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Antibiotic resistance is becoming one of the threats to global health. This crisis has been attributed to the over-the-counter and overuse of antibiotics leading bacteria to gain the ability to resist and survive even in the presence of antimicrobial agents. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the major gram-negative bacteria that are the representative indicators of antibiotic resistance. One of the mechanisms of gaining antibiotic resistance is the ability of E. coli to gain the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). In this study, Near East University Hospital data from 2016 to 2019 were used to study the dynamics of ESBL-producing (ESBL+{\text{ESBL}}^{+}) and non-ESBL-producing (ESBL−{\text{ESBL}}^{-}) E. coli infections by using a mathematical model. In our study, the aim was to evaluate the distribution of infections caused by resistant E. coli strains in later years and to increase the success of treatment in patients infected with E. coli by reducing the problem of antibiotic resistance. By using the mathematical model and data of the patients, basic reproduction number (R 0) values were calculated to study epidemiologic dynamics of the disease. The R0E−{R}_{0}^{{E}^{-}} and R0E+{R}_{0}^{{E}^{+}}values for ESBL−{\text{ESBL}}^{-} and ESBL+ {\text{ ESBL}}^{+}\text{ } E. coli infections were calculated, respectively. According to the model and the data used within the study, it was calculated that R0E−{R}_{0}^{{E}^{-}}to be 1,266,403 and R0E+{R}_{0}^{{E}^{+}}to be 2,096,747. Since the values for R0E−{R}_{0}^{{E}^{-}} and R0E+{R}_{0}^{{E}^{+}} were equal or greater than 1, this suggests that currently the ESBL−\hspace{.25em}{\text{ESBL}}^{-} and ESBL+ {\text{ ESBL}}^{+}\text{ } E. coli infections are in epidemic character for Cyprus. Furthermore, when simulation analyses were carried out for the model, it was predicted that in 2042 the ESBL−{\text{ESBL}}^{-} and ESBL+{\text{ ESBL}}^{+} E. coli infection trends will equalize. After 2042, the ESBL− {\text{ESBL}}^{-}\text{ } E. coli infections will indicate a descending pattern whereas ESBL+ {\text{ ESBL}}^{+}\text{ } E. coli infection will increase constantly.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019, and shortly after pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its unstoppable global spread. Considerable amount of effort has beenput around the World in order to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Inactivated and RNA vaccines have already passed phase three studies showing sufficient efficacy and safety, respectively. Nowadays, there is a noticeable dominance of SARS-CoV-2 variants with various mutations over the wild type SARS-CoV-2. However, there is no report showing the efficacy of these vaccines on these variants. This case study describes a thirty-eight-year-old male reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant following two doses of inactive CoronaVac administration with a protective level of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. The variant analysis of the virus reported to be positive for N501Y mutation.This is the first case in the literature demonstrating that inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine might have a lower efficacy on alpha variant.