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Atmospheric pressure microplasma is a simple, cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly procedure, which is superior to the traditional nanomaterials synthesis techniques. It generates high yields and allows for a controlled growth rate and morphology of nanomaterials. The silver (Ag) nanomaterials, with their unique physical and chemical properties, exhibit outstanding antibacterial and antifungal properties. Similarly, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials, known for their low toxicity and relatively lower cost, find wide applications in wound repair, bone healing, and antibacterial and anticancer applications. The use of core–shell nanomaterials in certain situations where some nanoparticles can cause serious harm to host tissues or organs is a testament to their potential. A benign material is coated over the core to reduce toxicity in these cases. This review compares the numerous configurations of microplasma systems used for synthesizing nanomaterials and their use in producing Ag, ZnO, and their core–shell (Ag-ZnO) nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The summary also includes the effect of control parameters, including cathode diameter, gas flow rate, precursor concentration, voltage, and current, on the nanomaterial’s characteristics and applications. In addition, it provides a research gap in the synthesis of Ag, ZnO, and core–shell nanomaterials by this technique, as well as the development and limitations of this technique and the use of these nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

A next-generation electrical power system known as the "Smart Grid" (SG) uses two-way communication to generate, use, and transport electrical energy. Demand Response (DR) is one of the SG's primary features (DR). Smart meters in DR transmit a pricing signal to the consumer, allowing them to adjust their demand in reaction to the corresponding price signals. Day-Ahead and Time-of-Use are the most widely used load scheduling schemes, however, they deviate from the Real time pricing scheme (RTP). Due to its erratic nature, integrating renewable energy sources like solar and wind is a difficult process in SG. Because of the fluctuations in both energy consumption patterns and power rates, the majority of current methods for managing demand are predicated either on day-ahead or time-of-use pricing rather than real-time pricing. This study describes a load scheduling system that uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to classify various users according to their energy use in a real-time pricing environment. Our load scheduling problem is formulated utilizing the knapsack mathematical formulation technique to reduce the electricity expenditure. In order to keep the grid stable and reduce costs, renewable energy is integrated with the grid's energy to lower the Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR). The efficiency of the suggested algorithm in terms of electricity cost and PAR reduction is supported by simulation results.

The present study investigates heat transfer characteristics of power law fluid flow and energy transfer in a crown cavity with adjustment of the heated cylinder. The flow distribution is generated by the response of the heated cylinder. Additionally, the enclosure is partially adiabatic and the influence of cold interfaces is also taken. This whole setup generates a partial differential system in its mathematical translation. The numerical simulation is performed for the mathematical formulation by adopting the Galerkin Finite element method. The obtained results are analyzed against pertinent parameters of interest and presented via line graphs and contour maps for better explanation. The findings indicate that the K.E (energy motion) and Nu (Nusselt number) are higher for shear thinning While K.E energy motion) and Nu (Nusselt number) are higher is minimum for shear thickening.

The present article emphasizes on Bioconvection (Cu– Al2O3–TiO2)/H2O modified nanoliquid flow in the crown cavity considering the impact of gyrotactic microorganisms. The bioconvection flow is examined in a crown cavity containing a square obstacle, oxytactic bacteria and occupied by modified nonliquid. In order to simulate the partial differential equation of the model, the finite element method is used. The results of the study are exhibited in the form of streamlines, isothermals and isoconcentrations of oxygen and microorganism. The Kinetic energy, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and density of motile microorganisms are also discussed. It has been noticed that the density of motile microorganisms is enhanced with the effect of the Bioconvection parameter, Lewis and Peclet numbers.

Many significant applications may be acquired in specific nanoparticle shapes as well as size range or size. The shape of nano-sized particles is significant in every field of trace metal detection, for biomolecular assays, molecular labeling and the application of nanotechnology. The nanoparticle's shape effects are very noteworthy on the thermal conductivity of suspension. The main focus of the current study is to elaborate the nanoparticles shape impacts on nanofluid flow in a lid-driven square cavity with a fixed circular obstacle at the center. The top wall of the square cavity is adiabatic and moving. The circular cavity and bottom wall of the cavity is heated, while the remaining walls of the cavity are cold. The diamond-water nanofluid contained three kinds of nanoparticles shape namely Sphere, Column (nonspherical) and Lamina (nonspherical). The flow-modeled phenomena is governed in form of coupled partial differential equations and is tackled with finite element method (FEM). The flow distribution analysis is deliberated in form of streamlines, isothermal contour patterns, velocity distribution, temperature distribution, kinetic energy and Nusselt number. The graphical results indicate that the Lamina (nonspherical) shape nanoparticles have higher performance in (diamond-water) temperature distribution and heat transfer.

Double diffusion natural convection phenomenon has gained significant attention in different fields of life for example geology, oceanography, metallurgy and astrophysics. The present disquisition is to investigate the mathematical analysis of fluid flow in a waver cavity in the presence of heated circular center of the cavity. The mass and heat transfer on MHD Casson fluid flow are the main focus of current study. The circular center of cavity is kept fixed and heated while the right and left walls of the wavy cavity are cold. The Lorentz force is also taken into consideration. The mathematical problem is governed in form of coupled partial differential equations and is solved by using well know finite element method. Flow distribution analysis is discussed in form of streamlines, isotherms and isoconcentration contour patterns. The obtained results are also represented in the form of kinetic energy, local heat, and mass fluxes. It is noted that under the increasing effect of the Casson parameter rate of heat transfer increase while the rate of mass transfer decrease.

Pure subdural hematoma with subarachnoid haemorrhage brought about by ruptured intracranial aneurysm is uncommon and is related to delayed analysis and treatment. We present an uncommon instance of spontaneous subdural hematoma because of intracranial aneurysmal rupture. Case description: A 26-year-old female presented with sudden onset of thunderclap headache at midnight followed by an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure and loss of consciousness. There was no associated history of trauma. Computed tomography showed convexity subdural hematoma extending into tentorium without subarachnoid haemorrhage. The catheter angiography revealed a distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm at the anterior internal frontal artery. Consequently, this aneurysm was embolized with squid with no residual filling. The patient was neurologically intact and was discharged on the third post-procedure day with left partial third nerve palsy. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates characteristics, diagnostics, and treatment modalities of this rare condition of intracranial aneurysmal rupture associated with subdural hematoma along with the literature review.

This study reflects the behaviorof nanoparticles shape on (Ag-TiO2)/water hybrid nanofluid flow toward the horizontal permeable stretching shrinking cylinder. The effect of suction and injection parameters is also considered. Three different shapes (sphere, blade, and lamina) of Ag and TiO2 are used in this study. The boundarylayer equations of the problem are transformed to a setof non-linearODEs and the analytical solution of these non-linear ODEsis conducted. Thehomotopyanalysis method (HAM) is applied to findthe analytical resultsof the problem. The obtained results are also compared with the already published article by Sandeep et al.Spectacular characteristics of hybrid nanofluid flow quantities are carried out with a special focus on velocityf'η profile, temperature θηprofileand Nusselt numberNu. With the impact of pertinent parameters, the temperature and Nusselt number profiles show that the sphereshape nanoparticles have better temperature disturbance and heat transfer on hybrid nanofluid flow.

Aim of studyThe shape effects of nanoparticles are very significant in fluid flow and heat transfer. In this paper, we discuss the effects of nanoparticles shape in nanofluid flow between divergent-convergent channels theoretically. In this present study, various shapes of nanoparticles, namely sphere, column and lamina in zinc oxide-water nanofluid are used. The effect of the magnetic field and joule dissipation are also considered.Research methodologyThe system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into ordinary differential equations (ODES). The analytical solutions are successfully obtained and compared with numerical solutions. The Homotopy perturbation method and NDsolve method are used to compare analytical and numerical results respectively.ConclusionThe results show that the lamina shape nanoparticles have higher performance in temperature disturbance and rate of heat transfer as compared to other shapes of nanoparticles.

The aim of this numerical research is to study the stagnation point flow of the electrical magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid with slip conditions past a stretching sheet. The phenomenon of linear thermal radiation, Ohmic and internal heating, has also been considered in the energy equation. The modelled PDEs are converted into ODEs via similarity transformation, and converted ODEs are tackled via the shooting technique. The features of assorted parameters on the axial and angular velocities and energy and concentration fields are sketched. The numerical values of the Sherwood and Nusselt numbers have been computed numerically and displayed in the form of tables. Our analysis shows that the heat transfer rate is decreased as the thermal slip parameter and the diffusion slip parameter are enhanced. The present study illustrates that the energy and concentration distribution are decreased with each of the mass free convection parameter, stagnation parameter, and thermal free convection parameter.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the (Au-Cu)/Water and (Au-Cu)/Ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluids flow and heat transfer through a linear stretching porous plate with the effects of thermal radiation, ohmic heating, and viscous dissipation. Similarity transformations technique is used to transform a governing system of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The NDSolve Mathematica program is used to solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, the results are compared with the results of homotopy analysis method. The impacts of relevant physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and the Nusselt number are represented in graphical form. The key points indicate that the temperature of (Au-Cu)/water and (Au-Cu)/Ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluids is increased with the effects of Eckert number and magnetic field. The (Au-Cu)/Ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid also has a greater rate of heat transfer than (Au-Cu)/Water hybrid nanofluid.

Magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid technologies are emerging in several areas including pharmacology, medicine and lubrication (smart tribology). The present study discusses the heat transfer and entropy generation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Ag-water nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with the effect of nanoparticles shape. Three different geometries of nanoparticles—sphere, blade and lamina—are considered. The problem is modeled in the form of momentum, energy and entropy equations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to find the analytical solution of momentum, energy and entropy equations. The variations of velocity profile, temperature profile, Nusselt number and entropy generation with the influences of physical parameters are discussed in graphical form. The results show that the performance of lamina-shaped nanoparticles is better in temperature distribution, heat transfer and enhancement of the entropy generation.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March–31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March–31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI −24.3% to −20.7%, p