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Temesgen Tantu Arusi,1,2 Dereje Zewdu Assefa,3 Muluken Gunta Gutulo,4 Teshome Gensa Geta5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolkite University College of Health Science, Wolkite, Ethiopia; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hawassa University, Hawassa City, Ethiopia; 3Department of Anesthesia, Wolkite University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite, Ethiopia; 4Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Zone Health Bureau, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; 5Department of Public Health, Wolkite University College of Health Science, Wolkite, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Temesgen Tantu Arusi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite City, Southern Nations State, 2783, Ethiopia, Tel +251913323961, Email tematantu405@gmail.comBackground: Uterine rupture is a rare occurrence but has catastrophic complications during pregnancy. The incidence is relatively higher in scarred uteri because there is a promotion of labor after cesarean section. There is a scarcity of evidence from low-income countries regarding the predictors of uterine rupture after trial labor.Objective: To assess factors determining uterine rupture during labor after the previous cesarean section among mothers delivered at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 2017 to September 2022.Methods: A facility-based unmatched case–control study was done by reviewing 105 patients, which included 35 cases and 70 controls in a 1:2 case-to-control ratio. The association between dependent and independent variables was sought with running binary and multivariate analyses by using the cut point of a p value < 0.05 and 95% CI.Results: The prevalence of uterine rupture is 1.6%. The factors significantly associated with uterine rupture after trial of labor are fetal weight > 3.8 kg (AOR: 5.21), antenatal care 4 (AOR: 3.6), labor duration > 15 hours (AOR: 10.7), and previous successful vaginal delivery (AOR: 3.4). Poor fetal-maternal outcomes like 91.4% fetal death, 29 hysterectomies, 22 blood transfusions, and 1 death.Conclusion: The prevalence is relatively higher than in developed countries. The number of antenatal care, labor duration, and lower fetal weight are not common findings associated with uterine rupture after trial of labor across the literature, so large-scale studies are needed to develop guidelines for the Ethiopian setup. Improving the quality of obstetrics care given in each level of health system.Keywords: TOL, uterine rupture, scar dehiscence, VBAC, Ethiopia

Abstract This paper aimed to discuss the areal extent and spatial structure of neighborhood, called tol, which possibly demarcate urban tissue with respect to worship of the deity and funerary acts. Bhaktapur is known as one of the historical cities of the World Heritage Site in Kathmandu Valley. The analysis firstly focuses on the dwelling distributions that have the common votary area of the guardian deities' temples/shrines and the use of the same crossing for funerary acts. Then, the authors compare those dwelling distribution with the areal extent of tols to find out how tol boundaries were formed. This result will be a precondition to conduct further examination on historical urban formation in the coming paper.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a common clinical feature of mental disorders. A number of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have shown reduced prefrontal activation during the verbal fluency task (VFT) in schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have examined and compared the brain activation patterns during the Tower of London (TOL), which is another classic, high-sensitivity executive function testing tool, in these two serious mental disorders. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of brain activation during the two different cognitive tasks in SZ and MDD patients.Methods: This study recruited 30 patients with SZ, 30 patients with MDD, and 30 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured using 32-channel fNIRS during performance of the TOL task and VFT task.Results: SZ patients showed poorer VFT performance than MDD patients and HCs, and the two patient groups showed poorer TOL performance than HCs. Compared to HCs, both of the patient groups exhibited a significant decreased activation in the extensive PFC. Particularly in certain channels in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), SZ patients exhibited significantly decreased hemodynamic changes than the MDD patients.Conclusions: Patients with SZ and MDD have different levels of impairment in different cognitive domains and different patterns of brain activation during the two cognitive tasks. Further research is needed to determine the use of fNIRS for clinical evaluation and diagnosis.

Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated transmembrane protein receptors (cargo) relies on the function of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) protein complexes. The ESCRT machinery is comprised of five unique oligomeric complexes with distinct functions. Target of Myb1 (TOM1) is an ESCRT protein involved in the initial steps of endosomal cargo sorting. To exert its function, TOM1 associates with ubiquitin moieties on the cargo via its VHS and GAT domains. Several ESCRT proteins, including TOLLIP, Endofin, and Hrs, have been reported to form a complex with TOM1 at early endosomal membrane surfaces, which may potentiate the role of TOM1 in cargo sorting. More recently, it was found that TOM1 is involved in other physiological processes, including autophagy, immune responses, and neuroinflammation, which crosstalk with its endosomal cargo sorting function. Alteration of TOM1 function has emerged as a phosphoinositide-dependent survival mechanism for bacterial infections and cancer progression. Based on current knowledge of TOM1-dependent cellular processes, this review illustrates how TOM1 functions in coordination with an array of protein partners under physiological and pathological scenarios.

Tol Pasteur merupakan jalan tol di Kota Bandung yang menghubungkan Tol Purbaleunyi dengan Kota Bandung. Terdapat gerbang tol keluar dan gerbang tol masuk yang masing-masing melayani pengendara yang berasal dari Tol Purbaleunyi dan yang akan menuju Tol Purbaleunyi. Proses yang terjadi pada gerbang tol keluar adalah pembayaran jasa tol ke operator, sedangkan pada gerbang tol masuk terdapat aktivitas pengambilan tiket yang dilayani oleh mesin otomatis. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, terdapat antrian panjang yang selalu terjadi pada gerbang tol masuk dan keluar di saat akhir pekan. Hal ini mengakibatkan waktu tunggu pengendara yang cukup lama di dalam antrian dan tersendatnya lalu lintas di simpang empat Pasteur yang mengakibatkan kemacetan. Banyak keluhan yang muncul tidak hanya dari pengguna tol tetapi juga dari masyarakat yang kebetulan melalui simpang empat jalan Pasteur. Keadaan seperti ini tentunya perlu diperbaiki. Bekerjasama dengan PT Jasa Marga, dilakukan penelitian untuk mencari solusi permasalahan yang dihadapi. Metode dalam studi simulasi yang dimulai dari pengamatan terhadap sistem pelayanan tol, pemodelan konseptual sistem pelayanan di gerbang tol, pembangunan model simulasi, dan eksperimen menggunakan model simulasi akan dilakukan untuk menentukan alternatif perbaikan apa saja yang akan diusulkan bagi sistem pelayanan di gerbang Tol Pasteur ini.