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Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic syndromes that is associated with cognitive deficit, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) like pathology due to impaired insulin-signalling in the brain, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nanotechnology is one of the most promising techniques for targeting the brain. However, the toxicity of metal nanoparticles is one of the biggest challenges to be studied. In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles are conjugated to a bioflavonoid, hesperidin, a natural antioxidant. The study is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the cobalt oxide conjugated hesperidin in the diabetes-induced cognitive deficit rat model. The neuropharmacological behaviour, in-vivo antioxidant status and level of acetylcholinesterase, nitrite, amyloid β, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined for cobalt oxide conjugated hesperidin and compared with bare cobalt oxide nanoparticles and hesperidin. The cobalt oxide conjugated hesperidin significantly improved learning and memory in the streptozotocin rat model. However, further studies are required to establish a cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the neuroprotective activity of cobalt oxide-conjugated hesperidin.

Nowadays, nanotechnology is extensively employed in the medical profession. In this study, we used the aqueous extract of the bark of Mitragyna parvifolia to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by microwave-assisted green synthesis. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by visual color change to brown color and characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 432 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of the AgNPs was 171.81 nm having a zeta potential of −24.14 mV; Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of different functional groups on the NP surface; Scanning Electron Microscope and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy indicated predominantly circular shape of nanoparticle; Selected Area Electron Diffraction and X-ray Diffraction analyses determined the crystalline structure of AgNPs. Energy-Dispersive X-ray indicated the elemental composition and formation of AgNPs. The AgNPs were screened at different concentrations for antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The AgNPs exhibited remarkable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The sedative and antinociceptive activities were also tested on Swiss albino mice, which showed mild sedative and very potent antinociceptive activity. However, detailed mechanistic studies are warranted in the future for clinical application of the AgNPs as a biologically active agent as well as a carrier for drug delivery.

Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in males. Although bone metastases from prostate cancer are common, mandibular metastases are unlikely. Mandibular metastatic carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of all oral malignancies and can cause a diagnostic conundrum. Here, we present a rare case of a 56-year-old male with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving the mandible and the evaluation criteria that can help determine the metastatic lesion.

Background & objectives: RNA viruses are complex pathogens in terms of their genetic makeup, mutation frequency, and transmission modes. They contain the RNA helicase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the viral genome replication process. This work aims to develop and screen a potential molecule that could function as a dengue virus (DENV) RNA helicase inhibitor. Methods: The present study was performed by taking 26 potential derivatives of gedunin phytochemicals from the PubChem database as ligands. The binding of the compounds was analyzed by in silico docking considering DENV RNA helicase enzyme as the receptor. Results: After a thorough analysis of the docking scores, toxicity, and physicochemical properties, the compound tetrahydrogedunin was obtained as the best. Based on tetrahydrogedunin molecular structure, 100 drug-like molecules were designed using the Data Warrior tool. After screening for drug-likeness and ADMET properties, derivative number 42 was considered as promising. Further comparative docking of derivative 42 and a standard inhibitor molecule ST-610 with DENV RNA helicase enzyme showed binding affinity of 10.0 kcal/mol and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The favorable interaction between DENV RNA helicase and derivative 42 was further validated by 50 nanoseconds molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA analysis. Interpretation & conclusion: Since the antiviral activity of derivative 42 has not been reported till date, the compound was predicted as a novel therapeutic molecule that can act against the dengue virus (DENV) RNA helicase enzyme.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess differences in complication rates, early readmission rates, and reasons for readmission following TKA based on discharge destination. Secondarily, we aimed to identify independent risk factors for developing any adverse event (AAE) in the 30-day postoperative period. Methods The American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was filtered using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes to identify patients undergoing TKA from 2015 to 2020. Patients were divided into three cohorts based on discharge destination: home, skilled nursing facility (SNF), or inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF). Propensity score matching was used to account for confounding variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Results 352,824 patients were initially identified with 303,375 discharged home, 31,635 discharged to SNF, and 17,814 discharged to IRF. Following propensity score matching, there were 5,000 patients in each cohort. Regarding postoperative complications, the home cohort had significantly a lower readmission rate (p = 0.01) and rate of any adverse event (p

Abstract-: Partial shading deteriorates the overall performance of photovoltaic (PV) arrays by reducing the power output. Various shading mitigation strategies have been proposed in the literature with vulnerabilities of limited applications, switches, sensor counts, design, cost, and complexities. In this paper, a multi-string differential power processing (MS-DPP) based voltage equalizer is proposed for power output improvement in the PV arrays during shading. The equalizer is utilized for the series-parallel array which is equipped with a shading detection system achieved from the optimal placement of minimum sensor counts. The technique uses the concept of a switching capacitor that balances the voltage ratio between the modules of individual strings to ensure higher power generation and convex power curves during shading. The system is simulated and validated in MATLAB simulation and further verified on the OPAL-RT 4510 hardware-in-loop FPGA-based real-time platform. The technique is executed on three array sizes and compared with existing techniques under static and dynamic partial shading cases. The analysis shows that MS-DPP enhances the array power output with a conversion efficiency higher than 99 % during shading with lower system size and 98.38 % and 95.05 % reduced counts of switches and sensors than dynamic reconfigurations.

Background The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act (PC&PNDT Act), 1994 was enacted to prevent sex determination and female feticide. As a mandatory statutory requirement, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India has to renew its PC&PNDT license after every 5 years.

Objective Caroverine is an antagonist of non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic tinnitus arises from a synaptic disturbance of NMDA or non-NMDA receptors on the afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons. This forms a basis for the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to find the effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Methodology This quasi-experimental study was carried out on sixty consecutive patients of tinnitus. Thirty patients were given the usual standard of care consisting of Tab. Cinnarizine 25mg twice daily along with fixed dose combination Cap. B-complex and Ginkgo biloba once daily for ninety days and thirty patients were given Cap. Caroverine 40mg, twice daily for ninety days. Outcome assessment was done using the tinnitus case history questionnaire, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and VAS. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Trial Version. A P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results There was a significant improvement in the tinnitus case history questionnaire score at 90 days in patients suffering from mild tinnitus when treated with caroverine. There was a larger decrease in the tinnitus handicap inventory score at 90 days of treatment in the caroverine-treated patients. The median VAS showed an improvement in the caroverine-treated group. The overall reduction in tinnitus in the caroverine-treated group was 53.3% with an odds ratio, 95% CI of 0.375 (0.12-1.08). Conclusion Oral caroverine was found to be better than the usual standard of care in reducing mild cochlear synaptic tinnitus. It also improved sensory–neural hearing loss during the treatment period.

BackgroundEstablishing and maintaining gamma knife facility incurs significant costs, mandating healthcare institutions to meticulously assess financial implications for sustainability.MethodsThis study explores the financial implications of setting up and operating a Gamma Knife facility, with an aim to ascertain user charges for achieving breakeven. The study was conducted from January to June 2019 at the largest neurosurgery centre of an Institute of National Importance (INI), in Delhi, India. Applying both Traditional and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TD-ABC) methodologies, capital and operating expenses were calculated. (1US$ = INR 70.4 -Average value for the year 2019).ResultsThe average cost per gamma knife radio surgery procedure was calculated to be US $2,469 (INR 1,73,832), with major costs attributed to machinery & equipment (43.6%), followed by manpower (32.5%), electricity (9.67%), equipment maintenance (8.61%) etc. The initial investment to establish a Gamma Knife facility is significantly higher with an MRI unit (Model A) at US $ 9,836,423 (INR 69,24,84,164) compared to one without (Model B) at US $7,294,986 (INR 51,35,66,988). Currently, the patient has to pay US $1,065 (INR 75,000) for a gamma knife radio surgery, which poses a challenge for achieving breakeven since the variable cost for the same is US $1,367 (INR 96,239) per procedure.ConclusionThe study serve as a tool for strategic planning, pricing adjustments, and enhancing operational efficiencies, thus ensuring that such high-end technologies can be sustainably integrated into the public healthcare landscape of a developing country like India.

With the advent of Management and Technology, the World is witnessing a plethora of problems; mental issues occupying the prime spot. This provides an opportunity for the discipline of adaptive neuromanagement and integrated methodologies to offer a ‘way out’; for those afflicted with mental issues. Based on the protocol evaluations obtained through Adapted Neuromanagement, this paper applies a variety of personalized intervention techniques oriented from the neurointegral methodology. These techniques inc lude; intervention with neurofeedback and biofeedback, personalized training programs to improve neuronal and physiological self regulation. mindfulness and relaxation techniques, implementation of specific protocols to reduce stress and improve attention, adapted to individual needs virtual reality exposure therapy, development and application of personalized scenarios to treat phobias, anxiety and ptsd, cognitive performance training based on computational interface, implementation of adaptive programs to improve specific executive and cognitive functions, based on the individual neurocognitive profile, qualitative neuropsychological training, implementation of rehabilitation and neuropsychological correction programs aimed at improving the psychological and brain functioning of people, emotional freedom techniques, application of emotional reprocessing protocols to improve self regulation, adapted to specific emotional needs, guided neuroplasticity interventions, application of cognitive stimulation techn iques designed to promote neuroplasticity in specific brain areas, character strengths program, implementation of psychological well being management programs based on scientific evidence and personalized neuromanagement education.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by varying histological grades. Basement membrane laminin expression plays a crucial role in tumor invasion and progression. This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane laminin in different histological grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Archival tissue samples of OSCC from 60 patients were categorized into well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated grades. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-laminin antibodies, and staining intensity was semiquantitatively analyzed using a scoring system. Results: The immunohistochemical analysis revealed varying levels of laminin expression across different histological grades of OSCC. Well-differentiated tumors showed an average staining intensity score of 7.2 (SD ± 1.5), moderately differentiated tumors had a score of 5.8 (SD ± 1.2), and poorly differentiated tumors exhibited a score of 4.3 (SD ± 0.9). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in laminin expression between histological grades (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a progressive decrease in basement membrane laminin expression with an increasing histological grade of OSCC. This suggests that laminin may be a potential biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Colon cancer is traditionally treated by an antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) but has been linked to several drawbacks and systemic toxicity. To overcome drug associated toxicity, combination therapy is a promising strategy that synergistically enhances the therapeutic effects of co-delivered drugs while minimizing administration doses. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the anti-colon cancer potency of 5FU co-delivered with a phytochemical i.e., berbamine (BERB) in a Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) delivery system. CONPs loaded 5FU (5FU-CONPs) and BERB (BERB-CONPs) were prepared and characterized using different analytical techniques. Successful entrapment of both drugs into CONPs formulations was detected under X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. Drug-loaded CONPs in combination showed effective anti-oxidant activity by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and had superior cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cell lines compared to treatment with native drugs singly or in combination. They also triggered apoptosis through p21, p53, Bax upregulation, and Bcl-2 downregulation, as confirmed by Western blot studies. Additionally, in silico analysis was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to validate the in vitro results. Results of the study suggest that 5FU and BERB CONPs in combination could be taken as a possible therapeutic approach for colon cancer treatment.

Current implant therapy is a frequently employed treatment for individuals who have lost teeth, as it offers functional and biological advantages over old prostheses. Concurrently, active exploration of intervention strategies aims to prevent the progression of peri-implant diseases and manage the existing peri-implant tissue damage. Indian Society of Periodontology has recognized the need for systematic documents to update the everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and has provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral health-care delivery across the country. The current clinical practice recommendations focused on peri-implant care to bridge the gap between academic theory and clinical practice by compiling evidence-based suggestions for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. Twenty-eight subject experts across the country prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three sections covering peri-implant health and maintenance, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. It will be a quick and concise reference for oral implant practitioners in patient management. The guidelines provide distinct definitions, signs, and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, and home-care recommendations regarding maintaining peri-implant health. The document advocates combined efforts of oral implant practitioners and the population at large with evidence-based, integrated, and comprehensive peri-implant care. By providing accessible, applicable guidance, these guidelines would empower dental professionals to uphold the well-being of implant patients and ensure the long-term success of implant therapy.

The present paper analyzes the relationship between perceived public service performance, trust in the government, and citizens' willingness to participate in water governance with insights into broader state–citizen relations. The study is based on a household survey conducted in June 2022 that employed a multistage stratified random sampling within the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation limits of Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India. The analysis reveals that citizens' perception of water service delivery performance positively affects trust in water managers while negatively affecting their willingness to participate in water governance. In contrast, the citizens' trust in water managers positively correlates to their willingness to participate. Moreover, the identified correlations among the three variables elucidate a circular pattern. The intricate circular pattern observed among these three variables complicates the citizen–state relationship. Understanding and navigating this complex web of relationships is crucial for policymakers and researchers seeking to enhance citizen participation and trust in water services. The circular nature of these interactions underscores the need for holistic and integrated approaches in addressing the multifaceted dynamics within the citizen–state relationship. HIGHLIGHTS Investigates the interplay among citizens'perceptions of water service delivery, trust in water managers, and willingness to participate.; Establishes evidence for mutual reciprocity among the three essential aspects of water governance.; Contributes empirically from a city in the Global South.; The study findings are instrumental in contributing to effective water management practices, strengthening the citizen–state relationship.;

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants’ performance is severely impacted by multi-level irradiances or partial shading, leading to power losses and voltage instability. Also, partial shading adds further complexity to the maximum power point tracking algorithms by introducing numerous peaks in the power curves, resulting in additional losses. Numerous solutions are presented to deal with shading losses, and dynamic reconfiguration is the most effective; however, higher switch count and complex architecture make it impractical in real-world implementation. Hence, this study proposes a low-complexity architecture based on the grouped string voltage balancing approach. This approach utilizes a voltage balancing converter connected to groups of strings to enhance the power output of the array of PV plants, maintain overall system voltage stability, and eliminate the possibility of multiple peaks formation in the power curves. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested under numerous static and dynamic partial shadings and analyzed using power curves, power output, losses, efficiencies, and voltage stability. The validation is done by comparing the proposed approach with conventional and advanced architectures for a 32.5 kW system. The results show that the proposed method requires a 50 % reduced switch count than existing techniques, achieves 99.54 % efficiency, and maintains an average voltage stability of 0.01.

Atypical parathyroid tumor (APT) is a rare neoplasm of the parathyroid gland, which shows atypical cytological or architectural features and lacks definite diagnosis criteria for malignancy. These cases can cause diagnostic challenges owing to their rarity and similarity with thyroid neoplasm on imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology. Also, differentiating APT from giant parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma can be challenging based on clinical, imaging or cytological features. A 49-year-old male presented with clinical features of hyperparathyroidism. On laboratory evaluation, his serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone was elevated. Imaging studies suggested a possibility of left inferior parathyroid neoplasm, and fine needle aspiration cytology showed features suggestive of parathyroid neoplasm. However, exact categorization of parathyroid tumor was difficult in pre-operative work-up. Possibilities of giant parathyroid adenoma as well as parathyroid carcinoma were considered. A final diagnosis of an atypical parathyroid tumor was made after detailed histopathological evaluation given focal capsular invasion but lack of unequivocal evidence of malignancy in the resected specimen. APT is a rare neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential. Knowledge of the radiological and pathological features will be helpful in accurately identifying the lesion and avoiding misdiagnosis.

This paper analyzes the effect of different types of dust on the reduction of PV systems' performance. The PV system installed on the field gives maximum output. However, in a real-time scheme, the PV system fails to generate the desired power output due to various realistic and unavoidable factors like soiling. Different dust particles accumulating on photovoltaic (PV) modules result in shadowing and reduced irradiance, impacting power production. The study investigates eight dust samples (ash, dirt, cement, brick powder, putty, wood dust, sand, and salt) in indoor and outdoor environments. It evaluates the decrease in power at solar irradiance levels of 500, 700, and 1000 W/m². The soiling experiments conducted indoors show that the maximum% reduction in power is 39.21 % in the case of Ash, while a minimum of 8.32 % in the case of red soil. The outdoor experiments suggest that red soil, sand, and brick dust can create huge power losses in the PV system, followed by ash powder, wood dust, putty dust, salt, and cement powder. The advantages of this research lie in its thorough analysis of several forms of dust and their impact on photovoltaic (PV) systems under different circumstances. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the crucial need for implementing dust control measures to maximize system performance, thereby providing insightful information for system design and maintenance procedures. The novelty of this study is to investigate the performance impact of various kinds of dust on PV systems, offering significant insights for improving system efficiency in real-world circumstances. The research enhances the reliability and applicability of its results by thoroughly assessing outdoor and indoor conditions, bridging the gap between laboratory results and practical applications.

Abstract The proposed work contains three major contribution, such as smart data collection, optimized training algorithm and integrating Bayesian approach with split learning to make privacy of the patent data. By integrating consumer electronics device such as wearable devices, and the Internet of Things (IoT) taking THz image, perform EM algorithm as training, used newly proposed slit learning method the technology promises enhanced imaging depth and improved tissue contrast, thereby enabling early and accurate disease detection the breast cancer disease. In our hybrid algorithm, the breast cancer model achieves an accuracy of 97.5 percent over 100 epochs, surpassing the less accurate old models which required a higher number of epochs, such as 165.

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a term that encompasses various clinical presentations such as ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non STEMI (NSTEMI), or unstable angina. Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL), also known as lipocalin-2, belongs to the lipocalin category of extracellular proteins. Recent research indicates that NGAL levels are increased in different cardiac situations, regardless of the presence of acute renal injury. Aim: To compare the levels of serum NGAL and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores between cases with ACS and Angio-negative cases, and to study the correlation of serum NGAL with the GRACE score (clinical severity score) in ACS patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 128 patients at the Department of Biochemistry, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India, presenting to the Cardiac Emergency Department from November 2020 to August 2021. Coronary Angiograms (CAG) were done to confirm the presence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and patients were grouped accordingly as Group-1 with ACS patients and Group-2 with angiogram-negative cases. Apart from the routine work-up, including serum urea and creatinine, serum electrolytes, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and management, all patients underwent determination of serum NGAL levels and GRACE score at admission. The data were analysis using student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Among the 128 participants (64 cases in Group-1 and 64 cases in Group-2), Group-1 comprised 37 cases of STEMI, 26 cases of NSTEMI, and one case of unstable angina. Serum NGAL levels were significantly elevated in patients with CAG-proven ACS (140.89±56.47 ng/mL) without any renal dysfunction, sepsis, or overt infection compared to patients without CAD on CAG (52.01±18.39 ng/mL) (p

Medicinal plants are considered as one of the main sources of biologically active molecules for various diseases, in addition to their traditional applications. Worldwide, interest on medicinal plants having nutritional value and used as food, is increasing day by day as these can prevent or delay the occurrence of chronic diseases. Further exploration of such plants require a thorough updated information on that plant species to ascertain what is known and what can be done. Medicago polymorpha, also known as Medicago denticulata is an annual dicotyledonous weed of family Fabaceae, which is found as a weed in agricultural lands, road sides and other disturbed areas. Herein, we have compiled the information related to traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and metal nanoparticles of M. polymorpha available in Scopus database, which will be a ready reference for the researchers working on this plant to further explore it. The plant contains a wide range of secondary metabolites and has been scientifically studied for its analgesic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anthelmintic, antiamnesic, antidiarrhoeal, antifungal, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory activities.

An unmanned rice seeder (URS) with WiFi based wireless communication system was developed to reduce surface seed dispersion, drudgery, human involvement, Occupational health hazards and environmental pollution. An android mobile phone with WIFI connectivity acts as wireless communication system to control the developed URS with operating range of 144.6 m which was surplus for small farms in hilly terrains of Sikkim. The factors of URS are found to be forward speed (Fs) and hopper fill level (HL) w.r.t responses of co-efficient of variation of number of seeds per hill (Cv), Seed rate (Sr), hill spacing uniformity (Us,), missing hill index (MI) and mean hill span (Hs). The optimum results of soil bin study are of Fs and HL of 2.4 km.h−1 and 75% w.r.t responses of Cv, Sr, MI, Us, Hs are 0.28, 18.5 kg. ha−1, 7.3%, 91.7%, and 6.4 cm. Test results showed that the seeding performance of developed seeder was similar to manual drum seeder. But, due to higher speed of operation in developed seeder showed better results in field operation. The results from the field evaluation revealed that URS has increase in field capacity of 41%, reduces labor requirement of 50% than manual rice seeder. In economic evaluation URS has reduced cost of operation (₹ ha−1) of 90% and increase net benefit (₹ year−1), Payback period of 61% and 91% over manual rice seeder (MRS). The operator's workload was decreased by up to 95% due to the machine's mobile operation as compared to the manual operation.

Objectives: The goal of the current research was to assess the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of dental implants that were chemically changed with SAE and without SAE. Materials and Methods: Patients in the current study had dental implants fitted with SAE (Group I) and chemically altered SAE (Group II). After implant implantation, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed as soon as possible as well as one, three, six, nine, and twelve weeks later. Version 23.0 of SPSS Statistics for Windows was used to statistically analyze the results. Result: In SAE dental implants (Group I), a highest RFA value of 84.1 and a minimum value of 42.2 were noted. In chemically modified implants, the SAE (group II) mean RFA value ranged from 30.3 to 87.1. Conclusion: It has been noted that dental implants with surface treatment exhibit increased implant–bone osseointegration. Implants with hydrophilic surfaces osseointegrate more quickly than those with SAE areas.

The research paper has introduced a system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that has the potential to contribute to the creation of a Consumer Electronics (CE) product. In the event that any health-related measure deviates from the normal range, this system, which is based on IoT technology, will send a notification to the user. The data collected by this system is sent to an analysis system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) through a mobile application, and then transferred to the cloud for storage. To display this raw data, a wearable IoT device can be utilized, and the system will process the data accordingly. The major innovation of this proposed project lies in the development of a fuzzy classifier that can accurately predict the pathological condition of an illness. By implementing a fuzzy classifier using FPGA, the execution time is greatly reduced i.e. 57.7μs compared to other algorithms. Ans also the accuracy of the proposed model is 98.8 %, which higher then other machine learning model such as 97 %, 96.5 %, 93.2 % respectively for SVM, KNN and DT models.previous models like KNN, DT, SVM, and NB (Naive Bayes).

Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has been established as an environmentally benign and sustainable approach. This study emphasizes biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) utilizing leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tritis L., well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. Various analytical techniques were employed for characterization of synthesized SeNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy confirmed the crystalline structure and revealed the average crystalline size of SeNPs to be 44.57 nm. Additionally, UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis of SeNPs by validating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of SeNPs. FTIR analysis data revealed different bonds and their corresponding functional groups responsible for the synthesis and stability of synthesized SeNPs. DLS and zeta analysis revealed that 116.5 nm sized SeNPs were stable in nature. Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) validated the spherical morphology of SeNPs with a size range of 60–80 nm. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the concentration of SeNPs in the obtained colloidal solution. Antioxidant activity of synthesized SeNPs was evaluated employing DPPH and H2O2 assay, revealed that the synthesized SeNPs were effective antioxidant agent. Additionally, antimicrobial potential was evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and found to be effective at higher concentration of SeNPs. SeNPs also exhibited strong anti-biofilm activity while evaluated against various biofilm producing bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumonia. The cytotoxicity of the bio-synthesized SeNPs was evaluated against HEK 293 cell line, exhibited minimal toxicity even at concentration 100 μg/mL with 65% viable cells. SeNPs has also been evaluated for dye degradation which has indicated excellent photocatalytic activity of synthesized SeNPs. The experimental data obtained altogether demonstrated that synthesized SeNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against various pathogens, and also showed significant antioxidant and photocatalytic efficiency.

The present study examines the extent and direction of horizontal, backward and forward spillover effects of FDIs on firms' productivity. It also shows how the mediating factors (firm's age, export and import intensity, R&D and advertisement intensity) contribute to the firms' productivity. Further, the study also uncovers the importance of the ownership patterns of the firms that affect the spillovers. It uses a balanced firm-level panel data set from the Indian manufacturing industries over the available period 2003 to 2016 to examine the inter- and intra-industry spillovers of the FDIs. The estimation methods used in this study are the fixed effects approach and the generalised method of moments. The study also applies the Levinsohn-Petrin method to compute firm-level productivity. It finds a significant positive spillover backward effect and confirms the supportive role of the mediating factors in augmenting the spillover channels. However, the results do not support the existence of horizontal and forward FDI spillover effects for the overall manufacturing industries. They suggest that a comprehensive policy package approach be used, thereby underlining the importance of all channels of the FDI spillover effects and their relations to the downstream sector, particularly by keeping the performance of the firms and their external links in perspective.

Abstract Introduction With the escalating burden of chronic disease and multimorbidity in India, owing to its ageing population and overwhelming health needs, the Indian Health care delivery System (HDS) is under constant pressure due to rising public expectations and ambitious new health goals. The three tired HDS should work in coherence to ensure continuity of care, which needs a coordinated referral system. This calls for optimising health care through Integrated care (IC). The existing IC models have been primarily developed and adopted in High-Income Countries. The present study attempts to review the applicability of existing IC models and frame a customised model for resource-constrained settings. Methods A two-stage methodology was used. Firstly, a narrative literature review was done to identify gaps in existing IC models, as per the World Health Organization framework approach. The literature search was done from electronic journal article databases, and relevant literature that reported conceptual and theoretical concepts of IC. Secondly, we conceptualised an IC concept according to India's existing HDS, validated by multiple rounds of brainstorming among co-authors. Further senior co-authors independently reviewed the conceptualised IC model as per national relevance. Results Existing IC models were categorised as individual, group and disease-specific, and population-based models. The limitations of having prolonged delivery time, focusing only on chronic diseases and being economically expensive to implement, along with requirement of completely restructuring and reorganising the existing HDS makes the adoption of existing IC models not feasible for India. The Indian Model of Integrated Healthcare (IMIH) model proposes three levels of integration: Macro, Meso, and Micro levels, using the existing HDS. The core components include a Central Gateway Control Room, using existing digital platforms at macro levels, a bucket overflow model at the meso level, a Triple-layered Concentric Circle outpatient department (OPD) design, and a three-door OPD concept at the micro level. Conclusion IMIH offers features that consider resource constraints and local context of LMICs while being economically viable. It envisages a step toward UHC by optimising existing resources and ensuring a continuum of care. However, health being a state subject, various socio-political and legal/administrative issues warrant further discussion before implementation.

Abstract Background Indigenous tribal people experience lower coverage of maternal, newborn and child healthcare (MNCH) services worldwide, including in India. Meanwhile, Indian tribal people comprise a special sub-population who are even more isolated, marginalized and underserved, designated as particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs). However, there is an extreme paucity of evidence on how this most vulnerable sub-population utilizes health services. Therefore, we aimed to estimate MNCH service utilization by all the 13 PVTGs of the eastern Indian state of Odisha and compare that with state and national rates. Methods A total of 1186 eligible mothers who gave birth to a live child in last 5 years, were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. The weighted MNCH service utilization rates were estimated for antenatal care (ANC), intranatal care (INC), postnatal care (PNC) and immunization (for 12–23-month-old children). The same rates were estimated for state (n = 7144) and nationally representative samples (n = 176 843) from National Family Health Survey-5. Results The ANC service utilization among PVTGs were considerably higher than national average except for early pregnancy registration (PVTGs 67% versus national 79.9%), and 5 ANC components (80.8% versus 82.3%). However, their institutional delivery rates (77.9%) were lower than averages for Odisha (93.1%) and India (90.1%). The PNC and immunization rates were substantially higher than the national averages. Furthermore, the main reasons behind greater home delivery in the PVTGs were accessibility issues (29.9%) and cultural barriers (23.1%). Conclusion Ours was the first study of MNCH service utilization by PVTGs of an Indian state. It is very pleasantly surprising to note that the most vulnerable subpopulation of India, the PVTGs, have achieved comparable or often greater utilization rates than the national average, which may be attributable to overall significantly better performance by the Odisha state. However, PVTGs have underperformed in terms of timely pregnancy registration and institutional delivery, which should be urgently addressed.

The power loss in the arrays due to non-uniform irradiances in the site is the most common scenario observed in a PV system. The irradiance non-uniformity occurs due to obstacles between actual irradiance and modules caused by dust and shadow of clouds, trees, and buildings in some portions of the array. This results in complications like mismatch, power reduction, deformed characteristics curves, failure of power tracking algorithms, and sometimes physical damage to the PV modules. Numerous solutions are present for mitigating the above complications among which the array reconfiguration gained a huge audience for ease of implementation, lower cost, and higher reliability but, each technique exhibits certain drawbacks. In this paper, a harmony search reconfiguration (HSR) algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration is proposed that has advantages in terms of simplicity, adaptability, convergence speed, reduced switch count, and arbitrary array application. The modeling and validation are done in the MATLAB platform using $5 \times 5$ , $9 \times 9$ , $9 \times 5$ , and $3 \times 3$ arrays under various shading cases and compared with the 22 existing conventional, static, and dynamic techniques. The depth investigation shows the higher performance of the HSR with 24.64% and 12.28% higher performance than conventional and static techniques with lowest actual power deviation of −1.10% and equivalent performance to that of existing techniques with reduced complexities.

External Auditory Canal (EAC) granulations can occur due to various causes, each with different presenting features, treatment options, and prognoses. They can arise from trivial situations, such as a neglected Foreign Body (FB), or indicate serious pathology like squamous cell carcinoma. The most common causes of EAC granulations are otitis media, including squamous and mucosal types. However, clinical practice encounters numerous other rare and common causes. The present case series describes seven patients with EAC granulations resulting from different aetiologies apart from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). The study was conducted over a six-month period at a Government Medical College (GMC) in North Odisha. It aims to assist clinicians in considering these situations when managing patients with EAC granulation. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these patients resulted in successful outcomes. Therefore, the author recommends considering these underlying causes whenever EAC granulations do not respond to appropriate medical treatment with antibiotics. Radiological imaging, fine needle aspiration cytology, and histopathological studies can help exclude many of these causes from the list of differential diagnoses.

This work focuses on a new topology-control-based D-STATCOM solution with reduced DC bus voltage requirement and with an excellent grid side performance. The proposed solution consists of a main inverter and auxiliary inverter along with a transformer and LCL filter network to achieve the required DC bus reduction. A new controller structure with two proportional-multi resonant controller for the converters with only one of the inductors current as a controlled variable ensures the active damping of the LCL resonance. The power circuit configuration assists the controller to generate a difference in the modulation signal due to non-equal gains in two controllers and helps to achieve the resonance damping without capacitor current sensor. Hence, the corresponding capacitor current sensor can be eliminated. The converter operates for any point of common coupling (PCC) loading conditions and the performance of the controller is immune to the grid impedance variation. A detailed stability study is carried out for the proposed controller. The proposed controller can achieve a very fast dynamic response with an excellent stability margin. The proposed solution is verified through simulation studies and through a scaled-down experimental prototype.

The wide-ranging use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the modern era leads to the association of distributed non-conventional energy resources in contrary to large-scale and localized conventional non-renewable sources. The prevalent use of distributed sources produces various Power-Quality issues. A thorough review of the literature provides numerous approaches for Power Quality (PQ) improvements; however, most techniques can improve only a few PQ problems. The new technical challenges like power loss, stability, reliability and power quality (PQ) issues are observed in present micro grid scenario. In this regard, this research work is an attempt to address PQ improvement in a three-phase realistic complex micro grid (integration of three simple micro grids to the point of common coupling. Improvement of various PQ factors for example sag/swell, unbalancing, power factor (Pf), total harmonic distortion (THD), communication delay and addition of impedance has been addressed in this research work. In this research article, a Kernel based Deep Auto Regressive Exogenous Output Neural Network (KDNARX) controller has been proposed and applied to improve power quality issues in a complex or realistic three phase complex micro grid (RTPCMG) in grid connected mode of operation. The RTPCMG is a combination of three simple grids with individual ratings of (4 kW, 4 kW and 6 kW). Photo voltaic cell, wind generator (WG), fuel cell (FC) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are the constituent distributed generators (DGs) for the proposed micro grid. The PQ improvement by application of proposed KDNARX controller to the DG inverter switching, has been overly tested in 12 different power quality issues under various operating conditions. The Kernel parameters are optimized by a new optimization technique called Cosine Chaotic PSO (CCPSO) algorithm. The results proved the strength of the new control technique ensuring PQ improvement and stability study of a three phase AC micro grid. Also, the potentiality of the new control scheme is compared with ANN and NARX and its superiority has been proved. Further, some case studies are validated through hardware in loop (HIL) environment thus justifying its real time implementation.

This paper focuses on the distributed generation (DG) controller of a PV-based microgrid. An independent DG controller (IDGC) is designed for PV applications to improve Maximum-Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The Extreme-Learning Machine (ELM)-based MPPT method exactly estimates the controller’s reference input, such as the voltage and current at the MPP. Feedback controls employ linear PI schemes or nonlinear, intricate techniques. Here, the converter controller is an IDGC that is improved by directly measuring the converter duty cycle and PWM index in a single DG PV-based MG. It introduces a fast-learning Extreme-Learning Machine (ELM) using the Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse technique and online sequential ridge methods for robust control reference (CR) estimation. This approach ensures the stability of the microgrid during PV uncertainties and various operational conditions. The internal DG control approach improves the stability of the microgrid during a three-phase fault at the load bus, partial shading, irradiance changes, islanding operations, and load changes. The model is designed and simulated on the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, and some of the results are validated on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform.

Coal mine tailings can lead to a range of environmental problems, including toxic metal contamination, soil erosion, acid mine drainage, and increased salinity. Mine spoils from coal mining activities accumulated as gob piles are difficult to reclaim due to constraints such as a steep slope, unsuitable pH, insufficient nutrient supply, metal toxicity, low water-holding capacity, and poor soil structure. We investigated the efficiency of low-cost amendments on coal gob spoils from Carthage Coal Field (CCF) in New Mexico in improving the quality of coal gob spoils. Gob spoil was incubated for 90 days with various rates of organic amendments such as biochar, compost, and a biochar–compost mix. Gob spoil quality parameters such as the pH, water-holding capacity, and total and plant-available nitrogen and phosphorus content of the gob spoil were measured over a period of 90 days. Both biochar and compost amendment led to a significant increase (40–60% for biochar and 70% for compost, p < 0.05) in water-holding capacity of the coal gob spoil. Plant-available nitrogen content increased from

Background: Globally, oral cavity lesions are a serious public health issue. Premalignant lesions of the oral cavity, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis, are common in India and are strongly associated with tobacco and betel nut use. These lesions have the potential to transform into malignancies, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the predominant type of oral cancer. Early detection and effective management of early malignant lesions are crucial to improving the prognosis for patients. Histopathological examination is a standard procedure used to identify these lesions. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the histopathology of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity, taking into account age, sex, site distribution, and their association with tobacco consumption. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, observational study carried out over a period of 3 years on patients with lesions of the oral cavity in a Government Medical College of Northern Odisha. Biopsies were obtained, fixed, and routinely processed. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The final diagnosis was based on clinical, gross, and microscopic findings. The data was collected and analyzed. Results: Out of a total of 197 oral biopsies, 79 cases were malignant lesions, and 35 cases were pre-malignant lesions. The highest incidence of both pre-malignant and malignant lesions was observed in the age group of 51–60 years, with a male predominance. The buccal mucosa was the most affected site. The most frequent type of malignant lesion was well-differentiated SCC, while hyperkeratosis without dysplasia was the most common type of pre-malignant lesion. Conclusion: Cancers of the oral cavity are surface malignancies whose signs and symptoms can be recognized early. The most common subsite of cancer is the gingivobuccal complex, and site-specific carcinoma is often due to the use of tobacco and betel quid, as they are typically placed in the gingivobuccal sulcus. The occurrence of carcinoma can be minimized by creating public awareness regarding high-risk habits.

Having established the significance of cardiovascular side-effects of anti-neoplastic drugs, present day cardio-oncology has forayed into newer territories buoyed by research into the multiple connections that exist between cardiovascular disease and cancer. An emerging concept of reverse cardio-oncology focuses on the heightened risk of cancer in patients with cardiovascular disease. Common mechanistics of cancer and heart failure (HF) like chronic inflammation and clonal haematopoesis as well as common predisposing factors like obesity and diabetes underline the relation between both cardiovascular disease and various cancers.This review discusses the potential magnitude of the problem, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and classification of this novel subject.

Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly aggressive and often treatment refractory. We analyzed previously published AML relapse cohorts and found that 40% of relapses occur without changes in driver mutations, suggesting that non-genetic mechanisms drive relapse in a large proportion of cases. We therefore characterized epigenetic patterns of AML relapse using 26 matched diagnosis-relapse samples with ATAC-seq. This analysis identified a relapse-specific chromatin accessibility signature for mutationally stable AML, suggesting that AML undergoes epigenetic evolution at relapse independent of mutational changes. Analysis of leukemia stem cell (LSC) chromatin changes at relapse indicated that this leukemic compartment underwent significantly less epigenetic evolution than non-LSCs, while epigenetic changes in non-LSCs reflected overall evolution of the bulk leukemia. Finally, we used single-cell ATAC-seq paired with mitochondrial sequencing (mtscATAC) to map clones from diagnosis into relapse along with their epigenetic features. We found that distinct mitochondrially-defined clones exhibit more similar chromatin accessibility at relapse relative to diagnosis, demonstrating convergent epigenetic evolution in relapsed AML. These results demonstrate that epigenetic evolution is a feature of relapsed AML and that convergent epigenetic evolution can occur following treatment with induction chemotherapy.

Abstract Americium is a highly radioactive actinide element found in used nuclear fuel. Its adsorption on aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals is important to study for at least two reasons: (i) aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals are ubiquitous in the subsurface environment and (ii) bentonite clays, which are proposed engineered barriers for the geologic disposal of used nuclear fuel, have the same ≡AlOH sites as aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals. Surface complexation modeling is widely used to interpret the adsorption behavior of heavy metals on mineral surfaces. While americium sorption is understudied, multiple adsorption studies for europium, a chemical analog, are available. In this study we compiled data describing Eu(III) adsorption on three aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals—corundum (α-Al2O3), γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) and gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3)—and developed surface complexation models for Eu(III) adsorption on these minerals by employing diffuse double layer (DDL) and charge distribution multisite complexation (CD-MUSIC) electrostatic frameworks. We also developed surface complexation models for Am(III) adsorption on corundum (α-Al2O3) and γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) by employing a limited number of Am(III) adsorption data sourced from literature. For corundum and γ-alumina, two different adsorbed Eu(III) species, one each for strong and weak sites, were found to be important regardless of which electrostatic framework was used. The formation constant of the weak site species was almost 10,000 times weaker than the formation constant for the corresponding strong site species. For gibbsite, two different adsorbed Eu(III) species formed on the single available site type and were important for the DDL model, whereas the best-fit CD-MUSIC model for Eu(III)-gibbsite system required only one Eu(III) surface species. The Am(III)-corundum model based on the CD-MUSIC framework had the same set of surface species as the Eu(III)-corundum model. However, the log K values of the surface reactions were different. The best-fit Am(III)-corundum model based on the DDL framework had only one site type. Both the CD-MUSIC and the DDL model developed for Am(III)-γ-alumina system only comprised of one site type and the formation constant of the corresponding surface species was ~ 500 times stronger and ~ 700 times weaker than the corresponding Eu(III) species on the weak and the strong sites, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model for corundum and both the DDL and the CD-MUSIC models for γ-alumina predicted the Am(III) adsorption data very well, whereas the DDL model for corundum overpredicted the Am(III) adsorption data. The root mean square of errors of the DDL and CD-MUSIC models developed in this study were smaller than those of two previously-published models describing Am(III)-γ-alumina system, indicating the better predictive capacity of our models. Overall, our results suggest that using Eu(III) as an analog for Am(III) is practical approach for predicting Am(III) adsorption onto well-characterized minerals. Graphical Abstract

Aims: To identify variables independently associated with same-day discharge (SDD) of patients following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and to develop machine learning algorithms to predict suitable candidates for outpatient rTKA. Methods: Data were obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Programme (ACS-NSQIP) database from the years 2018 to 2020. Patients with elective, unilateral rTKA procedures and a total hospital length of stay between zero and four days were included. Demographic, preoperative, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model and various machine learning techniques were compared using area under the curve (AUC), calibration, and decision curve analysis. Important and significant variables were identified from the models. Results: Of the 5,600 patients included in this study, 342 (6.1%) underwent SDD. The random forest (RF) model performed the best overall, with an internally validated AUC of 0.810. The ten crucial factors favoring SDD in the RF model include operating time, anaesthesia type, age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, race, history of diabetes, rTKA type, sex, and smoking status. Eight of these variables were also found to be significant in the MLR model. Conclusion: The RF model displayed excellent accuracy and identified clinically important variables for determining candidates for SDD following rTKA. Machine learning techniques such as RF will allow clinicians to accurately risk-stratify their patients preoperatively, in order to optimize resources and improve patient outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(6):399–407.

Fuel cells are at the forefront of modern energy research, with graphene-based materials emerging as key enhancers of performance. This overview explores recent advancements in graphene-based cathode materials for fuel cell applications. Graphene’s large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength make it ideal for use in different solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as well as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review covers various forms of graphene, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and doped graphene, highlighting their unique attributes and catalytic contributions. It also examines the effects of structural modifications, doping, and functional group integrations on the electrochemical properties and durability of graphene-based cathodes. Additionally, we address the thermal stability challenges of graphene derivatives at high SOFC operating temperatures, suggesting potential solutions and future research directions. This analysis underscores the transformative potential of graphene-based materials in advancing fuel cell technology, aiming for more efficient, cost-effective, and durable energy systems.

Background: Anthrax, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, poses a significant threat in Odisha, India, particularly in the tribal district of Koraput, which has reported numerous human cases and deaths but lacks consistent robust surveillance. Objectives: This study aimed to pilot a “One Health” surveillance model in Koraput, involving community health workers, para-veterinarians, and block- level teams in outbreak investigations. Methodology: As part of the “One Health Approach to Anthrax Control in India (OHAI)” project Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), in collaboration with the Departments of Animal Husbandry and Health and Family Welfare, Government of Odisha, initiated prospective laboratory-based anthrax surveillance in three blocks of Koraput. Confirmed cases in animals were identified via microscopic, culture, or PCR testing for Bacillus anthracis. Community awareness programs and rapport-building exercises were conducted with human and veterinary officials at the block and district levels following the detection of outbreaks. Results: Between March and June 2023, five anthrax outbreaks were detected in Koraput, with four involving both cutaneous human and animal deaths and one in animals only. Livestock losses included cattle (27), goats (2), and buffalo (1). Of the 38 samples collected (blood, bone, tissue, and soil), 11 (35%) tested positive for anthrax by RT-PCR. OUAT rapidly communicated results (

Converting biowaste into a functional product is put to the test by the growing amount of biowaste in the world and the environmental problems it causes. In this research study, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated bluish-green luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from cow dung and expired tomato sauces via a hydrothermal synthesis method at 160 °C for 8 h. The carbon nanodots were fabricated without additional passivating agents and exhibited good physicochemical and optical properties. The intrinsic properties of carbon nanodots were characterized using various spectral techniques. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell lines. This study revealed that carbon nanodots exhibited potent cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated these carbon nanodot's free radical scavenging potential by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The bluish-green fluorescent carbon nanodots fabricated using a green synthesis approach have broad potential for biological applications.

Introduction Tuberculosis is common, especially in developing countries such as India. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Neurotuberculosis is the most severe and life threatening form of disease in children.

Introduction Tuberculosis is common, especially in developing countries such as India. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Neurotuberculosis is the most severe and life threatening form of disease in children.

Sleep is an important physiological process that is essential for human beings because it maintains the circadian rhythm appropriately. The sleep behavior in the older population of India has not been studied adequately. Further, there is no report on the sleep behavior of the elderly population of Odisha, India. Therefore, this study has been designed to examine the status of sleep quality in the elderly living in rural areas of the Sambalpur district of western Odisha, India. This study includes1992 elderly subjects above the age of 60 years (945 females and 1047 males) who participated voluntarily. Data collection was done using a socio-demographic form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) inventory to determine the sleep quality and related factors that might alter the quality of sleep. The prevalence rate of sleep quality was assessed for both groups and the independence of attributes was tested statistically using the Chi-square test with ap-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Of the 1992 elderly participants, 1384 (69.5%) showed good sleep quality, and 608 (30.5%) had poor sleep quality. The factors, "female gender, marital status such as married" and "drinking habits of alcohol" are the statistically significant associations with good sleep quality among the elderly participants. The overall prevalence of good-quality sleep was high among the elderly participants living in rural areas of the Sambalpur district of western Odisha. These results might serve as a baseline database for future research endeavors. Further, a longitudinal study that has been planned might help in identifying the underlying factors that sustain good-quality sleep in a majority of the studied population.

Information on genetic diversity and population structure is helpful to strategize enhancing the genetic base of hybrid parental lines in breeding programs. The present study determined the population structure and genetic diversity of 109 pearl millet hybrid parental lines, known for their better adaptation and performance in drought-prone environments, using 16,472 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers generated from GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing) platforms. The SNPs were distributed uniformly across the pearl millet genome and showed considerable genetic diversity (0.337), expected heterozygosity (0.334), and observed heterozygosity (0.031). Most of the pairs of lines (78.36%) had Identity-by-State (IBS) based genetic distances of more than 0.3, indicating a significant amount of genetic diversity among the parental lines. Bayesian model-based population stratification, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) differentiated all hybrid parental lines into two clear-cut major groups, one each for seed parents (B-lines) and pollinators (R-lines). Majority of parental lines sharing common parentages were found grouped in the same cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 7% of the variation among subpopulations, and 93% of the variation was attributable to within sub-populations. Chromosome 3 had the highest number of LD regions. Genomic LD decay distance was 0.69 Mb and varied across the different chromosomes. Genetic diversity based on 11 agro-morphological and grain quality traits also suggested that the majority of the B- and R-lines were grouped into two major clusters with few overlaps. In addition, the combined analysis of phenotypic and genotypic data showed similarities in the population grouping patterns. The present study revealed the uniqueness of most of the inbred lines, which can be a valuable source of new alleles and help breeders to utilize these inbred lines for the development of hybrids in drought-prone environments.

Abstract Objective: To determine and compare the intraoperative durability of 4 major surgical glove brands. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study is a randomized open-label clinical trial in which surgical gloves from 4 manufacturers are randomized to 5 surgical subspecialty study groups: (1) orthopedic surgery, (2) neurosurgery, (3) colorectal surgery, (4) trauma or acute general surgery, and (5) cardiac and plastic surgeries. The study was divided into 10 periods, with a cross-over design, and was conducted at a tertiary care academic medical center. Participants were licensed and certified physicians, physicians-in-training, scrub nurses, or technicians working within the sterile field. Interventions: Participants from each study group were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 surgical glove manufacturer types and subsequently rotated through the other 3 glove brands such that each participant acted as their own control in the sequential cross-over design. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was to determine and compare the intraoperative failure rate of Biogel® Sterile Surgical undergloves against sterile surgical undergloves from 3 other manufacturers, both as a combined competitor group and individually. Results: There were no differences between brands with respect to the primary outcome of underglove intraoperative failures. Brand 1 wearers were slightly more likely to detect glove failures when they occurred. Conclusion: The durability of surgical gloves intraoperatively is similar across 4 major glove manufacturers. Detection of intraoperative failures is infrequent, though specific glove characteristics may promote enhanced detection. Recognition of glove perforations intraoperatively is important in the maintenance of a maximally sterile field. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03344354.

ABSTRACTIntegrated farming system (IFS), comprising various enterprises such as crop, horticulture, dairy, poultry and fishery optimally, uses farm resources to suit small and medium farms of India. In this study, 55 IFSs with different sizes and several enterprises were assessed in terms of their environment impact, eco-efficiency and technical efficiency (TE). The households, which own these IFS, were grouped into four major categories based on farm size viz., marginal (2.0 ha). Among the farm size category, the highest eco-efficiency was recorded for marginal farms, whereas the lowest eco-efficiency was observed for small farms. The highest eco-efficiency was recorded for farm having five enterprises (INR195 kg CO2eq. ha−1) followed by four enterprises (INR190 kg CO2eq.ha−1). Among the enterprises, the highest eco-efficiency was recorded in fruits, whereas the lowest eco-efficiency was observed in dairy. The TE scores estimated using stochastic frontier analysis decreased with increasing farm size and the highest TE score was recorded for marginal farms, whereas medium and large farms recorded the lowest TE scores. The findings indicated the necessity for imparting training and demonstrations and funding support as well as subsidy for larger adoption of IFS to reap higher returns.

A Bluetooth based battery-powered remote-controlled direct rice seeder was developed to overcome the drudgery and operational difficulties involved in direct seeding by manual drum seeder. The developed seeder consists of micro-controller unit, stepper motor, DC geared motor, motor drivers, battery, wheels and frame. The micro-controller unit is the heart of the developed mechatronic system. The micro-controller unit was designed and developed by Programming. A mobile application was designed and developed to connect the seeder to mobile through Bluetooth connectivity and operated range of 47.6 m which is sufficient for hilly region topography. The developed seeder was evaluated in laboratory conditions at different forward speeds varying from 0.5 to 3.0 km.h−1 and hopper fill levels varying from 25% to 75%. Forward speed of 0.7 km.h−1 and 75% hopper fill level were found optimum with corresponding seed rate of 20.2 kg. ha−1, missing hill index of 0%, hill spacing uniformity of 93.7%, coefficient of variance of number of seeds per hill of 0.25 and hill span of 9.4 cm. The developed seeder was evaluated in the field in puddled soil conditions in Sajong village, East Sikkim, India and the performance was compared with manual drum seeder. The field capacity and field efficiency of the developed seeder was found to be 0.017 ha.h−1 and 62% respectively as compared to 0.023 ha.h−1and 82% in case of manual drum seeder respectively. The developed seeder has reduced drudgery/cumbersome of 64% over manual drum seeder as evident from operator's heart rate and energy expenditure rate. In addition to that the operator can able to sit in a safe and comfortable environment outside the field to operate the developed drum seeder. Moreover, the developed seeder reduces the operational cost of 230 ₹. ha−1 over manual drum seeder.