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The research focuses on the automatic annotation of a linguistic corpus using large language models (LLMs). Annotating a corpus is a crucial step in its creation, as it determines the practical scope and applications of the resource being developed. This study explores the annotation of oral speech transcripts at the pragmatic level using speech acts that reflect the speaker's intent and purpose. Typically, this task is performed manually by experts, which greatly limits the volume of annotated data that can be produced. In this work, an attempt was made to automatically annotate speech acts using five LLMs commonly used for processing Russian texts – ChatGPT, GigaCHAT, YandexGPT, Mistral, and Gemini. A comparative analysis of the automatic annotation results was conducted, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each model. . The findings suggest that employing LLMs for corpus annotation is a promising approach, with ChatGPT and Gemini demonstrating particular effectiveness in speech act categorization. However, for Russian, language-specific models like GigaCHAT and YandexGPT are preferred when language-specific information is needed.

Abstract Cesarean section for breech presentation is often recommended. However, cesarean section affects future reproduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mode of the first birth in breech on outcomes of the second birth and the two births together. This is a register-based nationwide cohort study including 23 062 women with a first singleton birth in breech ≥ 34 gestational weeks and a subsequent singleton birth in Sweden 2000–2019. Exposure was mode of first delivery. Main maternal outcome was a composite of fourth-degree perineal injury, postpartum hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, hysterectomy, or death. Main infant outcome was a composite of stillbirth, extremely preterm birth (

Introduction. The most important stage of pharmaceutical development of a generic drug is a clinical trial involving humans – a bioequivalence study. Considering the importance of finding rivaroxaban drugs in the list of vital and essential drugs, as part of ensuring technological sovereignty, the use of scientific robust and effective methods for determining the quality of the dosage form is required.Aim. Conduct a study of rivaroxaban tablets on a physiologically relevant tester to predict pharmacokinetic profiles.Materials and methods. The objects of the study are "Xarelto®, film-coated tablets, 10 mg" (series BXJS871, with an expiration date of October 31, 2024, Bayer AG, Germany), "Xarelto®, film-coated tablets, 20 mg" (series BXKDF32, with an expiration date of May 17, 2026, Bayer AG, Germany) and "Rivaroxaban, film-coated tablets, 10 mg" and "Rivaroxaban, film-coated tablets, 20 mg", domestically produced, with valid expiration dates. During the study, reagents were used to prepare dissolution media and perform quantitative determination. The physiologically relevant test was performed on the SC PRT-6 device (LLC "Scientific Compliance", Russia). The quantitative content of released rivaroxaban within the comparative dissolution kinetics test in a medium of 0.1 in a medium of 0.1 % sodium lauryl sulfate solution in a phosphate buffer solution pH 6.5 was carried out on a SF-2000 spectrophotometer (LLC "OKB Spektr", Russia). The quantitative content of released rivaroxaban within the comparative dissolution kinetics test in biorelevant dissolution media and physiological relevance test was assessed on a high-performance liquid chromatograph "Chromatec-Crystal HPLC 2014" (CJSC "Chromatec", Russia). Pharmacokinetic profiles were modeled in the PK-Sim® (Systems Biology Software Suite 11.2, Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Germany) program based on the data obtained within the physiologically relevant test. The clinical study of rivaroxaban tablets was a prospective, open-label, randomized, crossover, two-stage comparative study in two groups of volunteers with a single dose of drugs on the fast condition. The study randomized 30 healthy male volunteers aged 18–45 years.Results and discussion. A complex of in vitro tests was conducted, profiles were obtained that allow us to evaluate the dynamics and degree of release of the studied drugs in various parts of the human gastrointestinal tract. A comparison of the sequential and hybrid schemes for conducting the physiological relevance test was carried out. Within the framework of the set of tests, qualitative and quantitative correlation with the clinical trials data was observed only for the hybrid physiological relevance test scheme. Based on the results of physiological relevance test using different schemes, pharmacokinetic profiles for a pair of drugs were predicted and the prediction error was assessed.Conclusion. A set of scientific in vitro tests was conducted for the drugs "Xarelto®, film-coated tablets, 10 mg and 20 mg", "Rivaroxaban, film-coated tablets, 10 mg and 20 mg". Based on the physiological relevance test results, pharmacokinetic profiles for a pair of drugs were predicted with low error and high reliability. As part of the comparison of data obtained during clinical trial and modeling, the smallest prediction error was noted when performing physiological relevance test using a hybrid scheme.

Relevance. Aging is anatural biological process of aretrograde nature, during which there is an imbalance of all systems, including the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). And vascular aging is associated with functional and structural changes primarily in the arterial vasculature with age. Aging may be atrigger factor for pathological changes in the endothelium. The molecular mechanisms underlying the process of vascular endothelial dysfunction include increased expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases, the concentration of which changes with aging. Numerous studies report the role of MMP-1,–2,–9,–12 in the pathogenesis of premature aging of the endothelium; they initiate cell apoptosis, which contributes to increased permeability, but there are no studies in which all age categories of both men and women were analyzed, not burdened by somatic pathology. This study examines the features of the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system in apparently healthy people of different ages and genders.Materials and Methods.As part of the pilot study, 347 apparently healthy people took part (226 women and 121 men, divided by age, according to the WHO classification), who underwent the first stage of clinical examination at the State Budgetary Institution “Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Mountains. Yuzhno-­Sakhalinsk”, in which the level of MMP and TIMP in the blood serum was determined by solid-­phase ELISA, ng/ml. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 software package.Resultsand Discussion.Changes in the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system were determined in both agroup of men and women of different ages, which can be characterized as not pathological, but close to such. It was found that in men aged 60-74 years, discoordinated work of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors was recorded in the direction of enhancing the profibrosing effect, and in women in the same age category, the exact opposite component was identified—anti-fibrosing.Conclusion.The current development has demonstrated the influence of age and genetic resources on the system of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, in addition, aspecial age group has been identified—the elderly group, which requires protection of the vascular system in order to monitor the impaired proteolysis/antiproteolysis system.

Objective: to assess the prognostic significance of antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor and brain natriuretic propeptide (NTproBNP) as predictors of unfavorable neurological outcomes in premature children.Materials and methods: A prospective cohort continuous study included 151 premature children, with a gestational age (GA) of 26–32 weeks and a body weight of 590–1990 gr. The children were measured the quantitation of NTproBNP level in the cord blood and level of antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor in the blood serum on the 21st day of life. The division of children into groups was carried out in accordance with the assessment of neurological outcomes at control points of the research: 1 control point — at the time of discharge from the hospital, 2 control point — at the age of 1 year of corrected age (CA), 3 control point — 4 years of life.Results: in the course of the study, it was found a “cascade” increase in the cohort of children with unfavorable neurological outcomes from 36.4% at the time of discharge from the hospital to 70% by the age of 4 years. High values of NT-proBNP level in cord blood and antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor were established on 21st day of postnatal life in children with both macrostructural brain damages in the neonatal period and having an unfavorable neurological outcome at the age of 1 year of corrected age (CA) and at 4 years of life.Conclusion: modern neurochemical markers of CNS damages N-proBNP and antibodies to the NR2 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor open up the possibilities of early diagnosis of brain damages at the cellular level and the start of neuroprotective therapy to reduce neurological disability.

The dynamic development of technologies in highly automated vehicles requires the development of new methods for transmitting information on board a vehicle in a timely and efficient manner. In this regard, the direction of data transmission over the air is actively developing. The article considers cloud services that can be used for over-the-air updates in highly automated vehicles. The main, most used and additional cloud services are highlighted. The provider and client responsibility scheme for cloud services IaaS, PaaS, SaaS is presented. The aspects of security of cloud services are considered as one of the most important and priority tasks to prevent threats and protect personal data. Specific categories of over-the-air updates used in highly automated vehicles and adjacent infrastructure are presented and described. The process of releasing and installing firmware and software updates over-the-air on highly automated vehicles, their components and adjacent infrastructure is considered. The results obtained are oriented towards a deeper understanding of the over-the-air software upgrade process.

Transcription factor (TF)-based biosensors that connect small-molecule sensing with readouts such as fluorescence have proven to be useful synthetic biology tools for applications in biotechnology. However, the development of specific TF-based biosensors is hindered by the limited repertoire of TFs specific for molecules of interest since current construction methods rely on a limited set of characterized TFs. In this study, we present an approach for engineering the specificity of TFs through a computation-based workflow using molecular docking that enables targeted alteration of TF ligand specificity. Using this method, we engineer the LysR family BenM TF to alter its specificity from its cognate ligand cis,cis-muconic acid to adipic acid through a single amino acid substitution identified by our computational workflow. When implemented in a cell-free system, the engineered biosensor shows higher ligand sensitivity, expanding the potential applications of this circuit. We further investigate ligand binding through molecular dynamics to analyze the substitution, elucidating the impact of modulating a single amino acid position on the mechanism of BenM ligand binding. This study represents the first application of biomolecular modeling methods for altering BenM specificity and for gaining insights into how mutations influence the structural dynamics of BenM. Such methods can potentially be applied to other TFs to alter specificity and analyze the dynamics responsible for these changes, highlighting the applicability of computational tools for informing experiments. In addition, our developed adipic acid biosensor can be applied for the identification and engineering of enzymes to produce adipic acid.

The objective of this study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of five strains from the genera Chlorella, Micractinium, and Meyerella and conduct an initial assessment of their biotechnological potential. It was found that the strain C. vulgaris VKM Al-335 is a good producer of palmitic acid, the Micractinium strains VKM Al-332 and VKM Al-343 are rich in ω-3 fatty acids, whereas the Meyerella strains VKM Al-346 and VKM Al-428 are producers of ω-6 fatty acids. A comparison of the biotechnological potential of algae with that of higher plant leaves (wheat) demonstrates that algal fatty acids exhibit greater diversity, although it is inferior to wheat leaves in terms of polyunsaturated and ω-3 fatty acids. Correlation analysis showed that when only straight-chain fatty acids were considered, the strains were distributed on the principal component analysis plot in accordance with their genetic relationships. However, when the entire fatty acid profile, inclusive of minor branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids, was analyzed, the algae distribution was in accordance with the environmental conditions in the original habitat, suggesting a possible connection between branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids and microalgae adaptability to environmental temperature conditions.

Currently, the issues of studying the quantitative assessment of the isolated effects of physical and chemical occupational factors of low intensity, severity and intensity of the labor process on the telomere relative length (TRL) are relevant in order to establish the mechanisms of development of premature aging. The aim is to evaluate the effect of isolated exposure to low–intensity physical and chemical occupational factors on the relative length of telomeres in an animal experiment. Material and methods. ICR mice (n = 65) are distributed in equal numbers into 3 test groups (exposure to vibration, noise, chemical exposure) and 1 control group (contained in comfortable conditions and not exposed to these factors). The duration of the experiment was 90 days, samples for DNA isolation from the striated muscle tissue of ICR mice thigh were taken on days 0, 30, 60 and 90. TRL was measured using real time PCR. Results and discussion. The results of the study indicate a significant shortening of TRL on the 90th day in the control group compared to the initial indicators, which may indicate the general processes of aging of animals. A long (90-day) stay of ICR mice in conditions simulating the isolated influence of various occupational hazard factors (vibration, noise, chemicals) operating at a level of 1.5 MAC, MPL, was accompanied by unidirectional dynamics of TRL. The chemical factor has the greatest impact on TDC (a decrease in TDT relative to the value of the control group is noted on the 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment), the physical factor causes a shortening of TDT after 60 and 90 days. Conclusions. Further study of the isolated influence of occupational factors on the TRL change in model organisms will contribute to the establishment of mechanisms that prevent the development of pathological processes in workers under conditions of production hazards.

The main indicators of food security are initially formed at the regional level while being oriented on the macroeconomy. The new subjects of the Russian Federation have to develop under a constant military threat. This situation makes it important for the state to monitor their self-sufficiency in food products, which must be physically and economically available to the population. The authors assessed the current and prospective sustainability and availability of food in the Donetsk People’s Republic. The structure and elements of food security and food supply were analyzed in line with the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. The article described the level of self- sufficiency in basic food products, the level of agricultural supply, and the level of processing relative to the consumption standards. The economic accessibility of food products was subjected to the comparative method based onthe minimal income level and the cost of living by the minimum consumption standards for each category of population. The cost of the consumer goods basket in 2015-2023 was analyzed demographically. The study proved that food security can be achieved by raising people’s income. Based on an expert survey and brainstorming, the authors developed a response matrix to potential risks and their consequences regarding the state administration of food security.

One of the main way for the study of acting can be considered the process of training student-actors, in which the mechanisms and techniques of creating an image and assuming a role are unfolded and highlighted. Special attention in the study of this problematic should be paid to the factors contributing to the mastery of the profession. It is assumed that personal characteristics play a key role in the issue of successful training of a student-actor, because it is the actor's personality that can be considered as the main tool that the actor has in the art of acting transformation. The aim is to identify personal predictors of pedagogical assessments of acting abilities among student actors. Psychodiagnostic study using the following techniques: “16 personality factors” by R. Kettell and “Short portrait questionnaire of the Big Five” by M.S. Egorova and O.V. Parshikova, the scale of average assessments of acting abilities. It was revealed that two personality traits are associated with the pedagogical assessment of the acting skills of an actor student: “consciousness” (B5-10) and “sensitivity” (I, 16PF). They also contribute to this average estimate. In this regard important factors for the success of mastering the acting profession are consciousness, organization, focus on maintaining relationships in the learning process, as well as the sensitivity of the student actor to internal and external changes, the richness of his emotional experience.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of second-line polychemotherapy according to FOLFOX or FOLFIRI regimen in patients with biliary tract tumours after progression during first-line chemotherapy (CT). Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of retrospective and prospective data on the examination and treatment of 94 patients with biliary cancer of grades T1-4N0-2M0-1 followed-up and treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2015 to 2023. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (FOLFOX, n=47) and Group 2 (FOLFIRI, n=47). In Group 1, patients received the recommended FOLFOX second-line CT regimen. Patients in Group 2 received FOLFIRI regimen. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events. Results. The study included 94 patients. In the FOLFOX group, the median OS was 13.0 months (1-year OS was 57.8±7.4%); for the FOLFIRI group, the median OS was 12.3 months (1-year OS was 54.4±7.3%). The toxicity profiles of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI were acceptable and consistent with those reported for the regimens. According to the grade 3–4 toxicity data, diarrhea was significantly more common in the FOLFIRI group (p=0.014), and neurotoxicity was more common in the FOLFOX group (p=0.006). During the second-line CT, the frequency of grade 1–4 toxicities in the groups did not differ: 18 (38.3%) events in the FOLFOX group and 19 (40.0%) events in the FOLFIRI group. Conclusion. Our results of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of the second-line polychemotherapy regimens show that the FOLFOX and FOLFIRI CT regimens have equal efficacy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer with a good performance according to the ECOG scale, who previously received the first-line therapy with a combination of gemcitabine with a platinum agent (cisplatin or oxaliplatin); also, our data demonstrate similar toxicity profiles of these regimens.

Relevance. Oenothera tetragona is an ornamental plant used in folk medicine. Until now, studies of the biological characteristics of the Oenothera tetragona have not been carried out on the territory of the NonChernozem zone of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the work is the introduction and biological study of the Oenothera tetragona in the NonChernozem zone of Russia in the conditions of the Moscow region.Methodology. The experiment was based on two-month-old seedlings according to a 60x30 cm pattern. Phenological observations and biometric measurements (during the mass flowering phase) were carried out according to the methods adopted at VILAR (All-Russian scientific research Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants). Experimental data were processed according to B.A. Dospehov. Weather conditions were checked on the Weather and Climate website. Microspecimens were prepared according to methods for light microscopy.Results. In the conditions of the Moscow region the period from the beginning of the growing season to mass fruiting in Oenothera tetragona Roth. averages about 110-115 days. The plant is well adapted: it goes through the entire seasonal cycle of growth and development. The population includes Oenothera tetragona Roth. includes many variable biotypes, which indicates the possibility of targeted selection of forms with useful traits. The main assessment of breeding material can be carried out, starting from the second year of plant life, based on a set of interrelated quantitative traits (height, number of generative shoots, etc.). Some anatomical features of the epidermis of the Oenothera tetragona leaf have been studied for the first time; the number of covering trichomes and the number of stomata per 1 mm2 were determined. As a result of microscopic examination of the epidermis of leaf plates of O. tetragona Roth.: the presence of three groups was revealed, which differed in microscopic characteristics (shape and number of stomata, pubescence) in the absence of a noticeable correlation with the main phenotypic characteristics.

Quantitative characteristics of the impact of factors of the production environment (physical, chemical, biological), the severity and intensity of the labor process, their contribution to the deterioration of the health of the working contingent and the development of mechanisms of premature aging can hardly be overestimated. Occupational factors play a leading role among the health risk factors of the labor contingent in the workplace. Their effect on the organism of people engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions can have cumulative effect on the health of workers and cause premature aging of the body, exert an adverse effect on the central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, digestive, excretory, blood, musculoskeletal system, causing psychosomatic, acute and chronic occupational diseases, and poisoning. Long-term chronic “occupational” and domestic stress prevails among the mechanisms that reveal premature aging at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The article analyzes (according to literature sources) the most probable risk factors and mechanisms that trigger the processes of premature aging.

Immune relationships involved in a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), are formed due to the characteristics of the subset composition of follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and B lymphocytes. Expression of the HLA-B27 antigen can change the reactivity of cells of the immune system and, accordingly, their interaction and participation in the immunopathogenesis of AS. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the subset composition of Tfh and B cells in HLA-B27-positive and negative patients with AS. Material and methods. 66 patients (17 women and 49 men) aged 20–58 years with a diagnosis of AS were examined. Molecular genetic research on HLA-B27 expression was carried out using the quantitative PCR method with real-time detection. The subset composition of Tfh and B cells was studied using flow cytometry. Results. An increase in the amount of Tfh2 in the blood is observed in all patients with AS. The number of Tfh1 was reduced in HLA-B27-positive AS patients, but Tfh17 cell content was increased. Changes in the subset composition of B lymphocytes, which were found only in patients with an HLA-B27-positive form of the disease, manifest themselves primarily as an imbalance in the distribution of B cell memory. Only negative correlations of Tfh1 and Tfh17 content with “double-negative” B cell and plasmablast precursors percentage are detected in HLA-B27-negative AS patients. Tfh1 cell number correlate negatively with naïve and activated naïve B cell content in HLA-B27-positive disease, Tfh2 cell percentage – with memory B cell fraction number. CCR6+ Tfh and Tfh17 have positive regulatory effects on plasmablast precursors. Conclusions. The subset composition of Tfh characterizes the dominance in the immunopathogenesis of AS of the direction of the regulatory influence of follicular T helper cells on B lymphocytes regardless of the carriage of the HLA-B27 gene in AS patients. High levels of Tfh type 17 are also detected in HLA-B27-positive patients. The relationships between the subsets of Tfh and B cells in HLA-B27-negative AS patients characterize the presence of processes aimed at inhibiting B cells. The influence of Tfh1 is aimed at suppression of B-cell immunity in HLA-B27-positive AS while Tfh2 and Tfh17 stimulate B-cell mechanisms.

The relevance of the research is justified by the need to search for new factors of business value formation, which are taken into account by stakeholders when making decisions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of S- and G- factors on the value formation of Russian public companies in the manufacturing sector and to substantiate the importance of disclosing the indicators of sustainable development of companies as a factor of business growth. The study uses methods and tools of correlation, causal and comparative analysis. It was found that the position occupied in the RAEX ranking by S- and G- factors and the amount of capitalization are significantly correlated for companies in the extractive and manufacturing industries. There was found no statistically significant relationship between the considered indicators in relation to the companies of the agro-industrial complex. It is confirmed that the influence of sustainable development components on the formation of the companies’ value is different depending on their industry affiliation. The necessity to take into account ESG factors in the methods of comparative and income approaches is substantiated. The directions of ESG factors accounting in the methods of comparative and income approaches are highlighted. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the substantiation of the necessity of separate accounting of the sustainable development components in the formation and assessment of business value. The practical significance of the study is that the results obtained by the author can be used by investors, owners and practicing appraisers in making managerial decisions and assessing and determining business value.

Background. There is a contradiction in the results of acting research: empathy plays an important role in the process of artistic transformation, but some anti-empathic traits, such as narcissism and machiavellianism, may also be useful for stage performance. The identification of gender specificity is particularly interesting when examining these personal features in the context of student actors' professional growth. Objectives. The focus is on exploring gender differences in the relationships of empathy and Dark Triad traits with personality traits in student actors. Study Participants. The study involved 43 second-year students of the Acting major, aged 19 to 29 years (21 men, 22 women). Methods. Short Portrait Big Five Questionnaire by M.S. Egorova and O.V. Parshikova, Short questionnaire of the Dark Triad adapted by M.S. Egorova, M.A. Sitnikova, O.V. Parshikova Empathy Questionnaire by A.A. Mehrabian adapted by E.F. Zeer and O.N. Shakhmatova Results. Openness to experience among student actors is associated with narcissism, and neuroticism is associated with emotional empathy, which describes the ability to understand other people's emotions. At the same time, gender differences were found in the specific relationships between empathic tendencies and personality traits. In boys, behavioral empathy, aimed at showing support and help, is associated with extraversion, while in girls, neuroticism is associated with machiavellianism. Conclusions. Several interpretations of the results are presented. Actors who are open to new experiences and experiments in creating images can be narcissistic, since they do not yet have a formed “sense of truth”, and therefore are forced to focus more on external assessment. Also, student actors may feel somewhat exceptional compared to their peers due to the experience gained through their professional activities. The connection between the emotional level of empathy in student actors of both sexes and neuroticism is explained by the fact that good social insight is accompanied by increased anxiety. Gender specific correlations (Machiavellianism with neuroticism in girls and behavioral empathy with extraversion in boys) may reflect the chosen strategies in developing the emotional component of the image, as well as in building relationships in a team.

The issues of interlingual Slavic homonymy are being examinedi n a multifaceted way on the material of the East, West and South Slavic languages. Given research problem is one of the most actual in comparative linguistics, translation studies, as well as in the practice of teaching Slavic languages. On specific examples cases of manifestation of homonymy are analysed, the causes of its occurrence are studied, the character, linguistic, as well as extralinguistic factors that accompany this semantic phenomenon are described. Among other things, unlike most scientific works devoted to this topic, the problem we touch on is considered at all basic levels of the language: phonetics, vocabulary, morphology, syntax, stylistics, and phraseology, a theoretical substantiation of the reasons for the appearance of homonyms in the language (resp. languages) is given. Special attention is paid to full and partial homonyms, which developed on the basis of both phonetic and etymological-semantic commonality of vocabulary or, conversely, accidentally coincided in pronunciation. It should be emphasized the relevance of this problem andi ts scientific and practical significance in the framework of the contrastive study of closely related languages, which is also of particular importance for the theoretical study and practical solution of linguistic and cultural issues of the Slavic community, which, in comparison with other Indo- European language groups, disintegrated relatively late (V-VI centuries AD). Despite the fact thatm uch attention is paid to this problem in Slavic studies, and many works are devoted to describing cases of interlingual Slavic homonymy, including dictionaries fixing homonyms in two or several languages, the importance of this study lies precisely in the fact that its main goal has become a broad linguistic review with the maximum possible coverage of all three groups of Slavic languages - starting with Russian and Ukrainian in the East, Polish, Czech and Slovak in the West, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian in the South of the Slavic World and ending with its “periphery” - Slovenian in its South West. As tertium comparationis for the authors of the proposed study is the genetic commonality, genetic relationship of the Slavic languages and, accordingly, the etymological relationship of their lexical structures. The article presents some of the most illustrative, commonand frequent homonyms, including that of representing the translation problem of the so-called “false friends of the translator”. Although the general list of examined homonyms is far from exhaustive, the materials of the article can serve as a solid theoretical and practical basis for creating a fundamental dictionary of interlingual Slavic homonyms.

The paper studies how a corrosion inhibitor made of vegetable waste from food production - pomegranate peel - is adsorbed on the surface of aluminum. The mechanism of inhibitor action is largely driven by the fact that the active substances are chemisorbed on the metal surface and form a film that isolates this surface from the aggressive influence of the environment.

In the context of an aggravated competitive situation both in domestic and foreign markets, marketing tools for ensuring the competitiveness of an enterprise are becoming increasingly important. With the simultaneous growth of the role of a systematic approach in strategic planning both in the overall activities of the enterprise and its development prospects, and the level of competitiveness of the enterprise and its competitive position in specific markets. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations of enterprise competitiveness management. The purpose of the article is to form a system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise on the basis of marketing. Methodology. To achieve the research objective, the following tasks were set and solved: a critical analysis of scientific approaches to the formation of a system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise, substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise, clarification of the components of this system, and identification of the types of links between the components of the system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise. The following methods and approaches to research were employed in the study: an abstract and logical approach was used to examine the theoretical and methodological foundations of interaction management; an analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of the enterprise competitiveness management system was conducted; an inductive and deductive approach (used to determine the factors influencing the formation of the enterprise competitiveness management system) was employed; a systematisation and generalisation approach (to clarify the approaches to the formation of the enterprise competitiveness management system) was also utilised. Results. The article considers processes of formation of the system of enterprise competitiveness management. It characterises and groups approaches to the system of management of competitiveness of an enterprise. The factors of influence on the level of competitiveness of enterprise have been determined. The structure of the system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise is described. Practical implications. The suggested integrated approach will help to clarify the role and functional links between the components of the enterprise competitiveness management system, taking into account the influence of factors of the marketing environment of enterprise and the marketing tools for assessing and improving the competitiveness of enterprise. Value/Originality. The proposed integrated approach to the formation of a system for managing the competitiveness of enterprise on the basis of marketing, unlike the existing ones, recognises the key role of competitiveness of enterprise products in assessing the competitiveness of enterprise, allocates the subject and object of competitiveness management, is based on the levels of strategic planning, takes into account the influence of factors of the marketing environment of enterprise and reveals the marketing tools for assessing and managing the competitiveness of enterprise.

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in older men. Transurethral surgery in BPH is the gold standard for treatment, but the techniques differ in the energy used. Considering the different mechanisms of action of bipolar plasma and thulium fiber laser energy on prostate tissue, the study of structural changes under their influence is relevant.The aim. To study the features of structural changes in the prostate during bipolar plasma and thulium fiber laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods. Thirty one patients with BPH were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 17) underwent transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate; Group 2 (n = 14) underwent transurethral thulium fiber laser enucleation. Fragments of the surgical prostate capsule were collected intraoperatively and were processed according to standard examination protocols using light and electron microscopy. The width of coagulation necrosis, the relief of the dissection line, the severity of cell and the prostate intercellular matrix destruction were taken into account.Results. Studies have shown the clinical and functional perioperative homology of the compared methods of surgical treatment of BPH. Data from light and electron prostate microscopy showed a greater damaging effect of bipolar plasma energy, which is manifested by a larger width of the zone of coagulation necrosis, a torn and raised appearance of the dissection line, and pronounced integrity violations of cellular elements and intercellular matrix components. Laser exposure causes less pronounced changes, which indicates a more gentle effect of the thulium fiber laser on the prostate components.Conclusion. The obtained microscopy results indicate that the intraoperative action of a thulium fiber laser is less traumatic for the cells and intercellular matrix of the surgical prostate capsule compared to bipolar plasma exposure.

Atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium is a precancerous condition for endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, which is the largest group among malignant neoplasms of the uterine body, according to the Cancer Registry, the mortality rate from which took the 3rd place in 2021. The absence of specific clinical manifestations complicates diagnostics at the early stages of the process, which necessitates the study of histological and immunohistochemical criteria to verify the diagnosis. The aim of the study. To improve the differential diagnostic morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, using the latest international classification data. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 76 cases of postoperative material of women for the period from 2020 to 2022 with a diagnosis of “endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium” – 61 cases and “endometrial hyperplasia with atypia” – 15 included an assessment of histological, immunohistochemical features, followed by statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. The incidence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and atypical endometrial hyperplasia occurs in the premenopausal and menopausal periods. The expression level of the Ki-67 marker is directly proportional to the degree of tumor malignancy (p < 0.05). Estrogen receptors decrease as the degree of tumor malignancy increases. Progesterone receptors are equally present in endometrioid adenocarcinomas and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The necessity of using the Ki-67 marker and determining the hormonal status in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium is argued.

The subject of this study is the current state and prospects for the development of the market for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and power plants. The purpose of this work was to identify trends in the development of UAV engines of various classes. Task: collection, systematization, and analysis of information on the most common engines of reconnaissance and strike UAVs of the operational-tactical level, as well as UAVs of the "barrage ammunition" class. This article provides a brief description of various types of UAV power plants, and their main advantages and disadvantages are given, which are often decisive when choosing the type of power plant for a specific UAV. It was found that a power plant with an internal combustion engine (ICE) is best suited for use in medium- and long-range UAVs.This study demonstrated that four-stroke internal combustion engines are most commonly used in reconnaissance-strike UAVs at both operational and tactical levels. The features of the design and characteristics of four-stroke internal combustion engines, which have become the most widely used UAVs, are described. It was determined that the introduction of turbocharging or increasing the pressure is the main means of forcing four-stroke internal combustion engines, which makes it possible to simultaneously achieve high specific power and high brake efficiency of the engine over a wide range of altitudes during its operation. It is shown that one of the most important tasks for a long-range UAV engine is to reduce the specific brake fuel consumption. Thus, there is a tendency to promote the use of high-powered aviation diesels in long-range UAVs. It was determined that the main requirements for UAV engines of the "barrage ammunition" class are high specific power, low cost and adaptability to mass production. This study shows that gasoline two-stroke internal combustion engines with crank-chamber scavenging are extremely widespread in UAVs of the "barrage ammunition" class. The design features and characteristics of UAV two-stroke internal combustion engines are described. The main means of ensuring high specific power of such two-stroke internal combustion engines are increasing the engine RPM, optimizing gas exchange processes, and reducing the weight of the construction by using new materials. Conclusion. The results show that depending on the UAV type, the set of engine requirements can vary significantly. Modern trends in the development of UAV engines of various classes have been determined. Potentially promising directions for increasing the efficiency of engines and for comprehensive improvement of their indicators and characteristics have been determined.

The main spoilage microorganisms of the vacuum-packaged sausages on the first day of chilled storage are the bacteria of the following families: Enterobacteriaceae (Raoultella planticola, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Citrobacter freundii), Morganellaceae (Morganella morganii) and Staphylococcaceae (Macrococcus caseolyticus), and at the end of the shelf life (on the twenty-first day) - Enterobacteriaceae (Proteus mirabilis, Moellerella wisconsensis and Serratia liquefaciens). An appearance of cloudy juice, surface slime and delamination of the vacuum packaging characterises the sausage spoilage. QMAFAnM in the sausages was increased by 1.09 lg CFU/g and 1.53 lg CFU/g on the first day of storage, by 1.18 lg CFU/g and 1.54 lg CFU/g on the twelfth day, by 0.92 lg CFU/g and 1.96 lg CFU/g on the eighteenth day, respectively, compared to the control sample, because “Vienna sausages with chicken fillet” were treated with starter culture SafePro BLC-48 (Lactobacillus curvatus) or the mixture of starter cultures SafePro BLC-48 (Lactobacillus curvatus) + Bactoferm Rubis (Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis) before vacuum packaging. Because the sausages were treated with the mixture of starter cultures SafePro BLC-48 + Bactoferm Rubis, the lactic-acid microorganisms were increased by 0.63 lg CFU/g and 0.53 lg CFU/g on the twenty-fifth and thirtieth days, respectively, compared to the sausages that were treated with SafePro BLC-48. During the entire shelf life, no pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, in particular S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., E. coli, coliform bacteria, as well as yeast and mold, were detected in the sausages under all treatment options. The use of starter culture SafePro BLC-48 (Lactobacillus curvatus) or the mixture of starter cultures SafePro BLC-48 (Lactobacillus curvatus) + Bactoferm Rubis (Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis) increases the shelf life of the vacuum-packaged sausages if they are kept in a refrigerator for up to 30 days, which is 12 days longer than their shelf life without treatment. The sausage treatment with the mixed starter cultures of the lactic-acid microorganisms may be promising if the development of the aerobic spoilage bacteria is confirmed.

Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that inhabits soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions. B. pseudomallei infections often occur following contact with contaminated water or soil or by inhalation of contaminated dust and water droplets. There is limited knowledge about how B. pseudomallei is able to survive in harsh environmental conditions and compete with the microbes that inhabit these niches. Previous research demonstrated that 3-methyl-2-alkylquinolones (MAQs), and their corresponding N-oxides (MAQNOs), are produced by B. pseudomallei and provide a competitive advantage when grown in the presence of Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, 39 Gram-negative environmental bacteria in the Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota phyla were isolated and characterized. Intriguingly, B. pseudomallei inhibited 71% of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota in zone of inhibition and coculture competition assays, but no Pseudomonadota isolates were similarly inhibited. Transposon mutagenesis was utilized to identify B. pseudomallei genes required for the inhibition of Sphingobacterium sp. ST4, a representative member of the Bacteroidota. Three mutations mapped to hmqA-G, the locus encoding 2-alkylquinolone derivatives, and two mutations were identified in scmR, a gene encoding a quorum-sensing controlled LysR-type transcriptional regulator. B. pseudomallei strains with deletion mutations in hmqD and scmR were unable to produce 2-alkylquinolone derivatives or inhibit Bacteroidota isolates in competition assays. RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were infected with B. pseudomallei 1026b and 1026b ΔhmqD and there was a 94-fold reduction in the number of intracellular 1026b ΔhmqD bacteria relative to 1026b. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 1026b and 1026b ΔhmqD in BALB/c mice was determined to be 3 x 105 colony forming units (CFU) and > 1 x 106 CFU, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that the products of the B. pseudomallei hmqA-G locus are important for intracellular replication in murine macrophages, virulence in a mouse model of melioidosis, and competition with bacteria that utilize naphthoquinones for aerobic respiration.

In this publication, we present an overview of stakeholder concerns regarding hydrilla management, synthesizing insights gathered from the largest state-wide survey of Florida residents about invasive aquatic plant management in the state’s public waters. Our objective is to equip decision-makers, including agencies like FWC, with valuable insights. By understanding stakeholder concerns, decision-makers can formulate policies for the effective management of aquatic invasive species that garner public support.

Astrocytes play a crucial role in the onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disorder marked by the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) in the central nervous system. Although astrocytes in ALS are known to be toxic to MNs, the pathological changes leading to their neurotoxic phenotype remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated human astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the ALS-associated A4V mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) to examine early cellular pathways and network changes. Proteomic analysis revealed that ALS astrocytes are both dysfunctional and reactive compared to control astrocytes. We identified significant alterations in the levels of proteins linked to ALS pathology and the innate immune cGAS-STING pathway. Furthermore, we found that ALS astrocyte reactivity differs from that of control astrocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a key cytokine in inflammatory reactions. We then evaluated the potential of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, 4, 16, and 18 to reverse ALS astrocyte phenotype. Among these, FGF4 successfully reversed ALS astrocyte dysfunction and reactivity in vitro. When delivered to the spinal cord of the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, FGF4 lowered astrocyte reactivity. However, this was not sufficient to protect MNs from cell death. Further analysis indicated that TNFα abrogated the reactivity reduction achieved by FGF4, suggesting that complete rescue of the ALS phenotype by FGF4 is hindered by ongoing complex neuroinflammatory processes in vivo. In summary, our data demonstrate that astrocytes generated from ALS iPSCs are inherently dysfunctional and exhibit an immune reactive phenotype. Effectively targeting astrocyte dysfunction and reactivity in vivo may help mitigate ALS and prevent MN death.

Вступ. На сьогодні актуальною проблемою в Україні є вивчення закордонного досвіду по побудові універсальної організації лабораторної служби аналітичної токсикології, яка потребує постійного професійного розвитку відповідних фахівців, позаяк, стикається з цілим рядом викликів в тому числі з збільшенням навантаження на відповідні лабораторії за рахунок обстежень та досліджень військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України. Метою роботи було вивчення організації роботи служби судово-медичної токсикології Сполучених Штатів Америки та порівняння з відповідною службою України. Матеріали та методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували законодавчі та нормативно‐правові документи по організації служби судово-медичної токсикології США та України. Методи дослідження: бібліографічний, аналітичний, бібліографічний, аналітичний, системного підходу, узагальнення, прогностичний Результати. На основі комплексного аналізу нормативних документів, наукових публікацій обґрунтовані заходи по створенню єдиної системи критеріїв щодо виконання судово – токсикологічних досліджень. Висновки. Вивчено досвід організації служби судово-медичної токсикології США та використання стандартів які розроблені Радою стандартів академії (ASB) при Токсикологічному Органі Ради стандартів AAFS в США. Порівняно деякі організаційно-методичні заходи які забезпечують роботу відповідних установ в Україні за спеціальністю аналітична токсикологія.

Purpose of the study. To study the function of the sphincter in patients with rectal cancer after chemoradiotherapy using the method of high-resolution anorectal manometry.Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with cancer of the middle and lower ampullary rectum, who underwent combined treatment at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The patients underwent a course of neoadjuvant gamma radiation therapy using capecitabine. High-resolution anorectal manometry was performed before the start of treatment and 2 months after completion of chemoradiotherapy to study the functional parameters of the sphincter apparatus. The severity of anorectal dysfunction was assessed using the Wexner anal incontinence scale.Results. According to high-resolution anorectal manometry, the average pressure of the anal canal at rest decreased by 1.4 times (p < 0.05), and the average absolute compression pressure with voluntary contraction decreased by 1.2 times (p = 0.0012) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A comparative assessment of the maximum absolute compression pressure at this stage of treatment did not allow us to trace a significant difference between its value before the start of radiation therapy and 2 months after its completion (p > 0.05). An increase in threshold sensitivity volumes was noted in 23 patients (p = 0.16). The use of the Wexner scale didn’t show a statistically significant change in the median scores according to the results of patient surveys following the completion of treatment (5.2 vs. 5.5 points, p > 0.05).Conclusions. Radiation therapy has an effect on anorectal function, which may contribute to the occurrence of low anterior resection syndrome after surgical treatment. For this reason, it is now necessary to carefully consider the risks of developing anorectal dysfunction. Equally important is the use of methods for the prevention of low anterior resection syndrome for patients who have received combined treatment for rectal cancer.

Introduction. “One-day surgery” expands the possibilities of providing surgical care in a polyclinic with hospitalization for just one day. This area of medicine allows you to use the most effective method of treating hemorrhoids in a polyclinic – the operation hemorrhoidectomy.Aim. To substantiate the effectiveness of performing hemorrhoidectomy surgery in patients with stage 3–4 hemorrhoids in a day hospital of a polyclinic under the program “One-day surgery” with accelerated recovery of patients.Materials and methods. The main principle for performing hemorrhoidectomy surgery in a day hospital is a careful selection of patients. Closed hemorrhoidectomy with restoration of the anal canal mucosa (by Parks – Milligan – Morgan’s in the second modification of the State Research Center of Coloproctology) under spinal or general anesthesia is the surgery of choice for hemorrhoids treatment in the day patient department of a clinic. 138 surgeries were performed in the day patient department during 2 years and 10 months. After surgery, patients were placed in the surgical day-patient department wards for 3–5 hours until full activation. Then they were allowed to go home without being accompanied by a medical worker. The satisfaction of patients with the program was analyzed by a survey with a 5-point scale.Results. The timing of scheduled operations for patients has been shortened. The number of complications after hemorrhoidectomy in the early postoperative period was decreased, without long-term postoperative complications. The treatment of such patients in the surgical day-patient department demonstrated a good economic effect. The overall satisfaction with the one-day surgery program was very high (4.82). The results confirmed the effectiveness of this area of medicine.Discussion. Our experience of performing hemorrhoidectomy operations in a day surgical hospital for 3 years confirms the existence of a number of advantages over treating patients in a 24-hour hospital.Conclusions. The “One-day Surgery” and accelerated patient recovery programs expand the possibilities for treating patients with stage 4 hemorrhoids directly in the polyclinic, and thus reduce the burden on the surgical hospital.

Among the promising resource-saving technologies to produce parts with improved performance characteristics, the processes of volumetric plastic deformation of products occupy a prominent place. The research relevance is determined by the need to improve the mechanical properties of deformed metal, increase tool life, and produce high precision stamped products with an appropriate level of technological heredity. The study aims to create the required level of strain hardening and damage resistance of deformed metal and products of complex configuration, which will replace expensive steel grades with cheaper ones with similar service characteristics. To calculate the components of the stress tensor under non-monotonic loading, the anisotropic-strengthening body model is used. The study of theoretical and experimental findings suggests that cold combined extrusion methods should be used to manufacture parts with a flange, which can significantly increase the boundary dimensions and improve the technological heredity of the product. The study presents a methodology for determining the kinematic characteristics of plastic metal flow using analytical functions obtained from experimental studies of the motion of a continuous medium. The tensor approach was used to create a model of damage accumulation under non-monotonic deformation. The presented complex of calculations can be used to determine the stress state and the amount of the spent plastic deformation resource during non-monotonic volumetric deformation with a sufficiently high accuracy, without preliminary heating of the metal. Based on the information on the stress-strain state and the tensor model of damage accumulation, the ultimate forming of parts with a flange was estimated. The practical value of the research lies in the use of the proposed approaches to solve several technological problems of metal processing by pressure when the material undergoes non-monotonic plastic deformation under conditions of bulk stress

Abstract Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition.

Abstract Research into new composites utilizing cubic boron nitride (PcBN) shows promise for enhancing cutting tool performance. The unique properties of these materials stem from the addition of microfibers made of refractory compounds to their structure. This study looks at developing two-layer composites based on cBN group BL, reinforced with SiCw and Al2O3w microfibers. The goal is to improve tool stability when cutting hardened steels with impact loads. PcBN composite samples were made by sintering a mixture of cBN powder with bundles and microfibers under 7.7 GPa pressure. Bond material selection was based on analyzing the relationship between Poisson's ratio (η) and plasticity parameter (G/B). The density, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and hardness of the composites were determined, and the microstructure of samples with TiCN bond was studied. Tool-life tests were conducted on two-layer cutting inserts made of PcBN reinforced with SiCw and Al2O3w microfibers during the machining of hardened KhVG steel (HRC 55) under impact loads at cutting speeds of 100 and 200 m/min.

Introduction. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond in cyclic nucleotides. PDE10A is mainly present in the medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum. Functionally, PDE10A inhibition imitates the effect of D1-like agonists and D2-like dopamine receptor antagonists, and simultaneously modulating “direct” and “indirect” striato-thalamo-cortical brain pathway. To date, the effects of PDE10A inhibition have been characterized mainly, reproducing the inhibitory motor activity of D2-like dopamine receptor antagonists.The objective was to evaluate the stimulating motor activity of the effect of PDE10A inhibitors, as well as the possible development of tolerance to these effects when they are re-administered.Methods and materials. The hypodopaminergic state in male Wistar stock rats was modeled by administration of the VMAT2 inhibitor tetrabenazine (3 mg/kg). The effects of selective inhibitors PDE10A, MP-10 (0.3–5 mg/kg) and RO5545965 (0.1–0.9 mg/kg), on the motor activity of rats were evaluated with single and repeated administration (5 and 10 days).Results. Switching off PDE10A dose-dependently stimulated the motor activity of rats after administration of tetrabenazine. However, repeated administration of PDE10A inhibitors was accompanied by the development of tolerance to their paradoxical stimulating effect.Conclusion. The development of tolerance may limit the potential clinical use of PDE10A inhibitors to correct hypodopaminergic symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. It is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon.

A description of a clinical case of a severe, protracted course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a patient with advanced stage HIV infection, characterized by prolonged release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the formation of pulmonary fibrosis against the background of an active viral infection, is presented. COVID-19 infection occurred in an immunosuppressed patient without ART. During the period of inpatient treatment, a comprehensive examination was carried out to exclude HIV-associated lung lesions; no evidence of viral, fungal, or bacterial pathology was obtained; mycobacterial infections were also excluded. Despite two courses of antiviral therapy, the use of anti-Covid plasma and complex pathogenetic therapy, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed for eight months, with a steady progression of the disease, ending in death.

The article examines the complex impact of both war and migration processes on the demographic and economic situation in Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the conflict that has been going on since 2014 and the migration crisis inherent in it have led to a significant decrease in the population due to large-scale migration flows. It is predicted that by 2050 the population of Ukraine may decrease to 35.2 million people, which will create serious challenges for the economy and social sphere. According to the data provided in the article, the number of remittances from abroad to Ukraine is growing, which indicates the intensive development of migration flows and the growth of the economic contribution of immigrants. However, the actual volume of such remittances is likely to be higher than indicated in official data due to the presence of unregistered flows. Remittances reflect not only migrants’ financial contributions to the economy, but also the level of connection and support that migrants provide to their families and communities in Ukraine. Compared to the inflow of foreign direct investment, an understanding of how migration flows affect the country’s economy both through financial contributions and through other socioeconomic aspects is presented. The article calls for the development of effective strategies to overcome the challenges posed by war and migration processes. Important components of such strategies are ensuring economic growth and social well-being of the population, as well as rational management of migration flows to maximize the positive impact of migration on the economy and society of Ukraine.

Aim: Because of its involvement in membrane properties, annexin A5 has a significant impact on membrane-dependent processes within hemostasis, including the initiation of the coagulation cascade, the activation of factor X and prothrombin, and the function of protein C on membrane surfaces. By binding to phosphatidylserine, annexin A5 acts as a protective shield, masking exposed phospholipid surfaces and exerting a general anticoagulant effect. Considering the significant influence of annexin A5 on the activation of hemostatic compounds on cell surfaces, it is crucial to further investigate its mechanisms. Methods: After purification of polyHis-Tag proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography from E. coli Rosetta cell biomass, we checked the purity of the eluate by SDS-PAGE. We performed APTT test, PT test and platelet aggregation to find out the anticoagulation influence of recombinant annexin A5 in these tests. Results: Annexin in the highest concentration of 40 μg/ml prolonged blood plasma clotting time in activated partial thrombin time by almost 50%, blood plasma clotting time in prothrombin time by almost 15% and did not influence the rate of platelet aggregation. Conclusion: It can be assumed that its anticoagulant effect is directed to the enzyme complexes of the hemostasis system and does not extend to platelet receptors. The obtained protein can be used to study the activation of hemostatic components on cell surfaces.

In an unstable and rapidly changing economic environment, it becomes even more difficult to determine the state and prospects of development of specific markets, especially regional ones, where specific conditions are in place. In order to effectively coordinate the development of a particular regional market, it is necessary to clearly define the extent to which its potential has been exploited and to identify the factors that influence the formation of the regional market's potential. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations of managing the potential of regional markets. The aim of the study is to develop a model for managing the potential of the regional market. Methodology. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were set and solved: a critical analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of "regional market potential" was carried out, the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a model for managing the potential of the regional market were substantiated, the components of this model were clarified, and the types of links between the components of the model for managing the potential of the regional market were identified. The paper uses the following methods and approaches to research: abstract and logical approach used in the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of interaction management, analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of a model for managing the potential of the regional market, inductive and deductive (used to determine the factors influencing the formation of a model for managing the potential of the regional market), systematisation and generalisation (to clarify the concept of "regional market potential"). Results. The research considers the processes of formation and management of the potential of regional markets. It reveals the essence of the concept of "potential of the regional market" on the basis of studying the definition of the concept of "potential". The article describes and groups approaches to determining the market potential of a region and formulates its own definition of the regional market potential as "the upper limit of production, sales and consumption of a certain type of product in the region, at which the financial interests of market participants are maximally satisfied, for which the existing resources are sufficient". The publication identifies the factors influencing the state of the regional market potential: industrial capacities, development of regional infrastructure and logistics, demographic situation, population income and purchasing power, resource provision of the region, opportunities for international trade. The article characterises the structure of the regional market potential: the forming component (production, consumer and trade potential) and the ensuring component (socio-economic potential of the region). A model of management of the regional market potential is proposed. Practical implications. The proposed model will help to clarify the role and functional relationships between the components of the regional market potential and take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of regional markets in the implementation of market forecasts. Value/originality. In the structure of the regional market potential, unlike the well-known ones, the forming and ensuring components of the regional market potential are distinguished. The addition of the trade potential component to the traditional forming components, such as consumer and production potential, will allow taking into account trade opportunities and conditions for fast and high-quality trade organisation in the region.

Premature ventricular complexes (PVC) is one of the most common arrhythmias in daily clinical practice. In the vast majority of cases, PVC has a good prognosis, but in some cases it can cause serious, including lifethreatening complications. On the other hand, asymptomatic, frequent PVC can lead to the development of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, which can be reversible with effective therapy. Medications remain the mainstay of therapy for PVC. However, the effectiveness of some drugs is quite low, while other drugs have significant side and proarrhythmic effects. Technological advances in the field of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in recent years have opened up tremendous prospects in the radical correction of PVC and put forward this approach in selective cases as the method of choice. However, this invasive technology may at the same time carry the risks of serious complications, which can occur in up to 5% of individuals undergoing this procedure. The potential risks of RF catheter ablation largely depend on the accessibility of the ectopic focus. In this regard, differential diagnosis of the source of ectopia is of great importance for a balanced assessment of the possible risks and effectiveness of this invasive method. Standard diagnostic methods, such as 12-lead electrocardiography, Holter monitoring and echocardiography, allow in many cases to make the best decision regarding further management tactics. Frequent, asymptomatic PVC needs in annual monitoring to prevent LV systolic dysfunction development in cases high potential RF catheter ablation risks and drugs ineffectiveness. Traditional echocardiography and novel ultrasound technologies can help in this difficult of choice cases.

Renewable energy has become one of the most attractive sectors for investment in the modern world. The increasing focus on environmental pollution and climate change, coupled with rapid technological advancements in this field, make it highly promising for businesses and investors. In this article, we will examine the major global trends in renewable energy investment and the modern tools that facilitate the development of this sector. One of the key trends is the growth in investment volumes in renewable energy. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), investments in renewable energy surpassed $300 billion in 2023, marking a record high. This increase in investment is driven by both government support programs and private investors who see high potential profitability in this sector. Another important trend is the expansion of investment geography in renewable energy. While previously the main markets were in Europe and North America, there is now active development in markets across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This is due to both the overall growth in energy demand in these regions and political and economic strategies aimed at reducing dependence on coal and gas fuels. Today, there are several modern tools that facilitate investment in renewable energy. One of them is green bonds. These are special bonds issued by companies or governments, the proceeds of which are used exclusively for the development of renewable energy projects. Green bonds are becoming increasingly popular among investors who seek not only financial returns but also to contribute to sustainable development. Another tool is socially responsible investment funds, which specialize in investing in enterprises and projects related to sustainable development, including renewable energy. These funds are guided not only by financial criteria but also by environmental and social criteria, making them attractive to investors who aim to have a positive impact on society and the environment.

Nepheline is one of the main rock-forming minerals of the rocks of the Khibiny alkaline massif. Nepheline composition changes depending on the crystallization temperature, which makes it an indicator of rock formation conditions. In addition, nepheline is one of the main concentrators of hydrocarbon gases. The study of nepheline from different rocks of the Khibiny massif by local IR spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (micro-FTIR) has revealed the presence of water and acetylene in its structure. The water content estimated according to the method of statistical quantitative determination of water in nominally anhydrous minerals varies in the range from 0 to 0.78 wt.%. The highest water content has been observed in high-temperature nepheline of early formations (foyaite of the central and outer parts of the massif), and the lowest – in relatively low-temperature nepheline of later rocks of the Main Ring Fault (urtite, apatite-nepheline rock and poikilitic (kalsilite)-nepheline syenite – rischorrite). The study reveals that water enters the structure of nepheline in the form of H2O molecules that occupy vacancies in the potassium sites. The water content in nepheline is controlled by the number of vacancies in its structure. The presence of acetylene has been determined on a qualitative level. Additional studies are required to assess its quantitative content.

In the conditions of war, there is a need to improve the system of financial and budgetary provision of social protection and to develop an appropriate strategy, which will become the basis for reforming this system. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war and to justify the strategic tasks of the financial and budgetary policy of the state regarding its improvement. Applied methods: scientific generalization and abstraction, complex analysis, dialectical, sampling, economic and statistical. The research is based on the hypothesis that the level of coordination of the instruments of the state's financial and budgetary policy determines the country's ability to ensure the stability of the system of financial and budgetary provision of social protection, to minimize the risks of violation of human social security. Peculiarities of social support of Ukraine from the international community in conditions of war, the analysis of the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population of Ukraine is carried out, and the directions of the financial and budgetary policy of the state regarding the development of the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population are determined. It is substantiated that the development of institutional mechanisms for the management of state resources in the context of the financial and budgetary provision of social protection will contribute to ensuring the social security of people, the use of a combinatorial toolkit of financial and budgetary provision of social protection of Ukraine in the conditions of war should correspond to the priority of increasing the level of financing of the state's defence capability.

The guidelines describe the management of follow-up monitoring of second health status group persons, who have a high and very high cardiovascular risk. The following are presented: action sequence and follow-up content in this category of patients, recommendations for dealing with patients with risk factors (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, excess body weight). Examples of medical records are provided. Reminders for patients are presented, including in the event of acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular accident. Recommendations and algorithm for remote questioning and consultation are presented.Guidelines are intended for doctors and paramedics of departments of medical prevention and health centers, paramedics of rural health posts.The materials presented can also be used by local doctors (internists, general practitioners, paramedics at rural health posts and health centers) when conducting preventive counseling for patients with risk factors of nonommunicable diseases, and when working with them to modify risk factors.

Periodontal disease (PD), a widespread non-communicable disease, affects over 90% of the global population with no known cure. Current management strategies focus on the stabilisation of disease progression, which is successfully achieved to a limited extent. Yet the never-ending battle between bacteria and the gingiva involves a complex interplay between genetic, microbial and environmental factors, demanding innovative approaches to improve the prevention and stabilisation of this disease. Glucose is the body's source of energy and research has shown that dysregulation of the glucose metabolism impacts PD establishment and progression, as well as the development of systemic non-communicable diseases. Metformin, a drug known for its efficacy in diabetes treatment via controlling glucose metabolism, also demonstrated cardioprotective effects, increased longevity, and anti-inflammatory properties. Metformin has been used in gel format in clinical trials for non-surgical treatment of PD, however, its systemic use in normoglycemic individuals with PD is less explored. A recent study presented compelling evidence of metformin's preventive potential, impacting PD and markers of systemic health involved in metabolic health linked to improvement of lifespan. Therefore, this review discusses the aspects of ageing as a concept in the periodontium and the potential benefits of modulating glucose metabolism through metformin to prevent PD, indirectly preventing systemic conditions involved in multi-morbidity, addressing a critical gap in current management. It also examines the choice between implementation of behaviour change and/or medication as a strategy to add to current oral hygiene strategies. Finally, it discusses the ethical implications of prescribing systemic medication in dentistry.

Relevance. The increase in the number of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) determines the relevance of the development of new anti-TB drugs (ATDs). Determining the pharmacokinetics of a drug in the context of MDR-TB therapy is an integral part of the study of the original drug. Objective. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of a new original drug, thiozonide, in patients with MDR-TB with multiple doses of the drug. Methods. Thiozonide was used in patients with a verified diagnosis of MDR-TB as part of a clinical trial according to protocol No. THIO22 "Multicenter 12-week doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the selection of optimal dosages of the drug thiozonide, capsules (CJSC Pharm-Sintez") for against the background of standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis with multidrug-resistant or extensively drugresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis” (permission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 661 dated 11/24/2014). Results. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of thiozonide were determined during its repeated use in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis with multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, receiving standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, by HPLC with mass spectrometric detection. The time to reach the maximum concentration T max of thiozonide with repeated administration at a dose of 200 mg, 400 mg and 600 mg was 4.21 ± 1.23 hours, 4.9 ± 1.08 and 5.29 ± 0.91, respectively; the half-life T1/2 for the same dosages of the drug was 7.84 ± 1.86, 7.56 ± 1.92 and 6.3 ± 2.12 hours, respectively. The maximum concentration of thiozonide after taking the drug thiozoinide by volunteers was Cmax was observed at the level of 1386.89 ± 533.68 ng / ml in the group taking 200 mg of thiozonide per day, 2684.48 ± 712.40 when taking the drug at a dosage of 400 mg and 5558, 99 ± 2143.81 – at a dosage of 600 mg. Conclusion. A linear dependence of the maximum concentration and the area under the pharmacokinetic curve on the dose taken and also the average concentration of thiozonide in the blood plasma of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with multidrug resistance of the causative agent of the disease was revealed.

Abstract Loki’s Castle Vent Field (LCVF, 2300 m) was discovered in 2008 and represents the first black-smoker vent field discovered on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR). However, a comprehensive faunal inventory of the LCVF has not yet been published, hindering the inclusion of the Arctic in biogeographic analyses of vent fauna. There is an urgent need to understand the diversity, spatial distribution and ecosystem function of the biological communities along the AMOR, which will inform environmental impact assesments of future deep-sea mining activities in the region. Therefore, our aim with this paper is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the fauna at LCVF and present a first insight into the food web of the vent community. The fauna of LCVF has a high degree of novelty, with five new species previously described and another ten new species awaiting formal description. Most of the new species from LCVF are either hydrothermal vent specialists or have been reported from other chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. The highest taxon richness is found in the diffuse venting areas and may be promoted by the biogenic habitat generated by the foundation species Sclerolinum contortum. The isotopic signatures of the vent community of LCVF show a clear influence of chemosynthetic primary production on the foodweb. Considering the novel and specialised fauna documented in this paper, hydrothermal vents on the AMOR should be regarded as vulnerable marine ecosystems and protective measures must therefore be implemented, especially considering the potential threat from resource exploration and exploitation activities in the near future.

In this paper we study pseudo-Riemannian spaces with recurrent tensor of conformal curvature, which admit a Kähler structure. It is proved that Kähler conformally recurrent spaces other than recurrent spaces do not exist, if their dimension is four. Recurrent Kähler spaces are divided into two types. For each type, the internal necessary characteristic is given. Some properties of four-dimensional Kähler conformally recurrent Kähler spaces are studied.

Various mobile and edge devices have significantly different processing capabilities, making it challenging to develop a single universal architecture of a neural network to extract facial embeddings. In this paper, we study the automated machine learning techniques to design a neural network with the best performance on a concrete device. The novel procedure is proposed to choose the better subnetwork of the Supernet based on a genetic algorithm with a surrogate binary classifier to compare the expected accuracy of two subnetworks. The latter uses only encoding of a candidate subnetwork and does not require directly estimating its accuracy on a validation set. As a result, the most computationally efficient and accurate model in TensorFlow Lite format is obtained in less than 10 minutes for a specific device and latency constraint. An Android demo application has been developed to demonstrate the potential of designed neural networks. It is experimentally shown that the proposed approach is universal: it can extract deep embeddings for tasks such as face verification and facial expression recognition and for various types of devices, including smartphones and Raspberry Pi single-board mini-computers. Our models process one facial image in real-time and achieve much higher accuracy when compared to the best-known lightweight networks.

Aim. To study the functional activity of blood eosinophils in patients with Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) invasion.Material and methods. A total of 328 patients with O. felineus invasion (120 men and 208 women, mean age 40.3 years) and 34 practically healthy patients (14 men and 20 women, mean age 41.1 years) aged 18 to 70 years were examined. The main method for diagnosing opisthorchiasis was the determination of eggs or bodies of adult parasites in the duodenal contents and/or feces, which was used in all 328 patients with opisthorchiasis. All patients underwent a complete blood count and biochemical blood test, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs. The study of the functional activity of blood eosinophils was carried out in 42 patients with opisthorchiasis and 34 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis with the measurement of the intensity of production of reactive oxygen species in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reactions in lucigenin- and luminol-dependent processes.Results. The frequency of eosinophils in the complete blood count above 5% in the examined patients with opisthorchiasis was 19.5%. An increase in the content of eosinophils in the blood in patients with opisthorchiasis was associated with an increase in the frequency of complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, pruritus, skin rashes, an increase in the proportion of leukopenia and neutropenia, an increase in the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the blood, and an increase in the frequency of ultrasound signs of cholecystitis. At the same time, a pronounced increase in the functional activity of blood eosinophils, determined by the chemiluminescent method, was observed in patients with O. felineus invasion.Conclusions. Patients with O. felineus invasion with an increase in the content of eosinophils in the blood due to the likelihood of an aggressive course of the pathology deserve the close attention of practitioners with the need for a thorough comprehensive examination of patients, including immunological methods.