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The phenomenon of Citayam Fashion Week has symbolically influenced the way lower-class youth dress in central Jakarta. What was once an urban area in Sudirman has transformed into a fashion arena after videos of young people sporting distinctive clothing styles went viral. More than just a social gathering, this occurrence has attracted significant attention on social media, showcasing unique fashion expressions. However, this spontaneous and instantaneous trend has sparked a wide range of responses, with opinions varying from viewing it as a creative expression to considering it counterproductive. This study employs Jean Baudrillard’s theory as its formal framework in qualitative analysis, with Citayam Fashion Week serving as the material object of inquiry. The findings reveal the symbolic imagery that influences societal perceptions through creative fashion expressions and highlights the potential negative impacts on society, particularly among contemporary youth.

Purpose – The research aims to examine the influence of perceived value (PV) dimensions on brand loyalty of luxury car owners and to examine the mediating role of attitudinal loyalty (AL) between PV dimensions and behavioral loyalty (BL). Design/methodology/approach – Primary data for the study were gathered from the luxury car owners in Kerala, India. The construct measurements have been adopted from previous research studies. Structural equation modeling with the partial least square (PLS) technique was used to analyze the measurements and conceptual model. Findings – The findings show that out of four PV dimensions among luxury car owners, the hedonic value (HV) significantly influences their AL. Economic value influences BL, and social values have an impact on AL as well as BL, but the relationship of functional value with any is not supported by the results. AL is a strong predictor of BL, and it actively mediates the relationship of HV and symbolic value with BL. Practical implications – The manufactures of luxury cars provide more importance to hedonic and symbolic elements while launching new models and consider the price perceptions of the targeted customers while making decisions related to brand attachment and brand loyalty. Originality/value – This study contributes to the decision-making of the rapidly growing vehicle market by examining the perceptions and by providing the effects of perceived values among luxury car owners. Also, it extends the literature by developing a framework for PV dimensions on AL and BL and also incorporated the mediating role of AL.

The symbolic value of the journey has been widely explored in literary theory, educational science, history and philosophy. However, is it possible to approach travel from a theological point of view? The aim of our article is to answer this question. In order to do so, we essentially seek a biblical and theological–spiritual foundation for our research. First, we start from the experience contained in travel books as well as from the notion of the journey as a path to wisdom as it appears in some literary works. After examining the pedagogical value of the notion of the journey as an adventure in which the hero is formed, and the philosophical value of the concept of the journey as a search for the meaning of life, we intend to develop the theological approach on three levels: examining the notion of the journey as a metaphor for the Christian way; the experience of the journey as expatriation; and the relationship between the journey and conversion.

Purpose — Intense competition compels every product to innovate. Luxury brands must employ various strategies to attract consumers, one of which is fostering strong customer relationships, measured by the extent of customers' connection to the brand. This study aims to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the cosmetic luxury brand, using brand resonance as the dependent variable, brand salience as the independent variable, and symbolic value as the mediating variable. Method — This research employs an explanatory research design with a quantitative approach. The study's population consists of consumers of luxury cosmetic brands in Indonesia, with a sample size of 96 respondents. Data analysis is conducted using Partial Least Squares (PLS), a variant of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) capable of performing both model testing and structural model testing simultaneously. The statistical tool employed for this analysis is SmartPLS 4, which provides user-friendly access to multivariate analysis methods. Result — The results indicate that brand salience does not have a significant effect on brand resonance. However, it was found that symbolic value can serve as a mediator in the relationship between brand salience and brand resonance. Brand resonance is a crucial aspect of maintaining consumer loyalty and can be achieved by strengthening the brand's association with customers. Contribution — This research contributes by examining the influence of brand salience on brand resonance, a less-explored aspect of brand management, and introduces the concept of symbolic value as a potential mediator.

With the e-commerce development and changing of hotels’ booking channels, the online word-of-mouth, as a new signal of quality, is becoming to attract more attention of consumers. Using the scenario experiment, this study explores the effect of online word-of-mouth on brand sensitivity of consumers during the decision making for hotel booking. The results show that if the information about hotels obtained is limited in the decision-making process, consumers would have a higher sensitivity to the hotel brand. Increasing information about the online word-of-mouth can effectively reduce consumers’ brand sensitivity to hotels. Besides, the moderating effect of the hotel grade on the relationship between the online word-of-mouth and brand sensitivity is affected by the scale of the negative differences of word-of-mouth.

The hand-woven carpet because of the capacity of having the artistic, economic and conceptual aspects during the history, has found different functions besides its own consumable function. In Travelogues and historiographies was mentioned about the very splendor and luxury carpets that describing the glorious palaces. It indicates carpets gradually obtained a value more than consuming value.This research was conducted using the descriptive and analytical approach, based on library and documents data, with visual investigation on paintings from 15th to 18th centuries to finding the shape of the usage of carpets. Because that was not possible to investigate all European countries, it was emphasized on most important samples in terms of economy, commercial and artistic status.It seems by the spread of conspicuous consumption among high class people and afterwards among middle class families, arose a kind of symbolic value for hand- woven carpets. The research shows in capitalism and consumerism societies, carpets were a symbol of wealth and self-glorification for their owners. As during the 16 century and afterwards, their the consumable value as the floor covering, converted to symbolic value as a very important element in decorating the palaces, mosques, churches and paintings.

One of the main assumptions of mathematical tools in science is represented by the idea of measurability and additivity of reality. For discovering the physical universe additive measures such as mass, force, energy, temperature, etc. are used. Economics and conventional business intelligence try to continue this empiricist tradition and in statistical and econometric tools they appeal only to the measurable aspects of reality. However, a lot of important variables of economic systems cannot be observable and additive in principle. These variables can be called symbolic values or symbolic meanings and studied within symbolic interactionism, the theory developed since George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer. In statistical and econometric tools of business intelligence we accept only phenomena with causal connections measured by additive measures. In the paper we show that in the social world we deal with symbolic interactions which can be studied by non-additive labels (symbolic meanings or symbolic values). For accepting the variety of such phenomena we should avoid additivity of basic labels and construct a new probabilistic method in business intelligence based on non-Archimedean probabilities.

What criteria should be used for preserving an urban tree as a cultural heritage to be transmitted? Three hypotheses are examined in the case of the city of Tunis. The first relates to the environmental and aesthetic role played by trees, their useful contribution to the quality of life and health in the urban environment, and the need to preserve them to ensure the well-being of the population. The second hypothesis supports the idea that trees may be considered as monuments in the sense of evoking an urban memory. The third hypothesis concerns a personal, often symbolic or even religious attachment of the inhabitants to certain trees. The tree thus contributes to forging the identity of the inhabitants of the city by marking their living environment.

Water towers are symbolical landmarks that refer to the industrialization. The oldest water towers are technical and industrial assets whose current and future evolution is a sensitive matter as a result of the economic context that brought about the closing of numerous industrial enterprises and abandoning infrastructure assets, including water towers. Some water towers were included on the national cultural-heritage lists across the world, thanks to the manifold values they incorporate (technological, historical, architectural, esthetical, among others). In this context, it has become necessary to convert them, with the twofold purpose of conserving them and assigning them a new function, for the local community members. Although there are numerous models for good practice in the conversion of water towers in several European countries, in Romania their reuse is a difficult process, most of the time burdened by shortcomings of legislation or lack of financial support. The study’s main purpose is to present reasons for the conversion of water towers and to highlight several good practice models, as well as to present several water towers with a high potential for conversion.

Recent sociological studies of the mobile phone and the fixed line telephone have drawn attention to the changing meanings of communications technologies. Whilst manufacturers often represent “preferred” uses in product marketing, users frequently subvert such intended purposes, modify them or invent new practices. Mobile phones, whose “essential” function was verbal communication, were initially designed and marketed for business and professional use. Today we use them to chat and keep in touch with our children. Their basic function of speech communication has been subverted as teenagers opt to for text messages. School-children have invented new social uses despite the efforts of mobile phone companies to persuade them otherwise.Traditionally, social scientists have assumed that a device such as the telephone has an intrinsic purpose determined by some essential property of its technology. Such an approach stands in contrast to the analysis of works of art or products of the media where factors such as religious belief, social values and political ideology are routinely invoked to explain their various interpretations. This paper suggests that such a dichotomy is false. Concepts from cultural studies and communications theory are used to argue that technologies such as the telephone are cultural products with symbolic as well as economic value and that users can shift their meanings.

This research is about the housing architectural development in the Rio de la Plata (River Plate) margins at the end of the Colonial Period. Both the Spanish strategy of domination in this area and a geopolitical need drew up the guidelines for the economic growth of this obscure and remote village of the Spanish Empire: “the forgotten village”. There was mass migration, both external and internal, within that context. This generated tension in the urban space as well as in the inner social system. The growing elite demanded increasing shares of commercial participation and power, made an intensive use of the urban land, and generated a new architectural aesthetic expressed in the formal language of the Neoclassicism. All these contributions guide and give theoretical support to another vision of this history. Therefore, in this thesis, they will enrich the research process and facilitate the weaving of the net by considering spatial variables, housing patterns, the use and occupation of the land, and the forms of economic accumulation and identity in its widest meaning. Through housing, we are able to “read” the inhabitants and interpret the houses’ social value.

The research project developed in this thesis aims at explaining the spatial, symbolic, technological and functional transformation, as well as the use of the houses, of the Rio de la Plata (River Plate) margins at the end of the Colonial Period. Both the Spanish strategy of domination in this area and a geopolitical need drew up the guidelines for the economic growth of this obscure and remote village of the Spanish Empire: “the forgotten village”. There was mass migration, both external and internal, within that context. This generated tension in the urban space as well as in the inner social system. The growing elite demanded increasing shares of commercial participation and power, made an intensive use of the urban land, and generated a “new” architectural aesthetic expressed in the formal language of the Neoclassicism. All these contributions guide and give theoretical support to another vision of the history. Therefore, in this thesis, they will enrich the research process and facilitate the weaving of the net by considering the spatial variables, housing patterns, the use and occupation of the land, and the forms of economic accumulation and identity in its widest meaning. Through housing, we are able to “read” the inhabitants and interpret the houses’ social value.

The expediency of assessment of museum items on the basis of the degree of exclusiveness (scientific and historical, scientific and artistic, and other scientific and informative value) is substantiated. The approaches to assessment of museum items (as a part of the heritage assets) in national and international accounting standards for the public sector are investigated. Proposals concerning the application of valuation at initial cost in Ukraine are substantiated. In case of its absence one should recognize fair value instead of conditional one. Museum items that are not assessed on the reporting date and do not meet the recognition criteria should be disclosed in the off-balance sheet accounting by the symbolic value with subsequent disclosure in the Notes to the financial statements.

RESUMO O objetivo deste caso de ensino é gerar aprendizagem sobre a criação de valor simbólico e cultural de bens de consumo no contexto da comunicação virtual. Dessa forma, o caso também permite aprender sobre a importância desse tipo de valor dentro das práticas de marketing digital. A história gravita em torno da gestora Anna, que enfrenta uma crise na empresa que administra com sua mãe, diretora e fundadora. A Tear é uma empresa no segmento de moda, que confecciona objetos caracterizados pelo design sofisticado, trabalho artesanal refinado e peças únicas. Ao atender uma consumidora que pretende adquirir um vestido de noiva, Anna escuta um relato sobre a Tiffany’s & Co. e vislumbra, então, uma alternativa potencial para enfrentar a crise. Depois de conversar com a diretora, decide investir em uma visita na sede da Tiffany’s & Co. em Nova Iorque, nos Estudos Unidos. Ela conversa com várias pessoas e adquire várias experiências. Com tudo isso, Anna descobre como o marketing digital e o comércio eletrônico podem transformar produtos artesanais em objetos de desejo, conciliando inovação com tradição. Todavia, descobre também o inverso: como a dimensão cultural e simbólica pode qualificar as práticas de marketing digital.