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With the high-paced change in the world, the market trends are changing fast and so do the technological innovations. The market is constantly moving and being affected by a number of external factors, making it difficult for investors to make decision. To solve this problem, a technique called Algorithmic Trading is being implemented widely. It refers to use of computer algorithms to make trading decisions without human intervention. In this paper, the algorithm used to predict the stock prices is the LSTM model which is a methodology of neural networks.The existing models are less accurate as they do not take technical factors into consideration. LSTM model, having error of only 0.00036%, overcomes this limitation and also takes temporal factor into consideration.

Abstract Construction industry plays a significant role in the economic development of the nation. Due to site and other constraints, concreting is preferred by ready mix concrete (RMC) plants. It is very well-known fact that the construction industry immensely contributed for CO2 emission mainly from cement-based materials. One of the way to achieve smart city objective to effectively manage ready mix concrete plants. While opting for RMC over site mixing offers various advantages. In this study, key factors governing the sustainability and energy consumption of RMC plants are identified. This study investigates the efficiency and sustainability of RMC production in Maharashtra, suggesting that its efficiency hinges on various factors. Through a constructivist perspective, the research examines twelve RMC plants in Pune mainly and other parts of Maharashtra, finding that power supply, plant output, and capacity require sustainability. While raw material supply is deemed sustainable, management methods and product control were found lacking. The study identifies challenges affecting demand, such as regulatory issues, management issues and technological limitations. The conclusion emphasizes the need for alternative and sustainable power sources, skilled labor, and improved business processes to enhance RMC production efficiency in Maharashtra, recommending measures like waste reuse and innovative advancements. This study will help the stakeholders in prioritizing the resources and process towards more sustainable way.

Commercially available crowdsourced connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data have recently been used to provide stakeholders with actionable and scalable roadway mobility infrastructure performance measures. Transportation agencies and automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) share a common vision of ensuring the privacy of motorists that anonymously provide their journey information. As this market has evolved, the fleet mix has changed, and some OEMs have introduced additional fuzzification of CV data around 0.5 miles of frequently visited locations. This study compared the estimated Indiana market penetration rates (MPRs) between historic non-fuzzified CV datasets from 2020 to 2023 and a 5–11 May 2024, CV dataset with fuzzified records and a reduced fleet. At selected permanent interstate and non-interstate count stations, overall CV MPRs decreased by 0.5% and 0.3% compared to 2023, respectively. However, the trend in previous years was upward. Additionally, this paper evaluated the impact on data characteristics at freeways and intersections between the 5–11 May 2024, fuzzified CV dataset and a non-fuzzified 7–13 May 2023, CV dataset. The analysis found that the total number of GPS samples decreased 10% statewide. Of the evaluated 54,284 0.1-mile Indiana freeway, US Route, and State Route segments, the number of CV samples increased for 33.8% and decreased for 65.9%. This study also evaluated 26,291 movements at 3289 intersections and found that the number of available trajectories increased for 28.3% and decreased for 70.4%. This paper concludes that data representativeness is enough to derive most relevant mobility performance measures. However, since the change in available trajectories is not uniformly distributed among intersection movements, an unintended sample bias may be introduced when computing performance measures. This may affect signal retiming or capital investment opportunity identification algorithms.

Intersection safety has been traditionally evaluated using three to five years of crash data. Recent literature suggests that connected vehicle (CV)-derived hard braking (HB) events can provide a surrogate for crashes with only a few weeks or months of data collection. This study used CV trajectories to derive HB events. Then, the HB events were normalized as the ratio of HB events to sampled CV trajectories. The normalized HB ratios were evaluated and compared at 435 signalized intersections, roundabouts, and all-way stops in Indiana. The analysis showed that signalized intersections and roundabouts had the highest counts of HB events, and all-way stops had the highest HB ratios. Through movements at signalized intersections showed the lowest HB ratios, whereas left turns at all-way stops had the highest ratios. A density analysis of the geospatial occurrence of HB events concluded that they tend to occur closest to the intersection center at all-way stops, but are more evenly distributed at signalized intersections. Additionally, a speed analysis indicated that HB events at signalized intersection through movements tend to occur at higher speeds, roughly between 26 and 36 MPH, perhaps due to the driver reaction during the onset of yellow. The findings presented in this study provide transportation agencies with insights on the occurrence of normalized HB ratios at three different intersection types. The data provided in this paper provide a framework for agencies to use HB ratios to screen different types of intersections for further evaluation.

Technological advancement in communication leading to 5G, motivates everyone to get connected to the internet including ‘Devices’, a technology named Web of Things (WoT). The community benefits from this large-scale network which allows monitoring and controlling of physical devices. But many times, it costs the security as MALicious softWARE (MalWare) developers try to invade the network, as for them, these devices are like a ‘backdoor’ providing them easy ‘entry’. To stop invaders from entering the network, identifying malware and its variants is of great significance for cyberspace. Traditional methods of malware detection like static and dynamic ones, detect the malware but lack against new techniques used by malware developers like obfuscation, polymorphism and encryption. A machine learning approach to detect malware, where the classifier is trained with handcrafted features, is not potent against these techniques and asks for efforts to put in for the feature engineering. The paper proposes a malware classification using a visualization methodology wherein the disassembled malware code is transformed into grey images. It presents the efficacy of Granulometry texture analysis technique for improving malware classification. Furthermore, a Semi Eager (SemiE) classifier, which is a combination of eager learning and lazy learning technique, is used to get robust classification of malware families. The outcome of the experiment is promising since the proposed technique requires less training time to learn the semantics of higher-level malicious behaviours. Identifying the malware (testing phase) is also done faster. A benchmark database like malimg and Microsoft Malware Classification challenge (BIG-2015) has been utilized to analyse the performance of the system. An overall average classification accuracy of 99.03 and 99.11% is achieved, respectively.

The path of totality for the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, passed through 13 states in the United States from Texas on the western end through Maine on the eastern end. This paper reports on the use of connected truck data to evaluate the impact of the solar eclipse on traffic mobility on Interstate routes in those thirteen states. Approximately 192 million connected truck data records from more than 240,000 trucks were systematically analyzed. Overall, eleven states (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Vermont) were observed to have a total week over increase in the number of mile hours of Interstate operating below 45 mph by 66%. The other two states, Texas and Oklahoma were observed to have an actual reduction in week over congestion during the eclipse by 35%. Indiana had the highest increase in congestion on eclipse day by 856 mile-hours and significant mobility impacts were observed the day before and the day after the eclipse as well. This was likely due to the number of large viewing events distributed across the region of totality. A combination of roadside ITS cameras and on-vehicle dash camera images were used to qualitatively assess the prevailing roadway conditions and provide context. In addition to demand induced congestion in areas within or adjacent to totality, the dash cameras identified a variety of unstructured roadside parking adjacent to or within areas of totality.

A series of transition metal complexes of Mn(II),Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and VO(II) have been prepared by using the Schiff base ligand (L) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde. The structural properties of Schiff base ligand were characterized by mass, FT-IR, UV– –Vis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, etc. Also, metal complexes were studied by P- -XRD, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric studies along with various biological activities. The micro analytical data revealed that, the metal complexes have 1:1 stoichiometry composition of M:L. Generally, it is observed that prepared metal complexes show better antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities than its Schiff base ligand.

International trade is a critical part of the United States economy. Land border crossings between the United States and Mexico accounts for a large proportion of the USD 779 billion in trade between these two countries. Monitoring and managing the operations of these land border crossings is critical for ensuring efficient trade and providing appropriate security. This paper examines the opportunity to use connected vehicle data to monitor the travel time delay of passenger vehicles crossing the border for system level assessment across 26 border crossing locations over an analysis period of 25 days in August 2020. A sample size of 51,341 trips from the US to Mexico and 41,708 trips from Mexico to the US were used in this study. Furthermore, 97% trips to the US and 76% trips to Mexico experienced delays. The average delay was 34 min for trips to the US compared to only 2 min for trips to Mexico. In terms of the predictability of border crossing times, there was also substantial variation by direction. The interquartile range of vehicle delay from the US to Mexico was 2 min, while the interquartile range of delay for vehicles travelling from Mexico to the US was 46 min. Border crossings were also ranked using four performance metrics—trip counts, median delay, delayed trip counts and total delays in vehicle hours. Methods for summarizing delay trends by time of the day and day of the week to identify time windows of interest are also presented. Land border crossing operations have a significant influence on security and economic efficiency. We believe the techniques presented in this paper provide a scalable methodology for providing near real-time factual data on border crossing delays that provide important information for land border transport-managing stakeholders to make informed management decisions that balance security and economic efficiency.

Introduction: Understanding pulmonary function at various phases after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is critical for determining the exact pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19. Research Question: What is the correlation between spirometry indices and clinical indicators in COVID-19 patients over a 6-week follow-up? Objectives: 1) To assess deterioration or improvement in spirometry parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and ratio FEV1/FVC in COVID-19 patients. 2) To study the correlation between FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC with oxygen saturation and clinical findings. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a 6-week period among 25, COVID-19 patients who were either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Each patient received a home-use-connected spirometer—SpiroPRO®, a pulse oximeter, and a thermometer from Briota Technologies Pvt Ltd. (BRIOTA). Patients and healthcare professionals were given training for performing spirometry twice a day as well as access to mobile apps was provided. Spirometry indices, patient symptoms, and vital statistics were used to calculate the VIEW™ score using machine learning algorithms. Result: The Bland–Altman plots showed that FEV1 reduced slightly up to 21–28 days and comes back to normal around 42 days. VIEW™ score increased up to day 21 and then decreased toward day 42. An increase in VIEW™ score increases the risk of COVID-19 complications. VIEW™ score and FEV1 showed a significant correlation. Conclusion: Home-based spirometry acts as an effective tool for COVID-19 patients to predict lung complications and also promote self-monitoring thereby reducing the burden on the health system.

# Background Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) are a growing public health concern in India. Early diagnosis and management of CRDs require a good quality spirometry test, a technician to conduct spirometry and a chest physician to interpret the results. In India, these are not available at the primary care level. This study reports the feasibility of a large-scale CRD diagnosis and management program in primary care using a unique point-of-care spirometry solution, Briota PFT in a Box™. # Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 15,602 adults in Dindori Taluka (subdivision), Nashik, Maharashtra state. This study was part of a holistic CRD diagnosis and management program SAVE™ (Spirometry Assisted Virtually Early). Make In India point of care solution Briota PFT in a Box™ was used. A House‐to‐house community-based assessment checklist (CBAC) survey, 4-parameter spirometry test, 15-parameter pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry test and a software-assisted medical examination by the medical officer at primary care were conducted. Software was used to generate CRD diagnosis and lung health score (LHS™). The diagnosis was verified by the chest physician. Confirmed diagnosed patients were provided treatment and offered a patient support program. Interviews were conducted with the patients, nurses, doctors and public health officials for understanding feasibility and documenting learning from program SAVE™. # Results Out of 15,602 adults surveyed, total 4,937 (31.6%) were identified as “CRD high risk”. 1231 participants based on medical examination, spirometry tests and software analysis were identified as CRD candidates by medical officers at primary care. 1154 participants out of 15,602 (7.4%) were confirmed diagnosed as CRD patients post independent evaluation by chest physicians. At the time of follow-up, 537 patients (75% of 712 patients enrolled in patient support program) reported improvement in symptoms and high satisfaction with the program. District health officer, Medical officers, nurses, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) from the primary health care centers confirmed ease of use and feasibility of using Briota PFT in a Box™ in program SAVE™. Outcome and learning from program SAVE™ was documented and submitted to Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. # Conclusions CRD diagnosis and management in large scale settings in primary healthcare level using a point of care spirometry solution Briota PFT in a Box™ is highly feasible.

Traditional techniques of monitoring roadway mobility during winter weather have relied on embedded road sensors, roadside cameras, radio reports from public safety staff, or public incident reports. However, widely available connected vehicle (CV) data provides government agencies and media with a unique opportunity to monitor the mobility impact of inclement weather events in near real-time. This study presents such a use case that analyzed over 500 billion CV records characterizing the spatial and temporal impact of a winter storm that moved across the country from 21 to 26 December 2022. The analysis covered 97,000 directional miles of interstate roadway and processed over 503 billion CV records. At the storm’s peak on 22 December at 5:26 PM Eastern Time, nearly 4800 directional miles of interstate roadway were operating under 45 mph, a widely accepted indicator of degraded interstate conditions. The study presents a methodological approach to systematically assess the mobility impact of this winter event on interstate roadways at a national and regional level. The paper then looks at a case study on Interstate 70, a 4350 directional mile route passing through ten states. Statewide comparison showed Ohio was most impacted, with 9% of mile-hours operating below 45 mph on 23 December. High-Resolution Rapid Refresh weather data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was integrated into the analysis to provide a visualization of the storm’s temporal path and severity. We believe the proposed metrics and visualizations are effective tools for communicating the severity and geographic impact of extreme weather events to broad non-technical audiences.

The concept of traffic shock waves was first theorized by Lighthill and Whitham in 1955. The identification of shock wave type and speed in a traffic stream provides critical information about the queue formation and its dissipation. This information can be utilized by various stakeholders for traffic management, emergency response, etc. Such information can also be integrated into the travel time prediction models and real-time route diversions for navigation. Past efforts at identifying shock waves used simulation or analysis based on location-based sensors such as loop detectors. This paper describes scalable methodologies for measuring shock wave propagation using Connected Vehicle (CV) data. The techniques to identify the six different types of shock waves are illustrated through case studies from Indiana highways that use both CV data and the corresponding surveillance camera images. The shock wave speeds for each event are estimated using the linear regression model, with most shock wave speed estimates having a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9 or better. Although shock wave speeds vary by traffic flow rates and geometry, the typical backward forming shock wave speeds ranged from 1.75 to 11.76 mph whereas the backward recovery shock wave speeds were observed to be between 5.78 and 16.54 mph. These techniques can be adapted for real-time use to assist traffic management centers with estimating upstream propagation and recovery time. A case study with a car fire is used to illustrate how this shock wave speed data can be used to frame discussions with first responders regarding how reducing incident clearance time can reduce the risk of secondary crashes.

The growing incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents significant opportunities for transforming medical diagnosis, treatment, and accessibility, especially in countries with diverse populations such as India. Nevertheless, there are significant ethical concerns that accompany these commitments, specifically related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential erosion of human agency. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting a comprehensive policy framework for the responsible implementation of AI in the healthcare sector in India. The framework prioritizes values such as transparency, inclusivity, and public trust. The framework promotes the use of strong data governance mechanisms, such as informed consent, data anonymization, and responsible data sharing practices, based on the most favorable outcomes for ethical AI. In order to address algorithmic bias, it is crucial to conduct regular audits, employ bias mitigation techniques, and implement explainable AI models. Moreover, it advocates for a methodology that prioritizes the needs and well-being of individuals, fostering cooperation between AI and healthcare experts, while also valuing the independence of patients through transparent communication and honoring their decisions. The framework suggests the creation of a specialized regulatory entity with a diverse composition to formulate and enforce ethical standards, oversee adherence, and promptly address complaints. Lastly, recognizing the vital importance of public awareness, it underscores the need for extensive training and development of healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. This will promote well-informed discussions and help alleviate any potential societal concerns. This paper seeks to establish a clear ethical framework and propose a detailed policy structure to enable the use of AI in Indian healthcare. The objective is to create a future where AI can effectively improve healthcare access, reduce disparities, enhance medical results, and ultimately prioritize the wellbeing of patients and society.

Abstract Retraction: [Nitin Nandkumar Sakhare, Imambi S. Shaik, Suman Saha, Prediction of stock market movement via technical analysis of stock data stored on blockchain using novel History Bits based machine learning algorithm, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12092)]. The above article from IET Software, published online on 12 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.

Background: In traditional medicine, Xanthium strumarium is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic plant-based medicine. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) are an ideal in vitro model for drug and bioactive compound screening. This study assessed the potential of X. strumarium aqueous extract on hDPSCs differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. Materials and methods: HDPSCs were isolated and cultured by explant method and characterized by surface marker expression, Colony Forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F), Population Doubling time (PDT), and tri-lineage differentiation. X. strumarium aqueous seed extract (XSE) was prepared and its cytotoxic effect on hDPSCs was examined by MTT assay. The effect of XSE on hDPSC differentiation into osteocytes was investigated by biochemical staining and gene expression. Results: The hDPSCs were positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR surface markers. The cells had a colony-forming ability with a PDT of 44.91 h. The hDPSCs differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The XSE concentration of 15 μg/ml had a significant increase in hDPSC viability. Alizarin Red S staining revealed that XSE treatment enhanced calcium accumulation and matrix mineralization in hDPSCs. XSE treatment also increased osteonectin and IL-6 transcript expression in osteogenesis-induced hDPSCs. Conclusion: X. strumarium aqueous extract is a suitable candidate for bone repair because it promotes osteogenic differentiation in hDPSCs. Therefore this could be explored further in the treatment of bone disorders.

Abstract The present research investigates the design of compact and lightweight waste collection system (WCS) for interplanetary missions such as Mars, and the Moon as well as the space with the required features of NASA’s lunar loo challenge (released date: 25th June, 2020). Existing space toilets’ WCS store waste in small plastic bags and these bags are thrown in the space which increases the space junk. If these WCS are used on planets, they could pollute the planets. The newly designed—unisex and self-sustainable space toilet meets its objective of intimacy and warmth for the astronauts as it is equipped with all essential features such as (a) the basin for vomit collection, (b) the rotating waste storage based on the mechanism of artificial gravity, and (c) the noiseless bellow pump for air flow flushing system (AFFS). The WCS is designed for the storage of urine, faeces, vomit, diarrhoea, and menses. In the first half of the research article, the focus is kept on improving self-sustainability of the present WCS. In the second half of the present investigation analyses are done for multiphase flows of the CFD analysis in ANSYS fluent to simulate the flow of air through the nozzle provided with (a) the seat, (b) the urine funnel, and (c) the basin for air flow flushing system (AFFS). The design of the present self-sustainable space toilet proposed herewith is justified suitable for different gravitational conditions such as (a) Mars (3.721 m/s2), (b) the Moon (1.62 m/s2), and (c) the zero—or microgravity i.e., the space gravity. The proposed solar-operated WCS could be integrated to function with (a) water recovery and management (WRM) system, (b) the inbuilt composting unit, and (c) the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Furthermore, the assessment of the required electrical energy derived from the solar energy (harnessed using efficient solar photovoltaic (PV) modules) is conceptualized for the effective functioning of the present self-sustainable WCS. Article highlights The present investigation explores into the design of lightweight and compact WCS for interplanetary missions such as Mars and the Moon, as well as space missions with the functionality listed by NASA's lunar toilet competition (released date: 25th June, 2020). The actual space toilets, which are used on the International Space Station (ISS), are not designed to withstand varying gravity circumstances. The new advanced—unisex and self-sustaining space toilet achieves its goal of intimacy and warmth for astronauts by including all necessary features such as (a) a vomit collection basin, (b) rotating waste storage based on artificial gravity mechanism, and (c) a noiseless bellow pump for air flow flushing system (AFFS).

Background: Caries is a multifactorial disease, microbes being an important etiological factor. “Probiotics” are nonpathogenic microbes which can stimulate health-promoting flora and suppress pathogens. It's the era of prevention, clinical approach toward prevention by altering bacterial ecology is the need of the hour. The aim of the study was to evaluate anticariogenic effect of probiotic curd (Amul's Probiotic Dahi) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12) in 6–12 years of age group. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study conducted on school children aged between 6 and 12 years having Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and/or deft ≥2. Selected subjects were divided into two groups of 31 each, study group received probiotic curd (“Amul's Probiotic Dahi”) two times a day in a quantity of 100 g, respectively, for 21 days and control group did not receive any intervention. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count and salivary pH estimation were done at the baseline, after 7 days and at the end after 24 days, for comparison. Results: No statistical difference was seen in salivary S. mutans count between both groups, after intervention of 7 days. However, there was significant difference in salivary S. mutans count at the end of 24 days. There was no statistical difference in salivary pH between both groups. Conclusion: The present study concludes that probiotics substitute decreases salivary S. mutans count after continuous consumption for 3 weeks and there is no short-term effect on salivary pH.

One of the dominant causes of noise pollution is the disruptive honking while traveling on a road and is particularly problematic as well as resulting in irritating sound. This results in many effects that need to be addressed taking into consideration stress, depression, mental and physical illnesses. The proposed system comprises of an embedded module that will be of great benefit to citizens of society adjacent to heavily populated roads, students studying in schools near crowded roads, patients admitted to roadside hospitals, etc. Noise Armor's alternative approach needs immense expenditure and personnel for both repair and surveillance as there is the need for expensive noise absorbers. By developing a real-time (smart) honking device that automatically allows vehicles on the road to reduce the volume of horn near conscious areas such as schools , hospitals, old-age homes, baby care centers and other organizations that are adversely damaged, our research aims to develop an effective solution for excessive honking.

Dielectric metasurfaces give rise to very interesting optical and photonic properties such as Huygens lens, absolute transmission and absorption, directional scattering, etc. Liquid crystal based dynamic metasurfaces are being increasingly explored due to their excellent tunability of polarization, phase and amplitude modulations, enabling applications in spatial light modulators (SLM’s), holography, AR and VR and flat optics. We investigate the effect of geometry of dielectric microstructures on electromagnetic response and switching of Dual frequency liquid crystal based metasurfaces in the mid-IR range of frequencies. Scattering response, near-field profiles and far-field radiation show significant dependence on the alignment and geometry of the microstructures. At selected frequencies switching between different polarization directions and variable phase modulations are observed simultaneously. Response times calculated theoretically show switching times of the order of milliseconds paving way for ultrafast multifunctional active metasurfaces.

Abstract: It has learned that soybean is being affected by a floral disorder known as floral malady where plants fail to develop pod and do notattendfull maturity. For this floral disorder, we present a new methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) approach for the evaluation of relative quantitative characteristics of non-methylation, hyper-methylation, hemi-methylation, and full methylation status of CCGG sequences, which are recognized by the isoschizomers HpaII and MspI. We applied a technique to analyze alterations in the cytosine methylation a popular Indian soybean (Glycine max L.) genotype, JS-335.The result revealed that in the symptomatic plant, out of 392 MSAP sites, 281 (71.68%), 33 (8.41%),38 (9.69%), and 40(10.20%) found to beun-methylated, hemi-methylated, fully methylated and hyper-methylated, respectively. Whereas, the MSAP profile of asymptomatic plants revealedout of 402MSAP sites, 330 (81.28%) was un-methylated, 22(5.41%) hemi-methylated,29(7.14%) fully methylatedand 25 (6.15%) hypermethylated. In comparison with asymptomatic(18.71%) plant, approximately 10% increased methylation was noted in symptomatic(28.31%) plantprofiles. The increased levels of methylation was recorded in the symptomatic plants about 28.31%and18.71% in asymptomatic. The study showed a higher epigenetic influence on JS-335 genotype of floral malady symptomatic than same genotype of asymptomatic plant. No pod formation in symptomatic plant induce genome wide changes either in promoter or coding region of gene(s) and DNA fragments showing polymorphism related to differences in pattern and extent of methylation associated with floral malady.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes with the use of Ilizarov's external fixator in infected nonunion of tibia. Materials and Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study at a teaching medical institute, patients who were treated with Ilizarov's external fixator for infected nonunion of tibial fractures were assessed. Achievement of union and the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) outcomes were assessed. Results: Between January 1995 and December 2018, a total of 20 patients identified who underwent Ilizarov's procedure. The median age was 43.5 years (range: 7–65 years). The median level of bone defect was 60 mm. In 20 cases, 18 had infected nonunion. The median consolidation time was 8 months. During the median follow-up of 2 years, 83.3% (15/18) achieved complete union. The median union time was 11 months. Pin-tract infections were observed in 33.3% (6/18) of the patients. As per ASAMI outcomes, bone results were excellent in 72.2% (13/18), good in 11.1% (2/18), and poor in 16.7% (3/18), and the function results were excellent in 50% (9/18), good in 33.3% (6/18), and poor in 16.7% (3/18). Conclusion: Ilizarov's ring fixation is a reliable and suitable method for providing excellent bone and functional results in infected nonunion of tibia.

The emergence of the latest technologies gives rise to the usage of noninvasive techniques for assisting health-care systems. Amongst the four major cardiovascular diseases, stroke is one of the most dangerous and life-threatening disease, but the life of a patient can be saved if the stroke is detected during early stage. The literature reveals that the patients always experience ministrokes which are also known as transient ischemic attacks (TIA) before experiencing the actual attack of the stroke. Most of the literature work is based on the MRI and CT scan images for classifying the cardiovascular diseases including a stroke which is an expensive approach for diagnosis of early strokes. In India where cases of strokes are rising, there is a need to explore noninvasive cheap methods for the diagnosis of early strokes. Hence, this problem has motivated us to conduct the study presented in this paper. A noninvasive approach for the early diagnosis of the strokes is proposed. The cascaded prediction algorithms are time-consuming in producing the results and cannot work on the raw data and without making use of the properties of EEG. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to devise mechanisms to forecast strokes on the basis of processed EEG data. This paper is proposing time series-based approaches such as LSTM, biLSTM, GRU, and FFNN that can handle time series-based predictions to make useful decisions. The experimental research outcome reveals that all the algorithms taken up for the research study perform well on the prediction problem of early stroke detection, but GRU performs the best with 95.6% accuracy, whereas biLSTM gives 91% accuracy and LSTM gives 87% accuracy and FFNN gives 83% accuracy. The experimental outcome is able to measure the brain waves to predict the signs of strokes. The findings can certainly assist the physicians to detect the stroke at early stages to save the lives of the patients.

This foreword is related to the sixteen papers published in this issue, which were presented at IC2ST-2021 - International Conference on Convergence of Smart Technologies. The Aspire Research Foundation organized this conference in Pune, India, January 9-10, 2021. These sixteen papers have not and will not be published anywhere else.

Salinization of soils and freshwater resources by natural processes and/or human activities has become an increasing issue that affects environmental services and socioeconomic relations. In addition, salinization jeopardizes agroecosystems, inducing salt stress in most cultivated plants (nutrient deficiency, pH and oxidative stress, biomass reduction), and directly affects the quality and quantity of food production. Depending on the type of salt/stress (alkaline or pH-neutral), specific approaches and solutions should be applied to ameliorate the situation on-site. Various agro-hydrotechnical (soil and water conservation, reduced tillage, mulching, rainwater harvesting, irrigation and drainage, control of seawater intrusion), biological (agroforestry, multi-cropping, cultivation of salt-resistant species, bacterial inoculation, promotion of mycorrhiza, grafting with salt-resistant rootstocks), chemical (application of organic and mineral amendments, phytohormones), bio-ecological (breeding, desalination, application of nano-based products, seed biopriming), and/or institutional solutions (salinity monitoring, integrated national and regional strategies) are very effective against salinity/salt stress and numerous other constraints. Advances in computer science (artificial intelligence, machine learning) provide rapid predictions of salinization processes from the field to the global scale, under numerous scenarios, including climate change. Thus, these results represent a comprehensive outcome and tool for a multidisciplinary approach to protect and control salinization, minimizing damages caused by salt stress.

Stability constant of Benazepril hydrochloride drug with transition metal ions Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ using a pH metric titration technique in 20%(v/v) ethanol-water mixture at three different temperatures 300K, 310K & 320K at an ionic strength of 0.1M NaClO4 were studied. The Calvin-Bjerrum method as adopted by Irving-Rossotti has been employed to determine metal-ligand stability, constant logK values. The trend in the formation constants for transition metal ions follows the order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+> Co2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. The thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibb’s free energy change (ΔG), entropy change (ΔS), and enthalpy change (ΔH) associated with the complexation reactions, were calculated.

Stability constant of Benazepril hydrochloride drug with transition metal ions Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ using a pH metric titration technique in 20%(v/v) ethanol-water mixture at three different temperatures 300K, 310K & 320K at an ionic strength of 0.1M NaClO4 were studied. The Calvin-Bjerrum method as adopted by Irving-Rossotti has been employed to determine metal-ligand stability, constant logK values. The trend in the formation constants for transition metal ions follows the order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+> Co2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. The thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibb’s free energy change (ΔG), entropy change (ΔS), and enthalpy change (ΔH) associated with the complexation reactions, were calculated.

A systematic investigation on seasonal variations of cladocera in Udayan Sarovar, a perennial pond near Swami Ramanand Teerth Mahavidyalaya at Ambajogai (Maharashtra, India) was carried out for a period of one year from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 9 species of cladocera were identified. The cladoceran diversity fluctuated seasonally and the maximum number of 240 organisms L–1 was recorded during month of April and minimum number of 22 organisms L–1 during the month of September.

Generation mean analysis implies to study genetics of seed yield and its components in castor (Ricinus communis L.) through generation mean analysis. The additive-dominance model was found adequate for days to maturity of primary spikes in cross I (AKC-1 x RG550), effective length of primary spikes in cross II (48-1 x RG550) and effective length of secondary spikes and number of secondary spikes in cross III (Aruna x RG550). Either dominance gene action or both additive and dominance gene actions were observed to be significant indicating the role of non additive component in the inheritance of most of the characters studied while only additive gene action along with epistatic interaction components were noted for effective length of secondary spikes in the cross I (AKC-1 x RG550) and number of capsules on primary spikes in the cross III (Aruna x RG550).

The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of genotype (G) and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on yield of 10 castor varieties evaluated during three growing seasons (2010-2013). Yield data were analyzed using GGE biplot method. According to the results of combined analysis of variance, genotype × environment interaction was highly significant at 1% probability level, where G and GEI captured 68% of total variability. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 98% of the total GGE variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 94.9% and 3.1% respectively. The first mega environment comprised of environments E1 and E3 with the hybrid DCH 519 being the winner; the second mega environment consisted of environment E2 with the hybrid GCH 7 being the winner. Mean performance and stability of genotypes indicated that the hybrid GCH 7 was highly stable with high yield.

Physicochemical and functional properties of freeze-dried egg powders (egg white, egg yolk, and whole egg) from Japanese quail and white Leghorn chicken were studied comparatively. All egg powders had protein content in the range of 91.13–97.03 g/100 g powder. The quail egg powder had higher mineral and essential amino acid contents, but lower fat content as compared to chicken egg powders (P

Today, data mining is used in every area. In data mining, huge quantity of data can be store. Now education is very powerful field. In this field, data mining suggests many techniques, tools and research plan for extracting large data generated by learning activities in educational system. The main aim of paper, we create a system which is giving rank to teacher as per subject or domain. It will help to assign teaching load to the teacher and assign subject to the teacher. This paper introduces a system i.e. system decide which teacher teaching which subject on the base of rank. The system assigned the subject is based on various parameters such as how many time teachers teach those subjects, resume, work done on subject, area of interest, student feedback ,etc. When principle or HOD assign proper teaching load to the faculty, the expertise of that faculty should be consider. Teaching load distribution is complicated work as it as many constituents such as maximum teaching load as each faculty, number of working hours etc. So, this system is useful to manage load of department. Therefore, there is need of recommendation system which will helpful to HOD as department level and principle as institute level.

Globally, soil salinity has been on the rise owing to various factors that are both human and environmental. The abiotic stress caused by soil salinity has become one of the most damaging abiotic stresses faced by crop plants, resulting in significant yield losses. Salt stress induces physiological and morphological modifications in plants as a result of significant changes in gene expression patterns and signal transduction cascades. In this comprehensive review, with a major focus on recent advances in the field of plant molecular biology, we discuss several approaches to enhance salinity tolerance in plants comprising various classical and advanced genetic and genetic engineering approaches, genomics and genome editing technologies, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-based approaches. Furthermore, based on recent advances in the field of epigenetics, we propose novel approaches to create and exploit heritable genome-wide epigenetic variation in crop plants to enhance salinity tolerance. Specifically, we describe the concepts and the underlying principles of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) and other epigenetic variants and methods to generate them. The proposed epigenetic approaches also have the potential to create additional genetic variation by modulating meiotic crossover frequency.

There are over four million miles of roads in the United States, and the prioritization of locations to perform maintenance activities typically relies on human inspection or semi-automated dedicated vehicles. Pavement markings are used to delineate the boundaries of the lane the vehicle is driving within. These markings are also used by original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for implementing advanced safety features such as lane keep assist (LKA) and eventually autonomous operation. However, pavement markings deteriorate over time due to the fact of weather and wear from tires and snowplow operations. Furthermore, their performance varies depending upon lighting (day/night) as well as surface conditions (wet/dry). This paper presents a case study in Indiana where over 5000 miles of interstate were driven and LKA was used to classify pavement markings. Longitudinal comparisons between 2020 and 2021 showed that the percentage of lanes with both lines detected increased from 80.2% to 92.3%. This information can be used for various applications such as developing or updating standards for pavement marking materials (infrastructure), quantifying performance measures that can be used by automotive OEMs to warn drivers of potential problems with identifying pavement markings, and prioritizing agency pavement marking maintenance activities.

The genetics of seed yield and its components was studied in castor (Ricinus communis L.) utilizing three crosses viz., AKC-1 x RG1636 (Cross - I); Aruna x RG1636 (Cross-II) and AKD-1 x RG1636 (Cross-III) through generation mean analysis. The additive-dominance model was found to be adequate for days to maturity of primary spikes in cross II (Aruna x RG1636) indicating the absence on non- allelic interactions. Additive (d) gene actions along with epistatic gene interactions were found to be significant for effective length of secondary spikes, oil content in the cross I (AKC-1 x RG1636); total number of capsules, 100 seed weight in the cross III (AKD-1 x RG1636), while rest of the characters were found to be governed by non additive gene actions. The classification of gene actions showed the importance of duplicate type of gene action for most of the characters in all the three crosses. Breeding procedures involving either multiple crosses or biparental crosses may be resorted to get transgressive segregants.

Introduction: Skin tumors are classified as melanocytic and non-melanocytic based on presence of melanocytes and melanin pigment in the tumor. Dermoscopy, being a non-invasive technique, is a proven method in recognizing the non-melanocytic and pink tumors by showing specific patterns. In Indian subcontinent, reports on dermoscopy of non-melanocytic and pink tumors are confined only to case reports. Authors studied dermoscopic features of non-melanocytic and pink skin tumors in dermoscopy. Materials and Methods: Study was carried in a tertiary hospital attached to S.Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, between January and December 2016. It was a descriptive study. Patients with signs of non-melanocytic and pink tumors were selected. Demographic data, such as age, gender, and clinical variables in terms of site of tumor and duration were documented. Manual DermLite 3 and videodermoscopy were employed. Both polarized and non-polarized versions were used for examination. Results: Totally 128 patients were present with 75 females and 61 males. Study included pyogenic granuloma (39), squamous cell carcinoma (4), basal cell carcinoma (30), keratoacanthoma (3), seborrheic keratosis (15), trichoepithelioma (2), syringoma (5), apocrine hydrocystoma (2), fibrokeratoma (5), dermatofibroma (6), epidermal cyst (7), sebaceous hyperplasia (2), Bowen's disease (1), steatocystoma multiplex (1), Lymphangioma circumscriptum (3) and milia (3). Numbers in parenthesis indicate number of patients. Conclusion: Dermoscopy of non-melanocytic and pink tumors demonstrates characteristic patterns which vary from white, yellow, brown to blue and red color depending on presence of keratin and hemoglobin. Patterns differ based on the type skin color. Recognition of distinctive vascular and keratin related pattern is of great help in the diagnosis of skin tumors. To the best our knowledge, this is first report of dermoscopy of non-melanocytic and pink tumors on a larger scale from Indian subcontinent.

The food analysis of 80 specimens of Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Borna Reservoir of Maharashtra, India revealed that the food of juveniles mainly consisted of rotifers (35%), followed by copepods (30%), Chlorophyceae (20%), Bacillariophyceae (10%) and aquatic insects (5%). While the food items recorded in the gut of adults were Chlorophyceae (40%), followed by Bacillariophyceae (30%), rotifers (15%), copepods (10%) and aquatic insects (5%). During present study it was found that the juveniles of O. mossamobicus mainly feed on zooplankton, and adults on phytoplankton. Intense feeding was noticed during summer season and juveniles were the active feeders.

BackgroundCognitive decline is a significant public health concern in older adults. Identifying new ways to maintain cognitive and brain health throughout the lifespan is of utmost importance. Simultaneous exercise and cognitive engagement has been shown to enhance brain function in animal and human studies. Virtual reality (VR) may be a promising approach for conducting simultaneous exercise and cognitive studies. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of cycling in a cognitively enriched and immersive spatial navigation VR environment in younger and older adults.MethodsA total of 20 younger (25.9 ± 3.7 years) and 20 older (63.6 ± 5.6 years) adults participated in this study. Participants completed four trials (2 learning and 2 recall) of cycling while wearing a head-mounted device (HMD) and navigating a VR park environment. Questionnaires were administered to assess adverse effects, mood, presence, and physical exertion levels associated with cycling in the VR environment.ResultsA total of 4 subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse effects, yielding a 90% completion rate. Simulator sickness levels were enhanced in both age groups with exposure to the VR environment but were within an acceptable range. Exposure to the virtual environment was associated with high arousal and low stress levels, suggesting a state of excitement, and most participants reported enjoyment of the spatial navigation task and VR environment. No association was found between physical exertion levels and simulator sickness levels.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that spatial navigation while cycling is feasible and that older adults report similar experiences to younger adults. VR may be a powerful tool for engaging physical and cognitive activity in older adults with acceptable adverse effects and with reports of enjoyment. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of a combined exercise and cognitive VR program as an intervention for promoting healthy brain aging, especially in older adults with increased risk of age-related cognitive decline.

Impaired colon motility is one of the leading problems associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An expanding body of evidence supports the role of microbiome in normal gut function and in progression of IBD. The objective of this work is to determine whether diseased full thickness colon specimens, including the neuromuscular region (critical for colon motility function), contain specific oral and gut pathogens. In addition, we compared the differences in colon microbiome between Caucasians (CA) and African Americans (AA). Thirty-nine human full thickness colon (diseased colon and adjacent healthy colon) specimens were collected from Crohn's Colitis (CC) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients while they underwent elective colon surgeries. We isolated and analyzed bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from colon specimens by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region. The microbiome proportions were quantified into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by analysis with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial ecology (QIIME) platform. Two hundred twenty-eight different bacterial species were identified by QIIME analysis. However, we could only decipher the species name of fifty-three bacteria. Our results show that proportion of non-detrimental bacteria in CC or UC colon samples were altered compared to adjacent healthy colon specimens. We further show, for the first time in full thickness colon specimens, that microbiome of CC and UC diseased specimens is dominated by putative oral pathogens belonging to the Phyla Firmicutes (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus), and Fusobacteria (Fusobacterium). In addition, we have identified patterns of differences in microbiome levels between CA and AA specimens with potential implications for health disparities research. Overall, our results suggest a significant association between oral and gut microbes in the modulation of colon motility in colitis patients.

Background: Previously we reported that a hexon-modified adenovirus (Ad) vector containing the invasive neutralizing epitope of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) trypomastigote gp83 (Ad5-gp83) provided immunoprotection against T. cruzi infection. The purpose of this work was to design an improved vaccine for T. cruzi using a novel epitope capsid incorporation strategy. Thus, we evaluated the immunoprotection raised by co-immunization with Ad5-gp83 and an Ad vector containing an epitope (ASP-M) of the T. cruzi amastigote surface protein 2. Methods: Protein IX (pIX)-modified Ad vector (Ad5-pIX-ASP-M) was generated, characterized, and validated. C3H/He mice were immunized with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M and Ad5-gp83 and the cell-mediated responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and intracellular staining. Immunized mice were challenged with T. cruzi to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. Results: Our findings indicate that Ad5-pIX-ASP-M was viable. Specific CD8+ T-cell mediated responses prior to the challenge show an increase in IFNγ and TNFα production. A single immunization with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M provided protection from T. cruzi infection, but co-immunizations with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M and Ad5-gp83 provided a higher immunoprotection and increased survival rate of mice. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that the combination of gp83 and ASP-M specific epitopes onto the capsid-incorporated adenoviruses would provide superior protection against Chagas disease as compared with Ad5-gp83 alone.

The Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the primary greenhouse gases emitted by various human activities. CO2 is naturally present in the atmosphere as part of carbon cycle. Human activities are altering the carbon cycle by adding or removing CO2 to the atmosphere. The main human activity that emits the CO2 is combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation. Compression ignition (CI) engines emit high amount of CO2 emission as it is the end product of complete combustion of hydro carbon fuels. Moreover, they emit higher NOx (nitrogen oxides) and PM (particulate matter) emissions and have higher fuel consumption. In the present study, experimental investigations were carried out on a CI engine under dual fuel mode with biodiesel as a pilot fuel and compressed natural gas (CNG) as a main fuel. The effects of 10 % and 20 % CNG energy shares on performance and emission characteristics of the engine at rated (100%) loads were studied. Experimental results indicate the beneficial of CNG addition on improvement in the engine efficiency, and reduction in NOx and CO2 emissions. The NOx and CO2 emissions decreased by 14.24 % and 30 % respectively at the rated load with biodiesel + CNG (20 % energy share) as compared to base diesel. No knocking combustion was observed during the tests which confirm the smooth operation. The dual fuel operation with combination of CNG-biodiesel is an effective method to reduce NOx and CO2 emissions with an additional benefit of lower specific energy consumption.

This paper presents a view on comparative study of use of diesel fuel with B20 biodieselblend (Diesel (80 %, by vol.) and Cotton seed oil (20 %, by vol.)) derived from Cotton seeds. As higher NOx emission and higher brake specific fuel consumption are main challenges for effective utilization of biodiesel fuel in a diesel engine, there is alarming need to find out the long term solution to reduce NOx emission for better utilization of biodiesel fuel in a diesel engine. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is one of the useful technologies to reduce the NOx emission of a diesel engine. In the present research work test is conducted on 3 KW single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, variable compression ratio (VCR) computerized diesel engine using diesel and B20 cotton seed biodiesel blend to study the effect of exhaust gas recirculation on performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine in terms of fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and emissions such as hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of a diesel engine. The constant engine speed of 1500 rpm was maintained through-out the experiment test. The exhaust gas recirculation was varied as 4 % and 6 % at different loading conditions with diesel and B20 biodiesel. The results show that the significant reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) with 4 % and 6 % EGR for B20 whereas marginal increment in CO and HC emissions.

The food analysis of 80 specimens of Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Borna Reservoir of Maharashtra, India revealed that the food of juveniles mainly consisted of rotifers (35%), followed by copepods (30%), Chlorophyceae (20%), Bacillariophyceae (10%) and aquatic insects (5%). While the food items recorded in the gut of adults were Chlorophyceae (40%), followed by Bacillariophyceae (30%), rotifers (15%), copepods (10%) and aquatic insects (5%). During present study it was found that the juveniles of O. mossamobicus mainly feed on zooplankton, and adults on phytoplankton. Intense feeding was noticed during summer season and juveniles were the active feeders.

In India, hemoglobinopathies constitute a major genetic disorder and hemoglobin variants such as Hb S, Hb D Punjab, and Hb E are the most common ones. Other variants include Hb Q India, Hb Lepore, Hb J Meerut, Hb D Iran, etc. These variants show heterozygous state along with beta thalassemia. However, compound heterozygosities among these variants are very rare. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid whole blood sample received for routine thalassemia screening was subjected to alkaline electrophoresis using automated capillary zone electrophoresis. Suspecting the presence of rare variants, further analysis was carried out using Bio-Rad D10 and Tosoh G8 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Capillary zone electrophoretograms showed the presence of peaks in zone Hb A, Hb D, a fused peak in Hb A2, and a small peak in Z1 zone. Bio-Rad and Tosoh chromatograms also indicated the presence of four peaks which are identified as Hb A, Hb D Punjab, Hb Q India, and hybrid of Hb D Punjab/Hb Q India. A peak in Hb D zone of capillary was due to co-migration of Hb D Punjab and Hb Q India variants. Small peak in Z1 zone indicated the presence of alpha chain variant Hb Q India. The findings were further confirmed by HPLC results and molecular genetic studies. The present study reports for the 1 st time a rare hemoglobinopathy of double heterozygosity for Hb D Punjab, Hb Q India on Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing analyzer and is forth reported case for this rare hemoglobinopathy.

The phytoplanktonic samples were collected from the Gharni Reservoir of Latur district of Maharashtra for a period of one year, from June 2013 to May 2014. Totally 18 species of phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic groups were identified. Among these 7 species belong to Chlorophyceae, 5 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 species to Bacillariophyceae and 3 species to Euglenophyceae. The phytoplankton productivity fluctuated seasonally and the maximum number of 560 units/liter was recorded during month of February and March and minimum number of 95 units/liter during the month of September.

The food analysis of 150 specimens of Clarias batrachus revealed that the food consisted of insect larvae, small fish, shrimps and organic debris. Small fish and insect larvae were preferred as the primary food item in all the seasons. On average for all months of the study period, small fish dominated the list with a percentage of 30.27.The other food items in descending order are insect larvae (27.66%), worms (20.27%), shrimps (14.3%) and organic debris (7.05%).The feeding intensity in mature fishes was found to be very poor during August to September. This period of poor feeding activities in case mature fishes coincides with the peak spawning season.

Abstract High refractive index dielectic metasurfaces are being increasingly studied for their novel light-matter interactions such as Huygen’s lens, absolute transmission and complete absorption. Liquid crystal is a versatile medium with high dielectric anisotropy and hence interaction of light with the dielectric metasurfaces immersed in liquid crystal medium show complex behaviour compared to isotropic media. Most of the investigations on liquid crystal based electromagnetic response of dielectric metasurfaces focus on tunability of resonant frequencies and switching between the resonant states as a function of external stimuli such as electric field, temperature, etc. In the current work we present a detailed numerical investigation based on studies of scattering response, near-field and far-field radiation profiles of cubic Tellurium metasurfaces as a function of liquid crystal orientations in infrared frequencies. We show that the near-field and far-field radiation profiles of primary resonant modes—electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles reorient as a function of liquid crystal orientations. In particular, we study the effect of liquid crystal orientations on novel non-radiative states called anapoles. It is observed that liquid crystal orientations effect the excitation and orientation of anapole states within the Tellurium structures. This paves way for design of an electrically-driven switch between non-radiative and radiative states. Further, controlling the near-field and far-field radiation profiles opens up possibilities in designing liquid crystal based tunable multi-functional metasurfaces which can change the directionality of incident light.