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Purpose – Hotels offer high-quality guest experiences to positively impact their emotions, satisfaction, perceived value, word-of-mouth (WOM) and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This study aims to investigate the impacts of the quality perceived by hotel guests on their positive emotions, negative emotions, perceived value and satisfaction; verify the impacts of the price on perceived value and satisfaction; examine the impacts of satisfaction on WOM and eWOM; and test the moderating effect of hotel guests’ behavioural engagement on social networking sites (HGBE-SNS) on the relationship between satisfaction and eWOM. Design/methodology/approach – This survey included 371 guests who assessed their experiences at three Brazilian hotels. Structural equation modelling tested the hypothetical model supported by the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory (Mehrabian and Russell, 1974). Findings – The quality perceived by hotel guests (stimulus) positively impacts perceived value, positive emotions and satisfaction and negatively affects negative emotions (organism). Price (stimulus) negatively impacts perceived value but does not affect satisfaction. Perceived value positively impacts satisfaction. Satisfaction positively impacts WOM and eWOM (responses). The HGBE-SNS moderates the relationship between satisfaction and eWOM. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that simultaneously demonstrates the relationships between perceived quality, price, perceived value, positive and negative emotions, satisfaction, WOM, eWOM and HGBE-SNS. Hotels must offer their guests high-quality services to positively impact’ perceived value, positive emotions, satisfaction and WOM. Low prices boost the perceived value but do not directly increase guest satisfaction. Satisfied hotel guests share their experiences via WOM, but high HGBE-SNS is crucial to boost eWOM. Objetivo – Los hoteles ofrecen experiencias de alta calidad a sus huéspedes para influir positivamente en sus emociones, satisfacción, valor percibido, boca a boca (WOM) y boca a boca electrónico (eWOM). Este estudio tiene como objetivo a) investigar el impacto de la calidad percibida por los huéspedes del hotel en sus emociones positivas, emociones negativas, valor percibido y satisfacción; b) verificar el impacto del precio en el valor percibido y la satisfacción; c) examinar el impacto de la satisfacción en el WOM y eWOM; d) probar el efecto moderador del compromiso conductual de los huéspedes del hotel en las redes sociales (HGBE-SNS) en la relación entre satisfacción y eWOM. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – En esta encuesta participaron 371 huéspedes que evaluaron sus experiencias en tres hoteles brasileños. La modelización de ecuaciones estructurales puso a prueba el modelo hipotético apoyado en la teoría estímulo-organismo-respuesta (S-O-R) (Mehrabian y Russell, 1974). Resultados – La calidad percibida por los clientes del hotel (estímulo) influye positivamente en el valor percibido, las emociones positivas y la satisfacción, y negativamente en las emociones negativas (organismo). El precio (estímulo) afecta negativamente al valor percibido, pero no a la satisfacción. El valor percibido afecta positivamente a la satisfacción. La satisfacción afecta positivamente al WOM y al eWOM (respuestas). El HGBE-SNS modera la relación entre satisfacción y eWOM. Originalidad/valor – Este estudio es el primero que demuestra simultáneamente las relaciones entre calidad percibida, precio, valor percibido, emociones positivas y negativas, satisfacción, WOM, eWOM y HGBE-SNS. Los hoteles deben ofrecer a sus clientes servicios de alta calidad para influir positivamente en el valor percibido, las emociones positivas, la satisfacción y el WOM. Los precios bajos aumentan el valor percibido pero no incrementan directamente la satisfacción de los huéspedes. Los huéspedes satisfechos comparten sus experiencias a través del WOM, pero un alto nivel de HGBE-SNS es crucial para impulsar el eWOM. 目的 – 酒店提供高质量的宾客体验, 对宾客的情绪、满意度、感知价值、口碑（WOM）和电子口碑（eWOM）产生积极影响。本研究旨在 a) 调查酒店客人感知到的质量对其积极情绪、消极情绪、感知价值和满意度的影响; b) 验证价格对感知价值和满意度的影响; c) 检验满意度对 WOM 和电子口碑的影响; d) 检验酒店客人在社交网站上的行为参与（HGBE-SNS）对满意度和电子口碑之间关系的调节作用。 设计 – 本次调查包括 371 位客人, 他们对自己在巴西三家酒店的入住体验进行了评估。结构方程模型检验了由刺激-组织-反应（S-O-R）理论（Mehrabian 和 Russell, 1974 年）支持的假设模型。 研究结果 – 酒店客人感知到的质量（刺激因素）对感知价值、积极情绪和满意度有积极影响, 而对消极情绪（有机体）有消极影响。价格（刺激因素）对感知价值有负面影响, 但不影响满意度。感知价值对满意度有积极影响。满意度对 WOM 和 eWOM（反应）产生积极影响。HGBE-SNS 可调节满意度与网络口碑之间的关系。 原创性/价值 – 本研究首次同时展示了感知质量、价格、感知价值、积极和消极情绪、满意度、WOM、eWOM 和 HGBE-SNS 之间的关系。酒店必须为客人提供高质量的服务, 才能对 “感知价值"、"积极情绪"、"满意度 “和 “WOM “产生积极影响。低价会提升感知价值, 但不会直接提高客人满意度。满意的酒店客人会通过 WOM 分享他们的体验, 但高 HGBE-SNS 对促进 eWOM 至关重要。

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitously environmental contaminant, leads to the development of major toxic effects on human health, such as carcinogenic and immunosuppressive alterations reported for the most studied PAH, i.e., benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). In order to assess the risk associated with this exposure, it is necessary to have predictive biomarkers. Thus, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) contents, have recently been proposed as potentially interesting biomarkers in Toxicology. Our study here explores the use of vesicles secreted and found in blood fluids, and their miRNAs, as biomarkers of exposure to B(a)P alone and within a realistic occupational mixture. We isolated EVs from primary human cultured blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and rat plasma after PAH exposure and reported an increased EV production by B(a)P, used either alone or in the mixture, in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the association of this EV release with the blood concentration of the 7,8,9,10-hydroxy (tetrol)-B(a)P reactive metabolite, in rats. By performing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of miRNAs in PBMC-derived EVs, we analyzed miRNA profiles and demonstrated the regulation of the expression of miR-342–3p upon B(a)P exposure. We then validated B(a)P-induced changes of miR-342–3p expression in vivo in rat plasma-derived EVs. Overall, our study highlights the feasibility of using EVs and their miRNA contents, as biomarkers of PAH exposure and discusses their potential in environmental Toxicology.

Abstract Background This single-centered randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) in accelerating the orthodontic retraction of maxillary incisors. Methods Forty-two patients aged 16–40 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups, one which underwent MOPs (MOPG) in the buccal and palatal region of all maxillary incisors immediately before the start of retraction and one which did not (CG). Eligibility criteria included the orthodontic need for maxillary first premolars extraction and space closure in two phases. The primary outcome of the study consisted of measuring the rate of space closure and, consequently, the rate of incisors’ retraction using digital model superimposition 14 days later and monthly thereafter for the next 4 months. The secondary outcomes included measuring anchorage loss, central incisors’ inclination, and root length shortening, analyzed using cone beam computed tomography scans acquired before retraction and 4 months after retraction. Randomization was performed using QuickCalcs software. While clinical blinding was not possible, the image’s examinator was blinded. Results Twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to each group. However, due to various reasons, a total of 37 patients (17 male and 20 female) were analyzed (mean age: 24.3 ± 8.1 years in the MOPG; 22.2 ± 4.2 years in the CG) during the trial. No statistically significant difference was found between the MOPG and the CG regarding the incisors’ retraction measured at different time points at the incisal border (14 days, 0.4 mm vs. 0.5 mm; 1 month, 0.79 mm vs. 0.77 mm; 2 months, 1.47 mm vs. 1.41 mm; 3 months, 2.09 mm vs. 1.88 mm; 4 months, 2.62 mm vs. 2.29 mm) and at the cervical level (14 days, 0.28 mm vs. 0.30 mm; 1 month, 0.41 mm vs. 0.32 mm; 2 months, 0.89 mm vs. 0.61 mm; 3 months, 1.36 mm vs. 1.10 mm; 4 months, 1.73 mm vs. 1.39 mm). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were detected in the space closure, anchorage loss, central incisors’ inclination, and radicular length between groups. No adverse effect was observed during the trial. Conclusions MOPs did not accelerate the retraction of the maxillary incisors, nor were they associated with greater incisor inclination or root resorption. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03089996. Registered 24 March 2017— https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03089996 .

Abstract Objective To compare the effects on facial soft tissues produced by maxillary expansion generated by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) versus slow maxillary expansion (SME). Materials and methods Patients in the mixed dentition were included with a transverse discrepancy between the two arches of at least 3 mm. A conventional RME screw was compared to a new expansion screw (Leaf expander) designed to produce SME. Both screws were incorporated in a fixed expander. The primary outcome was the difference of the facial tissue changes in the nasal area measured on facial 3D images captured immediately before application of the expander (T0) and after one year of retention, immediately after the expander removal (T1). Secondary outcomes were soft tissue changes of other facial regions (mouth, lips, and chin). Analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis. Results Fourteen patients were allocated to the RME group, and 14 patients were allocated to the SME group. There were no dropouts. Nasal width change showed a difference between the two groups (1.3 mm greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.4 to 2.2, P = 0.005). Also, intercanthal width showed a difference between treatments (0.7 mm greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.0 to 1.3, P = 0.044). Nasal columella width, mouth width, nasal tip angle, upper lip angle, and lower lip angle did not show any statistically significant differences. The Y-axis (anterior–posterior) components of the nasal landmark showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (0.5 mm of forward displacement greater in the RME group, 95% CI from 0.0 to 1.2, P = 0.040). Also, Z-axis (superior-inferior) components of the lower lip landmark was statistically significant (0.9 mm of downward displacement in favor of the RME group, 95% CI from 0.1 to 1.7, P = 0.027). All the other comparisons of the three-dimensional assessments were not statistically significant. Conclusions RME produced significant facial soft tissue changes when compared to SME. RME induced greater increases in both nasal and intercanthal widths (1.3 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively). These findings, though statistically significant, probably are not clinically relevant. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN18263886. Registered 8 November 2016, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18263886?q=Franchi&filters=&sort=&offset=2&totalResults=2&page=1&pageSize=10

Objective The C reactive protein polymyalgia rheumatica activity score (CRP-PMR-AS) is a composite index that includes CRP levels and was developed specifically for PMR. As treatments such as interleukin-6 antagonists can normalise CRP levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of PMR-AS, the clinical (clin)-PMR-AS and the imputed-CRP (imp-CRP)-PMR-AS have been developed to avoid such bias. Our primary objective was to measure the correlation of these activity scores. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the concordance between different cutoffs of the PMR-ASs.Method Data from the Safety and Efficacy of tocilizumab versus Placebo in Polymyalgia rHeumatica With glucocORticoid dEpendence (SEMAPHORE) trial, a superiority randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, were subjected to post hoc analysis to compare the efficacy of tocilizumab versus placebo in patients with active PMR. The CRP-PMR-AS, ESR-PMR-AS, clin-PMR-AS and imp-CRP-PMR-AS were measured at every visit. The concordance and correlation between these scores were evaluated using kappa correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatter plots.Results A total of 101 patients were included in the SEMAPHORE trial, and 100 were analysed in this study. The correlation between the PMR-ASs was excellent, as the ICC and kappa were >0.85 from week 4 until week 24 (CRP-PMR-AS ≤10 or >10). Bland-Altman plots revealed that the differences between the CRP-PMR-AS and the other threescores were low. The cut-off values for the clin-PMR-AS were similar to those for the CRP-PMR-AS 86% of the time.Conclusion The correlation between all the PMR-ASs was excellent, reflecting the low weight of CRP. In clinical trials using drugs that have an impact on CRP, the derived activity scores can be used.Trial registration number NTC02908217.

Background: Research background shows the crucial role of emotion regulation strategies in couples' adjustment. Furthermore, lifestyle can influence the relationship between factors that affect couples' adjustment. Studying the structural relationships between these factors in reconciling couples' infidelity and exploring lifestyle as a mediating factor can enrich this research area. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the context of marital adjustment as mediated by lifestyle. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes all married clients in counseling centers in Tehran during the first six months of 2021. By applying the rule of tens for each measured variable, the sample size was determined to be 247 participants. Multi-stage cluster sampling was selected using the random sampling method. Modified paired adjustment questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling by maximum likelihood estimation. Results: The results show that there is a direct relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.001, β= 0.47) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.004, β= 0.24) and lifestyle. There is an indirect relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.012, β= 0.226) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.027, β = -0.117) and marital adjustment. The research model is consistent with the collected data (RMSEA= 0.052, CFI= 0.959). Conclusion: Cognitive emotion regulation and lifestyle are key factors in predicting marital adjustment. Therefore, it is vital to consider how these variables play a part in increasing marital adjustment.

Background. New-onset systolic heart failure (HF) after liver transplantation (LT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; however, its characteristics are still insufficiently delineated. HF may involve the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), or both ventricles. We explored the incidence, characteristics, etiologies, risks, involved cardiac chambers, and outcomes of HF after LT. Methods. This study included 528 adult patients with preoperative LV ejection fraction ≥ 55% who underwent LT between 2016 and 2020. The primary outcome was new-onset systolic HF, defined by the presence of clinical signs, symptoms, and echocardiographic evidence of reduced LVejection fraction

Abstract Objective To perform a case series analysis of the changes in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), nasal inspiratory flow (NIF), upper airway volume, obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI), and the maxillomandibular three-dimensional (3D) morphology after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) of obstructive sleep apnea children (OSA). Materials and methods Retrospective assessment of files from 1002 children screened between 2012 and 2020 in a hospital-based mouth-breather referral center. From this universe, 15 obstructive sleep apnea children (7 females; 8 males), ages 4.1 to 8.9 years old (mean age of 5.4 years ± 1.3), who presented indications of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were selected. The complete baseline examination (T0) was carried out before T&A and a second complete examination (T1) was made 18.7-month follow-up after T&A (ranging from 12 to 30 months). Eleven patients were submitted to T&A, and four patients had indications but did not receive authorization for surgery from the public health system. According to the protocol of the outpatient clinic for OSA patients, Doppler echocardiography, polysomnography, rhinomanometry, and computed tomography imaging was performed at (T0) and (T1). Results PASP decreased 16.6% after T&A. NIF increased more in T&A children (40.3%) than in non-T&A children (16.8%). The upper airway volume increased in T&A and non-T&A children, but greater volumetric gain (45.6%) was found in the nasopharynx of T&A patients. OAHI did not change in six T&A children (55%) and three non-T&A children (75%). The maxilla displaced downward and backward relative to the cranial base in six T&A children (55%) and two untreated children (50%). Nine of the T&A children (85%) and three untreated children (75%) presented extensive condylar growth and increased mandibular length. The qualitative 3D assessment showed similar morphological 3D changes in T&A and non-T&A patients. Conclusion Pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased, nasal inspiratory flow increased, and nasopharynx volume increased following adenotonsillectomy, but obstructive apnea/hypopnea index and maxillomandibular morphology were similar in surgical and non-surgical patients.

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may cause cerebral and systemic embolism. An increased D-dimer level indicates hyperactivation of secondary fibrinolysis, resulting in predilection for thrombosis. To clarify the differential effects of anticoagulation therapy, we compared the D-dimer levels in peripheral and left atrial (LA) blood of atrial fibrillation patients scheduled for ablation. Methods We analyzed 141 patients with non-valvular AF (dabigatran, n = 30; apixaban, n = 47; edoxaban, n = 64; mean age: 68 years, male: 60%). Peripheral venous blood and LA blood was collected before pulmonary vein isolation. We examined the laboratory and echocardiographic parameters. Results After adjusting for baseline characteristics, D-dimer level in the LA was significantly higher in patients treated with edoxaban than that in those on apixaban (0.77 ± 0.05 vs. 0.60 ± 0.05 μg/mL, P = 0.047), although there were no significant differences in peripheral D-dimer levels. We classified the D-dimer value of the LA into a normal group (

Aim and Introduction. Planning is one of the most essential tools for accelerating the growth and development of developing countries, accepted by most experts. Because for various reasons, these countries will be involved in poverty, recession, low and incomplete employment, high inflation, price fluctuations without planning, without any planning. Undoubtedly, the importance of planning in the regions that make up a country is doubly important. Therefore, the distance between Kermanshah metropolis and other metropolises in terms of development and lack of research at the level of local organizations increases the need for this research. The study of Kermanshah province shows that the cities of this province experience different conditions in terms of the level of development indicators. Qasr Shirin is in the first rank compared to other cities of the province, then Kermanshah and in the next ranks (undeveloped cities) are eleven cities of the province. Many officials in Kermanshah acknowledge the lack of a long-term plan for the development of the city and the province, which is the duty of the city council and municipality. Strategic planning in local organizations has always faced obstacles that affect the quality of programs. Identifying and providing solutions for them can affect the development of society. Methodology. This research pursues the two purposes of description and explanation. Therefore, the present study, on the one hand, seeks to identify the disadvantages of strategic planning, on the other hand, because the relationship between research variables analyzed based on the purpose of the research, to explain the relationship between events. In the qualitative part of the research, using semi-structured interviews and studying different texts by theme analysis method, 33 sub-categories were identified and classified into four categories: behavioral, communication, knowledge and institutional. In the quantitative part of the research, triangular fuzzy numbers have been used to fuzzy the experts' point of view. Then the questionnaire was prepared based on the presented model and distributed to 133 statistical population (sample of 98 people). Based on the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, considering that the significance value of at least one of the variables was less than the error level (0.05), so the data distribution was not normal. Due to the lack of sensitivity to the default normality of the data, smart pls software is the best structural equation software to run the model. The research model tested using the partial least squares technique. Then, to check the quality or validity of the model, a validity check used, which includes a subscription validity index and a redundancy validity index. The fit indices of the research model are positive and greater than zero, and then the model has acceptable quality and validity. The value of GOF index is 0.611, which is a strong index and shows the high quality of the model. Findings. After semi-structured interviews with experts and a study, injuries identified. Then 170 keywords and phrases were extracted through theme analysis and 33 indicators discovered through coding and classified into four groups. Four hypotheses the significant effect of the four cognitive, behavioral, communicative and institutional harms with strategic planning with a probability of 0.95 was not rejected. Finally, the analysis of the current and favorable status gap performed by distributing another questionnaire in the target population, which according to the results, there was a significant gap between the status and the desired four factors. The intensity of the effect of knowledge factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.166 and the probability statistic of the test is 3.518, which is greater than the critical value of t at the error level of 5%, i.e. 1.96 and shows that the observed effect is significant. . Therefore, with 95% confidence, the knowledge factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. The intensity of the effect of the behavioral factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.259 and the probability statistic of the test is 2.358, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level of 1.96 and shows a significant effect. Is. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the behavioral factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Therefore, the intensity of the effect of the communication factor on strategic planning calculated equal to 0.412 and the probability statistic of the test obtained 4.448, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and shows the observed effect. It is meaningful. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the communication factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Finally, the intensity of the effect of the institutional factor on strategic planning is equal to 0.491 and the probability statistic of the test is 8.727, which shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the managerial institutional factor has a significant effect on strategic planning.Discussion and Conclusion. Dissatisfaction with today's Iranian cities is a common experience of citizens, professionals and managers. The popular view of this issue is only looking for a solution to it. However, the city is the supreme product of human civilization, which emerges under the influence of innumerable components, and accepting the excessive influence of one factor in this field is in fact a kind of neglect of the issue. Among the important factors affecting the construction of Iranian cities, the system governing the preparation, approval and management of urban development plans has a significant share. The power structure in society, managers 'view of citizens' rights, city space in the eyes of people and decision makers, city maps and other such components play an important role in explaining how and what the planning system is. Examining the factors affecting strategic planning in general indicates the distance of the strategic planning system. The desired conditions achieved by correcting the injuries identified in this study through related organizations. According to the research results, the model presented in this study consists of four factors and a total of 33 indicators were identified, which were divided into four categories of knowledge with 4 indicators, behavioral with 10 indicators, communication with 8 indicators and institutional with 11 indicators. This model was the basis model for analyzing the current and desired situation. After performing the gap analysis, 26 indicators identified as damage because the current situation of these indicators is a significant distance from the desired situation and is far from the desired situation. The share of knowledge factors is three indicators, behavioral factors are eight indicators, communication factors are 6 indicators and institutional factors are nine indicators.

Aim and Introduction. Planning is one of the most essential tools for accelerating the growth and development of developing countries, accepted by most experts. Because for various reasons, these countries will be involved in poverty, recession, low and incomplete employment, high inflation, price fluctuations without planning, without any planning. Undoubtedly, the importance of planning in the regions that make up a country is doubly important. Therefore, the distance between Kermanshah metropolis and other metropolises in terms of development and lack of research at the level of local organizations increases the need for this research. The study of Kermanshah province shows that the cities of this province experience different conditions in terms of the level of development indicators. Qasr Shirin is in the first rank compared to other cities of the province, then Kermanshah and in the next ranks (undeveloped cities) are eleven cities of the province. Many officials in Kermanshah acknowledge the lack of a long-term plan for the development of the city and the province, which is the duty of the city council and municipality. Strategic planning in local organizations has always faced obstacles that affect the quality of programs. Identifying and providing solutions for them can affect the development of society. Methodology. This research pursues the two purposes of description and explanation. Therefore, the present study, on the one hand, seeks to identify the disadvantages of strategic planning, on the other hand, because the relationship between research variables analyzed based on the purpose of the research, to explain the relationship between events. In the qualitative part of the research, using semi-structured interviews and studying different texts by theme analysis method, 33 sub-categories were identified and classified into four categories: behavioral, communication, knowledge and institutional. In the quantitative part of the research, triangular fuzzy numbers have been used to fuzzy the experts' point of view. Then the questionnaire was prepared based on the presented model and distributed to 133 statistical population (sample of 98 people). Based on the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, considering that the significance value of at least one of the variables was less than the error level (0.05), so the data distribution was not normal. Due to the lack of sensitivity to the default normality of the data, smart pls software is the best structural equation software to run the model. The research model tested using the partial least squares technique. Then, to check the quality or validity of the model, a validity check used, which includes a subscription validity index and a redundancy validity index. The fit indices of the research model are positive and greater than zero, and then the model has acceptable quality and validity. The value of GOF index is 0.611, which is a strong index and shows the high quality of the model. Findings. After semi-structured interviews with experts and a study, injuries identified. Then 170 keywords and phrases were extracted through theme analysis and 33 indicators discovered through coding and classified into four groups. Four hypotheses the significant effect of the four cognitive, behavioral, communicative and institutional harms with strategic planning with a probability of 0.95 was not rejected. Finally, the analysis of the current and favorable status gap performed by distributing another questionnaire in the target population, which according to the results, there was a significant gap between the status and the desired four factors. The intensity of the effect of knowledge factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.166 and the probability statistic of the test is 3.518, which is greater than the critical value of t at the error level of 5%, i.e. 1.96 and shows that the observed effect is significant. . Therefore, with 95% confidence, the knowledge factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. The intensity of the effect of the behavioral factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.259 and the probability statistic of the test is 2.358, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level of 1.96 and shows a significant effect. Is. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the behavioral factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Therefore, the intensity of the effect of the communication factor on strategic planning calculated equal to 0.412 and the probability statistic of the test obtained 4.448, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and shows the observed effect. It is meaningful. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the communication factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Finally, the intensity of the effect of the institutional factor on strategic planning is equal to 0.491 and the probability statistic of the test is 8.727, which shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the managerial institutional factor has a significant effect on strategic planning.Discussion and Conclusion. Dissatisfaction with today's Iranian cities is a common experience of citizens, professionals and managers. The popular view of this issue is only looking for a solution to it. However, the city is the supreme product of human civilization, which emerges under the influence of innumerable components, and accepting the excessive influence of one factor in this field is in fact a kind of neglect of the issue. Among the important factors affecting the construction of Iranian cities, the system governing the preparation, approval and management of urban development plans has a significant share. The power structure in society, managers 'view of citizens' rights, city space in the eyes of people and decision makers, city maps and other such components play an important role in explaining how and what the planning system is. Examining the factors affecting strategic planning in general indicates the distance of the strategic planning system. The desired conditions achieved by correcting the injuries identified in this study through related organizations. According to the research results, the model presented in this study consists of four factors and a total of 33 indicators were identified, which were divided into four categories of knowledge with 4 indicators, behavioral with 10 indicators, communication with 8 indicators and institutional with 11 indicators. This model was the basis model for analyzing the current and desired situation. After performing the gap analysis, 26 indicators identified as damage because the current situation of these indicators is a significant distance from the desired situation and is far from the desired situation. The share of knowledge factors is three indicators, behavioral factors are eight indicators, communication factors are 6 indicators and institutional factors are nine indicators.

Miscanthus × giganteus demonstrated good phytostabilization potentials by decreasing the trace elements (T.E.s) mobility and enhancing the degraded soil quality. Nevertheless, most of the published work was performed under controlled conditions in ex situ pot experiments and/or with soils being spiked. Hence, data about the plant’s tolerance to increased T.E. concentrations in real conditions is still scarce and requires further investigation. For this sake, a field experiment was established by cultivating miscanthus plants in three different agricultural plots representing gradient trace element (Cd, Pb and Zn) concentrations. Another uncontaminated plot was also introduced. Results showed that T.E. concentrations in the leaves were tolerable to the plant. In addition, no variations were detected between the miscanthus cultivated in the contaminated and uncontaminated soils at the level of antioxidant enzymatic activities (ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids), and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins). These outcomes validate the high capacity of miscanthus to resist and tolerate contaminated conditions. Such results may contribute to further understanding of the miscanthus tolerance mechanisms.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered as low-cost and energy-efficient wastewater treatment systems. Media selection is one of the essential technical keys for their implementation. The purpose of this work was essentially to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollution and nitrogen from municipal wastewater (MWW) using different selected media (gravel/gravel amended with granulated cork) in mesocosm horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs). The results showed that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen removal of 80.53% and 42%, respectively, were recorded in the units filled with gravel amended with cork. The influence of macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia) was studied and both species showed steeper efficiencies. The system was operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) i.e., 6 h, 24 h, 30 h, and 48 h. The obtained results revealed that the COD removal efficiency was significantly enhanced by up to 38% counter to the ammonium rates when HRT was increased from 6 h to 48 h. Moreover, the removal efficiency of two endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) namely, bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DCF) was investigated in two selected HFCWs, at 48 h HRT. The achieved results proved the high capacity of cork for BPA and DCF removal with the removal rates of 90.95% and 89.66%, respectively. The results confirmed the role of these engineered systems, especially for EDC removal, which should be further explored.

Biochar is known to be a promising material for the treatment of contaminants in wastewater and soil. In this research, wastewater samples collected at the tertiary stage from a WWTP located in the North Bohemia region of Czechia and containing 20 pharmaceutical contaminants were treated with the same biochar (wood and maize cob feedstocks, pyrolysis temperature of 470 °C), but of different doses (0.1 g L−1, 0.25 g L−1, 0.5 g L−1). In this case study, we aimed to verify the impacts of biochar application and/or concentration on the sorption of pharmaceuticals in water. The treated water was later used for irrigating planted (ryegrass taken as the plant model) and unplanted agricultural soils in a pot experiment. Soils and ryegrass samples were examined again for potential pharmaceutical existence, and the soil microbial activities were determined through fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activities (FDHA). Results showed that most pharmaceuticals concentrations were significantly, but not totally, reduced from the wastewater upon biochar addition. Contaminants such as 3-hydroxycarbamazepine and metoprolol were entirely removed from the wastewater after 0.25 g L−1, whilst bezafibrate did not decline even at 0.5 g L−1. Moreover, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in ryegrass biomass and soils were dominantly below detection limits or at very low doses. Finally, there were no significant differences in the microbial activities of the soils. This implicates that biochar could be approached as a good substrate for eliminating pharmaceuticals from wastewaters used for agricultural irrigation; however, more similar studies need to be carried out.

Abstract Historically, whether for research purposes or clinical monitoring, orthodontic evaluation of dental movements has been done using plaster study models and two dimensional (2D) radiographs. However, new frontiers for the diagnosis, planning and outcome assessment of orthodontic treatments have arisen, due to the revolutionary digital tools which enable a three dimensional (3D) computerized analysis of dental movements by means of digital models. However, the software for 3D analysis are often costly, resulting in limited access to orthodontists. The present study aims to describe, through a clinical case presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, a method for the superimposition of maxillary digital models using an open-source software to evaluate dental movements.

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5–9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography. Tomographic volumetric measurements and dichotomic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis (obstructed vs. non-obstructed) in three anatomical regions (the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx) were compared and correlated. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the association between the 3D measurements of the upper airways and the otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of obstruction in the three anatomical regions. Inter- and intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the 3D measurements. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. An association was found between turbinate hypertrophy and nasal cavity volume reduction (p

Phytomanagement is proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly suggestion for sustainable use of large metal-contaminated areas. In the current work, the energy crop miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) was grown in ex situ conditions on agricultural soils presenting a Cd, Pb and Zn contamination gradient. After 93 days of culture, shoot and root growth parameters were measured. Soils and plants were sampled as well to study the TE accumulation in miscanthus and the effects of this plant on TE mobility in soils. Results demonstrated that miscanthus growth depended more on the soils silt content rather than TE-contamination level. Moreover, soil organic carbon at T93 increased in the soils after miscanthus cultivation by 25.5–45.3%, whereas CaCl2-extractible TEs decreased due to complex rhizosphere processes driving plant mineral uptake, and organic carbon inputs into the rhizosphere. In the contaminated soils, miscanthus accumulated Cd, Pb and Zn mainly in roots (BCF in roots: Cd '' Zn > Pb), while strongly reducing the transfer of these elements from soil to all organs and from roots to rhizomes, stems and leaves (average TFs: 0.01–0.06, 0.11–1.15 and 0.09–0.79 corresponding to Cd, Pb and Zn respectively). Therefore, miscanthus could be considered a TE-excluder, hence a potential candidate crop for coupling phytostabilization and biomass production on the studied Metaleurop TE-contaminated soils.

We examined the effects of a nitrogen side-feed on the surface nitriding of a Ti plate. Surface nitriding of the Ti plate was performed by fiber laser irradiation, thus producing a hardened TiN layer. Two different nitrided areas (rough part and smooth part) could be formed on the surface of the Ti plate by changing the flow of the nitrogen. The roughness, microstructure, chemical composition, and phase composition of the two different nitride areas were analyzed with 3D-SEM, OM, XRD, EPMA, and EBSD. The cross-sectional microstructure, as observed, can be clearly divided into three parts: a modified layer which includes a film and a dendrite, a heat-affected zone (HAZ), and a substrate. In particular, the EBSD analysis shows that the crystal orientation of the smooth part is highly consistent, the preferential growth direction of the crystal is the main and the crystal grain size is large. The crystal orientation of the rough part is low in consistency, in addition to the preferential growth direction, other directions can also grow sufficiently, and the crystal grain size is small. The hardness test was performed on the cross-section of the nitride areas, revealing that the hardness of rough part and smooth part was 8 times that of the substrate.

The positive impact on restoring soil functionality, decreasing toxic elements (TE) bioaccessibility, and enhancing soil physicochemical and biological parameters established a consensus on considering a Miscanthus × giganteus convenient species for phytomanaging wide TE contaminated areas. Nevertheless, information about the plant’s mode of reaction to elevated soil multi-TE concentrations is still scarce. For the sake of investigating the miscanthus response to stressful TE concentrations, an ex-situ pot experiment was initiated for 18 months, with three miscanthus cultivars referred to as B, U, and A planted in soils with gradient Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations. A non-contaminated control soil was introduced as well, and plants were cultivated within. Results revealed that the long exposure to increasing soil TE concentrations caused the number of tillers per plant to decline and the TE concentrations in the leaves to boost progressively with the soil contamination. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) were negatively affected as well. However, the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, along with the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase elevated progressively with the TE concentration and exposure duration. Conclusively, miscanthus plants demonstrated an intensified and synchronized antioxidative activity against the TE concentration.

Abstract Background Steep Trendelenburg during surgery has been associated with many position-related injuries. The American Society of Anesthesiology practice advisory recommends documentation, frequent position checks, avoiding shoulder braces, and limiting abduction of upper extremities to avoid brachial plexopathy. We conducted a web-based survey to assess anesthesiologists’ practices, institutional policies, and complications encountered when using steep Trendelenburg. Methods Two thousand fifty randomly selected active members of the American Society of Anesthesiology were invited via email to participate in a 9-item web-based survey. Results are reported as absolute numbers and proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Survey response rate was 290 of 2050 (14.1%). 44.6% (95% CI, 38.9–50.3) of the respondents documented anesthesia start and finish, 73.9% (95% CI, 68.8–79) frequently checked positioning during surgery, 30.8% (95% CI, 25.4–36.2) reported using shoulder braces, 66.9% (95% CI, 61.5–72.3) tucked patients’ arms to the side, 54.0% (95% CI, 48.2–59.8) limited fluid administration, and more than two-thirds did not limit the duration or inclination angle. Notably, 63/290 (21.7%) reported a complication and only 6/289 (2.1%) had an institutional policy. The most common complication was airway and face edema, second was brachial plexus injury, and third was corneal abrasions. Most institutional policies, when present, focused on limiting duration of steep Trendelenburg and communication with surgical team. Only 1/6 policies required avoiding use of shoulder braces. Conclusion Based on survey results, practices related to steep Trendelenburg varied among USA anesthesiologists. Differences included protective measures, documentation, positioning techniques, fluid management, and institutional guidelines. The singular commonality found among all respondents was lack of institutional policies. Survey results highlighted the need for institutional policies and more education.

Francisco Bandeira,1 Merce Morral,2 Daniel Elies,2,3 Sergio Eguiza,2 Spyridoula Souki,2 Felicidad Manero,2 Jose L Güell2–4 1Cornea and External Disease Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Instituto Microcirugia Ocular, Barcelona, Spain; 3European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO), Lugano, Switzerland; 4Ophthalmology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain Synopsis: Transitional toric intraocular lens (IOL) was developed to improve refractive outcomes in cataract surgery. We report refractive, vectorial outcomes, and stability of spherical equivalent over 12 months after implantation of this IOL.Purpose: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes of a transitional conic toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Precizon®) for the correction of corneal astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery.Setting: The Ocular Microsurgery Institute (IMO), a private practice in Barcelona, Spain.Design: This is a retrospective, non-randomized study.Methods: Retrospective chart review of 156 patients with preoperative regular corneal astigmatism >0.75 diopters (D) who underwent consecutive phacoemulsification and Precizon toric IOL implantation between January 2014 and December 2015 was performed. Two groups were divided according to attempted residual refraction: group 1 with emmetropia and group 2 with mild myopia for monovision. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refraction were analyzed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: Precizon toric IOL was implanted in 97 eyes of 61 patients. Six months postoperatively, none of the eyes lost any line of CDVA. In all, 98% of the eyes were within ±1.00 D of attempted spherical correction. The mean preoperative keratometric cylinder was 1.92 ± 1.04 D (range 0.75–6.78), and the mean postoperative refractive cylinder was 0.77 ± 0.50 D (range 0–2.25), with 81% of the eyes with ≤1.00 D of residual cylinder. Two IOLs required realignment due to intraoperative positioning error. Eleven eyes required enhancement with corneal refractive surgery.Conclusion: Preexisting regular corneal astigmatism was effectively and safely corrected by the implantation of the transitional conic toric IOL in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Keywords: corneal astigmatism, refractive astigmatism, keratometry, cataract surgery, toric intraocular lens, biometry, phacoemulsification

Miscanthus × giganteus demonstrated good phytostabilization potentials in toxic element (TE) contaminated soils. However, information about its tolerance to elevated concentrations is still scarce. Therefore, an ex-situ pot experiment was launched using three cultivars (termed B, U, and A) grown in soils with a gradient Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. Control plants were also cultivated in non-contaminated soil. Results show that the number of tillers per plant, stem diameter as well as leaf photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) were negatively impacted by soil contamination. On the other hand, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins levels along with the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased in the plants grown on contaminated soils. Altogether, these data demonstrate that miscanthus is impacted by concentrations of toxic elements yet is able to tolerate high levels of soil contamination. These results may contribute to clarifying the miscanthus tolerance strategy against high contamination levels and its efficiency in phytoremediation.

Abstract Background The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the sagittal mandibular response induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy in mixed dentition patients with class II malocclusion, comparing the effects of bonded RME and banded RME with a matched untreated class II control group. Methods This RCT was designed in parallel with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1. The sample consisted of 30 children with a mean age of 8.1 ± 0.6 years who were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 treated with bonded RME, group 2 treated with banded RME, and group 3 the untreated control group. All patients met the following inclusion criteria: early mixed dentition, class II molar relationship, transverse discrepancy ≥ 4 mm, overjet ≥ 5 mm, and prepubertal skeletal maturity stage (CS1–CS2). The expansion screw was activated one quarter of a turn per day (0.25 mm) until overcorrection was reached. For each subject, lateral cephalograms and plaster casts were obtained before treatment (T1) and after 1 year (T2). A randomization list was created for the group assignment, with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1. The observer who performed all the measurements was blinded to group assignment. The study was single-blinded in regard to statistical analysis. Results RME was effective in the correction of maxillary deficiency. Class II patients treated with both types of RME showed no significant improvement of the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and the mandible at both skeletal and occlusal levels. The acrylic splint RME had significant effects on reducing the skeletal vertical dimension and the gonial angle. Conclusions The orthopedic expansion did not affect the sagittal relationship of class II patients treated in the early mixed dentition when compared with the untreated control group. Additional studies with a larger sample are warranted to elucidate individual variations in dento-skeletal mandibular response to the maxillary expansion protocol in class-II-growing patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03159962.

Bioenergy crops such as Miscanthus × giganteus are foreseeable as an alternative source to replace fossil fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They are also assessed as an environment-friendly solution for polluted, marginal and low-quality agricultural soils. Several studies had been launched on soil organic carbon sequestration potentials of miscanthus culture along with its impacts on restoring soil functionality, most of which focus on the long-term basis of the plant’s cultivation. Nevertheless, information concerning the short term impacts as well as the situation in Czechia is still scarce. In this context, a field experiment was launched in 2017 in a poor-quality agricultural land in the city of Chomutov (North-Western Czechia) to compare the impacts of the perennial C4 miscanthus with an annual C3 forage crop (wheat) on the soil carbon stocks as well as enhancing its functionality. Results through the 0–30 cm soil profile examination showed that miscanthus plants played a role in improving the studied soil physico-chemical (bulk density and soil organic carbon concentrations) and biological (Phospholipid fatty acids stress indicator, basal respiration and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity) parameters. The naturally occurring δ13C concentrations were used to evaluate the direct plant contribution to the total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and revealed considerable miscanthus contribution all over the detected soil layers (1.98 ± 0.21 Mg C. ha−1 yr−1) after only 3 growing seasons. It is thus suggested that the C4 perennial miscanthus possess remarkable prospects for SOC sequestration and restoring degraded lands.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi identificar a percepção da imagem do farmacêutico, a qual foi subdivida em quatro dimensões: cognitiva, funcional, simbólica e emocional, baseadas nos modelos de Lindqvist (1974) e Stern, Zinkhan e Jaju (2001). Fez-se uma pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas com 23 stakeholders (médicos, enfermeiros, fonoaudiólogo, fisioterapeuta, terapeuta ocupacional, discentes e docentes de Farmácia, farmacêuticos, usuários, entre outros) relacionados à profissão de farmacêutico. Os resultados indicam que para a dimensão funcional não há uma imagem específica do farmacêutico quanto aos aspectos tangíveis, pois a inseparabilidade exerce maior relevância na prestação de serviços. Para a dimensão cognitiva, os resultados apontam que não existe uma percepção clara de em que consiste a profissão e nem de suas atribuições. Na dimensão emocional a imagem do farmacêutico diz respeito às emoções evocadas antes, durante e após a prestação de um serviço. A dimensão simbólica mostrou que o farmacêutico tem significados que são representações assistencialistas e que remetem ao profissional como fonte confiável de informação. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo podem ser empregados como norteadores para futuras ações estratégicas pelos conselhos regionais de farmácia de cada unidade federativa do Brasil e, principalmente, do Conselho Federal de Farmácia para um melhor posicionamento da imagem do profissional farmacêutico no mercado, podendo gerar maior satisfação no exercício da atividade pelo farmacêutico e uma possível valorização desse profissional para a sociedade. Ao final, faz-se uma análise comparativa entre a imagem do farmacêutico e as imagens de outros profissionais. Palavras-chave: Imagem. Imagem profissional. Farmacêutico. Dimensões da imagem. Profissional de saúde. Professional image: a study about the pharmacist Abstract The objective in this work was to identify the Pharmacist image perception, which was subdivided into four dimensions: cognitive, functional, symbolic and emotional, based on Lindqvist’s (1974) and Stern, Zinkhan and Jaju’s (2001) models. There was an exploratory research through interviews with 23 stakeholders (physicians, nurses, speech therapist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, Pharmacy students and teachers, Pharmacists, users, etc.) related to the Pharmacist profession. The results indicate that for the functional dimension there is a specific image pharmacist about the tangible aspects because the inseparability exerts greater relevance in the services provision. For the cognitive dimension, the results indicate that there is not a clear perception of what the profession is nor of its duties. In the emotional dimension of the Pharmacist image comes to emotions evoked before, during and after the service provision. The symbolic dimension showed that the Pharmacist has meanings that are welfare representations and that refer to the professional as a reliable information source. The results can be used as guidelines for future strategic actions by regional pharmacy councils in each federal unit in Brazil and especially of the Federal Pharmacy Council for better positioning of the pharmaceutical professional image in the market and it can generate better satisfaction in the activity performance by the Pharmacist and a possible valorization of this professional to society. At the end, is held it a comparative analysis between the pharmacist’s image and other professions als’ ones. Keywords: Image. Professional image. Pharmacist. Image dimensions. Healthcare professional.

Objective:To test the following two hypotheses regarding the consequences of Herbst appliance (HA) insertion: 1) a significant clockwise mandibular rotation will occur and 2) the displacement of the condyles will follow the same magnitude of the changes of overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB).Methods:Virtual 3D surface models of 25 patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomographs taken before treatment and immediately after HA insertion. Scans were registered on the cranial base and were analyzed using point-to-point measurements, color-coded maps, and semitransparent overlays. Statistical tests included correlation and simple regression analysis.Results:Pitch rotation, ranging from −2.2° to 2.2° (mean, 0.2°), was observed in clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Condylar sagittal displacement presented a positive correlation with OJ changes. Each millimeter of OJ correction resulted in an anterior condylar displacement of approximately 0.95 mm. Vertical condylar displacement correlated with OB changes and varied mostly between 2 mm and 4.5 mm.Conclusion:Immediately after HA insertion, no significant clockwise mandibular rotation was observed. The condyles were displaced anteriorly and inferiorly. Condylar anterior displacement and OJ correction presented a ratio close to 1:1. The vertical displacement of the condyles did not follow the same magnitude of OB changes.

Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) resection has important anesthetic management implications, particularly when tumor extends, suprahepatic, into the right atrium. Use of transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is essential in identifying tumor extension and guiding resection. Latest surgical approach avoids venovenous and cardiopulmonary bypass yet requires special precautions and interventions on the anesthesiologist's part. We present a case of Level IV RCC resected without cardiopulmonary bypass and salvaged by TEE guidance and detection of residual intracardiac tumor.

O reaparecimento das ideias libertárias despertou o interesse por compreender a única experiência histórica onde o anarquismo foi governo e que tem servido de inspiração a novos movimentos sociais urbanos no Brasil. Este artigo discute a presença da cultura libertária em Barcelona hoje, como marca das experiências cooperativas e assembleístas oriundas dos bairros e que se mesclaram em uma combinação inédita com a Confederação Nacional do Trabalho, a CNT. O material utilizado se baseia na bibliografia e arquivos pertinentes e em entrevistas com especialistas. Também foram ouvidos os frequentadores de ateneus e ativistas de cooperativas. Hoje os princípios do anarquismo se encontram nos ateneus, outrora núcleos de formação e hoje lugar de convivência e cultura, e nas cooperativas.

The objective of this study was to understand the role of marketing, from research to commercialization of technologies in Brazilian public universities. To that end, an online survey was conducted, involving 236 academicians associated with in Brazilian public universities. The data obtained were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and descriptive statistics. The results revealed the low utilization of proactive market analyses in Brazilian public universities, as well as the limited integration of marketing through interaction with companies. The strategic orientation prevalent in BPUs was geared to technology, at the expense of relationships with society and the market. An entrepreneurial orientation was not observed. The actions to promote or encourage the transfer of Brazilian public universities technologies to the market proved timid. Finally, there were several obstacles to the implementation of marketing in Brazilian public universities, characterizing the so called marketing myopia.

The present study sought to describe the image that potential customers, current customers and former customers have regarding the exchange of language courses, based on three (cognitive, symbolic and emotional) of the four dimensions of the classification proposed by De Toni, Milan and Schuler (2004, 2005). To do so, it was opted for using the qualitative method, by means of 45 in-depth interviews with such groups of customers. During the interviews, the technique of drawings construction was used, which had the purpose to illustrate the content of the interviews. Furthermore, the information obtained was analyzed through the technique of content analysis for thematic units. The results show that the cognitive dimension can be classified into three broad categories: (a) the reasons that lead people to make language courses exchanges; (b) Sources of information and groups of influence on the decision for language courses exchange; and (c) the criteria used for the choice of countries of destination for language courses exchange. Whereas in the symbolic dimension, the following categories were obtained: a) Growth and personal maturity; (b) social status; c) Adventure, fun and challenge; d) identity, freedom and independence; (e) new and different experiences. Finally, the emotional dimension can be divided into the following categories: a) Emotions and positive expectations; (b) negative emotions and frustration of expectations; (c) Resources for the management of emotions; d) emotions related to the mechanism of sacrifice-reward.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a percepção da imagem da profissão de farmacêutico com outras profissões da área da saúde, sendo a imagem analisada em quatro dimensões: cognitiva, funcional, simbólica e emocional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas envolvendo diversos stakeholders para avaliar a imagem do farmacêutico e análise de estudos de imagem da profissão de fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e psicologia. Os resultados indicam que para a dimensão funcional não há uma imagem específica do farmacêutico quanto aos aspectos tangíveis, quando comparado às demais profissões pesquisadas. Para a dimensão cognitiva, os resultados apontam que não existe uma percepção clara do que consistem as profissões e nem de suas atribuições. Na dimensão emocional a imagem das profissões diz respeito às emoções evocadas antes, durante e após a prestação de um serviço com predominância para as emoções positivas. A dimensão simbólica mostrou que as profissões são representações assistencialistas. Para a sociedade somente o médico é visto como referência quando se trata do cuidado à saúde.

The expansion of undergraduate education in Brazil caused the growth of vacancies up demand, raising the need to better understand how students choose where to study. The objectives of this research are to identify the attributes considered for such a choice and the ability of such attributes explain the belief of students have taken the right decision. To meet these objectives it was done a survey based on a cross sectional sample of 1,823 students. The results showed that the "belief of having made the right decision" rests primarily on the "image of the institution" and "low". The "image of the institution" was explained by "teachers and quality of teaching", "status", "tradition and recognition", "professional and personal success", "accessibility of location", "infrastructure", "extracurricular activities" and the "feasibility of implementing graduation." These and other attributes were identified and presented in the hypothetical model proposed.

Maxillary second molar impaction in the adjacent ectopic third molar is a rare condition that practitioners might face in the field of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. The early diagnosis and extraction of the adjacent ectopic third molar have been advocated, and prior research has reported a high rate of spontaneous eruption following third molar removal. However, some challenges in the daily practice are that the early diagnosis of this type of tooth impaction is difficult with conventional radiographic examination, and sometimes the early surgical removal of the maxillary third molar must be postponed because of the risks of damaging the second molar. The objective of this study is to report a case series of five young patients with maxillary second molar impaction and to discuss the difficulty of early diagnosis with the conventional radiographic examination, and unpredictability of self-correction.

The expansion of undergraduate education in Brazil caused the growth of vacancies updemand, raising the need to better understand how students choose where to study. Theobjectives of this research are to identify the attributes considered for such a choice and theability of such attributes explain the belief of students have taken the right decision. To meetthese objectives it was done a survey based on a cross sectional sample of 1,823 students. Theresults showed thatthe "belief of having made the right decision" rests primarily on the"image of the institution" and "low". The "image of the institution" was explained by"teachers and quality of teaching", "status", "tradition and recognition", "professional andpersonal success", "accessibility of location", "infrastructure", "extracurricular activities" andthe "feasibility of implementing graduation." These and other attributes were identified andpresented in the hypothetical model proposed.

We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient with a history of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis who presented with congestive heart failure caused by atrial fibrillation associated with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. This is the first case of the combination of these complex conditions. Clinical conditions in a patient with isolated ACTH deficiency and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis can be variable. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to establish a diagnosis. The mechanism underlying heart failure may be complex in some cases. Various conditions can affect patients simultaneously. Therefore, making a proper diagnosis is necessary to improve the patient′s prognosis.

Dowry or marriage portion is a property that a wife owns after marriage and the spouse is obliged to pay to his wife. Since marriage portion rules are not explicitly stipulated in Iranian civil law, the writer article makes an attempt to answer whether a third party other than the husband can be in doubted to undertake the responsibility of paying the dowry. Therefore, in case of divorce if the wife is obliged to pay the dowry back, to whom should it be paid? The husband or the third party. The third party's obligation to pay dowry can be one of the stipulations in a marriage contract or a separate agreement is to be signed, but undoubtedly consent of both couples and the third party is necessary. The present research shows that in some cases after a divorce the wife is charged with the duty to pay half of or all of the dowry to the third party, because it was the third party who had paid the dowry in the first place to relinquish the claim, not to hold the possession of it. Since after a divorce half of the waived right is to be restituted, it must be given back to the person who had paid the dowry.

Cedrela es un género de árboles de la familia Meliaceae, ampliamente distribuido en el neotrópico. Se evaluaron las afinidades morfológicas mediante un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y se elaboró una clave para la diferenciación taxonómica de las especies. Los resultados del análisis de componentes principales mostraron que las características empleadas para la segregación de las especies de Cedrela aportaron información para establecer las relaciones fenéticas entre ellas, con tres especies definidas.

O crescimento da indústria de software é um fato notável, fruto do desenvolvimento da tecnologia de informação e também da informatização dos negócios, dentre outros fatores. Porém, são poucos os estudos contemplando aspectos gerenciais dessa indústria e mais ainda, abordando o comportamento do comprador e do usuário de software. Diante disso, com a presente pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento do cliente de software aplicativo. Por meio de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, foram pesquisadas as etapas do comportamento do consumidor: reconhecimento da necessidade; busca de informação; avaliação de alternativas e compra. Os resultados mostram que as maiores motivações para a compra recaem sobre necessidades das próprias empresas, as fontes de informação mais procuradas são as referências, os responsáveis pela decisão são os diretores, os aspectos relevantes na avaliação são ligados ao suporte técnico, com relação ao fornecedor ou representante e segurança, com relação ao software, e a compra ocorreu a menos de 2 anos, de fornecedores nacionais.

A growing number of surgical patients present to the operating room with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). Peri-operative care of these patients dictates that ICD function be suspended for many surgical procedures to avoid inappropriate, and possibly harmful, ICD therapy triggered by electromagnetic interference (EMI). An alternative to reprogramming the ICD is the use of a magnet to temporarily suspend its function. However, this approach is not without complications. We report a case where magnet use failed to inhibit ICD sensing of EMI, and a shock was delivered to the patient. Measures to decrease EMI, controversies regarding magnet use, and expert recommendations are discussed.

L'hydatidose est la cestodose humaine la plus fréquente. La localisation pulmonaire vient au 2ème rang des localisations viscérales après la localisation hépatique. L'imagerie joue un rôle important dans le diagnostic et le bilan d'extension. Elle renseigne sur le nombre, le siège, l'aspect et la taille des kystes hydatiques pulmonaires. Le but de notre observation consiste à soulever une stratégie diagnostique hiérarchisée devant une présentation radiologique particulière d'un kyste hydatique pulmonaire bilatérale.

The aim was to evaluate three regions of reference (Björk, Modified Björk and mandibular Body) for mandibular registration testing them in a patients' CBCT sample.Mandibular 3D volumetric label maps were built from CBCTs taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2) in a sample of 16 growing subjects and labeled with eight landmarks. Registrations of T1 and T2 images relative to the different regions of reference were performed, and 3D surface models were generated. Seven mandibular dimensions were measured separately for each time-point (T1 and T2) in relation to a stable reference structure (lingual cortical of symphysis), and the T2-T1 differences were calculated. These differences were compared to differences measured between the superimposed T2 (generated from different regions of reference: Björk, Modified Björk and Mandibular Body) over T1 surface models. ICC and the Bland-Altman method tested the agreement of the changes obtained by nonsuperimposition measurements from the patients' sample, and changes between the overlapped surfaces after registration using the different regions of reference.The Björk region of reference (or mask) did work properly only in 2 of 16 patients. Evaluating the two other masks (Modified Björk and Mandibular body) on patients' scans registration, the concordance and agreement of the changes obtained from superimpositions (registered T2 over T1) compared to results obtained from non superimposed T1 and T2 separately, indicated that Mandibular Body mask displayed more consistent results.The mandibular body mask (mandible without teeth, alveolar bone, rami and condyles) is a reliable reference for 3D regional registration.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as articulações da cultura política tradicional, entendida como "Cultura Cívica", e da "Nova Cultura Política" (NCP), enquanto conviventes no mesmo espaço metropolitano. A questão central do trabalho é saber se faz sentido, em um país com pouco tempo de existência da democracia, e com as características do Brasil, elaborar um conceito para apreender a NCP que seja adaptado às nossas idiossincrasias. Esse esforço envolverá uma discussão teórica e metodológica sobre o conceito de cultura política, assim como sobre a adequação da nova concepção de NCP a uma cultura metropolitana de tradição democrática recente.The aim of this paper is to examine the articulations of the traditional political culture, understood as "civic culture", and of the "New Political Culture" (NPC), while cohabiting the same metropolitan area. The central question is whether it makes sense, in a country, like Brazil, with little time of existing democracy, to develop a concept to capture the NCP that is adapted to our idiosyncrasies. This effort will involve a theoretical and methodological discussion on the concept of political culture, as well as a discussion on the adequacy of new design of the NCP to a metropolitan culture of recent democratic tradition.

The profile of Fernando Birri, Argentine filmmaker, is here drawnconsidering his poetic performance as a filmmaker, poet, writer, educator and theorist.

In the publication of this article (1) there is an error in the Methods section.

Desde el año 2003 el Estado venezolano viene trazando diferentes estrategias en la búsqueda de potenciar la sinergia institucional y la participación comunitaria para garantizar el acceso a la educación universitaria a todos los bachilleres sin cupo y superar su condición de excluidos de ese subsistema de educación. En ese marco se definió la Misión Sucre. El presente artículo examina dos aspectos de la misma: a) el perfil de la población estudiantil incorporada y b) la opinión que sobre la ejecución de la Misión Sucre en el municipio Maracaibo tienen sus actores más inmediatos (estudiantes, profesores y coordinadores de aldeas universitarias). Para ello se revisaron documentos oficiales y se aplicaron cuestionarios auto-administrados y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a una muestra probabilística de los actores. Se concluye que la Misión Sucre, en gran parte, ha cumplido el objetivo de incorporar a los bachilleres que anteriormente no habían sido admitidos en la educación universitaria, y que los actores involucrados opinan que se han logrado implementar nuevos modelos educativos.

Costumer relationship and the comprehension of their behavior is a crucial factor for efficient market performance. A web survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of perceived quality upon attitudes and behavioral intentions of electrical power consumers. The model was evaluated using structural equation techniques. The survey was performed among 922 commercial and industrial consumers. We verified that Commitment, with Value (and Perceived Quality), Satisfaction and Confidence as its antecedents, should be monitored and incremented. The hypothesis that quality determines the satisfaction of the concessionaire’s customers was confirmed, as Satisfaction exerts significant impact upon behavioral intentions of customers regarding the concessionaire. This research contributes by proposing a marketing relationship model in a BtoB context, a semi-monopoly scenario (which is rare). In addition, it suggests actions and quality variables considered by customers in their company evaluations, indicating important managerial implications.

Visando a complexidade da análise da formação e gestão das alianças estratégicas empregando somente uma abordagem teórica, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar a complementaridades entre as teorias da dependência de recursos, da economia industrial e das estratégicas colaborativas na busca da proposição de um modelo interativo para análise de suas formações e gestões. Como estratégia de pesquisa, utilizou-se a técnica de metatriangulação. Após o intenso levantamento da revisão da literatura das três teorias, foi possível identificar a partir das nuances de cada uma seus pontos de convergências e de divergência. Dentre os principais resultados alcançados, identificou-se que: com o modelo interativo de análise sugerido foi possível enfocar distintos aspectos organizacionais, utilizando as teorias de maneiras e formas complementares.

The current concept for effective and efficient treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion prescribes that interceptive approach should be delivered during the pubertal growth stage. However, psychosocial issues and a greater risk of dental trauma are also factors that should be addressed when considering early Class II therapy. This paper reports a case of a patient that sought orthodontic treatment due to aesthetic discomfort with the incisors’ protrusion. Two previous treatments failed because patient’s collaboration with removable appliances was inadequate. Given his history of no collaboration and because the patient was in the prepubertal stage, it was decided to try a different approach in the third attempt of treatment. Traumatic injury protective devices were used during the prepubertal stage and followed by Herbst appliance and fixed multibrackets therapy during the pubertal stage, resulting in an adequate outcome and long-term stability.