Search

The article is devoted to the transformation of confessional images into national ones in German visual journalism during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). This is most clearly seen in a unique German monument from the Thirty Years' War era - illustrated single-leaf woodcuts on which images were combined with text below. The engravings of the illustrated single-leaf woodcuts reflected all the most pressing processes and events of the early modern period, including the crisis of religious consciousness and the collapse of the idea of a “universal monarchy” - a single Christian state under the auspices of the Holy Roman Emperor. During the era of the Thirty Years' War, politics could not be imagined without religion, and religious motives were not separated from political ones. The Thirty Years' War, which turned into the first pan-European catastrophe, became a new step in the secularization of consciousness, which contributed to the metamorphosis of political teachings of the 17th century. The Thirty Years' War, which turned into the first pan-European catastrophe, became a new step in the secularization of consciousness, which contributed to the metamorphosis of political teachings of the 17th century. The gap between politics and religion that began at this time was expressed, among other things, in the emergence of the idea of the nation as one of the leading leitmotifs of state development. National consciousness gradually turned into a kind of foundation for politics. During the era of the Thirty Years' War, this was reflected in the interpretation of Christian symbols and confessional images in visual media. In illustrated single-leaf woodcuts, they were increasingly associated with claims to the uniqueness of one’s own nation and the need for state sovereignty. Traditional religious meanings and motives were used to create images of both national heroes and “anti-heroes” - enemies of the state and nation

Abstract Visual media (pictures, photographs) are often used in adult literacy instruction, presumably because they are easy for adult literacy learners to process. However, relatively little research has been conducted on how adult literacy learners comprehend visual media, such as picture stories. Some have argued that picture stories could be used as a scaffold for training higher-level skills, such as inference strategies. Before such interventions can be developed, an understanding of how adult literacy learners process picture stories is warranted. The present study consisted of a contrastive case study in which adult literacy learners, less proficient college readers, and proficient college readers (three individuals per group) thought aloud while viewing picture stories. This comparison was chosen because less proficient and proficient college readers provide an aspirational comparison for many adult literacy learners who want to eventually pursue college. A qualitative analysis of participants’ think-aloud protocols demonstrated that there were strengths and challenges for the adult literacy learners, less proficient college readers, and proficient college readers in comprehending the picture stories. All three groups of participants demonstrated that they were able to establish explanatory coherence, which involves inferring the meaning of story events. However, there were differences in the extent to which efforts to achieve coherence were directed at the context of individual pictures, the local story context, or global story context. These differences will be discussed in terms of exploring the merits of using visual media in adult literacy instruction.

This practitioner reflection explores our integration of the Relational Employability Framework within the Health Research Project capstone unit of a Bachelor of Health Science degree. To address the historically low quality of student reflections, we incorporated image-based reflective activities to improve engagement and depth. These activities encouraged students to use visual media to examine their developing relational employability. We developed and implemented a series of tutorial activities designed to scaffold this process, aiming to foster deeper reflective practice and highlight its importance for career development and employability. Our reflections indicate that, while grades did not significantly increase, students showed enhanced critical thinking and engagement with reflective practice, suggesting the framework’s effectiveness in broadening awareness and enriching employability overall. We discuss the need for peer support among educators to sustain and enhance reflective practices in teaching-learning and conclude with thoughts on our ongoing efforts to embed and expand reflective practices in teaching approaches

There are many language skills that must be mastered in learning English, consequently the proper media is required to accommodate this need. Webtoon is the solution for these problems, which is a very popular digital comic application with more than 100 million downloads and provides a wide variety of genres which can help to learn English skills. The previous research examined the use of webtoon as a learning media to mastering vocabulary, improve students reading skills, speaking skills and writing skills. However, no research has been conducted on the use of webtoon for all English language skills. Therefore, this study aims to investigate of using webtoon applications for students’ English skills. This study employed qualitative approach, and the design used in this study was systematic literature review. The method of collecting data in this research is by using 25 research articles that were collected from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Microsoft Academic, ScienceDirect, and the Perpustakaan Nasional. From twenty five articles that researchers have been investigated it was found that webtoon media has a big impact on students’ English skills. The illustration images available on the webtoon also help in understanding the story and difficult words for the readers and also do not make the students bored. Therefore, this article is structured to investigate how the use of webtoon for students could increase their English skills.

With the wide application of digital media technology and augmented reality, in order to enhance the design experience of mobile visual media design. This paper uses domain processing, point processing, big picture processing and model processing in numerical algorithms, construction of visual media images based on additive and multiplicative models, integrating the SOR model with the EDT model, build PLS model. Depending on the interactivity, patios-temporal fixity and degree of immersion of the virtual object, analyze the results of PLS experience conceptual model construction by combining system characteristics and cognitive elements of mobile visual media design. To explore the mechanisms by which digital media technologies and augmented reality technologies influence the design factors of mobile visual media, and evaluate the measurement model and structural model. The results of the evaluation found that accuracy 0.325, flexibility 0.472 and completeness 0.328 positively and significantly influenced information quality (R=0.697), system quality (R=0.52) and service quality (R=0.741). The system quality, information quality and service quality of the mobile visual media design products are guaranteed.

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of implementing the Mim-Mem (Mimicry-Memorization) Method with the support of visual media in enhancing Arabic speaking proficiency in a school environment. The Mim-Mem Method combines mimicry for better understanding and memorization for vocabulary reinforcement, while visual media is utilized as a clear representation of the learning material. The research methodology employed is classroom action research with students from grade XI A at SMP IT Sahabat Alam Pelabuhan Ratu Sukabumi as the subjects. Data were collected through observations, tests, and field notes over two research cycles. The results were analyzed to measure the improvement in students' speaking abilities. The research findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in students' speaking skills after applying the Mim-Mem Method with visual media. The average scores increased from 64 in the pre-test to 81 in the post-test, indicating the effectiveness of this method as a learning approach. The discussion involves in-depth analysis regarding the positive impact of the Mim-Mem Method with visual media on Arabic speaking skills among students. The novelty of this research lies in the innovative combination of methods with a visual approach, providing an effective solution to learning challenges. In conclusion, the implementation of the Mim-Mem Method with visual media makes a positive contribution to improving Arabic speaking skills among students at SMP IT Sahabat Alam Pelabuhan Ratu Sukabumi. Recommendations for future research could focus on further developing this method, including variations in teaching approaches and more specific adjustments to students' characteristics. Additionally, further studies could explore the effectiveness of this method in higher education contexts or different educational environments.

This research aimed to determine the influence and the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model assisted by visual media to improve students' learning outcomes. This research used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subject is 12 class VIII students in one public Junior High School in Sidoarjo. The instrument and data collection techniques are pretest-posttest. The data analysis techniques were learning implementation analysis and learning outcomes analysis using the Wilcoxon test and normalized gain score. The results showed that the percentage of the learning implementation for the first and second meetings was very good. The average N-Gain score was 0,60, which was in the medium category. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the guided inquiry model assisted by visual media can improve students' learning outcomes.

Abstract Playing video games is often perceived as the antithesis of engaging with, and learning about, the natural world. Nevertheless, there is growing recognition that digital media is now a central part of many people's lives. This has led to increased efforts to harness the power and popularity of digital games for both ecological education and conservation advocacy. Games designed for educational purposes may be perceived as too niche, or have insufficient resources, to reach wider audiences. In contrast, big budget video games reach many millions of players, but are generally designed for entertainment rather than education. Red Dead Redemption 2 (RDR2), a Western‐themed action‐adventure game, is one such product. Nevertheless, due to its detailed, open‐world simulation of late 19th century North American ecosystems, it provides opportunities for players to learn about real‐world wildlife. We surveyed self‐described gamers who both had, and had not, played RDR2. Participants undertook a wildlife identification quiz focusing on 15 species depicted in the game. We also asked participants about their self‐reported learning and experiences of playing RDR2. We found that participants who had played RDR2 correctly identified more species in the quiz, with this improvement enhanced by having completed the game's main storyline, played more recently or played online in a ‘Naturalist’ role. The difference in performance was greatest for ungulate and fish species which have high in‐game utility value. In addition to species identification, participants reported learning about animal behaviours and interspecies interactions. Their most memorable experiences were associated with RDR2's immersive environment and ability to provoke emotional responses. We conclude that big‐budget video games can have educational as well as entertainment value and should be taken seriously by educators, ecologists and conservationists as a communicative force. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

This article introduces you to the general themes and questions of this special issue. We argue that history and visual media have long been central to humanitarian communication, but that the overlaps between history, visual media, and humanitarian communication have seldom been addressed. A focus on those overlaps, we suggest, not only demonstrates that critical historical inquiry has much to offer for professional communication specialists, it also sheds new light on the workings, changes and persistence of humanitarian narratives over the twentieth century.

For two decades, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) prepared pedagogical materials for Canadian schools. This article reviews the role of visual media in the hundreds of publications prepared for Development Education. Samples collected by Marc Rockbrune, Distribution Clerk responsible for their expedition in schools, libraries, and homes, and donated in 2016 to Carleton University Archives and Research Collections, are read with the help of the ‘psychopedagogical guides’ prepared by CIDA, and the testimonies of two workers of the agency linked to their preparation and dissemination: Mary Bramley, curator of the International Development Photo Library, and Rockbrune himself. Prepared with a large measure of autonomy by a sizeable team of visual artists, designers, and third world reformers, the program outreach was large, and its popularity strong. The expected and effective roles of visual media in the history of this short-lived institution of Development Education is explored to suggest elements of understanding of their impact on a generation of Canadian children and youth.

Interpreting Red Cross museums as a visual medium, this essay explores the visual politics of Red Cross museums through the twentieth century. The essay puts particular emphasis on the entanglements between the visual politics and humanitarian narratives of Red Cross museums and identifies three major narratives that museums promoted through the times: a heroic narrative, a narrative of civility, and a volunteer’s narrative. Last, the essay argues that Red Cross museums may offer a fruitful field to encourage more engagement between (public) historians and humanitarian practitioners.

An accomplished academic, collector, and long-time Red Cross volunteer, Professor Dr Rainer Schlösser is head of the Red Cross Museum of the Red Cross Chapter Fläming-Spreewald in Luckenwalde. He has directed the museum since 2000. Since 2006, he has also served as official spokesperson of the Association of the Red Cross Museums in Germany, a group connecting thirteen Red Cross museums across Germany. I met Rainer Schlösser in his office at the Red Cross Museum in Luckenwalde. After an extended and insightful tour through the museum we sat down to discuss his ideas and his work at the museum.

Visual media are still ineffective in covering all learning focus and learning activities to support independent learning. Independent learning guides students to learn the material by themselves, but it is still not supported by the existing visual media. Infographics are a medium that underlies transformative skills in teaching because they can provide a complete learning focus in each material. This study was aimed at developing English teaching media for the 9th grade. A Design and Development research (DnD) proposed by Richey and Klein (2005) was used in this study, including design, development, and evaluation. Initial observations have been carried out at one of the junior high schools in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by library research relating to the development of infographics and the nature of independent learning, document analysis by doing syllabus analysis, and expert judgment. The results obtained from the research are infographics are considered to be very good as a medium for teaching English for independent learning. This research implies that teachers' technology-based teaching skills can be assisted by developing this infographic teaching media.

Problem solving, creative thinking, and reasoning skills are important skills for students to master to solve various problems that they will face in the future. However, there are still many students that have relatively low ability levels performing these three skills. To improve students' abilities in these three skills, teachers can use learning strategies that incorporate visual learning media. The problem identified in a class of third graders at a public elementary school (SDN 01) in Jagakarsa was the lack of use of learning media in the learning process in the classroom so students' ability in all three skills was less developed. A research study was conducted to determine the increase in problem solving skills, creative thinking skills, and reasoning skills of third grade students at SDN 01 Jagakarsa in math subjects after being taught using instructional media. Data sources were obtained from students' test scores before and after being taught using visual learning media. Based on the N-gain calculation and data analysis using inferential statistics, results showed that the use of visual learning media can improve students' ability to solve problems, think creatively, and reason, especially in mathematics subjects. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Keterampilan memecahkan masalah, berpikir kreatif, dan menalar merupakan keterampilan yang penting dikuasai siswa untuk menyelesaikan bermacam persoalan yang akan dijumpainya kelak di masa yang akan datang. Kenyataannya masih banyak ditemui siswa dengan kemampuan ketiga keterampilan tersebut yang tergolong rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa pada ketiga keterampilan tersebut, guru dapat menggunakan strategi pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran. Masalah yang teridentifikasi di kelas III SDN 01 Jagakarsa adalah masih kurangnya penggunaan media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, sehingga kemampuan siswa dalam ketiga keterampilan tersebut kurang berkembang. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan memecahkan masalah, berpikir kreatif, serta menalar siswa kelas III SDN 01 Jagakarsa pada mata pelajaran matematika setelah diajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran. Sumber data didapat dari nilai siswa sebelum dan sesudah diajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran visual. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan N-gain dan analisis data menggunakan statistik inferensial didapat kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran visual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah, berpikir kreatif, dan menalar secara keseluruhan khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika.

Hearing-impaired students are visual learners. That’s why the visual media selection will be the most appropriate media assistance for teachers, especially in teaching vocabulary. This research aimed to investigate the use of visual media and teacher challenges in developing English vocabulary for hearing-impaired students. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The participants of the research were an English teacher and eight hearing-impaired students in the 8th grade of SMPLB N Banjarnegara. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, and students’ self-reports. The researchers found that the teacher used limited visual media at around the combination of a whiteboard, images, picture dictionary, and realia. The teacher used a whiteboard to write and draw the material. Images and picture dictionary were used to give an overview and insight to the students and sign language was used as language instruction in the teaching process. Less practice pronouncing the words and misunderstanding on reading the lips movements became the challenges for the teacher. Furthermore, the teacher has less technical skills to utilize technological-based media in delivering the materials.

Görsel medya, çocukların yaşamlarında büyük etkiye sahiptir. Çocukların davranışlarını, tutumlarını ve dünya görüşlerini şekillendirmesi sebebiyle sosyalleştirici etkisi en fazla olan araçlardan birisidir. Çocukların yaşamlarını zenginleştirmesi, sağlıksız davranışları değiştirmesi, eğitimi ve bilgiyi yaygınlaştırması, milli ve manevi değerlerin çocuğa kazandırılması, hoşgörüye teşvik etmesi, toplumsal farkları azaltmasını sağlayabilmesi gibi işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Ancak diğer bir açıdan bakıldığında görsel medya çocuğun hayal gücünü sınırlandırır, öğrenme güçlüğüne ve okul başarısında düşmeye neden olur. Şiddet içeren davranışlara teşvik etme, ahlaki değerlerin bozulmasına öncülük etme, sosyal duygusal duyarlılıkları azaltma, anksiyete, depresyon ve intihar davranışları üzerinde kolaylaştırıcı etki yapma, yerel kültürleri baskılama ve yabancılaşmaya katkı sağlama gibi olumsuz etkileri vardır. Televizyon, sinema, internet gibi görsel medya araçlarının içerdiği subliminal mesajlar çocuk üzerinde direkt bir etkiye sahip değildir, ancak dolaylı yoldan bilinçaltını etkileyerek çocukların davranışları üzerinde değişiklik yaratır. Çocukların görsel medya ile geçirdikleri sürenin uzunluğu göz önüne alındığında, çocuklar üzerinde olumsuz kalıcı etkileri olmaktadır. Çocuklar bu konu karşısında savunmasız durumda oldukları için çocuk ve görsel medya ilişkisi üzerinde dikkatle durulması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu derlemenin amacı, görsel medya araçlarının içerdiği subliminal mesajların çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini literatür bilgileri ışığında sunmaktır.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by visual media on student learning outcomes on the Similarity topic. This is experimental research using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The population used in this study were ninth-grade students of one of the junior high schools in Kerinci, Jambi. The sample selection used a random sampling technique. The research data was obtained through pretest and posttest. The results showed that there was an effect of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by the visual media on student learning outcomes on the Similarity topic at the 95% confidence level.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memasyarakatkan dan meningkatkan peran bahasa Arab dalam dunia pariwisata. Untuk tujuan itu, peneliti menerjemahkan teks-teks pada papan petunjuk arah dan informasi yang berada di objek wisata ke dalam bahasa Arab. Proses penelitian ini dimulai dengan cara mengumpulkan data dalam bentuk foto, kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Arab. Setelah itu, peneliti membuat desain papan petunjuk arah dalam dua bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode research and development. Peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data, pengklasifikasian data ke dalam beberapa kategori, serta menganalisis data secara deskriptif dan nonstatistik. Penelitian ini juga berisi analisis data yang berisi sebuah pertanggungjawaban akademik dalam menerjemahkan dengan metode komunikatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah media komunikasi visual berupa papan informasi dan petunjuk arah dalam dua bahasa (Indonesia-Arab) di Curug 7 Cilember, Megamendung, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai model penerjemahan Indonesia-Arab papan informasi, petunjuk arah, dan lainnya di tempat wisata lain yang membutuhkan komunikasi visual dalam bahasa Arab.

A growing number of language teaching studies have started to consider the role of technology in teaching writing. Moreover, recent work in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) class has highlighted the importance of introducing visual media in an effort to help students improve their writing skills. The present study aims at investigating the effect of Canva on students’ writing skills. To this end, forty-four Indonesian EFL students were selected and assigned randomly to two writing classes, namely control and experimental groups. Before the treatment, both groups had a pre-test. During the sessions of instruction, both classes were taught by adopting Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. However, in the experimental group, in order to help students to explore their writing ideas, they were asked to use Canva as media of writing. After the treatment, both groups had a post-test. Then, the number of writing errors made by students from both groups were compared using ANCOVA. The results showed that students in the experimental group had a significantly lower number of writing errors compared to the control group, which confirmed the positive effect of Canva in improving students’ writing skills.

The present study aims at evaluating how YouTube users understand, negotiate and appropriate science-related knowledge on YouTube. It is informed by the qualitative analysis of post-video discussions around visual scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR) triggered by climate change. On the one hand, the SLR maps have an exemplary status as contemporary visualizations of climate change risks, beyond traditional image categories such as scientific or popular imagery. YouTube, on the other hand, is a convenient media environment to investigate the situated appropriation of such visual knowledge, considering its increasing relevance as a navigational platform to provide, search, consume and debate science-related information. The paper draws on media practice theory and operationalizes digital methods and qualitative coding informed by Grounded Theory. It characterizes a number of communicative practices of articulated knowledge appropriation regarding climate knowledge. This includes “locating impacts,” “demanding representation,” “envisioning further,” “debating future action,” “relativizing the information,” “challenging the reality of anthropogenic climate change,” “embedding popular narratives,” “attributing to politics,” and “insulting others.” The article then discusses broader questions posed by the comments and related to the appropriation and discursive negotiation of knowledge within online video-sharing platforms. Ambiguity is identified as a major feature within the practice of science-related information retrieval and knowledge appropriation on YouTube. This consideration then serves as an opportunity to reconsider the relationship between information credibility and knowledge appropriation in the age of the digital. Findings suggest that ambiguity of information can have a positive impact on problem definition, future imagination and the discursive negotiation of climate change.

Hearing-impaired students are visual learners. That’s why the visual media selection will be the most appropriate media assistance for teachers, especially in teaching vocabulary. This research aimed to investigate the use of visual media and teacher challenges in developing English vocabulary for hearing-impaired students. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The participants of the research were an English teacher and eight hearing-impaired students in the 8th grade of SMPLB N Banjarnegara. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, and students’ self-reports. The researchers found that the teacher used limited visual media at around the combination of a whiteboard, images, picture dictionary, and realia. The teacher used a whiteboard to write and draw the material. Images and picture dictionary were used to give an overview and insight to the students and sign language was used as language instruction in the teaching process. Less practice pronouncing the words and misunderstanding on reading the lips movements became the challenges for the teacher. Furthermore, the teacher has less technical skills to utilize technological-based media in delivering the materials.

Conventional teaching and learning process it has many shortcomings, which are caused by not all teachers have the same competence, differences in absorption of learners in listening to lessons, teaching materials that teachers have limited and learning activities for students as objects tend to be boring. For that teachers are required to have creativity in teaching, teachers are required able to stimulate learners to be proactive in learning activities. Like a bridge connecting the two sides, the role played by media learning in a teaching system. That role becomes vital for visual learning media is not only responsible for the arrival of a message to student learning, but also ensures that the message does not degrade or irregularities meaning. Thus a learning process by using visual media can boost creativity and motivation for learners to learn and can be done effectively and efficiently.

This study was conducted to identify the level of usage of visual media in teaching at the Special Education Integration Programme (SEIP) Hearing Impairment. The study also identified the attitude towards the use of visual media and the limitations faced by teachers when using visual media. The findings show the use of visual media in teaching at SEIP Hearing Impairment in Hulu Selangor is in the high level and the teacher have very positive attitude towards visual media. However, the limitations faced by teachers in the use of visual media are on the high level. This research involved 50 respondents from a special education teacher who teaches in nine (9) schools of SEIP Hearing Impairment in Hulu Selangor. Questionnaires were used as research instruments and data collection was done using 5-point Likert scale. These data were processed using Software Statistical Packages For The Social Science 20. The analysis made in descriptive statistical methods in the form of frequency, percentage and mean. Results from this study indicate the level of visual media usage among teachers in SEIP Hearing Impairment are at high level (mean = 3.52), while teachers’ attitudes were very positive (mean = 4.43). There are limitations of the study showed that teachers face in SEIP of Hearing Impairment is high (mean = 3.59). Based on the findings, some suggestions are brought forward to enhance the use of visual media in teaching at SEIP Hearing Impairment

Visual literacy is defined as competencies that enable an individual to understand, interpret, use, generate, and evaluate visual images or messages. The role of visual literacy in teaching mathematics is to enhance learners’ understanding of complex concepts, accommodate their needs, promote their logical and critical thinking, and develop their communication skills. To develop learners’ visual literacy, teachers need to use meaningful teaching styles and strategies in mentoring and guiding their learners, giving them sufficient opportunities to engage in meaningful tasks. This study therefore aimed to answer the research questions regarding what mathematics teachers’ understanding of the role of visual literacy in mathematics teaching is; and how their instruction in terms of teaching styles and strategies facilitated the development of visual literacy. A two-part conceptual framework was used: the first part focuses on teachers’ styles and strategies and the second part on the integration of different visual media with text during instruction. This article reports on an explorative case study conducted with three Form 2 (second year of secondary school) mathematics teachers who were required to facilitate visual literacy in their classrooms. The data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews and a deductive analysis approach was implemented. The study revealed that a teacher-centred teaching style and direct instruction as teaching strategy dominated all three teachers’ instruction. Information was provided to the learners in the form of demonstrations through the use of still media, and oral explanations, with inadequate opportunities for learners to engage in encoding and decoding visual information. We make the recommendation that teacher training programmes should focus on how teachers can use various teaching strategies in a learner- and teacher-centred style, but also how visual media can be made and effectively used by both the teacher and learners to develop their visual literacy.

Visual literacy is defined as competencies that enable an individual to understand, interpret, use, generate, and evaluate visual images or messages. The role of visual literacy in teaching mathematics is to enhance learners’ understanding of complex concepts, accommodate their needs, promote their logical and critical thinking, and develop their communication skills. To develop learners’ visual literacy, teachers need to use meaningful teaching styles and strategies in mentoring and guiding their learners, giving them sufficient opportunities to engage in meaningful tasks. This study therefore aimed to answer the research questions regarding what mathematics teachers’ understanding of the role of visual literacy in mathematics teaching is; and how their instruction in terms of teaching styles and strategies facilitated the development of visual literacy. A two-part conceptual framework was used: the first part focuses on teachers’ styles and strategies and the second part on the integration of different visual media with text during instruction. This article reports on an explorative case study conducted with three Form 2 (second year of secondary school) mathematics teachers who were required to facilitate visual literacy in their classrooms. The data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews and a deductive analysis approach was implemented. The study revealed that a teacher-centred teaching style and direct instruction as teaching strategy dominated all three teachers’ instruction. Information was provided to the learners in the form of demonstrations through the use of still media, and oral explanations, with inadequate opportunities for learners to engage in encoding and decoding visual information. We make the recommendation that teacher training programmes should focus on how teachers can use various teaching strategies in a learner- and teacher-centred style, but also how visual media can be made and effectively used by both the teacher and learners to develop their visual literacy.

Visual media presents us with an opportunity to enter into the written scholarly discussions about an understanding of the paradox that what is seen and what is written are different representation. In this paper I investigate the importance of audience today; I discuss how global communications via new media challenges traditional views of the concept of an audience. I look at how communication is now from one to many, from many to many and from one to one, and how this challenges the term ‘audience’ with ‘users’. This paper enters into the scholarly debate about how interactivity in new media places singular interpretive actions by individuals at its center rather than as the more traditionally peripheral audience. In doing so it suggests that existing audience theory can and should be extended in regard to new media audiences, players or users. This paper also discusses how audience theory remains apposite when it adapts and changes.

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine (1) the implementation of correspondence learning by using visual media, (2) differences in the learning results for the tenth grade students who uses visual media and classes that do not use the visual media, (3) the response of the tenth grade students of in useing visual media in teaching. The research finding showed that: (1) the class that uses visual media, the attention and interest of students to the material is more visible and enthusiastic compared with classes that do not use the visual media. Most of the students in the control class show less interest and attention to the presented material. Most of the students are still not ready to accept the material, for example, there are students who are chatting with friends; (2) the results of gain score obtained from experimental class is 12.27 (13%), while the control class is 1.67 (2%). From these findings, it showed the results of the experimental class gain greater score than the control class that does not use visual media, (3) applied learning activities are also very fun and not boring so that students are able to absorb the material. From the results of the questionnaire instrument data processing, it can be concluded that as many as nine respondents (41%) assume that Visual Media that is applied is excellent, six respondents (27%) stated that applied Visual Media is good, five respondents (23%) stated Visual media is not good, and 2 respondents (9%) stated that Visual Media is very bad. Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui (1) pelaksanaan pembelajaran korespondensi menggunakan media visual, (2) perbedaan hasil belajar siswa kelas X yang menggunakan media visual dengan kelas yang tidak menggunakan media visual, (3) respon dari siswa kelas X yang menggunakan media visual dalam pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kelas yang menggunakan media visual, perhatian dan minat siswa terhadap materi lebih tampak dan antusias dibandingkan dengan kelas yang tidak menggunakan media visual. Sebagian siswa pada kelas kontrol kurang menunjukkan minat dan perhatian terhadap materi yang disampaikan. Sebagian siswa ada yang masih belum siap menerima materi, contohnya masih ada siswa yang mengobrol dengan teman sebangkunya. (2) hasil gain score yang diperoleh kelas eksperimen yaitu sebesar 12,27 (13%), sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 1,67 (2%). Dari temuan tersebut menunjukkan hasil gain score kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol yang tidak menggunakan media visual, (3) kegiatan pembelajaran yang diterapkan juga sangat menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan sehingga siswa mampu menyerap materi. Dari hasil olah data instrument kuesioner, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebanyak 9 responden (41%) menganggap bahwa Media Visual yang diterapkan dinyatakan sangat baik, sebanyak 6 responden (27%) menyatakan Media Visual yang diterapkan berkategori baik, sebanyak 5 responden (23%) menyatakan Media Visual kurang, dan sebanyak 2 responden (9%) menyatakan bahwa Media Visual sangat kurang.

Surveillance as a practice of observation is connected to metaphors that stress optical aspects referring to photographic or filming techniques. For example, films that deal with surveillance often make statements about the quality of images obtained through surveillance, and thereby influence the perception of film itself as a visual medium. However, the current ubiquity of surveillance as a social-ordering process is mainly based on the architecture of technologies designed to allow for surveillance as a form of data collection, which is known as dataveillance. Our main focus here is to explore the representation of dataveillance in visual media despite the actual “de-visualization” of digital surveillance practices. We carve out an analytical framework that locates some of the rhetoric of dataveillance within visual media (film, documentary, computer games) by determining dominant cultural interpretations. In doing so, we investigate the extent to which digital surveillance is visually spatialized and subjectivized, and how these strategies vary in different manifestations.

The objective of this research is to improve the students’ achievement using guided inqury learning model-assisted visual aids. The design of this research is classroom action research (CAR) that carried out to be two cycyles. The steps of this reaserch are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subjects are 31 students of XI IS-1 grade of SMA Negeri 5 Barabai. The collected data are qualitative data from observers who observing the teachers’ and students’ activities and also the qualitative data took from the result of formative test at the end of each cycle. The data anlysis using descriptive qulitative-quantitaive analysis. The result of the research from cycle 1 to 2 shows that the use of guided inquiry learning-assissted visual aids can improve the students’ achievement of flora and fauna in Indonesia and the world materials. The teacher’s activities improve from 69,44% of cycle 1 become 94,44% of cycle 2. The students’ activities improve from 66,67% of cycle 1 become 91,67% of cycle 2. The students’ achievments also improve from 54,84% on the cycle 1 to 87,09% on the cycle 2. Therefore, the guided inquiry learning-assisted visual aids is able to inprove the students’ achievemnt of XI IS-1 of SMA Negeri 5 Barabai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan media visual. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Tahapan dari penelitian ini pada tiap siklusnya yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 31 peserta didik kelas XI IS1 SMA Negeri 5 Barabai. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kualitatif yaitu data yang diambil dari observer yang mengamati aktivitas guru dan peserta didik dan juga data kuantitatif yang diambil dari hasil tes setiap akhir siklus. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian dari siklus I ke siklus II menunjukkan penggunaan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan media visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi flora dan fauna di Indonesia dan dunia. Aktivitas guru meningkat dari 69,44% di siklus I menjadi 94,44% pada siklus II. Aktivitas peserta didik meningkat dari 66,67% pada siklus I menjadi 91,67% pada siklus II. Hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dari 54,84% pada siklus I menjadi 87,09% pada siklus II. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan media visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI IS-1 SMA Negeri 5 Barabai.

This article discusses spatial experience in games, in relation to other media. A brief review of some classic works on spatial experience in literature, photography, cinema and television is presented. A theoretical framework composed of three ‘types of space’ is used for an analysis of a hypothetical simplified gameplay. As a result, the spatial experience of games is understood as a dynamic composition across different levels of materiality and meaning. This practice is made possible, amongst other factors, by fictional capacity, a cultural construction developed over centuries of interaction with media representations.

Animated GIFs are uncommonly well suited for representing archaeology. A shudder-start, temporally ambiguous fragment of sequential media, the animated GIF (just GIFs, hereafter) occupies the margins of formal discourse, visually annotating everyday life on the Internet. The creation of a GIF – compiling frames of action into a sequence – draws an easy parallel with the mode of atomizing that characterises excavation, treating archaeological deposits as discrete entities and their subsequent reassembly into a stratigraphic sequence (Morgan 2012; Morgan and Wright in press). Complex cultural expression is distilled into a brief gesture, the digital equivalent of an archaeological trace. Yet GIFs are fleetingly rare in archaeological representations, with only a handful of examples since the introduction of the media format in 1989. In this GIF essay (modelled on a photo essay), we briefly review the history of the animated GIF with particular attention to archaeological GIFs, discuss their utility in representing archaeological remains and narratives, and argue for a more creative integration of visual media into archaeological practice.

Background and objective: There is a strong positive correlation between the onset of smoking in adolescents and young adults, and exposure to media and movies which shown consumption of smoking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the views of the people of Yazd, Iran on the impact of visual media on the prevention and incidence of smoking among adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive (cross-sectional) study. Participants were 582 individuals living in the city of Yazd. The self administrative questionnaire was used which validity and reliability was measured. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by using SPSS Version 16. Results: Based on participants' view role of family, friends and media respectively were more important in the tendency of adolescents and young adults smoking users. Almost 80% of subjects showed that influence of smoking in the media on a positive attitude towards tobacco smoking among adolescents and young people was very high. More than 55% of participants confirmed that the lack of smoking in movies doesn’t affect the quality of films. Conclusion: The present study suggest control and monitoring on media, limitation or lack of smoking on media and films is an important factor to decreasing and control of smoking in adolescents and young adults.

One of the many modern definitions of “globalization” is as a step in world history that develops trade networks that span continents, supersedes cultural allegiance and embraces the exotic in both commodities and ideas. However, there is much about our modern initiative that is merely an attempt to replicate what has been transpiring for thousands of years. Nowhere is this more apparent than the Silk Roads, ancient arteries of movement and exchange of not only tradable goods but also cultures. In today’s era of trendy cross-cultural interaction, there is much we can learn by observing the peoples of the Silk Roads, with an eye to finding our human similarities among the specific cultural and ethnic differences that this photo essay documents.

This essay stresses the effects of a reflexive gaze in visual arts as well as in their representation of both sex and gender. The reflexive gaze involves a spectator in an image thus depriving him of its subject while at the same time returning it as an object of desire. Sexuality, in the advertisements represents not only a commodity but the latter, according to the Marx’s definition of the fetishism of commodity, reveals both the dimension and the aspects of sexuality that previously escaped visualization. The effects of retroversion are the outcomes of the modes of commodity. In contrast to previous concepts, according to Lacan sexuality represents commodity. A monitoring position of a reflexive gaze is not defined via binary oppositions such as subject-object, active-passive, masculine-feminine. It is rather an inter-space situated between constitutive and objected identifications. The latter, seen in the context of the grounding perspectives, are senseless and impossible to grasp, but the entire visual field along with the range and horizon of the image is situated in «their shadow».

War Isn't Hell, Its Entertainment treats one of the most debated issues of our times i.e. the relationship between war and media, in a similar manner. The book offers no apology for the existence of such a relationship.