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One considers a group S of subjects and one uses the measured values of EEG waves and the levels of anxiety given by the psychologists for the members of S in order to construct a monotone measure µ. This measure µ is such that the levels of anxiety of the members of S are Choquet integrals with respect to µ. One infers that this is true for any other subject. This inference is validated by comparing the values obtained via the above mentioned method with the results given by the psychologists for another group of subjects S’. We think that this procedure is completely new for the computation of the anxiety degree.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the influence of cookies made from (Musa acuminata cavendish and Cucumis sativus) and self-talk to reduce urine protein levels and blood pressure in women of childbearing age before hypertension. METHODOLOGY: The study was quasi-experimental, using pretests and post-tests from September to November 2023. Random sampling was done using the Slovin formula. Samples were divided into four groups; each group consisted of 30 people. The total sample consisted of 120 people. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, booklets, and cookies. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software with an independent t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: There were differences in urine protein levels between the initial and final measurements. In group one, five respondents had positive urine protein, while 24 had negative urine protein. In group two, four patients had positive urine protein levels, and all of them were negative. In group three, 2 had positive proteins, and 28 had negative proteins. In group four, 2 had positive proteins, and 28 had negative proteins. A p-value of 0.000 indicates the influence of Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus cookies and the self-talk module on protein levels. CONCLUSION: Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus cookies and the Self Talk booklet for prehypertensive mothers in Kendari City for 12 weeks can effectively reduce blood pressure and urine protein levels.

Abstract Background In oncology, the suffering of patients and the burnout of health professionals are key issues. Mindfulness meditation is a holistic approach that can help to improve well-being. While numerous studies have shown the benefits of meditation for both patients and health professionals, the added value of offering shared meditation to groups of patients, health professionals and third persons has not been assessed. Beyond strengthening the relationship between carers and patients, opening up meditation sessions to third parties (neither carers nor patients) enables patients to escape the stigma of their illness. We previously conducted a pilot study that validated the feasibility and the relevance of shared meditation with a specifically designed programme. Methods/Design IMPLIC-2 is a two-arm randomised study designed to assess the added value of this meditation programme (optimised following the pilot study), particularly for cancer patients (our target population). People motivated to follow the programme, without previous regular practice of meditation and able to participate in the sessions are eligible. The study will include 96 participants: 16 health professionals, 16 third persons and 64 patients. The latter will be randomized in two arms: the experimental arm (“Shared” meditation) consisting of 4 mixed groups of 8 patients, 4 health professionals and 4 third parties, and the control arm (“Patient” meditation) consisting of 2 groups of 16 patients. Validated questionnaires will be used to measure the effects of the programme, notably in terms of quality of life, perceived stress, feelings of self-efficacy, qualities of mindfulness and self-compassion, and carers’ burn-out. Participants' perception of a change in their quality of life and satisfaction will be measured at the end of the programme. A complementary qualitative focus-group approach will be used to optimise implementation of the programme beyond the study. Discussion The well-being of oncology patients would be improved. Dealing with overworked carers would have a beneficial impact on the way they interact with patients. In addition, encounters between the three types of population will allow otherness to be viewed differently and alleviate suffering by promoting collective humanity. Trial Registration NCT06041607, registered: 09/18/2023. Protocol version Version n°1.2 dated from 08/29/2023.

Controlled/slow-release fertilizers (CSRF) continue to be developed because of the need to increase agricultural productivity and reduce the economic, social, and environmental impacts of conventional fertilizers leaching into nature. Additionally, the use of biodegradable polymers as CSRF materials continues to be a priority in CSRF development. Therefore, this review synthesizes the current research on lignin- and polysaccharide-based CSRFs and emphasize their compatibility and performance in agricultural applications. Lignin, an abundant and renewable biopolymer, was evaluated for its effectiveness as a slow-release agent in CSRF. Studies have demonstrated the potential of lignin to improve nutrient release profiles and environmental sustainability when used alone or in combination with other polymers. Polysaccharides, which are known for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, have also been explored. The incorporation of lignin into polysaccharide-based CSRFs has been highlighted, particularly in starch, cellulose, chitosan, and sodium alginate matrices. These composites offer improved mechanical properties, controlled nutrient release, and enhanced soil water retention. The challenges and future directions regarding lignin- and polysaccharide-based CSRF are also reviewed. These findings underscore the importance of developing sustainable fertilizer technologies to meet future food demands while mitigating environmental impacts.

This study was conducted to examine the implementation of online learning in distance education utilizing the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, as introduced by Garrison. The CoI framework consists of three core elements essential in implementing online learning: social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. These components are crucial for the success of online learning modalities. This is due to the nature of online learning, where instructors and learners are not present at the exact location or time, necessitating a 'binding element' in the educational process to ensure effective management of learning activities. Consequently, this research involved distributing questionnaires to 317 participants enrolled in online courses at Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. The results obtained from this study were classified as high, indicating that all three CoI elements achieved high ratings. Specifically, the aspect of cognitive presence was dominated by resolution capabilities. In social presence, the open communication capacity scored higher than the affective and cohesive components. Meanwhile, facilitating discourse was rated higher in the teaching presence domain than instructional design, organization, and direct instruction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that learning across these three aspects is considerably high in the students' online learning experiences. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembelajaran daring pada pembelajaran jarak jauh melalui pendekatan Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework yang diperkenalkan oleh Garrison. CoI memiliki tiga unsur yang menjadi perhatian dalam implementasi pembelajaran daring, yaitu social presence, cognitive presence, dan teaching presence. Ketiga unsur ini menjadi komponen penting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran yang bersifat daring. Mengapa demikian? Karena pembelajaran daring adalah pembelajaran dimana antara pengajar dan peserta tidak berada pada tempat dan waktu yang bersamaan. Sehingga jika tidak ada “pengikat” dalam proses pembelajaran tersebut akan sulit untuk mengontrol pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 317 peserta yang mengikuti perkuliahan pembelajaran daring di Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga unsur CoI berada pada kategori tinggi, sspek cognitive presence didominasi oleh kemampuan resolution. Pada aspek social presence kemampuan open communication tinggi dibandingkan affective dan cohesive. Sedangkan pada aspek teaching presence facilitating discourse memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan instructional design and organization dan direct instruction. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kehadiran pembelajaran dari ketiga aspek tersebut cukup tinggi dalam pembelajaran daring yang dialami oleh siswa. Kata Kunci: community of Inquiry; evaluasi pengalaman belajar mahasiswa; pembelajaran daring

This paper examines the potential of nighttime light (NTL) data as an alternative data source to predict the number of money laundering events. The study is based on the assumption that money laundering as one of financial crime categories is linked to economic development, and previous research has explored the relationship between NTL and both economic data and crime. Panel regression analysis with random effects was used to investigate the potential of NTL data to estimate money laundering activity, which was measured using Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) data as a proxy variable. The results suggest that NTL data can be a promising tool for estimating money laundering activity, providing new insights into the use of alternative data sources in predicting this illegal activity. The findings of this research could also contribute to the development of more effective anti-money laundering strategies by law enforcement and policymakers.

Abstract Background One of the downsides of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is stent failure which could be related to stent underexpansion. Hence, PCI based on an accurate coronary artery size obtained from intracoronary imaging is tremendously important. Until now, there is no data about all coronary artery dimensions in the Southeast Asian population performed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The coronary artery size of 153 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in acute or chronic settings who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with IVUS was examined. The mean artery size and its predictors were analyzed. Results There were 153 patients with 633 coronary artery segments: the mean left main (LM) external elastic membrane (EEM) diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) were 5.02 ± 0.43 mm and 19.93 ± 3.48 mm2, proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) 4.25 ± 0.42 mm and 14.34 ± 2.85 mm2, the mid-LAD 3.86 ± 0.39 mm and 11.70 ± 2.24 mm2, the distal LAD 3.32 (2.83–4.30) mm and 8.77(6.23–14.99) mm2, the proximal left circumflex artery (LCX) 3.91 ± 0.42 mm and 12.07 ± 2.53 mm2, the distal LCX 3.51 ± 0.47 mm and 9.90 (5.09–14.20) mm2, the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) 4.50 ± 0.48 mm and 16.14 ± 3.43 mm2, the mid-RCA 4.16 ± 0.420 mm and 13.74 ± 2.72 mm2, the distal RCA 3.81 ± 0.41 mm and 11.59 ± 2.46 mm2, respectively. Body surface area (BSA) is an independent predictor for the majority of epicardial coronary arteries with a positive linear relationship. Conclusions The mean artery size of the Indonesian population was comparable with previous studies. The knowledge of coronary artery size will help the clinician to have a reference for intervention, especially when no intravascular imaging is available.

This service activity aims to improve women's life skills in processing the potential of the village, namely watermelon into an agribusiness product that has a high economic selling value. The method of implementing this service uses training with target partners, namely housewives, and women of productive age in Gapura village, Central Lombok Regency, NTB. The results of this service show that this activity could improve the ability and skills of the people of Gapura Village to process watermelon into products with more selling value, namely watermelon peel and jelly candy. In addition, this activity could increase the knowledge of Gapura Village women to process agricultural products based on agribusiness. Based on the results of the evaluation, most of the partners responded that this training was very useful in improving life skills by obtaining a percentage of 55%.

The implementation of a management system has increasingly become a necessity for organizations, one of the main purposes being to establish actions to achieve quality objectives. Currently there are many management systems but for a manufacturer of welded structures, in addition to the quality management system according to EN ISO 9001:2015 it is recommended to implement EN ISO 3834-2:2021 “Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials. Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements” The paper presents applied research on the assessment of the management system of a welded structure manufacturing organisation by conducting two internal audits at 7-month intervals as well as the analysis of the evolution of the management system after the implementation of corrective measures established after the first audit performed.

Songs, regarded as a form of musical expression, consistently mirror societal culture. This research aims to unveil and analyze the song tegalan, which serves as a portrayal of Tegal’s cultural identity. The research employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data collection for this study involved scrutinizing tegalan songs, particularly their lyrical content, with the purpose of comprehending the themes depicting the unique identity of the Tegal community. In addition to observation, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with three notable tegalan song artists. A literature review was also undertaken to corroborate the research findings. The collected data was then distilled to extract information pertinent to the research theme, which was subsequently presented based on the interpretation of Tegal’s cultural identity and then conclusively analyzed. The research findings indicate that within the lyrics of tegalan songs, four cultural identities are discernible: (1) the utilization of colloquial Javanese infused with the “ngapak” dialect; (2) the characteristic of spontaneous and sincere communication reflective of the Tegal community’s culture; (3) the identity of coastal communities, which tend to exhibit straightforwardness; and (4) the diverse range of typical Tegal delicacies such as “sega ponggol”, tea with palm sugar (“teh poci gula batu”), among others. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that tegalan songs, in terms of their lyrical content, epitomize the linguistic culture of the Tegal community in both structure and communicative patterns. Moreover, in terms of messaging, these songs convey insights into the identity and distinctive attributes of the Tegal community..

This paper investigates key sectors that can drive sustainable development. Generally, obtaining sustainable development in identifying key sectors for development based on their output multiplier and CO2 emission elasticity. However, one aspect that forgotten is social inclusivity. The present paper has identified seven key sectors with high output multipliers, low CO2 emissions, and try to simulate the potential impact on income distribution. By simulating investment shocks in these sectors, the present authors try to assess their impact on inclusivity, emphasizing the importance of balancing economic growth, environmental protection, and income distribution that meaning social justice within the sustainable development framework. While prioritizing green economy sectors as key drivers can be beneficial, however, there is potential negative impacts on income distribution. Hence, it is recommended that the policy drives green economy sectors by promoting sustainable growth, resource use efficiency, and social inclusivity. This aligns with the core principles of a green economy, ensuring a future that is prosperous, equitable, and environmentally sound.

Literacy entrepreneurship is a field of entrepreneurship that focuses on developing language and literature-based products and services to strengthen literacy culture in society. The role of higher education is very important in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of literacy. Research shows that many students still face challenges in developing literacy-based businesses, such as a lack of knowledge about business management, unsupportive attitudes, and inadequate practical skills. Therefore, it is important to explore the level of entrepreneurial literacy knowledge, attitudes and skills among college students in order to design effective educational programs. Entrepreneurship education in higher education does not only focus on opening a business, but also on forming character, mindset and entrepreneurial behavior. This research aims to fill this gap by analyzing the level of knowledge, attitudes and literacy entrepreneurial skills of students, as well as providing recommendations for developing a more effective and comprehensive literacy entrepreneurship education curriculum. It is hoped that the research results can be used by higher education institutions to design programs that are more suited to student needs and support the development of literacy entrepreneurship education programs

Bogor is a city in Indonesia that has a variety of potential scientific tourism objects, such as historical buildings, educational institutions, and research institutions. Although its existence is always needed by various parties as a reference for learning, the object has not been managed optimally in a system that is integrated, so it does not have a significant impact on tourism activities in Bogor City. This research aims to analyze what variables influence tourism planning and the pattern of relationships between actors to build a sustainability strategy for scientific tourism in Bogor City. This research was conducted using the Micmac and Mactor methods. The results showed six important variables to develop sustainable scientific tourism in Bogor City, i.e. infrastructure, tourism resources, promotion, investment, regulation, and policy, then research and education institutions. Meanwhile, the Government, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Regional Council are important institutions/actors in the development of sustainable scientific tourism. This research has provided an overview of the key variables and actor roles that are most influential on the success of this tourism development in the future and provides a basis for policymakers to make it a priority to develop a scientific tourism development strategy in Bogor City.

Berdasarkan observasi, terdapat satu tempat di Dieng bernama Gangsiran Aswatama. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mendeskripsikan kompleksitas ide dalam cerita rakyat Gangsiran Aswatama. Jenis penelitian kualitatif metode studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian di Dataran Tinggi Dieng Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Data penelitian berupa cerita rakyat Gangsiran Aswatama dan dokumen perpustakaan Banjarnegara. Sumber data penelitian ini tetua, kepala desa, ketua kelompok sadar wisata, juga warga umum Dataran Tinggi Dieng. Teknik pengumpulan data teknik wawancara mendalam seacara berulang dan dokumentasi audio. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan metode bertujuan dan snowball sampling.Validitas triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teori. Teknik analisis interaktif. Kompleksitas ide cerita rakyat Gangsiran Aswatama merepresentasikan sejarah Dataran Tinggi Dieng terkait sistem religi sebelum islam datang, adat menjaga bayi yang dijalankan berpedoman pada cerita leluhur, hubungan manusia yang bersifat vertikal, hasrat untuk menguasai alam, serta anggapan nilai luhur terhadap karya manusia.

This article explores the dynamic interplay between tradition and modernity in preserving Wayang Kulit Kedu, an important Indonesian cultural heritage art performance. It identifies the diminishing engagement of the younger generations with traditional arts as a critical issue. The objective was to assess strategies for revitalizing youth interest in Wayang Kulit Kedu. This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze historical data, contemporary practices, and educational initiatives. This conclusion underscores the importance of integrating Wayang Kulit Kedu into educational curricula, leveraging digital platforms for broader dissemination, and fostering community-based preservation efforts. These strategies are essential for ensuring the survival and relevance of the art form in modern society, highlighting its unique cultural value, and fostering a sustainable connection with future generations.

Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum spp.) in chili can lead to low fruit quantity and quality from planting to the postharvest stage. The environmentally friendly management using chitosan (CS) is expected to suppress anthracnose disease and increase the shelf-life of chili. This study aimed to determine the effect of the chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) to suppress anthracnose on chili during postharvest storage through in-vitro and in-vivo assays. In the in-vitro assay, CS-TPP solution with a ratio of [5:2] and [3:1] was applied into a warm Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. It was grown by Colletotrichum pathogen, while on in vivo assay, CS-TPP was applied to chili fruit before being inoculated by the pathogen. A control treatment was prepared without CS-TPP application. Results revealed that the CS-TPP ratios affected the growth of Colletotrichum spp. at the in-vitro assay. The CS-TPP [5:2] ratio was more effective than CS-TPP [3:1] in reducing the growth of Colletotrichum spp. with the fungal inhibition of 62,65% and 55,56%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Moreover, it also showed anthracnose disease suppression on chili fruit of 51%, and 29%, respectively, compared to control treatment at in-vivo assay. This study showed the potential use of CS-TPP as a coating application for anthracnose disease management on storage chili, however further study such as viability and longevity of formula need to be done.

Lokasi kota Solok, Sumatera Barat sangat strategis, karena terletak pada persimpangan perlintasan antar propinsi dan antar jalan kabupaten/kota. Karenanya terjadi pertumbuhan pergerakan yang selalu meningkat. Jalan Ahmad Yani dan Bypass Kampai tabu Kerambia (Ktk) yang merupakan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan kondisi lingkungannya memerlukan manajemen pembatasan kecepatan kendaraan. Metodologi pengumpulan data volume dan kecepatan setempat kendaraan dengan perekaman video. Pengolahan data secara deskriptif statistik. Analisa distribusi kecepatan kendaraan untuk Jalan Ahmad Yani dan Jalan Bypass Ktk menunjukkan sepeda motor dan kendaraan ringan melaju dengan kecepatan 50-60 km/jam dimana hal ini melebihi batas kecepatan yang ditetapkan sebesar 50 km/jam. Dari analisa mean dan standar deviasi kecepatan kendaraan berkisar 43-60 km/jam untuk sepeda motor dan kendaraan ringan sedangkan kecepatan kendaraan berat 9-33 km/jam. Jalan Ahmad Yani dan Bypass Ktk memerlukan manajemen kecepatan lalu lintas berupa pembatasan kecepatan kendaraan yaitu rambu larangan batas kecepatan 50 km/jam. Diperlukan juga pemasangan kamera pemantau kecepatan untuk pemberian sanksi/denda.

Honey is a natural substance from flower nectar and produced by honey bees. The honey has been used as healing. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of Blora and Kaliandra honey against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). As a comparison, was used commercial honey. The results showed Blora and Kaliandra honey had antibacterial activity, however the commercial honey has not antibacterial activity. Kaliandra honey has antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 better than Blora and commercial honey. Concentration 25% of Kaliandra honey was able to inhibit S. aureus, while blora honey showed antibacterial activity at 50% and commercial honey did not show antibacterial activity until concentration 50%. Inhibition zone of S. aureus produced by Kaliandra honey with concentration 25 and 50% were 8.0 ± 0.1 mm and 9.0 ± 0.2 mm respectively and concentration 50% Blora honey was 7.3 ± 0.1 mm. Inhibition zone of E. coli O157:H7 produced by concentration 50% Kaliandra honey was 8.0 ± 0.3 mm and Blora honey was 7.7 ± 0.1 mm. The study showed that Blora and Kaliandra honey have antibacterial activity and can be used as alternative substitution in antibiotic therapy.

Indonesia’s 120.5-million-hectare forest area shrinks due to deforestation, mainly community cultivation. Forest Land Redistribution (FLR) via programs like Social Forestry, TORA, KHDPK, Food Estate, and infrastructure development attempts to address this issue but conflicts with climate change and biodiversity goals. This review analyses the urgency of FLR for non-forestry and proposes balanced policy recommendations for economic development and environmental preservation. Implementing FLR in Indonesia is crucial for national programs like SF, TORA, FE, and infrastructure development, impacting biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. It should follow three key principles: regional strategies for sustainability, a mitigation hierarchy to prevent biodiversity damage, and enhancing biodiversity hotspots to connect fragmented forests, fostering wildlife movement and genetic diversity for resilient ecosystems.

Sari kacang kedelai merupakan cairan berwarna putih seperti susu hasil ekstraksi sari kacang kedelai. Bau langu yang dihasilkan oleh sari kacang kedelai membuat sebagian orang tidak menyukai sari kacang kedelai. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi bau langu adalah dengan cara fermentasi. Yoghurt sari kacang kedelai dengan penambahan pasta hidrolisat ubi jalar ungu dapat menambah daya prebiotik yang mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui profil yogurt sari kacang kedelai dengan penambahan pasta ubi jalar ungu yang dihidrolisis secara enzimatis. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 6 taraf perlakuan dengan penambahan pasta ubi jalar ungu (0%; 2%; 4%; 6%; 8%; dan 10%). Faktor yang digunakan merupakan penambahan pasta hidrolisat ubi jalar ungu Ayamurasaki. Analisis karakteristik produk yogurt meliputi uji pH, total asam laktat, total bakteri asam laktat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein dan kadar lemak serta uji organoleptik meliputi uji hedonik dan mutu sensori. Analisis data menggunakan Anova dengan uji lanjut Duncan dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yogurt dengan penambahan 6% pasta ubi jalar mempuyai karakter kimia untuk pH 4,03 – 4,33; total asam laktat 0,66 – 0,85%; total bakteri asam laktat 3,57×108 – 3,22 ×109 koloni/ mL; kadar air 86,18 – 86,74%; kadar abu 0,54 – 0,66%; kadar protein 3,46-3,59%; kadar lemak 2,11-2,18%.

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy, a prevalent childhood physical disability, exhibits complex multifactorial causes. This case-control study explores the role of parental age in cerebral palsy risk and associated patterns. Methods A case-control study comparing children with cerebral palsy at ages 3 months to 3 years with age-matched healthy control subjects was conducted between January 2022 and August 2023 at Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Cases were recruited from the pediatric physiotherapy outpatient clinic, while controls were selected from pediatric and children emergency wards. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Risk factors were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. Results We studied 134 subjects with cerebral palsy and 134 age-matched control subjects. Significant risk factors for cerebral palsy included the maternal age 35–39 years (odds ratio 2.16, P < 0.005), maternal age ≥ 40 years (odds ratio 3.83, P < 0.005), paternal age 41–45 (odds ratio 2.00, P < 0.05), paternal age ≥ 46 (odds ratio 6.80, P < 0.05), primiparous (odds ratio 2.2, P < 0.05), paternal low income (odds ratio 2.49, P < 0.05), paternal primary education (odds ratio 24.61, P < 0.05), and maternal primary education (odds ratio 2.39, P < 0.05). Conclusions This research contributes to our understanding of parental age as risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in children. The results also underscore the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors, especially father’s level of income, maternal parity, and parental education. These findings can guide future research and public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cerebral palsy.

Abstrak Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate adalah tahap model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, untuk enghasilkan satu paket perangkat pembelajaran yang menggunakan sintak pembelejaran model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi bentuk aljabar. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk membantu/memfasilitasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis (KPMM) peserta didik. Kemampuan ini sangat penting untuk peserta didik, namun sudah terdapat banyak studi literatur yang memberikan hasil bahwa KPMM peserta didik Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan. Pengembangan perangkat yang sesuai, merupakan satu dari berbagai macam upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan tersebut, dengan catatan pengembangan harus sesuai dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan pengalaman peserta didik, serta kurikulum yang berlaku saat ini. PBL merupakan satu dari tiga model pembelajaran rekomendasi Kurikulum 2013. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan divalidasi dan direvisi, serta dilihat nilai kepraktisan produk melalui uji coba kelompok kecil maupun besar. Hasil validasi menunjukkan penelitian ini telah menghasilkan produk yang sangat valid dengan nilai validasi berturut-urut 3,7 untuk silabus, RPP 3,6 dan 3,6 untuk LKS. Setelahnya, nilai praktikalitas uji kelompok kecil dan besar mendapatkan rata-rata yakni 3,5 dalam kategori sangat praktis. Produk pembelajaran yang dikembangkan divalidasi dan direvisi melalui uji coba kelompok kecil dan besar, telah menghasilkan produk yang sangat valid dan layak yang dapat dijadikan referensi untuk guru dalam mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran untuk melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas. Abstract Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate were the stages of the development model used in this research to produce a learning package using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model of learning syntax for algebraic forms. The research aimed to facilitate the Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (MPSA) of students. This ability is essential for students, but there have been many literature studies that have shown that Indonesian students' MPSA needs to be improved. Developing appropriate tools is one of the many efforts to improve this ability, with the note that the development must be in accordance with the students' level of knowledge and experience, as well as the current curriculum. PBL is one of three recommended learning models in the 2013 Curriculum. The developed learning tool was validated, revised, and its practicality was evaluated through small and large group trials. The validation results showed that this research had produced a highly valid product with validation values of 3.7 for the syllabus, 3.6 for the lesson plan, and 3.6 for the student worksheets. Subsequently, the practicality values obtained from the small and large group trials had an average of 3.5, categorized as highly practical. The developed learning product, which was validated, revised through small and large group trials, had produced a highly valid and suitable product that can be used as a reference for teachers in developing learning tools for classroom teaching and learning activities.

Pati lebih mudah dikonversi menjadi gula sederhana dan difermentasi menjadi etanol. Untuk meningkatkan produktifitas etanol dikembangkan metode fermentasi gravitasi tinggi. Pohon sagu merupakan tanaman penghasil pati yang tidak berkompetisi dengan tanaman pangan, namun pengolahan secara konvensional berdampak negatif pada lingkungan. Alternatif teknologi pengolahan sagu untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan adalah fraksinasi kering, dan karakteristik produknya cocok digunakan sebagai bahan baku etanol. Analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering untuk pengolahan empulur sagu dan pemanfaatan produk untuk etanol belum pernah dipublikasikan, maka analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering dilakukan berdasarkan perbedaan bagian batang secara vertikal dan penentuan kondisi optimum proses produksi etanol menggunakan tepung kaya pati sagu. Rendeman, efisiensi pemisahan pati, peningkatan kadar pati dan perpindahan pati merupakan variabel pengamatan yang digunakan pada analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering. Tepung kaya pati dari hasil fraksinasi kering dari masing-masing kelompok bagian batang dicampur dengan komposisi yang seragam dan digunakan sebagai media fermentasi. Rancangan percobaan one factor at a time (OFAT) digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel pengujian pada response yang optimal, dan dilakukan verifikasi pengujian. Distribusi ukuran granula pati, kandungan pati dan karakteristik serat parenkima dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas fraksinasi kering empulur sagu. Produktifitas etanol menunjukkan hasil yang optimum pada suhu liquifikasi 80oC selama 60 menit, menggunakan metoda sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan (SSF), pada kondisi gravitasi tinggi dengan menggunakan yeast berflokukasi mandiri. Penerapan teknologi fraksinasi kering untuk mendapatkan bahan baku etanol dari pohon sagu berpotensi meningkatkan nilai tambah budi daya tanaman sagu dan nilai ekonomi etanol agar lebih kompetitif.

This study aims to explore in more depth the potential values of character education contained in the traditional art of "Peresean" of the Sasak tribe in Lombok, with a focus on the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research approach used is qualitative research with ethnography methods. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study are traditional leaders, community leaders and religious leaders in 6 traditional villages on Lombok Island. Data analysis using an interactive analysis model which consists of three activity flows that occur simultaneously, namely through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that the values of character education obtained from the competition were; 1) independence, 2) Faithful, fearful of God Almighty, and noble character, 3) Critical reasoning, 4) Mutual assistance, 5) Global diversity, and 6) Creativity. While the values of character education formed in awiq-awiq peresean are: 1) Independent, 2) Faith, fear of God Almighty, and noble morals, and 3) Critical reasoning.

EcGUS has drawn considerable attention for its role as a target in alleviating serious GIAEs. In this study, a series of 72 (thio)urea derivatives were designed, synthesised, and biologically assayed. The bioassay results revealed that E-9 (IC50 = 2.68 μM) exhibited a promising inhibitory effect on EcGUS, surpassing EcGUS inhibitor D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL, IC50 = 45.8 μM). Additionally, the inhibitory kinetic study indicated that E-9 (Ki = 1.64 μM) acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor against EcGUS. The structure-activity relationship revealed that introducing an electron-withdrawing group into the benzene ring at the para-position is beneficial for enhancing inhibitory activity against EcGUS. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis indicated that E-9 has a strong affinity to EcGUS by forming interactions with residues Asp 163, Tyr 472, and Glu 504. Overall, these results suggested that E-9 could be a potent EcGUS inhibitor, providing valuable insights and guidelines for the development of future inhibitors targeting EcGUS.

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is affecting family members of all age groups in tourism villages in the Yogyakarta Special Region (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta – DI Yogyakarta), Indonesia, due to the interruption of tourism activities. This study used a qualitative approach to adapt the theoretical framework of the Family Resilience Model (FRM) by exploring and comprehending the mechanisms through which families with elderly members, navigated the challenges. The result showed that the elderly provided some services to tourists and donated assets during the pandemic to support the family economy. The socio-cultural values of society and respect for the role of the elderly also contributed to the survival of the families. Moreover, the study contributed to understanding the maintenance of family resilience during the pandemic. This could be a lesson to develop assistance programs for the community and the elderly in using their potential.

Background: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods have been acknowledged as important tools to involve members of the community in the process of identification of their problems, the factors contributing to the development of these problems, and ways by which these problems can be resolved. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study will be conducted in two stages among first professional phase medical students. In the first stage, these students will be trained on PRA methods by the trained teachers, while in the second stage, these students will implement PRA methods in the local community. The entire training process and its different components will be evaluated using validated study tools (semi-structured questionnaire), which will be administered using Google Forms. The statistical analysis will be performed using frequency and percentages, and a paired t-test will be used to compare the change in knowledge before and after training. Conclusion: In conclusion, first professional phase medical students must be trained in PRA methods and subsequently supervised to monitor their change in behavior. However, as the success of the entire program will depend on the quality of training imparted to medical students, the training program must be evaluated from the perspective of students, community, and teachers.

Abstract Data assimilation (DA) plays a pivotal role in diverse applications, ranging from weather forecasting to trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles. A prime example is the widely used ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), which relies on the Kalman filter's linear update equation to correct each of the ensemble forecast member's state with incoming observations. Recent advancements have witnessed the emergence of deep learning approaches in this domain, primarily within a supervised learning framework. However, the adaptability of such models to untrained scenarios remains a challenge. In this study, we introduce a new DA strategy that utilizes reinforcement learning (RL) to apply state corrections using full or partial observations of the state variables. Our investigation focuses on demonstrating this approach to the chaotic Lorenz 63 and 96 systems, where the agent's objective is to maximize the geometric series with terms that are proportional to the negative root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) between the observations and corresponding forecast states. Consequently, the agent develops a correction strategy, enhancing model forecasts based on available observations. Our strategy employs a stochastic action policy, enabling a Monte Carlo‐based DA framework that relies on randomly sampling the policy to generate an ensemble of assimilated realizations. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed RL algorithm performs favorably when compared to the EnKF. Additionally, we illustrate the agent's capability to assimilate non‐Gaussian observations, addressing one of the limitations of the EnKF.

Background: Despite its classification as a pressing public health concern, suicide prevention has not garnered the necessary attention in Nigeria. An important step towards achieving this is to identify groups that are at risk. Objective: This study examines the sociodemographic predictors of suicide ideation and attempts among callers of mental health emergency hotlines in Nigeria from March 2022 to September 2023. Methods: The study combines retrospective cohort and cross-sectional research designs. Data were gathered from callers to the emergency hotline system, with information recorded in an Excel spreadsheet and subsequently exported to SPSS for analysis. The analysis involved a chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Findings: Out of the 717 calls received, 512 were connected to mental health care. Out of these mental health-related calls, 43% reported suicide ideation, while 11.7% reported suicide attempts. The chi-square test showed an association between marital status and suicide ideation (χ2 = 9.990; p-value = .007) and between religious affiliation and suicide attempts (χ2 = 7.573; p-value = .006). However, the combination of sociodemographic variables like gender, age, marital status, religious affiliation, employment status and region of residence showed that age and marital status were predictors of suicide ideation. Specifically, those aged between 20 – 29 years (AOR = .530, p = .047), 30 – 39 (AOR = .036, p = .036) and 40 – 49 years (AOR = .391, p = .058) were less likely to think about suicide compared to those aged 19 and below. Compared to single people, those who are separated or divorced are less likely to think about suicide (AOR = .302, p = .001). Predictors of suicide attempts included marital status and religious affiliation. Specifically, those who are married are less likely to have attempted suicide compared to those who are single (AOR = .351, p = .024). Christians are less likely to have attempted suicide compared to those who identify as Muslims (AOR = .421, p = .004). Conclusion: As authorities grapple with the public health challenge of suicide, this research calls for targeted interventions and support mechanisms to address the unique needs of at-risk populations. Unique contribution: This study has offered empirical evidence for understanding the contributing role of sociodemographic factors on suicide ideation and attempts. This information could be useful to health education experts who seek to plan campaigns to control suicide in developing countries like Nigeria. Key recommendations: The study recommends more investment in suicide prevention in Nigeria, especially ones targeting vulnerable groups such as adolescents, singles and those who are unemployed. Furthermore, it suggests suicide prevention interventions should incorporate culturally sensitive spiritual or religious components to enhance their effectiveness.

Business development is carried out to improve quality and competitiveness to obtain more profits. Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats can help Panca Jaya smoked fish business to analyze how business development strategies must be implemented and appropriate because in carrying out this business Panca Jaya experiences ups and downs in this business. The method used is SWOT analysis and SWOT matrix. The results showed that Panca Jaya's smoked fish business was in the type I quadrant, where this position indicated that the smoked fish business was in strong condition and had many opportunities. The right strategy in developing the Panca Jaya smoked fish business is to utilize product quality which can be used as a superior commodity by utilizing abundant raw materials. Sungai Rengit Village, Banyuasin Regency can become one of the largest smoked fish business centers in the province of South Sumatra.

The small and medium industries based on superior commodities potentially developed in Kampar Regency, as of its second-largest share contribution of GDP after the agriculture sector. The problem faced in developing small and medium industries is the diverse and varied nature of these enterprises, both in terms of quantity and scope, which leads to unfocused management of potential commodities and types of businesses. A technopark is one of the alternative strategies to develop small and medium industries based on superior commodities. Determining superior commodities is an initial step in developing small and medium industries through technoparks. The purpose of this study is to identify the superior commodities that will be developed in small and medium industries through technoparks in Kampar Regency, Riau Province. Data collection techniques were conducted through literature studies and expert interviews, using purposive sampling. The determination of commodities was done through LQ and SSA. The data used were horticultural crop production from 2017-2021. The study results indicate that pineapples are a superior commodity due to their extensive distribution in five sub-districts, boasting the largest harvest areas, abundant raw materials, and regional potential with LQ >1 and SSA > 0. The development of small and medium industries based on pineapple as a superior commodity through technopark can create economic value in the Kampar Regency.

Continuity of power supply service in production industries is of crucial importance, given the severity imposed in these sectors. A poor power supply leads to underproduction or degradation of equipment sensitive to electrical variations. A direct consequence of this is loss of earnings for industry. To ensure continuity of service for industrial power supplies, at least one secondary power source must be available. However, the switching system between sources may not be spontaneous due to the presence of electromechanical switches. The solution to this problem is to use electronic converters for control. The aim of this work is to enhance the parameters of an industrial photovoltaic-grid hybrid power supply to ensure uninterrupted power supply and balance between energy supply and demand. The sources are coupled to the DC bus via electronic converters. The photovoltaic system and the inverter are assumed to be unknown, and only the load terminal voltage is accessible and measurable. To address the lack of mathematical model of the system, we propose a mechanism that combines a fuzzy logic (FLC) centred mechanism with a radial basis function (RBF) neural network for the studied case. The FLC self-determines the image of the compensation power to be extracted through the current to the secondary energy source, ensuring continuity of service and balance between supply and demand. The FLC mechanism self-adjust the parameters of the RBF neural network and coordinates the energy at the DC link. The results obtained in the Matlab/Simulink environment are compared with the fuzzy logic and proportional integral (PI) control method. The quality of the results show that the proposed method is excellent compared with FLC and PI control. It improves response time between 24.223% and 82.9% for PI and between 22.292% and 63.694% for FLC. It guarantees an improvement in the mean square error on PI of between 5.865% and 57.994%, and on FLC of between 1.582% and 29.683%. The proposed method guarantees a high rationing coefficient, helping to maintain the balance between supply and demand, ensure continuity of service for the power supply, and improve the accuracy and self-compensation of the energy to be supplied, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Metabolic syndrome is an important indicator in efforts to control non-communicable diseases. The incidence of metabolic syndrome is directly proportional to the incidence of obesity while the prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies based on sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle. Efforts to identify metabolic syndrome in the community are a crucial step to identify early the potential for hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. This study aims to identify components of metabolic syndrome based on gender. Cross sectional study is the research design that underlies data collection on risk factors for metabolic syndrome which is carried out through interviews and measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and cholesterol levels using NCEP-III criteria as the basis for identifying metabolic syndrome. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test. The metabolic syndrome component in the form of obesity is identified in men and women using different indicators. Both men and women have experienced increases in systolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels. A history of smoking was the only risk factor for metabolic syndrome with a statistically significant difference in proportion between men and women. Behavioral modifications such as eating patterns, rest, and others according to the guidance of the Koran and hadith are needed to minimize the incidence of metabolic syndrome.

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap sistem pendidikan dan pembelajaran, yang mengarah pada pembatasan akses pendidikan secara tatap muka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk memahami persepsi orang tua terhadap pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas (PTM) di Desa Jati Wetan, Kudus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan penggunaan angket kepada enam orang tua anak SD. Hasil menunjukkan variasi persepsi terhadap PTM, dari pandangan terbatasnya waktu di sekolah hingga kombinasi pembelajaran di rumah dan di sekolah dengan waktu yang singkat. Orang tua juga menghadapi tantangan, seperti kesulitan mendampingi anak dalam belajar, kendala kuota internet, serta perbedaan kemampuan dalam membimbing anak dalam pelajaran yang sulit. Respon positif juga muncul, di mana orang tua merasa lebih dekat dengan anak dan lebih perhatian dalam keluarga. Angket menunjukkan bahwa orang tua telah aktif mengontrol kegiatan belajar anak selama PTM, membantu menyelesaikan masalah belajar, serta tugas-tugas sekolah. Kesimpulannya, terdapat tantangan yang dihadapi orang tua dalam mendukung PTM, terutama terkait informasi yang diterima, kesulitan dalam mendampingi anak belajar, dan keterbatasan teknologi. Perlu kesadaran lebih tinggi dalam menerima informasi serta upaya yang lebih baik dalam mendukung anak dalam pembelajaran.

This study evaluated the health effects of feeding diets of different feed particle sizes supplemented with multienzyme to broiler chickens. Cobb500 (n = 450) broiler chicks (as hatched) were randomly distributed to nine treatments, with each treatment consisting of five replicates of ten birds. The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial (three feed particle sizes [3, 4, and 5 mm] and three multienzyme supplementations [0, 1, and 2 g/kg]). The blood indices of the chickens were evaluated. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and means were compared using the Tukey Test at a 5 % probability level. The correlation between the growth performance and blood indices was also calculated. Birds fed the 3 mm particle sizes had decreased (p < 0.05) red blood cell (RBC) and lymphocyte counts with increased multienzyme at the starter phase, while the other haematological indicators increased as the multienzyme supplementation increased. Feeding the 4 mm particle size yielded similar (p < 0.05) total protein, triglyceride, and uric acid for all multienzyme inclusions. An increase in the multienzyme inclusion increased (p < 0.05) the RBC of birds fed the 5 mm particles with a decreased (p < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) and eosinophil counts. At the finisher phase, serum albumin increased (p < 0.05) while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased (p < 0.05), with increased multienzyme inclusion in birds fed the diet of 3 mm particles. Birds fed 4 mm particles had increased (p < 0.05) ALP and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with increased multienzyme, while those fed the 5 mm particle size had increased (p < 0.05) albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) as multienzyme supplementation increased. The correlation between growth performance and blood indices showed that feed intake (FI) has a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the blood profile of broiler chickens. The study concluded that other growth performance indicators, except the feed intake, have no impact on the blood profile of broilers. Feed particle sizes impact feed intake in broiler chickens which consequently impacts their blood composition. Therefore, the size of broiler feed particles has an impact on the health and well-being of the birds.

Ultra-low frequency (ULF) geomagnetic analysis is a robust method for earthquake (EQ) forecasting. We conducted a simultaneous study of EQ precursors around the western part of Java Island in 2020 using wavelet transform (WT) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) methods. ULF geomagnetic data (March to December 2020, 16:00–21:00 UTC or 23.00–04.00 LT) from Lampung Selatan (LPS) geomagnetic station were used to assess the precursors. We analyzed four EQs with an epicenter distance (R) of around 100 km from LPS station and a magnitude (M) greater than 5 Mw. We analyzed changes in the SZ/SG values and α values from the WT and DFA analyses against the threshold (µ±2σ) to identify anomalies related to the EQs. The result showed that SZ/SG anomalies occurred simultaneously with a decrease in α values several weeks prior to probable source EQ when there was a very low geomagnetic activity (Dst ≤ -30 nT). The Mw5.4 (07/07/2020) EQ might be the main source that led to the appearance of the precursor since it had the highest magnitude and KLS values compared to others. The combined WT and DFA results showed anomalies 1.5–13 weeks before the Mw5.4 (07/07/2020) EQ. The results suggest that WT and DFA are suitable methods for detecting EQ precursors but more work is needed to link the precursors to specific EQs.

Arumanis mango leaves (Mangifera indica L) and taro leaves (Colocasia esculanta L) are plants that have the potential to be antibacterial and can be used as an alternative to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Arumanis mango leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins, and taro leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds in the form of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, formic acid, glucosides, citric acid, and several minerals. Secondary metabolite compounds that have potential as antibacterials are flavonoids and tannins. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of a combination of methanol extracts of arumanis mango leaves (Mangifera indica L) and taro leaves (Colocasia esculanta L) against Escherichia coli bacteria. The research was carried out starting from the plant determination and preparation of simplisia, extraction, phytochemical screening of extracts and KLT tests, and antibacterial testing using the disc paper method. The concentration series of extract combinations used are 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%. The antibacterial test results of the combination of arumanis mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L) and taro leaf (Colocasia esculanta L), which showed the highest inhibition zone diameter was at a concentration of 6.25% (1:1), a concentration of 12.5% (1:2). At a concentration of 25% (2:1). From the results of this study, a single extract of arumanis mango leaves and taro leaves with a concentration of 6.25%; 12.5%; 25% and a combination of extracts in a ratio of 1:1. 1:2, 2:1, which has potential antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria, so that further research can be carried out by utilizing a combination of arumanis mango leaf extracts and taro leaves and as a source of information and insight into the combination of arumanis mango leaves and taro leaves that have antibacterial properties.

Enhancing rates of school participation holds significant importance for a nation’s educational achievements. This research employs a comprehensive approach that combines various methodologies, including multivariate regression analysis, geographic categorization, and multidimentional visualization, to examine the factors influencing school enrollment in Indonesia. Through the integration of diverse data sources, we investigate the connections among variables such as economic status, school accessibility, educational quality, and societal considerations concerning enrollment rates. This discrete impact of each factor on enrollment variations is analyzed through multivariate regression. Geospatial clustering analysis reveals enrollment trends in different regions, while multidimensional visualization untangles the intricate interplay of influencing factors. This holistic approach facilitates a nuanced comprehension of these dynamics within Indonesia’s varied geographical and society offering guidance in the formulation of more efficient strategies to improve school attendance, tackle enrollment disparities, and advocate for inclusive education based on fundamental determinants.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the single agent causing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), infects 1.8 billion people, or around one-quarter of the world's total population. In Indonesia, there are an estimated 969,000 cases of pulmonary TB, including 443,235 reported cases. Prison is a high transmission site for pulmonary TB. Prison circumstances, such as high occupancy capacity, inadequate ventilation and nutrition, difficulties accessing health care, inadequate treatment, and weak patient immunity, are some of the variables influencing this. Knowledge on the origins, transmission, preventative strategies, and early diagnosis of pulmonary TB infection is essential for the prisoner in order to change attitudes toward pulmonary TB infection. This study used a descriptive approach to generate a description of the prevalence and risk factors for the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Prison of Jember Class IIA. Based on the WHO-recommended screening technique, 4 male prisoners in the Prison of Jember Class IIA (8.5%) tested positive for pulmonary tuberculosis. There are various aspects that are difficult to include into environmental health standards, particularly infectious diseases like pulmonary tuberculosis, such as the density of people in a single cell room and the construction of the building and the services housed inside it. Policymakers must pay attention to the requirement to create appropriate isolation rooms and, at the very least, satisfy room standards for patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis.

Stevia rebaudiana is a high-value crop because of its metabolites, such as steviol glycosides. However, it only produces a few seeds, resulting in low productivity. Therefore, an appropriate propagation method is required to enhance its productivity. This study aimed to assess stevia’s morphological and physiological characteristics upon treatment with three doses of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) [mg/L] through stem-cutting propagation. The cuttings were treated with IAA at 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg/L by dipping them in the IAA solution for 1 minute, then planting in growth media (garden soil, organic compost and coco peat with a ratio of 2:1:1) and keeping them in the greenhouse. The survival percentage, root length and number, plant height, leaf number, total chlorophylls, and stomata length and number were assessed in the 3rd week. The application of 40 mg/L IAA resulted in a significant improvement in all parameters. However, IAA treatment also causes stomata abnormalities. This result suggested that stem cutting and IAA treatment significantly contribute to stevia propagation.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on society, causing significant disruptions to everyday life. Risk communication strategies can play an important role in risk management as they allow individuals to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies appropriately. The aim of this study is to investigate public risk behaviors, perceptions of risk and risk communication, and experiences with COVID-19 to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on our community and to better inform public health decisions about communicating and reducing personal risk. Nine virtual focus groups were conducted with 79 residents of Milwaukee County. Audio transcripts of focus group recordings were qualitatively analyzed using MAXQDA. Predominant themes identified include public risk protective behaviors, the emotional toll associated with lockdown measures, and risk communication. Our findings provide a better understanding of how adults, African American and Hispanic groups in particular, viewed the risk communications and protective behaviors associated with COVID-19, how their lives were impacted by the pandemic, and how to effectively communicate public information about personal risk. These findings can help guide risk communication efforts and public health policy interventions for potential infection outbreaks in the future.

The existing quality of learning media, particularly in teaching multilingual characters of Early Childhood Education, poses a challenge in education. Teachers should possess the skills to continuously innovate in creating instructional materials, including prospective teachers, namely PGSD and PGMI students. This program aims to enhance the skills of PGSD and PGMI students in developing multilingual character education media for children. The primary focus is on using children's songs as an engaging and effective educational tool. Another issue is the need for more skills among students in creating multilingual and character-based instructional media that can captivate children's interest. The ultimate goal is to improve students' skills in creating engaging and effective instructional media, providing benefits to children, and contributing positive knowledge to the general public. As a solution, this program creates a simple arrangement of children's songs with characters in three languages as instructional media for PGSD and PGMI students. In its implementation, students are equipped with the skills to create simple arrangements of children's songs with the hope that this will serve as valuable preparation for creating engaging instructional materials.

This research investigates the dynamic management strategies implemented by Tegalrejo Asrama Perguruan Islam (API) Pesantren, addressing the challenges of modernization and community demands. Utilizing a qualitative field study approach, the focus is on exploring innovative change management models in Islamic boarding schools. The findings reveal that API Tegalrejo Pesantren successfully navigates modernization challenges through innovative practices such as integrating general and religious education, conducting extracurricular programs, instigating character education initiatives, and fostering collaborative partnerships. Following the principles of adjacent and incremental innovation, the institution consistently enhances teaching quality, facilities, and curriculum to meet evolving societal needs. Despite limitations, Islamic boarding schools steadfastly uphold their commitment to nurturing a generation that is intellectually adept, grounded in religious principles, and socially responsible. The research recommends continuous development of educational innovations within Islamic boarding school institutions and suggests future research to explore additional dimensions of their adaptation strategies during the modernization era. This will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes at play in Islamic boarding schools.

Waste cooking oil is one of household waste. Waste cooking oil is usually disposed to the sewers or gardens. Utilization of waste cooking oil is by recycling it into a solid soap product. The production of solid soap from waste cooking oil is a solution to reduce waste. There are various formulas for making soap products from waste cooking oil. In order to utilize waste cooking oil becomes maximal dan useful, it is necessary to select the best formula for further development. The research begins by identifying the soap formula with a simple process. The identification results obtained six soap formulas that can be produced on a household scale. The six soap formulas were then produced and tested according to Indonesia’s national standards (SNI). The method used to select the best formula was Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which involved four partisipants as experts. The result of the decision of the best soap formula is Soap 6. Meanwhile, the three priority attributes for decision-making are soap standard (SNI), cleaning power, and the ability to hold bacteria.

Wasteful consumption of electricity in high-rise building in Indonesia is the primary trigger for the increase in carbon emissions. Predominantly, the excessive use of electrical appliances and air conditioning systems is the principal factor contributing to the use of energy within these structures. To effectively address this issue, the importance lies in adopting suitable building envelope material. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of different insulation types and roof covering in improving the energy-saving performance of office building. There were six proposed renovation for the flat roof of building, consisting of two approaches, namely (1) the incorporation of insulation and (2) the replacement of roof covering layers. Scenarios A1, A2, and A3 have incorporated 100 mm of polyurethane (PU) foam, polyisocyanurate (PI) foam, and fiberglass batt into the design. Meanwhile, Scenarios B1, B2, and B3 opted for ceramic material, Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) membrane, and grass vegetation as roofing material for the existing roof. The results showed that the addition of insulation to roof through Insight 360 and the replacement of roof covering layers produced an energy reduction of 19.5% to 20.2% and 19.5% and 23.5%, respectively. The implementation of green roof in scenario B3 was selected as the most promising renovation option, achieving a remarkable 23.5% reduction in energy consumption.

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District, Jordan, to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this area. Sheep breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District, which is characterized by the large number of sheep and goats. We surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain analysis. From the survey, we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions, namely, input supply, production management, marketing, processing, and consumption. Despite the large number of holdings that gives an impression of the stability to the small ruminant sector, the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this area. The small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change, especially continuous drought. In addition, the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value chain. The results of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal threats. Specifically, the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought, while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure, shortage of inputs, and weakness in the production management and marketing. We proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector, such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather, qualifying farmers’ skills, and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the role of community-based catastrophe insurance (CBCI) as a tool for sustainable economic loss risk mitigation. Utilizing bibliometric analysis and a literature review, this study aims to reveal the methods employed in CBCI schemes from a novel perspective, highlighting their effectiveness in mitigating catastrophe risks. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology was employed to systematically collect and analyze articles sourced from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions databases. The findings provide a comprehensive summary of the CBCI implementation, including various considerations such as risk-sharing mechanisms, premium determination, and policy frameworks. This research offers a fresh perspective on CBCI as a sustainable approach to catastrophe risk mitigation, contributing valuable insights to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in community resilience and disaster risk management.

The construction sector is known for exposing workers to numerous potential hazards, with falls from heights being the leading cause. These fatal fall accidents not only result in human loss but also impose significant financial costs on construction projects. However, current safety planning and management is typically carried out manually using safety documents and 2D models, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. There is also a lack of visualization for the placement of temporary safety facilities (TSFs) during construction. Meanwhile, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the potential to be used as a comprehensive workspace planning for TSFs in a scheduling manner. Therefore, this study proposes the development of a construction safety dashboard to inform workers about fall hazards using spatial–temporal data stored in 4D BIM. The proposed approach includes four modules: (1) identification and assessment of risk from identified work activities, (2) development of 4D BIM model, (3) creation of a dashboard to share safety knowledge, and (4) validation of the dashboard through interviews with safety managers and site workers. This approach is tested on a stadium project, particularly focusing on roof work activities, where workers are most prone to fall hazards. The proposed method aims to provide ease for site workers to access safety knowledge, including risk identification (including risk, fatality, location, and time), visualization of TSFs, personal protective equipment, and safety work instructions. This interactive dashboard also enables safety managers to plan safety measures, allocate TSFs efficiently, and make well-informed decisions to effectively mitigate risks.

The Karo sub-ethnic is one of five Batak sub-ethnicities in the Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. They are famous for their local knowledge about the traditional use of medicinal plants to treat various diseases. The “Kem-kem” traditional medicine is one of the traditional healing practices that involve using plants passed down through generations from their ancestors. One of the plant genus group in the Rutaceae family utilized in the traditional “Kem-kem” healing practice is a citrus known as “Rimo”. This study aims to document the local knowledge about the diversity of Citrus spp. as Kem-kem's herbal medicinal plant. This study was conducted from April to July 2023 in the Kabanjahe and Berastagi districts, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Data was collected using interviews with traditional healers, herbal medicine vendors, and direct observations at traditional markets, involving a total of 8 Citrus spp. The Karo uses “Rimo” with different local names as sources of traditional medicinal ingredients in practicing “Kem-kem”. There are 15 local names comprising eight species of Citrus. Four are hybrids, i.e., Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Citrus × aurantium L, Citrus × junos Siebold ex Yu.Tanaka, and Citrus × taitensis Risso. Two of the remaining species are recognized in infraspecific rank, one variety (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis (Hoola van Nooten) Swingle) and one form (Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa (Ten.) M.Hiroe). They were used as material sources for Kem-kem traditional medicine to treat at least nine health problems. There are two species with six local names included in the Least Concern (LC) category, namely C. medica (Rimo Gawang, Rimo Hantuantu, Rimo Kayu), C. medica var. sarcodactylis (Rimo Kuku Harimau), and C. medica (Rimo Telur Buaya), C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Rimo Malem). Nine local names are included in the Not Evaluated (NE) category, namely C. × junos (Rimo Kejaren), C. × taitensis (Rimo Jungga), C. × aurantium f. deliciosa (Rimo Keling), C. × aurantium (Rimo Kersik), Citrus hystrix DC. (Rimo Mukur), C. × taitensis (Rimo Puraga), C. × aurantium (Rimo Kalele), Citrus swinglei Burkill ex Harms (Rimo Pagar), and C. x aurantiifolia (Rimo Bunga). Rimo Kejaren (C. × junos) is a species that has the most benefits.