knowledge, dynamic, assessment mining, notion investigation, and so on Numerous scientists face trouble in tracking down the most fitting diary for their exploration article distribution. Manual extraction is arduous which has directed the requirement for the computerized extraction measure. In this paper, approach called ADWDE is proposed. This drew closer is essentially founded on heuristic methods. The reason for this exploration is to plan an Automated Web Data Extraction System (AWDES) which can recognize the objective of information extraction with less measure of human intercession utilizing semantic marking and furthermore to perform extraction at a satisfactory degree of precision. In AWDES, there consistently exists a compromise between the degree of human intercession and precision. The objective of this examination is to diminish the degree of human intercession and simultaneously give exact extraction results independent of the business space to which the site page has a place.

Component based software development has become a very popular paradigm in many software engineering branches. In the early phase of Web 2.0 appearance, it was also popular for web application development. From the analyzed papers, between this period and today, use of component based techniques for web application development was somewhat slowed down, however, the recent development indicates a comeback. Most of all it is apparent with W3C’s component web working group. In this article we want to investigate the current state of web application development with component approach. Most of all we are interested in which way components are used, which web development frameworks are being used, for which domains is component based web development most popular and successful, etc. How many current web development frameworks explicitly refer to component-based approach? To answer this question, we performed a literature review.

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The present discourse lasts around, information pollution, causes and concerns of information pollution, internet as a major causality and how it affects the decision making ability of an individual. As, information producers in the process to not to lose the readership of their content, and to cater the information requirements of both the electronic and the print readers, reproduce almost the whole of the printed information in digital form as well. Abundant literature is also equally produced in electronic format only, thereon, sharing this information on hundreds of social networking sites, like, Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Flicker, Digg, LinkedIn, etc. without attributions to original authors, have created almost a mess of this whole information produced and disseminated. Accordingly, the study discusses about the sources of information pollution, the aspects of unstructured information along with plagiarism. Towards the end of the paper stress has been laid on information literacy, as how it can prove handy in addressing the issue with some measures, which can help in regulating the behaviour of information producers.

AutomaticTrans (AT) es una empresa que desde 1994 se dedica a desarrollar y comercializar tecnología para facilitar los procesos multilingües de grandes organizaciones. Las empresas que utilizan la tecnología de AT se benefician de la organización de los procesos, los controles de calidad sistemáticos y la eficacia en las tareas de traducción y localización. Los desarrollos de AT están orientados en tres áreas: lingüística, gestión e integración. Lingüística para facilitar con traducción automática y memorias de traducción las tareas de los traductores; gestión para organizar todo el ciclo de procesos desde el pedido hasta la publicación; integración para facilitar la puesta en marcha en organizaciones complejas de todos los procesos alineados con la tecnología ya existente.

Digitale Kommunikationsmedien spielen eine zentrale Rolle in einem globalen Transformationsprozess, der alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft, das einzelne Individuum, Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur betrifft. Entsprechend der fundamentalen Bedeutung des Internets in unserer mediatisierten Gesellschaft ist es wesentlich, auch den Bereich der Erinnerungskultur im Netz sowohl in seiner praktischen Anwendung als auch in der wissenschaftlichen Analyse zu berücksichtigen. Der Essay diskutiert die theoretischen Rahmenbedingungen und erörtert mögliche Zugänge zur Erforschung webbasierten Erinnerns.

Since 1997, the Victorian Resources Online (VRO) website (http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/vro) has been a key means for the dissemination of landscape-based natural resources information via the internet in Victoria, Australia. The website currently consists of approximately 11,000 web pages, including 1900 maps and 1000 downloadable documents. Information is provided at a range of scales—from statewide and regional overviews to more detailed catchment and sub-catchment levels. At all these levels of generalisation, information is arranged in an organisationally agnostic way around key knowledge “domains” (e.g., soil, landform, water). VRO represents a useful model for the effective dissemination of a wide range of natural resources information; relying on partnerships with key subject matter experts and data custodians, including a “knowledge network” of retired land resource assessment specialists. In this paper, case studies are presented that illustrate various approaches to information and knowledge management with a focus on presentation of spatially contexted soil and landscape information at different levels of generalisation. Examples are provided of adapting site-based information into clickable maps that reveal site-specific details, as well as “spatialising” data from specialist internal databases to improve accessibility to a wider audience. Legacy information sources have also been consolidated and spatially referenced. More recent incorporation of interactive visualisation products (such as landscape panoramas, videos and animations) is providing interactive rich media content. Currently the site attracts an average of 1190 user visits per day and user evaluation has indicated a wide range of users, including students, teachers, consultants, researchers and extension staff. The wide range of uses for information and, in particular, the benefits for natural resource education, research and extension has also been identified.

The paper presents selected information on the newest results of a wide investigation of the state of information and communication technologies development in agricultural production enterprises in the Czech Republic. The investigation was realized in the first half of 2009 with the main aim to analyze development of information infrastructure and actual trends in ICT use in rural regions where most entrepreneurial subjects operate. Besides a presentation of own research results, some obtained pieces of knowledge are then commented and eventually discussed in connection with official outputs of the Czech Statistical Office (CSO), if they have a certain relevance to the given problems.

Abstract When looking at the different cultures on the Web today, and keeping an eye on the past, one can speculate on what the future of moving images on the World Wide Web is likely to be ten years from now. Three scenarios are discussed in this article: the first involves a new consensus around commercial content on the Internet; the second deals with user-generated content; and the third describes how file-sharing will have changed into strategic file-sharing by the year 2020.

Most World Wide Web (WWW) resources are currently accessible from PCs and through HTTP; however, multimodal application research is being carried out and tools and proposals are being developed allowing access to WWW resources from several de-vices and mechanisms. The motivation for developing multimodal and multi-device applications has arisen from organisations’ need to avoid duplicating information and services available in applications and Web pages. This article describes the structure of a tool allowing multimodal and multi-device access to WWW resources through HTTP, SMS, WAP, MMS and S@T. This work’s main contribution lies in its proposing a possible and simple architecture for accomplishing this and validating it through implementing a prototype.

The implications of ICT on urban planning and development is the topic of this paper. At the outset, the relationship between the 'intelligent environment', and planning and development is outlined, followed by the discussion on new perspectives in the planning value system, and creation of the value-chains. The ICT based planning products and processes are outlined and explored. The author argues that ICT not only affects the very understanding of planning, its role and its attributes, but also changes the planning's scope, and the character of its performance. The challenges to the ICT alternative are highlighted in the last section, and debated vis-à-vis observed benefits. Implications for the concrete planning practice are at the heart of the overall discussion. .

En el presente artículo se glosa la trayectoria pedagógica del Colegio Público de Educación Especial Gloria Fuertes de Andorra (Teruel), un centro que constituye una referencia obligada, a nivel nacional e internacional, en los ámbitos científico, académico y educativo relacionados con la Psicomotricidad y con la Educación Especial.

As the human recorded memory is progressively digitized and posted on line, the need for a common semantic coordinate system independant from natural languages and ontologies is growing. A future universal semantic addressing system, able to index all digital documents, should meet three basic requirements. First, each distinct concept should have a unique address. Second, the semantic coordinate system should be open to any concept and relations between concepts (ontologies), whatever the cultural environments where these concepts are created and transformed, without neither privileges nor exclusions. Third, it should support a group of mathematically defined (automatable) operations on semantic addresses, namely : rotations, symmetries and translations in the « semantic space » ; semantic compression and decompression ; set-theory operations like union, intersection and symmetric differences ; ranking on semantic criteria ; semantic pattern recognition ; semantic distances measurement ; logical inferences, etc. Developped by an international research network led by the Canada Research Chair in Collective Intelligence at the University of Ottawa, the Information Economy MetaLanguage (IEML), allows the construction of a semantic coordinate system meeting these three constraints. Website, including the IEML dictionary, since may 2006 : www.ieml.org. In Brasil, BIREME (www.bireme.br) is member of the IEML initiative.

This paper presents the SYDOX/MATCOMP/Xi project, funded by the French Ministry of Industry. The goal of the project was to provide the construction professionals with an on-line aid for component specification and selection at different levels of the construction life cycle. This two years project started in 1997 and involved several partners. This paper describes the main features of the information system: databases, query and communication systems. SYDOX(SYstème de DOnnées compleXes) is aimed at defining and demonstrating a prototype to access information about MATerials and COMPonents used in construction, implemented on a WWW server. Though the objective is general, the work was focused on a restricted sub-section of the construction domain. We describe the domain and the scope of the project, the starting point and the lessons learnt from the development of the prototype. We also propose some important ideas on which this research is based.

Presenta dos propuestas relacionadas con el cibergobierno en las Administraciones Locales: fases de evolución del gobierno electrónico (e-gobierno) y modelo de análisis de contenidos de los espacios web españoles que integra versiones o propuestas previas. Propone cinco etapas de evolución: a) información; b)comunicación unidireccional; c) comunicación bidireccional; d) transacciones y e) interacción de datos, información y conocimiento interadministraciones. El modelo de análisis contiene más de 200 items a evaluar divididos en tres grandes bloques: información para la vida cotidiana; administración a distancia; y participación ciudadana, contenidos en una tabla multientrada que permite valorar cada uno de ellos en los cinco momentos definidos para el e-gobierno.

Trinidad and Tobago is faced with the challenge of developing strategies to integrate successfully in the new knowledge economy. Many governmental actions towards "wiring" the nation are currently taking place. Creation of the "intelligent nation" is among country's national development objectives. Vis-a-vis plans yet to be designed and implemented over the next ten years there is a reality of the www option that has gained a momentum, and is already playing an important role in Trinidad and Tobago. While during the first years the www has been accepted as a medium for communicating and sharing information, today it has moved onto the next generation transforming into the development supporting tool. The experience of Trinidad and Tobago in using the CIT-based alternative is the focus of this paper. It explores the state of the art in the field, and discusses the way the alternative has been utilized so far in the country's development and management practice. It also identifies the potentials for further development, and suggests a number of proposals for future strategies and actions.

The Internet provides no QoS, and from the looks of it, never will. We turn to the grid for a solution. In terms of QoS, existing grid technologies can bring a refreshing feel to the way we use the Web. The Internet evolved by interconnecting existing equipment (telephone lines) while quality and security measures were later added to it's agenda, after the issues occurred. Grid architecture is being designed in a more proactive mindset. Grids have started being used not only for scientific purposes but also for communication, collaboration and transferring data. Switching to a grid-based Web and adding nontrivial QoS to the equation is a natural step forward. The paper compares the evolution of the Internet in parallel to the evolution of grids, providing Grid QoS solutions and arguing in favor of the switch to a grid-based Web.

In recent years, hypermedia has been grown in interest in advanced research on teaching and learning. Futhermore, the extension of hypermedia toward intelligent hypermedia comes more than obviously to meet specific requirements of learning, such as the student modeling, diagnosis and guiding the learner in his investigation.In this paper, we present an architecture for a system based on integrating hypermedia system and intelligent knowledge based system. The object formalism is chosen to represent static and predefined knowledge, whereas the rule formalism is chosen for dynamic knowledge and reasoning processes modeling. The knowledge base can be described by three models of expertise: the domain model, the student model and the didactic model (including the communication model). This architecture allows automatic generation of dynamically individualized courses according to the learner's goal, his or her previous knowledge and the learner's success in acquiring knowlede.

The contribution deals with the possibilities of acquisition information of technological process development in the real time. The ways and methods of representation of this information on client site in the www page form are discussed. The application of one of this method is illustrated.

The contribution deals with the possibilities of www technology utilization in real time process control and describes the representation of this information on client site in the www page form. The communication between client and process over web server and socket connection is discussed. The application of one of this method is illustrated.

Internet publication will radically alter how chemists will publish their research in the next century. In this article, we describe two fundamental changes: enhanced chemical publication which allows chemists to publish materials that cannot be published on paper and end-user customization which allows readers to read articles prepared to meet their specifications. These concepts have been implemented within the Internet Journal of Chemistry, a new journal designed to employ the latest technologies for chemical publications.

Početak interneta seže u šezdesete godine kad je on bio veza između nekoliko sjedišta Ministarstva obrane SAD-a. Danas on povezuje milijune računala diljem cijeloga svijeta. Nitko nije vlasnik interneta i nitko njime ne upravlja u cijelosti. Pojava interneta u Hrvatskoj dovela je do pojave novih naziva u hrvatskome jeziku. U radu se opisuje hrvatsko internetsko nazivlje te se ono uspoređuje s hrvatskim računalnim nazivljem nastalim prije masovne pojave interneta u Hrvatskoj te u nekim slučajevima i s odgovarajućim slovenskim nazivima.

This review describes the history of the "Molecule of the Month" Website, along with a short summary of some of the molecules which featured during 1997.

The background to a Web page describing elemental and molecular heritage at Imperial College chemistry department is described. Photographs are shown of the original samples of elemental bromine and crystalline silicon, and molecular ferrocene and mauveine. 3D "Hyperactive" models of these systems are shown, together with a recently discovered heterocyclic systems scorpionine, which like mauveine is made by a deceptively simple chemical synthesis.

En el presente artículo se recoge una metodología para la valoración del impacto de la información en Internet, usando las capacidades de indización y recuperación del buscador Altavista. Se aprovecha el contexto para describir la función de los metaelementos del HTML como mecanismo de estructuración y ordenación de la información. Se discuten las limitaciones y fiabilidad del método y se exponen algunos datos que muestran la producción de páginas WWW a nivel de institución y a nivel nacional, así como su comparación con otros países europeos. Se hace especial hincapié en la posibilidad de medir el impacto de estas páginas en función de las veces que son 'enlazadas' desde páginas externas de manera similar a como funciona el 'Citation Index' del Institute for Scientific Information.

Uno de los fenómenos más interesantes del periodismo contemporáneo es el denominado Periodismo de Datos, donde la evolución del periodismo asistido por ordenador y las representaciones de datos han puesto la atención en la usabilidad, la interacción, la visualización y la participación de los usuarios. El trabajo periodístico se ve alterado desde el inicio, produciéndose una extraordinaria colaboración entre periodistas y también la cooperación con diseñadores e informáticos, produciendo nuevas narrativas visuales para artículos o reportajes a partir de la utilización de un gran volumen de datos, muchos de ellos provenientes de la Web Semántica, una revolución cultural sobre la propiedad y uso de los datos que afecta a los procesos de producción de información y conocimiento

L'objectiu d'aquest article és mostrar que la WWW, més que una tecnologia en el sentit estricte del terme, és un estat mental, i analitzar quines serien les característiques futures del mitjà a partir d'aquesta caracterització com a estat mental. Així s'hi analitza la história d'Internet i es mostra que hi ha un seguit d'utopies i principis ideològics que la defineixen, amb la saviesa de les multituds com a idea clau.

L'objectiu d'aquest article és mostrar que la WWW, més que una tecnologia en el sentit estricte del terme, és un estat mental, i analitzar quines serien les característiques futures del mitjà a partir d'aquesta caracterització com a estat mental. Així s'hi analitza la história d'Internet i es mostra que hi ha un seguit d'utopies i principis ideològics que la defineixen, amb la saviesa de les multituds com a idea clau.

Information technology is a necessity in every activity, so the application of technology in education is expected to improve teaching and learning quality, student motivation and practical and theoretical knowledge aggregation. One of these types of technology are web 2.0 technologies,which are widely used in the world of teaching and learning process. The article analyzes the impact of technology to educational process, gives the varioususes of online technologies for education examples. The paper uses comparative analysis, research and other work synthesis, methods.

Various technologies are useful for the integration in teaching/learning process: students are motivated to learn, teachers can visually presente material and easier to organize teamwork. The article discusses several second generation of the www technologies and analyze their use in class options depending on communication, collaboration, storage and information searching possibilities by using these technologies. All these technologies include not only specific but and general characteristics and which technology choose to use depends on personal needs.

Como a memória humana gravada é cada vez mais digilitalizada e inserida online, a necessidade de um sistema de coordenadas semânticas independente das línguas naturais e ontologias está aumentando. Um futuro sistema de endereçamento semântico universal, capaz de indexar todos os documentos digitais, deveria atender a três exigências básicas. Primeiro, cada conceito distinto deve ter um único endereço. Segundo, o sistema de coordenadas semânticas deve ser aberto a qualquer conceito e relações entre conceitos (ontologias) independentemente do ambiente cultural em que esses conceitos são criados e transformados, sem privilégios e exclusões. Terceiro, ele deve permitir um grupo de operações matematicamente definidas (possíveis de ser automatizadas) nos endereços semânticos, ou seja: rotações, simetrias e translações em um “espaço semântico”; compressão e descompressão semântica; operações da teoria dos conjuntos como união, interseção e diferenças simétricas; ranking dos critérios semânticos; reconhecimento do padrão semântico; medidas das distâncias semânticas; inferências lógicas etc. Desenvolvida por uma rede de pesquisa internacional conduzida pela Canada Research Chair in Collective Intelligence [Cadeira de Pesquisa do Canadá sobre Inteligência Coletiva] da Universidade de Ottawa, a Information Economy MetaLanguage (IEML) [Metalinguagem da Economia da Informação] permite a construção de um sistema de coordenadas semânticas que satisfazem essas três exigências. Site que inclui o Dicionário da IEML desde maio de 2006: . No Brasil, BIREME (www.bireme.br) é membro da iniciativa da IEML.

Background. Efforts made by healthcare organisations to ensure a high-quality health care show up as a feature of their efficient operation and business soundness. Namely,high-quality health care is not just a mere word as it cannot be judged on the basis of various certificates, standards and protocols. It is more a relationship between the health care practitioners (doctor, nurse) and purchasers of the health care services (patients, payees). Without a clear quality health care vision, defined in some strategical directives and goals and operationalised and performed in a form of projects,each healthcare organisation or area is foredoomed to failure.Within the Medical Chamber of Slovenia and by pursuing the project named »Quality Healthcare in Slovenia«, we want to ensure uniform databases for as many of medicine specialities and subspecialities as possible. Final goal of the project is ensuring a proper, high-quality health care system providing the quality problems are identified and their causes addressed which would, eventually, lead to proper conditions allowing status determination and continual improvements.Methods. We started our project on September 9, 1999 and finished sampling data for our pilot study in September in 2001. That study was a collaboration of 128 different departments, from 46 areas within 17 hospitals and 7 general practitioners. We started our regular data sampling in the start of 2002. Until December 1, 2002 117 departments from 40 areas within 19 hospitals, 70 general practitioners and 20 dentists took part in the project. Complete system for data sampling and analysis is internet based and was developed considering all security, reliability and ease-of-use factors.Conclusions. Partial analysis of sampled data shows how quality of work of a general practitioner can be layered by using only two indicators.

The increasing popularity of Extensible Markup Language (XML) and the availability of software capable of reading and editing XML documents present opportunities for Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) facilities to be incorporated into "groupware" applications such as collaborative workspaces and "document bases", and to be made available across networks both within organisations and across the Internet. Collaborative systems have, in the past, characteristically, been geared to retrieve and present whole documents, and while annotation and discussion of documents has been possible within such systems, the "pencil-level" analysis commonplace in CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software) has been lacking. XML, when combined with a scripting language such as Perl, can be used to offer basic QDA functionality—retrieval by text and codes, attachment of memos to text fragments, and the generation of summary data—via a standard web-browser. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0202134

L'aparició de la WWW i d'Internet com a xarxa de telecomunicacions ha canviat el concepte del que es considera informació: no està més ben informat qui més dades té, sinó qui disposa dels millors mitjans per a obtenir exclusivament les que necessita i per a assimilar-les (digerir-les). Aquesta situació està donant un gran impuls a la recerca i el desenvolupament d'aplicacions en el camp de les tecnologies de la recuperació i l'extracció d'informació. En aquest context, els sistemes de resum automàtic de documents representen un nou pas endavant cap a una optimització del tractament de la documentació en format digital i la seva adequació a les necessitats dels usuaris. En aquest article es presenten les principals línies de recerca en la confecció de resums automàtics i les seves relacions amb altres àrees de l'enginyeria lingüística.

La aparición de la WWW y de Internet como red de telecomunicaciones, han cambiado el concepto de lo que se considera información: no está mejor informado quien más datos posee, sino quien dispone de mejores medios para obtener exclusivamente los datos que necesita y asimilarlos (digerirlos). Esta situación ha contribuido a impulsar la investigación y el desarrollo de aplicaciones en el campo de las tecnologías de recuperación y extracción de información. En este contexto, los sistemas de resumen automático de documentos suponen un nuevo paso hacia la optimización del tratamiento de la información en formato digital y su adaptación a las necesidades de los usuarios. Este artículo presenta las principales líneas de investigación en lo que respecta a la elaboración de resúmenes automáticos y sus relaciones con otras áreas de la ingeniería lingüística.

The coming of the WWW and of the Internet as a telecommunications network has changed the concept of what is considered information: the person who is best informed is not the one with the most information but the one with the best means for obtaining and assimilating (consuming) exactly the information acquired. This situation is proving to be a great stimulus for research into and the development of applications in the field of technology for recovering and extracting information. In this context, automated document summary systems are a new step forward towards optimising the treatment of documentation in digital formats and for tailoring it to the needs of users. This article outlines the main lines of research into the creation of automated summaries and its relationships with other areas of linguistic engineering.

Topical metadata are simultaneously hailed as building blocks of the semantic Web and derogated as spam. The significance of the metadata controversy depends on the technological appropriateness of adding them to Web pages. A survey of Web technology suggests that Web pages are both transient and volatile: poor hosts of topical metadata. A more supportive environment exists in the closed Web. The vast majority of Web pages, however, exist in the open Web, an environment that challenges the application of legacy information retrieval concepts and methods.

The purpose of this paper is to begin a [fine-grained] process of differentiating between creation motivations for links in academic Web sites and citations in journals on the basis that they are very different phenomena.

This study was carried out in a mixed gender school using the World Wide Web to teach the top primary five (11 years old) class of forty pupils using a constructivist approach to learning. The study shows differences in gender attitudes toward computers. Generally, boys spent more time with computers at home playing games and had more experience using the World Wide Web compared to girls. On the other hand, more girls preferred the Web-based lesson compared to traditional classroom-based lessons. They learnt more from paired-group work and preferred to work with a partner while boys preferred working alone and learned less working with a partner. The study also found that unlike girls, boys disliked reading from computer screens because they had difficulty reading long pages of text.

Using the World Wide Web (WWW) as an interactive educative tool is still a relatively new concept, and little is known of its impact on learning when it is used as a dynamic learning tool. Despite this the use of educational internet sites, in the form of virtual classrooms and courses, appears to be increasing rapidly. Thus, it is important that their ability to facilitate learning is evaluated. We present the findings of a preliminary study which examined the amount, type and quality of leaning of an undergraduate indroductory history course when presented to three different groups of participants. All participants received four regularly spaced 30 minute study and repeated test sessions over an eight day period. A final test of new questions was also administered at the end of the study. Results showed that the amount of historical knowledge acquired by the end of the study was greatest for those paticpants who learnt using traditional methods, and that over the four test sessions this group consistently outperformed both computer groups. Moreover, the way in which knowledge was acquired was qualitatively different in the groups with the traditional group exhibiting more 'Know' responses while the Intranet group exhibited more 'Remember' responses. Finally, using useability questionnaires, we found that participants preferred learning via traditional methods to screen and Intranet presentations, and that participants who had learnt using computers felt that their learning experience had suffered. These findings have important implications for educators, and others who wish to use the Internet as a training tool, and we discuss our findings through the evaluation of the different presentational media used, specific Intranet design criteria and general usability factors, which, we suggest, are of paramount importance.