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Este artículo examina los poemas de Severo Sarduy de Un testigo fugaz y disfrazado y Un testigo perenne y delatado como textos tanatográficos que exploran la conciencia de la enfermedad y la muerte. Se analizan las reflexiones teóricas de Sarduy sobre la “libertad vigilada” en la poesía, como estrategia de sobrevivencia y estímulo creativo. Un testigo fugaz utiliza una “tanatografía periférica” que recurre a eufemismos, alegorías y alusiones anamórficas para ocultar el sentido. Además, se exploran las significaciones poéticas y políticas de las prácticas homoeróticas en el contexto de la pandemia de VIH/sida. En Un testigo perenne y delatado, se analiza el cambio de perspectiva del “testigo” frente a la cercanía de la muerte. Estos textos reflejan una transformación reflexiva y emotiva que representa el proceso de duelo del autor.

Purpose Body image encompasses body-related self-perceptions and personal attitudes. Dissatisfaction with body image during the early stages of adolescence is negatively related to self-esteem and other health problems. A few publications focused on positive body image and directly related to the experiences and interactions of adolescents themselves. To explore positive body image in adolescents and describe the familial and educational factors that contribute to its development.Methods A qualitative study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used, and 9 adolescents, 6 families, and 8 teachers participated in semi-structured interviews, which were then theme analyzed. Results Self-care, body acceptance, confronting messages that attack body image, and the influence of social media have been identified as emerging themes in adolescents’ positive body image experiences. Therefore, the pubertal period, family values, fostering, and educational actions as well as media literacy were identified as factors promoting self-esteem and positive body image in the family and educational environment. Conclusions Their parents also expressed aspects such as those that contribute to the development of healthy self-esteem, confidence, and positive body image. Alternatively, the teachers indicated educational activities to work on self-image and self-esteem when faced with situations of concern in the classroom.

This paper focuses on three authors who have narrated their experiences of living with HIV: the Venezuelan José Vicente de Santis, the Cuban Miguel Ángel Fraga, and the Argentine Pablo Pérez. These authors have experienced their illnesses at different times in the 1990s and in other cultural contexts. Therefore, their experiences regarding access to the medication and social perceptions of the disease are also different. However, the three writers have in common the struggle for survival and the deployment of an ethic of resurrection. The article analyzes how HIV-positive people have narrated their permanence in their communities in the first person. How do these authors think of themselves as social subjects after being considered by family and society as dying? The works that the article examines become both esthetic and ethical challenges that raise questions about how to live and narrate the experience of having HIV and engage the reader with questions about how to normalize this disease and reintroduce survivors in social spaces.

L’article porte sur le contenu linguistique des manuels de français langue étrangère. Le but de la recherche était d’étudier la correspondance entre le contenu grammatical, lexical et fonctionnel et le niveau de référence de la compétence linguistique A1. L’analyse quantitative centrée sur le contenu linguistique des manuels a révélé des caractéristiques communes avec des études qualitatives similaires menées en France, en Allemagne et en Grande-Bretagne. Pour tous les manuels analysés, le contenu linguistique destiné à être acquis a révélé beaucoup de dépassements du niveau de référence de la compétence communicative A1, ce qui peut accroître la complexité cognitive des tâches.

Drinking water production is subject to multiple water quality requirements such as minimizing disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation, which are highly related to natural organic matter (NOM) content. For water treatment, coagulation is a key process for removing water pollutants and, as such, is widely implemented in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) facilities worldwide. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) tools can be used to aid decision making. This study presents an environmental decision support system (EDSS) for coagulation in a Mediterranean DWTP. The EDSS is structured hierarchically into the following three levels: data acquisition, control, and supervision. The EDSS relies on influent water characterization, suggesting an optimal pH and coagulant dose. The model designed for the control level is based on response surface methodology (RSM), targeted to optimize removal for the response variables (turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and UV254). Results from the RSM model provided removal percentages for turbidity (64.6%), TOC (21.9%), and UV254 (30%), which represented an increase of 4%, 33%, and 28% as compared with the DWTP water sample. Regarding the entire EDSS, 62%, 21%, and 25% of turbidity, TOC, and UV254 removal were fixed as the optimization criteria. Supervision rules (SRs) were included at the top of the architecture to intensify process performance under specific circumstances.

Investigating the roles of chemical factors stimulating and inhibiting sperm motility is required to understand the mechanisms of spermatozoa movement. In this study, we described the composition of the seminal fluid (osmotic pressure, pH, and ions) and investigated the roles of these factors and salinity in initiating spermatozoa movement in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The acidic pH of the gonad (5.82±0.22) maintained sperm in the quiescent stage and initiation of flagellar movement was triggered by a sudden increase of spermatozoa external pH (pHe) when released in seawater (SW). At pH 6.4, percentage of motile spermatozoa was three times higher when they were activated in SW containing 30 mM NH4Cl, which alkalinizes internal pH (pHi) of spermatozoa, compared to NH4Cl-free SW, revealing the role of pHi in triggering sperm movement. Percentage of motile spermatozoa activated in Na+-free artificial seawater (ASW) was highly reduced compared to ASW, suggesting that change of pHi triggering sperm motility was mediated by a Na+/H+ exchanger. Motility and swimming speed were highest in salinities between 33.8 and 42.7‰ (within a range of 0 to 50 ‰), and pH values above 7.5 (within a range of 4.5 to 9.5).

Resumen: A través de la lectura de las crónicas sobre el VIH/sida de Marta Dillon y Joaquín Hurtado, analizo cómo estos autores narran la convivencia crónica con el VIH que les impone el aprendizaje de nuevas formas de gestionar la vida y de autorrepresentarse. Estudio las crónicas no solo como estrategias terapéuticas para lidiar con los profundos cambios corporales y emocionales que trae consigo el diagnóstico, sino también como estrategias políticas para incidir en la normalización y percepción social de la enfermedad como entidad crónica. La reescritura del cuerpo, consustancial al devenir crónico de la enfermedad, enfrenta a los autores a cuestionar la improductividad o incapacidad de los sujetos afectados por el VIH, y los límites entre el yo y el otro (virus); la salud y la enfermedad, todo ello en el contexto de la medicalización contemporánea de los cuerpos y las subjetividades. Palabras Clave: VIH/sida, representación, crónicas, enfermedad crónica, cuerpo, subjetividad Abstract: Through the reading of the chronicles on HIV / AIDS by Marta Dillon and Joaquín Hurtado, I analyze how these authors narrate the chronic coexistence with the HIV that imposes on them the learning of new ways of managing life and self-representation. I study the texts by Dillon and Hurtado not only as therapeutic strategies to deal with the impacts on bodies and emotions that the diagnosis brings but also as political strategies in order to change the social perception of the disease as a chronic condition. Through the rewriting of the body, inherent to the chronic evolution of the disease, the authors question the unproductivity or incapacity of the subjects affected by HIV and the limits between the self and the other (virus), health and illness, all in the context of the contemporary medicalization of bodies and subjectivities. Key words: HIV/AIDS, representation, chronic disease, chronicle, body, subjectivity

The king scallop Pecten maximus is a high valuable species of great interest in Europe for both fishery and aquaculture. Notably, there has been an increased investment to produce seed for enhancement programmes of wild scallop populations. However, hatchery production is a relatively new industry and it is still underdeveloped. Major hurdles are spawning control and gamete quality. In the present study, a total of 14 scallops were sampled in the bay of Brest (Brittany, France) to compare transcriptomic profiles of mature oocytes collected by spawning induction or by stripping. To reach such a goal, a microarray analysis was performed by using a custom 8x60K oligonucleotide microarray representing 45,488 unique scallop contigs. First we identified genes that were differentially expressed depending on oocyte quality, estimated as the potential to produce D-larvae. Secondly, we investigated the transcriptional features of both stripped and spawned oocytes. Genes coding for proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, serine/threonine kinases signalling pathway, mRNA processing, response to DNA damage, apoptosis and cell-cycle appeared to be of crucial importance for both oocyte maturation and developmental competence. This study allowed us to dramatically increase the knowledge about transcriptional features of oocyte quality and maturation, as well as to propose for the first time putative molecular markers to solve a major bottleneck in scallop aquaculture.

In brooding mollusc species that incubate larvae before their release in seawater, the biology of gametes remains poorly explored. The present study describes some biological characteristics of sperm of the European flat oyster, a native species that has been over-exploited in the past and is nowadays classified as an endangered species in Europe. Flat oysters were collected by divers in the Rade de Brest (Finistère, France), during its natural reproduction period. Gonadal pH is acidic (6.31 ± 0.10). Spermatozoa are clustered in spermatozeugmata, an acellular structure in which the sperm heads are embedded. After their transfer in seawater, spermatozeugmata have a mean diameter of 64 ± 3 μm and they release free spermatozoa for a mean duration of 21 ± 3 min. Immediately after their release, the mean percentage of motile spermatozoa was 48.5 ± 12.6%. At 10 min after dilution in seawater, movement of spermatozoa was no more observed. Biological characteristics of European flat oyster sperm are compared to those observed in the Pacific oyster, regarding the unique reproductive behaviour of the former species and the role of spermatozoa transfer played by spermatozeugmata. The present results aim to improve the knowledge of reproduction and natural recruitment processes, support conservation and restoration measures and favour the establishment of management protocols of gametes and larvae in this endangered species.

Este artículo estudia textos de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda escritos en su estancia en Cuba (1860-1864), con el objetivo de explicar las estrategias discursivas utilizadas por la autora para esquivar los reclamos nacionalistas de sus compatriotas. Frente a la política de la visión que da cuerpo a las demandas de objetividad de los nacionalistas, Avellaneda opta, en sus poemas de esta fecha, por un enfoque de la Isla desde la cautela y la distancia. En textos de crítica literaria y en la novela El artista barquero, Avellaneda defiende la reelaboración de la percepción a partir de una poética de las emociones que contrarreste el “positivismo” nacionalista.

This study is the first demonstration of successful post-thawing development to reproduction stage of diploid cryopreserved larvae in an aquatic invertebrate. Survival, growth and reproductive performances were studied in juvenile and adult Pacific oysters grown from cryopreserved embryos. Cryopreservation was performed at three early stages: trochophore (13±2 hours post fertilization: hpf), early D-larvae (24±2 hpf) and late D-larvae (43±2 hpf). From the beginning (88 days) at the end of the ongrowing phase (195 days), no mortality was recorded and mean body weights did not differ between the thawed oysters and the control. At the end of the growing-out phase (982 days), survival of the oysters cryopreserved at 13±2 hpf and at 43±2 hpf was significantly higher (P

Some tests for an epidemic type change in a first order nearly nonstationary autoregressive process are investigated. Limit distributions of the tests are found under no change. Consistency is examined under short epidemics in the mean of innovations.

Based on an intervention research study on the implementation of the RATP “Bus Attitude” project and the consequent evolution of control methods, the article describes and analyses the ticket inspector “job genre”. It shows how certain management indicators can play a critical role in constituting and maintaining the “job genre”, sometimes even devitalizing it. The authors then question the relevance of acting on the management indicators to transform job practices and revitalize the “job genre”. The article highlights the advantages and limitations of such an action and examines the role of the researcher during the intervention.

Le thon rouge présente des caractères adaptatifs lui permettant de vivre dans une gamme large de paramètres physiques et climatiques tels que la température, la salinité et la pression hydrostatique. L’élevage de l’espèce et une domestication progressive pouvaient donc être envisagés. Les mortalités importantes observées après manipulation et les pertes liées aux variations brutales de l’environnement en cage ont révélé l’extrême sensibilité du thon au stress. Cette nouvelle caractéristique de ce poisson pélagique diminue les possibilités d’intervention humaine durant l’élevage. Celui-ci se limite à l’engraissement d’individus sauvages et les progrès sur le contrôle du cycle biologique de l’espèce sont extrêmement lents. On peut dire que la production de thon progresse sans domestication de l’espèce.

Le terme domestication possède un sens législatif, attribuable à des espèces qui ont fait l’objet de pressions de sélection, mais aussi un sens littéraire, prenant en compte le temps depuis lequel l’espèce vit auprès de l’homme et la possibilité de contrôler sa reproduction. Selon le premier sens de ce terme, aucune des deux espèces de gadidés qui font l’objet de cet article, la morue et le lieu jaune, ne peut être considérée comme domestique. D’un point de vue littéraire, les travaux de recherche menés depuis 140 ans sur la morue et le contrôle fin de sa reproduction accordent à cette espèce le statut de domestique. C’est plus difficilement le cas du lieu jaune chez lequel les travaux ont débuté il y a dix ans et dont la reproduction est encore mal maîtrisée. Les faibles différences observées entre les performances de morues d’élevage et sauvages mettent en évidence l’impact encore limité de ce processus chez cette espèce. Grâce à l’intérêt porté à son élevage dans le nord de l’Europe et de l’Amérique, des techniques d’aquaculture mais également des programmes de sélection devraient être disponibles, facilitant l’accession de la morue au statut de domestique, tel que l’entend le législateur.

A partir del estudio de valoraciones y juicios que han ido conformado el relato de nuestra identidad nacional (cubana), intento develar los procesos de construcción identitaria mediante los cuales hemos sido concebidos como el otro femenino de un sujeto masculino colonizador. Para ello abordo periodos históricos decisivos en la conformación de tal relato identitario (Conquista, Colonia, República, Revolución), y utilizo como fuentes para el análisis, fragmentos de textos narrativos, artículos de costumbres, conferencias, testimonios, en tre otros. De igual forma, pretendo demostrar cómo la adjudicación de cualidades femeninas al cubano varía a partir de 1959 como parte del nuevo proyecto de nación y del nuevo ideal de sujeto que se pretende alcanzar.