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E-tourism has become a key component in the tourism industry and allows travelers to easily access information about destinations and services via the Internet, facilitating their travel planning process. Through e-tourism, travelers can research destinations, plan trips, book accommodations, purchase transportation tickets, and explore tourist attractions through online resources. Also, this area helps tourism businesses to effectively promote their services, communicate with clients and manage reservations. E-tourism represents the integration of information and communication technologies in the tourism sector. This concept encompasses the application of digital technologies such as the Internet, mobile applications, online reservation systems, web platforms and social media to improve aspects of travel and tourism. The legal foundation of educational procedures utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms in e-tourism holds significant importance because of the multitude of potential legal complexities and obstacles that could emerge. The Republic of Serbia, like many other countries, is working on improving its regulations in order to enable the development of e-tourism and at the same time ensure the protection of the interests and safety of travelers.

The goal of this research is to analyze the entrepreneurial intentions and potentials of students from the two units of Kosovo and Metohija academy of professional studies (in Zvečan and Uroševac with a temporary headquarters in Leposavić). For the purposes of this research, a survey of a sample of 180 students was applied. Insufficient information on entrepreneurship support programs and insufficient financial resources can be pointed out as the main problems identified in this research. Having in mind the observed problems, it is necessary to define appropriate measures for overcoming them. Also, the paper gives a comparative overview of the results of research conducted with high school students in Vojvodina. At the same time, certain differences in the attitude of students from Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija can be noticed, which can be attributed, among other things, to the political, economic and legal characteristics of the environment.

The aim of this study was to establish a link between genetic diversity and the geographic origin of Pectobacterium strains belonging to three species—P. carotovorum, P. versatile, and P. odoriferum—isolated from cabbage in Serbia by comparing their sequences with those of strains sourced from different hosts and countries in Europe, Asia, and North America. Phylogeographic relatedness was reconstructed using the Templeton, Crandall, and Sing’s (TCS) haplotype network based on concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes dnaX, icdA, mdh, and proA, while pairwise genetic distances were computed by applying the p-distance model. The obtained TCS haplotype networks indicated the existence of high intra-species genetic diversity among strains of all three species, as reflected in the 0.2–2.3%, 0.2–2.5%, and 0.1–1.7% genetic distance ranges obtained for P. carotovorum, P. versatile, and P. odoriferum, respectively. Five new haplotypes (denoted as HPc1–HPc5) were detected among cabbage strains of P. carotovorum, while one new haplotype was identified for both P. versatile (HPv1) and P. odoriferum (HPo1). None of the TCS haplotype networks provided evidence of significant correlation between geographic origin and the determined haplotypes, i.e., the infection origin. However, as haplotype network results are affected by the availability of sequencing data in public databases for the used genes and the number of analyzed strains, these findings may also be influenced by small sample size.

The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the pectolytic bacteria responsible for the emergence of bacterial soft rot on two summer cabbage hybrids (Cheers F1 and Hippo F1) grown in the Futog locality (Bačka, Vojvodina), known for the five-century-long tradition of cabbage cultivation in Serbia. Symptoms manifesting as soft lesions on outer head leaves were observed during August 2021, while the inner tissues were macerated, featuring cream to black discoloration. As the affected tissue decomposed, it exuded a specific odor. Disease incidence ranged from 15% to 25%. A total of 67 isolates producing pits on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium were characterized for their phenotypic and genotypic features. The pathogenicity was confirmed on cabbage heads. Findings yielded by the repetitive element palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) technique confirmed interspecies diversity between cabbage isolates, as well as intraspecies genetic diversity within the P. carotovorum group of isolates. Based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using genes dnaX, mdh, icdA, and proA, five representative isolates were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum (Cheers F1 and Hippo F1), while two were identified as Pectobacterium versatile (Hippo F1) and Pectobacterium odoriferum (Hippo F1), respectively, indicating the presence of diverse Pectobacterium species even in combined infection in the same field. Among the obtained isolates, P. carotovorum was the most prevalent species (62.69%), while P. versatile and P. odoriferum were less represented (contributing by 19.40% and 17.91%, respectively). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) performed with concatenated sequences of four housekeeping genes (proA, dnaX, icdA, and mdh) and constructed a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree enabled insight into the phylogenetic position of the Serbian cabbage Pectobacterium isolates. Bacterium P. odoriferum was found to be the most virulent species for cabbage, followed by P. versatile, while all three species had comparable virulence with respect to potato. The results obtained in this work provide a better understanding of the spreading routes and abundance of different Pectobacterium spp. in Serbia.

Preduzeća u Republici Srbiji se nalaze pred izazovom da budu još inovativnija, produktivnija i profitabilnija a istovremeno još odgovornija i održivija. Savremeni tokovi privrede, fleksibilni uslovi privređivanja i turbulentno okruženje zahtevaju savremenu organizaciju koja se kao dinamički sistem permanentno menja, usavršava i prilagođava okruženju u kojem obavlja svoje poslovne aktivnosti. Promovisanje održivog razvoja predstavlja radikalan zaokret u koncepciji zaštite životne sredine. Osnovna ideja jeste što čvršće povezivanje ekonomskog rasta i razvoja i problema životne sredine. Ideja održivog razvoja je ubedljivija ukoliko se tumači kao način da dodatni nivo razvoja može biti društveno nepotreban ukoliko se životna sredina ugrozi, odnosno ako veća nejednakost u raspodeli vodi lošem životu čitave zajednice. Zbog toga poslovanje na društveno odgovoran način postaje ključna tema i imperativ savremenog poslovanja preduzeća, s obzirom da se poslovanje odvija u okruženju o kome se mora voditi računa.