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In this work, the numerical simulation of the non-isothermal steady co-extrusion fiber spinning with flow-induced crystallization is explored. The model is based on the formulation originally proposed by China et al. in which Newtonian and Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) fluids are considered the core and the skin layer, respectively. The polymeric flow rate fraction, Deborah dimensionless number and the PTTs parameters on the temperature, the velocity and the crystallization profiles are analyzed. The numerical results show: the temperature profile is sensitive to the polymeric layer flow rate and the deformation parameters (shear thinning and extensional), the tensile stress induced crystallization parameter has a strong influence at the onset of the process, increasing drastically temperature and crystallinity.

In this paper, three methods (Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), terrestrial Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) and aerial SfM photogrammetry with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)) were evaluated and compared to produce high resolution point clouds and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in a semiarid, complex badland area (Los Aguarales) with tourism activities. Geomorphological processes and dynamics were studied at different spatial scales. The preliminary results showed the possibilities of a multiscale approach, using various non-invasive techniques, to assess geomorphological processes. The high resolution of the point clouds, obtained with TLS and terrestrial SfM photogrammetry, allowed preliminary identification of numerous spatial details, although no relevant topographical changes were detected during a short, wet spring period (with rainfall of 200 mm). UAV images allowed work at larger scales (catchment), mapping piping features, and could be seen as a worthwhile tool for time-effective data acquisition from larger areas. The application of different technologies and a multiscale approach to generate high resolution DEMs is a useful technique when carrying out geomorphological studies in semiarid badland areas. However, long term studies will be necessary to verify the suitability of these techniques in such complex landscapes, and quantify topographical changes and erosion rates. Finally, the information obtained with these tools could be used to promote the study area as an interesting geomorphosite with opportunities for tourism.

A numerical solution for axis-symmetrical fluid flow through a smooth constriction using the alternating direction implicit finite volume method and the fractional-step-method is presented. The wall is modelled with a smooth contraction mapped by a sinusoidal function and the flow is supposed to be axis-symmetric. A pressure boundary condition is set at the inlet and the resulting pressure gradient field drives fluid flow which is always in laminar regime. This study presents results for a non-Newtonian fluid using the Ostwaldde Waele constitutive model. Moreover, a transient network representing three different microstructures, immersed in the fluid, is evolved by viscous dissipation and an isothermal process is considered. The time dependent evolution of the transient network is represented by a set of kinetic equations with their respective forward and reversed constants. The numerical predictions show that, at a fixed Reynolds number, the viscous dissipation and the grade of structure restoration or breakage is influenced by constriction severity due to the energy generated during fluid flow. A 50% reduction in transversal section generates secondary flow downstream and vortex shedding, whereas a 10% and 25% constrictions presents a thin boundary layer and no secondary flow near the constricted wall.

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de intercambio de jeringuillas (PIJ) en una prisión para reducir la prevalencia de infecciones asociadas al uso de drogas intravenosas, y conocer la aceptación del programa por internos y funcionarios del centro penitenciario. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional con cortes transversales al inicio, 6 y 12 meses y 10 años de desarrollo del programa. Se realizaron entrevistas a los usuarios del programa y encuestas a muestras accidentales de funcionarios en los distintos cortes, y a una muestra aleatoria de internos a los 10 años. Se registraron diariamente los indicadores de actividad del programa, y se valoró la prevalencia de infección por VIH, hepatitis B y C al inicio y a los 10 años. Para el análisis estadístico utilizamos la prueba ji-cuadrado con la corrección de Yates en caso necesario. Resultados: Durante estos diez años se suministraron 15.962 jeringuillas a 429 usuarios (media de 20,2 usuarios/mes), recuperándose 11.327 (70,9%). La prevalencia de infección por VIH pasó del 21% en 1999 al 8,5% en 2009, la de VHC del 40% al 26,1% (pObjectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of NEPs in prison to reduce the prevalence of infections associated with intravenous drug use and to know more about acceptance of the program by inmates and staff. Material and methods: cross-sectional observational study at baseline, 6 and 12 months and 10 years of program development. Interviews were conducted with program users, as well as random sample surveys of officials at the various cuts, and a random sample of inmates from the centre after10 years. Activity indicators of the program were recorded continuously, and the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV at baseline and after 10 years was evaluated. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used with the Yates correction when necessary. Results: In ten years we have supplied a total of 15,962 syringes to 429 users, (average 20.2 users/month), and 11,327 (70.9%) were returned. The prevalence of HIV infection decreased from 21% in 1999 to 8.5% in 2009, HCV prevalence from 40% to 26.1% (p

Speed evolution, cycle frequency, cycle length and cycle index were analysed during a 200-m maximal test, in young paddlers (23 kayak men, 22 kayak women and 20 canoe men; 13-14 years-old). Recordings were taken from a boat following each test and switched from analogue to digital format to measure the variables cited above. Evolution was similar in three categories. The speed and cycle index decreased through the test after the first 50 m, while the cycle length was stable. The cycle frequency had a progressive decrease along the distance. Men kayak got higher values in all the variables than women kayak and canoeist, but only were significantly higher in speed and cycle index. Lower values of cycle length and cycle frequency were obtained from canoe men and kayak women, respectively.Key Words: speed, cycle frequency, cycle length, cycle index, paddlers.Un total de 65 palistas de categoría infantil (23 hombres kayak, 22 mujeres kayak y 20 hombres canoa) entre 13 y 14 años de edad, realizaron un test máximo de 200 m en una calle acotada por boyas, que fue grabado desde una perspectiva lateral y posteriormente pasado a formato digital para determinar la evolución de la velocidad, frecuencia de ciclo, longitud de ciclo e índice de ciclo. Las variables analizadas mostraron una evolución similar en todas las categorías. La velocidad y el índice de ciclo tuvieron una tendencia decreciente a partir de los primeros 50 m, mientras que la longitud de ciclo se estabilizó a partir de esta distancia hasta el final de la prueba; la frecuencia de ciclo disminuyó progresivamente durante todo el test. Los hombres kayak obtuvieron valores superiores al resto de categorías en todas las variables analizadas, siendo las diferencias significativas en velocidad e índice de ciclo. La menor velocidad en las otras categorías fue el resultado de valores significativamente inferiores de frecuencia de ciclo para las mujeres kayak y de longitud de ciclo para los hombres canoa.Palabras Clave: velocidad, frecuencia de ciclo, longitud de ciclo, índice de ciclo, piragüistas.

Evolution of speed (V), cycle length (LCL), cycle frequency (FCL) and cycle index (ICL) were analysed in 44 young kayakists (24 males and 20 females; 13 – 14 years old) who underwent a maximum-500 m test. Digitalized images from each test were obtained to measure the variables cited above. V, FCL and ICL decreased through the test, while LDL was kept stable. FCL was similar in both genders, although the values of remaining variables measured were significantly higher in males than in females. There was a significant inverse correlation between FCL and LCL and a significant direct correlation between ICL, V and LCL was found.KEY WORDS: canoeing, speed, cycle frequency, cycle length, cycle index.Se analizó la evolución de la velocidad (V), la longitud de ciclo (LCL), la frecuencia de ciclo (FCL) y el índice de ciclo (ICL) sobre un test máximo de 500 metros realizado por 44 kayakistas de 13 y 14 años, 24 de ellos hombres y 20 mujeres. Los datos se obtuvieron tras digitalizar las filmaciones de cada uno de los test. La V, la FCL y el ICL disminuyeron a lo largo de la prueba, mientras que la LCL se mantuvo estable. La FCL fue similar en ambos sexos, mientras que para las demás variables la categoría masculina obtuvo valores superiores. Se encontró una alta correlación inversa entre la FCL y la LCL y directa entre el ICL con la V y la LCL.PALABRAS CLAVE: Piragüismo, velocidad, frecuencia de ciclo, longitud de ciclo, índice de ciclo.

Resumen: Introducción: La proteína priónica celular patógena (PrPsc) necesita de la presencia de la fisiológica (PrPc) para su propagación y replicación. Se estudia comparativamente la expresión y localización de PrPc en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) de rata, ratón, gato, vaca y humano, mediante técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y de Western blot, con el objetivo de un mejor conocimiento de las prionopatías y de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Material y métodos: Se emplearon encéfalos humanos y de gato, rata y vaca, para estudios por técnicas inmunohistoquímicas; se analizaron las cortezas frontal, temporal y occipital, así como hipocampo y tálamo. Se utilizaron técnicas de Western blot para encéfalos de ratón, gato, vaca y humano. Resultados: Existe una disminución rostrocaudal de la cuantía de PrPc en el SNC de dichas especies. PrPc se sitúa en la membrana y en el citoplasma de las neuronas. Se observan neuronas inhibitorias en el córtex del gato. El patrón general del Western blot es análogo en las especies estudiadas, con predominio de la banda diglucosilada sobre las bandas monoglucosilada y no glucosilada. Discusión: Los datos indican que en las prionopatías, PrPsc puede transmitirse y replicarse de forma retrógrada en y a partir de las zonas más PrP positivas. La mayor cuantía de PrPc en algunas zonas del encéfalo humano podría estar en relación con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos de la EA. Conclusiones: Los datos apoyan un transporte retrógrado de la PrPsc en el SNC. La PrPc debe de tener relación con la fisiopatología de la EA. Abstract: Introduction: The scrapie prion protein (PrPsc) requieres the cellular prion protein (PrPc) for its propagation and replication. In this work we studied the expression and localization of the PrPc in the central nervous system (SNC) of the rat, mouse, cat, cow and human, using immunohistochemestry and Western blot techniques to understand more about prionopathies and Alzheimer's disease (EA). Matherial and methods: For the immunohistochemetry study we used human, cat, rat and cow samples to analyse frontal, temporal and occipital cortex, as well as the hippocampus and the thalamus. For the Western blot analysis we used mouse, cat, cow and human brain samples. Results: We observed a decrease in the amount of PrPc in the SNC in a rostrocaudal shift in the species mentioned above. We observed inhibitory cells in the cat cortex. The Western blot analysis showed a similar pattern of expression in the different species studied with a preponderance of the diglycosylated band, in relation to the other bands observed in the analysis. Discussion: These data suggest that in prionopathies PrPsc could be transmitted and could be replicated in and from the areas with most expression of PrPc. Similarly, a higher amount of this protein (PrPc) in some brain areas could explain some histopathological aspects of EA. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis of a retrograde transport of PrPsc in the SNC. PrPc could be related to the pathophysiology of EA. Palabras clave: Proteína priónica celular, Prionopatías, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Mamíferos, Keywords: Cellular prion protein, Prionopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Mammals

Introduction: The scrapie prion protein (PrPsc) requieres the celular prion protein (PrPc) for its propagation and replication. In this work we studied the expression and localization of the PrPc in the central nervous system (SNC) of the rat, mouse, cat, cow and human, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques to understand more about prinopathies and Alzheimer's disease (EA). Material and methods: For the immunohistochemistry study we used human, cat, rat and cow samples to analyse frontal, temporal and occipital cortex, as well as the hippocampus and the thalamus. For the Western blot analysis we used mouse, cat, cow and human brain samples. Results: We observed a decrease in the amount of PrPc in the central nervous system (CNS) in a rostrocaudal shift in the species mentioned above. We observed inhibitory cells in the cat cortex. The Western blot analysis showed a similar pattern of expression in the different species studied with a preponderance of the diglycosylated band, in relation to the other bands observed in the analysis. Discussion: These data suggest that in prionopathies PrPsc could be transmitted and could be replicated in and from the areas with most expression of PrPc. Similarly, a higher amount of this protein (PrPc) in some brain areas could explain some histopathological aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis of a retrograde transport of PrPsc in the CNS. PrPc could be related to the pathophysiology of AD. Resumen: Introducción: La proteína priónica celular patógena (PrPsc) necesita de la presencia de la fisiológica (PrPc) para su propagación y replicación. Se estudia comparativamente la expresión y localización de PrPc en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) de rata, ratón, gato, vaca y humano, mediante técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y de Western blot, con el objetivo de un mejor conocimiento de las prionopatías y de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Material y métodos: Se emplearon encéfalos humanos y de gato, rata y vaca, para estudios por técnicas inmunohistoquímicas; se analizaron las cortezas frontal, temporal y occipital, así como hipocampo y tálamo. Se utilizaron técnicas de Western blot para encéfalos de ratón, gato, vaca y humano. Resultados: Existe una disminución rostrocaudal de la cuantía de PrPc en el SNC de dichas especies. PrPc se sitúa en la membrana y en el citoplasma de las neuronas. Se observan neuronas inhibitorias en el córtex del gato. El patrón general del Western blot es análogo en las especies estudiadas, con predominio de la banda diglucosilada sobre las bandas monoglucosilada y no glucosilada. Discusión: Los datos indican que en las prionopatías, PrPsc puede transmitirse y replicarse de forma retrógrada en y a partir de las zonas más PrP positivas. La mayor cuantía de PrPc en algunas zonas del encéfalo humano podría estar en relación con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos de la EA. Conclusiones: Los datos apoyan un transporte retrógrado de la PrPsc en el SNC. La PrPc debe de tener relación con la fisiopatología de la EA. Keywords: Cellular prion protein, Prionopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Mammals, Palabras clave: Proteína priónica celular, Prionopatías, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Mamíferos

Speed evolution, cycle frequency, cycle length and cycle index were analysed during a 200-m maximal test, in young paddlers (23 kayak men, 22 kayak women and 20 canoe men; 13-14 years-old). Recordings were taken from a boat following each test and switched from analogue to digital format to measure the variables cited above. Evolution was similar in three categories. The speed and cycle index decreased through the test after the first 50 m, while the cycle length was stable. The cycle frequency had a progressive decrease along the distance. Men kayak got higher values in all the variables than women kayak and canoeist, but only were significantly higher in speed and cycle index. Lower values of cycle length and cycle frequency were obtained from canoe men and kayak women, respectively. Key Words: speed, cycle frequency, cycle length, cycle index, paddlers.

Evolution of speed (V), cycle length (LCL), cycle frequency (FCL) and cycle index (ICL) were analysed in 44 young kayakists (24 males and 20 females; 13 – 14 years old) who underwent a maximum-500 m test. Digitalized images from each test were obtained to measure the variables cited above. V, FCL and ICL decreased through the test, while LDL was kept stable. FCL was similar in both genders, although the values of remaining variables measured were significantly higher in males than in females. There was a significant inverse correlation between FCL and LCL and a significant direct correlation between ICL, V and LCL was found. KEY WORDS: canoeing, speed, cycle frequency, cycle length, cycle index.

Se ha realizado un estudio termodinámico sobre la formación de la prehnita en doleritas triásicas. A partir del diagrama establecido se propone que su formación es debida a una alteración hidrotermal, que ha afectado a las fracturas post-triásicas de la dolerita ya consolidada.

Introduction: Charged Particle Therapy plays a key role in the treatment of deep-seated tumours, because of the advantageous energy deposition culminating in the Bragg peak. However, knowledge of the dose delivered in the entrance channel is limited by the lack of data on the beam and fragmentation of the target.Methods: The FOOT experiment has been designed to measure the cross sections of the nuclear fragmentation of projectile and target with two different detectors: an electronic setup for the identification of Z ≥ 3 fragments and a nuclear emulsion spectrometer for Z ≤ 3 fragments. In this paper, we analyze the data taken by exposing four nuclear emulsion spectrometers, with C and C2H4 targets, to 200 MeV/n and 400 MeV/n oxygen beams at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt, Germany), and we report the charge identification of produced fragments based on the controlled fading induced on nuclear emulsion films.Results: The goal of identifying fragments as heavy as lithium has been achieved.Discussion: The results will contribute to a better understanding of the nuclear fragmentation process in charged particle therapy and have implications for refining treatment planning in the presence of deep-seated tumors.

The study of nuclear fragmentation plays a central role in many important applications: from the study of Particle Therapy (PT) up to radiation protection for space (RPS) missions and the design of shielding for nuclear reactors. The FragmentatiOn Of Target (FOOT) collaboration aims to study the nuclear reactions that describe the interactions with matter of different light ions (like H1, He4, C12, O16) of interest for such applications, performing double differential fragmentation cross section measurements in the energy range of interest for PT and RPS. In this manuscript, we present the analysis of the data collected in the interactions of an oxygen ion beam of 400 MeV/u with a graphite target using a partial FOOT setup, at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research facility in Darmstadt. During the data taking the magnets, the silicon trackers and the calorimeter foreseen in the final FOOT setup were not yet available, and hence precise measurements of the fragments kinetic energy, momentum and mass were not possible. However, using the FOOT scintillator detectors for the time of flight (TOF) and energy loss (ΔE) measurements together with a drift chamber, used as beam monitor, it was possible to measure the elemental fragmentation cross sections. The reduced detector set-up and the limited available statistics allowed anyway to obtain relevant results, providing statistically significant measurements of cross sections eagerly needed for PT and RPS applications. Whenever possible the obtained results have been compared with existing measurements helping in discriminating between conflicting results in the literature and demonstrating at the same time the proper functioning of the FOOT ΔE-TOF system. Finally, the obtained fragmentation cross sections are compared to the Monte Carlo predictions obtained with the FLUKA software.

The design of a particle therapy system that integrates an innovative beam delivery concept based on a static toroidal gantry and an imaging configuration suitable for beam and online range monitoring is proposed and discussed. Such approach would provide a compact and cost-effective layout, with a highly flexible and fast beam delivery, single particle counting capability for fast measurement of beam fluence and position and a precise real time verification of the compliance between the treatment delivery and its prescription. The gantry configuration is discussed, presenting an analysis of the residual magnetic field in the bore and of the feasibility of irradiating a realistic target volume. Moreover, the expected performance of the PET-based range monitor is assessed through Monte Carlo simulations, showing a precision in the reconstruction of the activity distribution from a clinical treatment plan better than the state-of-the-art devices. The feasibility of the proposed design is then discussed through an assessment of the technological improvements required to actually start the construction and commissioning of a system prototype.

Landslide inventories have become cornerstones for estimating the relationship between the frequency and size of slope failures, thus informing appraisals of hillslope stability, erosion, and commensurate hazard. Numerous studies have reported how larger landslides are systematically rarer than smaller ones, drawing on probability distributions fitted to mapped landslide areas or volumes. In these models, much uncertainty concerns the larger landslides (defined here as affecting areas ≥ 0.1 km2) that are rarely sampled and often projected by extrapolating beyond the observed size range in a given study area. Relying instead on size-scaling estimates from other inventories is problematic because landslide detection and mapping, data quality, resolution, sample size, model choice, and fitting method can vary. To overcome these constraints, we use a Bayesian multi-level model with a generalised Pareto likelihood to provide a single, objective, and consistent comparison grounded in extreme value theory. We explore whether and how scaling parameters vary between 37 inventories that, although incomplete, bring together 8627 large landslides. Despite the broad range of mapping protocols and lengths of record, as well as differing topographic, geological, and climatic settings, the posterior power-law exponents remain indistinguishable between most inventories. Likewise, the size statistics fail to separate known earthquakes from rainfall triggers and event-based triggers from multi-temporal catalogues. Instead, our model identifies several inventories with outlier scaling statistics that reflect intentional censoring during mapping. Our results thus caution against a universal or solely mechanistic interpretation of the scaling parameters, at least in the context of large landslides.

Los polimorfismos sexuales son comunes en la naturaleza, tanto en plantas como en animales, y se han interpretado como un mecanismo que promueve el entrecruzamiento. La heterostilia es un polimorfismo floral en plantas que se ha estudiado ampliamente desde que Darwin lo describiera en detalle y propusiera su significado funcional. Como ocurre con el resto de los polimorfismos, el estudio de la heterostilia permite entender cómo se mantienen las distintas formas en las poblaciones y por qué los fenotipos son objeto de selección. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta el número de trabajos se detectan nuevas variaciones y excepciones que recomiendan prudencia a la hora de generalizar sobre las características típicas del síndrome heterostilo y su significado adaptativo. En esta revisión se describen los principales aspectos morfológicos y fisiológicos de la heterostilia y su contexto evolutivo. Además, se repasan algunos estudios recientes que muestra la complejidad morfológica, fisiológica y adaptativa de este polimorfismo y se proponen futuras líneas de estudio.

Abstract A rapidly growing population across mountain regions is pressuring expansion onto steeper slopes, leading to increased exposure of people and their assets to slow‐moving landslides. These moving hillslopes can inflict damage to buildings and infrastructure, accelerate with urban alterations, and catastrophically fail with climatic and weather extremes. Yet, systematic estimates of slow‐moving landslide exposure and their drivers have been elusive. Here, we present a new global database of 7,764 large (A ≥ 0.1 km2) slow‐moving landslides across nine IPCC regions. Using high‐resolution human settlement footprint data, we identify 563 inhabited landslides. We estimate that 9% of reported slow‐moving landslides are inhabited, in a given basin, and have 12% of their areas occupied by human settlements, on average. We find the density of settlements on unstable slopes decreases in basins more affected by slow‐moving landslides, but varies across regions with greater flood exposure. Across most regions, urbanization can be a relevant driver of slow‐moving landslide exposure, while steepness and flood exposure have regionally varying influences. In East Asia, slow‐moving landslide exposure increases with urbanization, gentler slopes, and less flood exposure. Our findings quantify how disparate knowledge creates uncertainty that undermines an assessment of the drivers of slow‐moving landslide exposure in mountain regions, facing a future of rising risk, such as Central Asia, Northeast Africa, and the Tibetan Plateau.

Abstract The death toll and monetary damages from landslides continue to rise despite advancements in predictive modeling. These models’ performances are limited as landslide databases used in developing them often miss crucial information, e.g., underlying movement types. This study introduces a method of discerning landslide movements, such as slides, flows, and falls, by analyzing landslides’ 3D shapes. By examining landslide topological properties, we discover distinct patterns in their morphology, indicating different movements including complex ones with multiple coupled movements. We achieve 80-94% accuracy by applying topological properties in identifying landslide movements across diverse geographical and climatic regions, including Italy, the US Pacific Northwest, Denmark, Turkey, and Wenchuan in China. Furthermore, we demonstrate a real-world application on undocumented datasets from Wenchuan. Our work introduces a paradigm for studying landslide shapes to understand their underlying movements through the lens of landslide topology, which could aid landslide predictive models and risk evaluations.

Evalúa la salinidad de las aguas subterráneas en el acuífero kárstico costerodel sector Güira-Quivicán (Cuenca Sur de la Habana), en el período 1997-1998, en función de los porcentajes de agua de mar en la mezcla, con el objetivo de definir las zonas hidrogeoquímicas, evaluar las afecciones debidas a la recarga, a la intrusión marina o a la actividad del hombre, e interpretar los procesos geoquímicos que tienen lugar en el acuífero.

Se identifican los principales procesos modificadores de la calidad de las aguas subterráneas del acuífero kárstico costero del sector Güira-Quivicán debidos al fenómeno de intrusión marina. Entre ellos cabe mencionar la precipitación y disolución de carbonatos, que trae consigo la dolomitización, el intercambio iónico directo e inverso y los procesos de oxidación-reducción. La parte baja de la zona de mezcla, próxima al agua salada subyacente, es la más reactiva, ocurriendo en ella procesos de reducción de sulfatos y de intercambio iónico inverso de gran intensidad que modifican significativamente la composición química de las aguas subterráneas, lo que hace que aparezcan facies hidroquímicas del tipo Cl-Na:Ca.

Determinaciones detalladas en el campo y en el laboratorio de una serie de parámetros físico-químicos han sido realizadas en una red de pozos ubicados en el acuífero kárstico costero del sector Güira-Quivicán (Cuenca Sur de La Habana). Los resultados del trabajo ponen de manifiesto variaciones espaciales y temporales del potencial redox (Eh), oxígeno disuelto (O2), PH, CO2 y contenidos iónicos en las diferentes zonas hidrogeoquímicas previamente identificadas (primera parte de la investigación, presentada también por los autores como ponencia a este Congreso). La composición química del agua subterránea, expresada en términos de patrones hidrogeoquímicos y relaciones iónicas y representada además mediante diagramas y series cronológicas, permite observar las facies hidroquímicas que se presentan en cada una de las zonas diferenciadas, que son el resultado de la acción combinada de varios factores (recarga del acuífero, intrusión marina y sobreexplotación).

Abstract Aims Disturbances in personality and addictions are associated with an increased risk of committing crimes and therefore of being imprisoned. In this study, the relationship between these factors is analyzed through a sample of inmates in the Prison of Pereiro de Aguiar, Ourense. Material and method 204 inmates participated in this transversal simple blind design study. The following variables were analyzed: presence of personality disorders and psychopathy, history of addictive psychoactive substance use, criminal history and socio-demographic variables. Results 101 (49.5%) inmates received a diagnosis of personality disorder, the most frequent being: narcissistic, 43 (21.08%); antisocial, 38 (18.63%); and paranoid, 29 (14.22%). The presence of any personality disorder was associated with an increase in the risk of committing crimes, especially violence and crimes against property. The most frequent personality disorders were associated with higher scores in the psychopathy assessment tools. Higher scores in the Psychopathy Checklist Reviewed (PCL-R) correlated with an increased risk of committing the following crimes: violent, against public health, against property and disorderly conduct. The consumption of addictive psychoactive substances was associated with the commission of crimes against property. Methadone stood out for its protective role against the commission of violent crimes. Discussion This sample shows that inmates have a higher prevalence of personality disorders, psychopathy and consumption of addictive psychoactive substances. These three variables significantly increased the risk of committing crimes.

Let {Gi:i∈N} be a family of finite Abelian groups. We say that a subgroup G≤∏i∈NGi is order controllable if for every i∈N, there is ni∈N such that for each c∈G, there exists c1∈G satisfying c1|[1,i]=c|[1,i], supp(c1)⊆[1,ni], and order (c1) divides order (c|[1,ni]). In this paper, we investigate the structure of order-controllable group codes. It is proved that if G is an order controllable, shift invariant, group code over a finite abelian group H, then G possesses a finite canonical generating set. Furthermore, our construction also yields that G is algebraically conjugate to a full group shift.

Let G be a monoid that acts on a topological space X by homeomorphisms such that there is a point x0∈X with GU=X for each neighbourhood U of x0. A subset A of X is said to be G-bounded if for each neighbourhood U of x0 there is a finite subset F of G with A⊆FU. We prove that for a metrizable and separable G-space X, the bounded subsets of X are completely determined by the bounded subsets of any dense subspace. We also obtain sufficient conditions for a G-space X to be locally G-bounded, which apply to topological groups. Thereby, we extend some previous results accomplished for locally convex spaces and topological groups.

This paper studies the construction of the exact solution for parabolic coupled systems of the type , , , , , and , where , , , and are arbitrary matrices for which the block matrix is nonsingular, and is a positive stable matrix.

In this paper, we study initial value problems for coupld second order delay differential equations with variable coefficients. By means of the application of the method of steps and the method of Frobenius, the exact solution of the problem is constrcted. Then, in a bounded domain, a finite analytic solution with error bounds is provided. Given an admissible error ϵ we give the number of terms to be taken in the infinite series exact solution so that the approximation error be smaller than in the bounded domain.