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At present, for business lightning positioning systems, the classification of lightning discharge types is mostly based on lightning pulse signal features, and there is still a lot of room for improvement. We propose a lightning discharge classification method based on convolutional encoding features. This method utilizes convolutional neural networks to extract encoding features, and uses random forests to classify the extracted encoding features, achieving high accuracy discrimination for various lightning discharge events. Compared with traditional multi-parameter-based methods, the new method proposed in this paper has the ability to identify multiple lightning discharge events and does not require precise detailed feature engineering to extract individual pulse parameters. The accuracy of this method for identifying lightning discharge types in intra-cloud flash (IC), cloud-to-ground flash (CG), and narrow bipolar events (NBEs) is 97%, which is higher than that of multi-parameter methods. Moreover, our method can complete the classification task of lightning signals at a faster speed. Under the same conditions, the new method only requires 28.2 µs to identify one pulse, while deep learning-based methods require 300 µs. This method has faster recognition speed and higher accuracy in identifying multiple discharge types, which can better meet the needs of real-time business positioning.

Our previous studies showed that Salidroside (Sal), a glucoside of the phenylpropanoid tyrosol isolated from Rhodiola rosea L, alleviated severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by inhibiting inflammation. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Recent evidence has indicated a critical role of Sal in ameliorating inflammatory disorders by regulating pyroptosis. The present study aimed to explore the involvement of Sal and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of SAP and investigate the potential mechanism. The effects of Sal on pyroptosis were first evaluated using SAP rat and cell model. Our results revealed that Sal treatment significantly decreased SAP-induced pancreatic cell damage and pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro, as well as reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-1β and IL-18. Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH) online tool identified 4 genes (CASP3, AKT1, HIF1A and IL10) as candidate targets of Sal in both rattus norvegicus and homo sapiens. Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining validated that Sal treatment decreased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and NF-κB p65, as well as cleaved caspase-3 and N-terminal fragments of GSDME (GSDME-N), suggesting that Sal might suppress pyroptosis through inactivating Akt/NF-κB and Caspase-3/GSDME pathways. Furthermore, overexpression of AKT1 or CASP3 could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of Sal on cell injury and pyroptosis, while downregulation of AKT1 or CASP3 promoted the inhibitory effects of Sal. Taken together, our data indicate that Sal suppresses SAP-induced pyroptosis through inactivating Akt/NF-κB and Caspase-3/GSDME pathways.

Objectives: To investigate the protective effects of Salidroside (Sal) on AP cell model induced by taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S) as well as its underlying mechanism. Methods: AR42J cells were divided into normal group (N group), AP cell model group (Mod group), Sal treated alone group (S+N group) and Sal treated AP cell model group (S+Mod group). The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. Secretion of lipase and trypsin by AR42J cells, quantified using commercial assay kits, was used as the markers of TLC-S-induced pancreatitis. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 in the cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. The effect of Sal on molecules in the NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy was investigated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: The decreased cell viability in Mod group was increased by Sal (P 0.05). Conclusions: Sal alleviated AR42J cells injury induced by TLC-S, inhibited the inflammatory responses and modulated the autophagy, mainly through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Monitoring lightning and its location is important for understanding thunderstorm activity and revealing lightning discharge mechanisms. This is often realized based on very low-frequency/low-frequency (VLF/LF) signals, very high-frequency (VHF) signals, and optical radiation signals generated during the lightning discharge process. The development of lightning monitoring and location technology worldwide has largely evolved from a single station to multiple stations, from the return strokes (RSs) of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes to total lightning flashes, from total lightning flashes to lightning discharge channels, and from ground-based lightning observations to satellite-based lightning observations, all of which have aided our understanding of atmospheric electricity. Lightning monitoring and positioning technology in China has kept up with international advances. In terms of lightning monitoring based on VLF/LF signals, single-station positioning technology has been developed, and a nationwide CG lightning detection network has been built since the end of the twentieth century. Research on total lightning flash positioning technology began at the beginning of the 21st century, and precision total lightning flash positioning technology has improved significantly over the last 10 years. In terms of positioning technology based on VHF signals, narrowband interferometers and wideband interferometers have been developed, and long-baseline radiation source positioning technology and continuous interferometers have been developed over the last ten years, significantly improving the channel characterization ability of lightning locations. In terms of lightning monitoring based on optical signals, China has for the first time developed lightning mapping imagers loaded by geosynchronous satellites, providing an important means for large-scale and all-weather lightning monitoring.

Objectives. To observe the therapeutic effects of Acanthopanax and 3-methyladenine against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods. Sodium taurocholate-induced SAP rats were equally randomized into a SAP group, an Acanthopanax group, and a 3-methyladenine group. Serum amylase levels were determined by ELISA; protein and mRNA expression levels of nucleus nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, light chain 3II (LC3-II), and Beclin-1 and mRNA expression levels of Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) in pancreas tissue were detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively; mortality and pathological change of the pancreas were observed at 3, 12, and 24 h after operation. Results. There was no significant difference in mortality between SAP group and both treatment groups (P>0.05). Serum amylase levels, protein, and mRNA expression levels of nucleus NF-κB p65, LC3-II, and Beclin-1 protein, mRNA expression levels of PI3K-III, and pathological score of the pancreas in both treatment groups were significantly lower than those in SAP group at 12 and 24 h after operation (P