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We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SNAH in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by performing nitric oxide (NO) assays, cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. SNAH inhibited the production of NO (nitric oxide), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. Additionally, 100 μM SNAH significantly inhibited total NO and ROS inhibitory activity by 93% (p < 0.001) and 34% (p < 0.05), respectively. Protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulated by LPS were also decreased by SNAH. Moreover, SNAH significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated the TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS mRNA expression upon LPS stimulation. In addition, 3–100 µM SNAH was not cytotoxic. Docking simulations and enzyme inhibitory assays with COX-2 revealed binding scores of −6.4 kcal/mol (IC50 = 47.8 μM) with SNAH compared to −11.1 kcal/mol (IC50 = 0.45 μM) with celecoxib, a known selective COX-2 inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that SNAH exerts anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of ROS and NO by COX-2 inhibition. Thus, SNAH may be useful as a pharmacological agent for treating inflammation-related diseases.

Les polyphénols du bois de chêne, extractibles et composés liés à la paroi végétale = lignines, lignanes, tanins et aldéhydes phénoliques, ont été envisagés au niveau moléculaire de leurs relations avec les propriétés physico-chimiques des bois : retrait, porosité, propriétés mécaniques. Des résultats originaux ont été aussi présentés concernant le fractionnement des polyphénols pariétaux, l'incrustation des parois par les tanins hydrolysables: acide ellagique associé à des fractions de lignine, ainsi que la formation d'aldéhydes phénoliques (vanilline, syringaldéhyde, aldéhydes coniférylique et sinapylique) par pyrolyse douce de la lignine. Des mécanismes réactionnels hypothétiques ont été suggérés. +++ Oak wood phenolics, extractives and cell wall linked compounds : lignins, lignans, tanins and phenolic aldehydes have been discussed, at the molecular level, in their relations with physico-chemical properties of wood = shrinking, permeability and mechanical properties. Unpublished results have been also reported concerning fractionnation of cell wall phenolics, incrustation of cell wall by tanins: ellagic acid associated with lignins fractions and formation of phenolic aldehydes (vanillin, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde) during mild pyrolysis of lignin in oak wood. Hypotherical reaction mechanism have been suggested.