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Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide support for the sustainability of livelihood and financial inclusion through social development. Micro-enterprises helps in empowering the communities especially marginalized section worldwide. The MFIs attempt to transform the lives of poor people, through different interventions. It revolved around the social development of marginalized people. In recent decades, microfinance played a vital role in alleviating poverty and involved empowering low-income earners socially and economically. The present study intended to highlight the role of MFIs located in Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) in enhancing the social and economic status of beneficiaries. This study also acknowledges the significance of MFIs in eradicating poverty, through financial services. In this research, questionnaire responses were gathered and analyzed from 150 beneficiaries of three MFIs (Credit Access Grameen, ESAF, and Fusion Micro-finance) in Jabalpur. The exploratory data analysis reveals diverse findings, regarding the impact of microfinance on the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries through improving their savings, supporting the employment generation, and as a whole improving life standards as well as eradicating poverty. Alternatively, MFI programs also assist beneficiaries in employment generation, to a certain extent. The conclusion of the research prioritizes that MFI programs ought to be accelerated more by the Government through different schemes and can be easily accessed to even remote areas for economic expansion and social development of low-privileged people.

Background: The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. The review of previous studies showed that there is a research gap regarding the psychological meta-analysis of studies of femininity and social development in Iran. Aims: The present research was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis (combination) of studies conducted in the field of femininity and development. Methods: Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 52 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Results: Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/497, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p

The principles of rational production and consumption are one of the key themes of “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Today, most countries of the world are implementing various initiatives aimed at creating a closed-cycle economy, at rational use of natural resources, at preservation of the environment and natural biodiversity, at the development of rational ways to produce, sell, and consume food. The amount of food waste has increased significantly and become a global problem amid growing concern about hunger in a number of states. Food-sharing is a solution to the problem, provided that an appropriate structure is developed that will guide its application. The sharing economy was named as a suitable basis. The autonomous non-commercial organisation “Food-sharing” was chosen as an object in this study. The key goal of the study is to optimise the daily work of the volunteer, coordinator and organisation as a whole that deals with this problem. Possible parameters for the analysis: the volume of products received during the period, the sources of products received, the categories to which they belong (fruits, bakery products, meat, etc.), the geography of exports, the number of volunteers involved during the period, the number of final recipients during the period.

The article examines the importance of folklore works for the social development of younger adolescents in the activities of a social teacher. The relevance of the research is due to various social changes that have a direct positive or negative impact on the development of a personality. The most significant period of social development is adolescence, which is sensitive to expanding social space and increasing the number of social contacts of a teenager. In this connection, it is necessary to search for technologies with high pedagogical potential, which have enormous educational, cognitive, social, aesthetic, and developmental significance in the education and upbringing of young adolescents, which have a direct or indirect impact on their social development. The purpose of the research was to study the pedagogical possibilities of folklore works in the social development of younger adolescents in the activities of a social teacher. The author has analyzed the scientific literature on the investigated problem, which became the basis for the methodology of the research. Using theoretical research methods (analytical methods (analysis and synthesis), the method of generalization and structuring of scientific material), the high significance of the use of folklore works in the social development of young adolescents and its high pedagogical potential in the activities of a social teacher have been proven. It has been proved that pedagogical functions of folklore works can be realized, which significantly increases the social competencies of adolescents.

The term “rural entrepreneurs (RE)” has become a social and rural development factor in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of rural entrepreneurship and describe the typology of entrepreneurship. This research was conducted in three typologies of villages, such as (1) agricultural industry, (2) agritourism, and (3) traditional area, in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through village observation, in-depth interviews with 90 informants, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The dynamics of rural entrepreneurship were affected by various factors: (a) politics, (b) social networks, and (c) economics. Furthermore, three typologies of RE were identified: (1) political-based RE, (2) economic asset-based RE, and (3) social network-based RE. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs could accumulate rural resources, comprising local government and social-economic networks. In summary, the primary keys to encouraging social development in rural areas were providing access to economic assets and social networks and boosting entrepreneurial spirit.

The study was performed to determine the actual implementation of the work immersion in Sultan Kudarat State University Laboratory High School and assessed its help in the social development of Senior High School graduates. The respondents are SHS graduates of the academic year 2018, 2019, and 2020. The result of the effectiveness of work immersion on the social development of senior high school graduates is perceived as highly effective in terms of leadership skills, self-efficacy, and communication skills. Based on the analyzed result, the purpose of this study was a correlation and relationship between work immersion and its effects on the social development of graduates. The result also showed that the respondents did not encounter negative issues or concerns about its implementation.

Postgraduate enrollment expansion policies in China have formed a development system of postgraduate education with an expansion of scale and increase of categories. Taking the institutional equilibrium theory as the prerequisite of assumption, this study evaluates 30 postgraduate enrollment expansion policies using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA method) and explores the matching degree between policy changing path and social development. It is found that path dependence is the main cause and trend of progressive policy change, the construction of the national strategy determines the direction and content of policy change, and the environment induces the abrupt logic and gives early warning to policy change. Therefore, the postgraduate enrollment expansion policy system respects the law of education itself, has contingency and flexibility, adjusts the training structure, and improves the competence of highly specialized talents to serve society. However, it is still necessary to closely follow the social demand to clarify the dialectical relationship between the scale and structure of postgraduate enrollment and highlight the strategic advantages of the government's decision.

Due to climate change and socio-economic development, the growth and distribution of wetland vegetation have been destroyed, resulting in a degradation trend of wetland ecosystem. It is critical to simulate variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) patterns under changing environments to guide targeted restoration and protection. Considering that current NDVI pattern simulation focused only on the linear driving forces of nature or society and had a low simulation efficiency, an integrated simulation framework with dual society-nature drives was proposed. In the framework, the spatial and NDVI patterns were simulated by system dynamics-future land use simulation (SD-FLUS) and random forest (RF) models, respectively. Baiyangdian Wetland in North China was taken as a case study, and its typical vegetation—reed—was taken as the simulation object. The NDVI patterns were simulated under the effects of socio-economic development, climate change and ecological protection policies. The results showed that the spatial patterns were affected by social factors, while the NDVI patterns were affected by natural factors. The spatial aggregations of the NDVI were affected by social and natural factors. Besides, the growth space of reeds was easily encroached under the existing development and protection policies. If ecological protection policies were implemented, the reed area would be restored, but the growth status would be poorer, requiring further protection measures and more attention to the growth status of reeds in sensitive areas. This study provides a new research perspective for simulating NDVI patterns and scientific supports for refined management of wetland vegetation.

The key function of the state and the main priority of its internal policy is the implementation of social policy, which includes a system of measures implemented by the state in the field of social security of the population and its social protection. The focus of social policy on improving the quality of living of certain groups of the population largely determines the relevance of the problem of financial support of the social system, increasing importance of the financial mechanism. Objective: to consider the main aspects and key characteristics of the state’s social policy and the specifics of its implementation at the regional level; to identify the main ways of optimization aimed at improving its effectiveness. Achieving this goal required, firstly, systematization and analysis of the main theoretical aspects that reveal the content, directions of formation and implementation of social policy. Secondly, the definition of the institutional basis for the formation and implementation of social policy. Thirdly, the analysis of the effectiveness of mechanisms for the implementation of social policy at the regional level. Fourth, to assess the socio-economic conditions for the implementation of social policy in the Pavlodar region. The article is based on a comprehensive approach to analyzing the interrelationships of social structure and social policy, taking into account regional aspects. The specifics of the peculiarities of the regions in the formation and implementation of the state social policy were determined.. The article notes that the objects of social policy, as a multidimensional and complex process, are the social sphere and social relations based on interaction between social groups and layers of society. The main goal of social policy is the welfare of citizens, their social protection and social development.

The relevance of the topic under study is determined by the factors of economic and geopolitical instability that have a significant impact on the social well-being of modern Russian society. Under these conditions, the range of distribution of various social risks and deviant forms of behavior, for which the system of intangible values, called social capital, can become a deterrent, is significantly expanding. The purpose of the study is to search for the causes and identify the consequences of the destruction of social capital, to determine the key trajectories for solving these problems in the near future. Within the framework of the issues under consideration, general scientific methods of generalization, detailing, comparison, analysis and synthesis, including the analysis of statistical data, were applied. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that the growth of various forms of deviations is a consequence of a decrease in the level of development of the social capital of society. In addition, it is substantiated that in the absence of a competent approach to solving this problem, the considered pathologies begin to be perceived by society as the norm, resulting in the effect of social diffraction. The conclusions are drawn about the need to intensify the development of social capital to combat various kinds of asocial forms of behavior, strengthen the value system based on social solidarity and responsibility. These measures can significantly increase the level of consolidation of society, strengthen social ties, and develop the legal and moral consciousness of the population.

This study examines the role of universities in promoting change in developing countries, despite facing constraints such as inadequate finance, outdated infrastructure, and the lack of comprehensive frameworks. The methodology of the study will employ a descriptive approach, focusing on direct observation and the recording of social change efforts in universities in developing countries. A selective sample will be chosen, and qualitative data will be evaluated using thematic analysis. It analyzes existing programs, provides a holistic framework for long-term social change, and investigates the role of universities in bringing about real change. This study empowers universities in low-income countries to address societal concerns using their intellectual capital, research capacity, and human resources. It examines contextual limits, best practices, and development areas, acknowledging limitations and highlighting the importance of future research for effective solutions and societal transformation in developing countries. This study explores the challenges universities face in promoting social transformation in developing nations, adding to the ongoing debate on higher education's capacity. It offers a holistic framework for long-term social change and has significant implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders interested in using universities' capacity for genuine social change. The study reached important results, which represented, first, a multifaceted approach to social transformation by playing a decisive role in facilitating social transformation by adopting a multifaceted approach. Then adopting a people-centered approach yields positive results, leading to positive social transformation and long-term growth. This is followed by emphasizing that global cooperation is vital and important in collaborating with global partners and international organizations in addressing complex societal issues and benefiting from diverse knowledge.

Abstract Background Sleep is instrumental for growth and development in children, making it critical to establish healthy sleep habits from the earliest years of life. Many kindergarteners (3–6 years) in China have inadequate and poor sleep, necessitating targeted interventions. This research protocol details the “Healthy Sleep” intervention that was designed to promote healthy sleep among kindergarteners in China. Methods The “Healthy Sleep” intervention will be family-based and will support parents as change agents. The development of the intervention is based on evidence regarding correlates of sleep in young children and guided by Bandura’s social cognitive theory. A 12-month randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of the intervention for promoting healthy sleep in Chinese kindergarteners and the intervention's effects on child development outcomes. A targeted sample of 160 kindergarteners and their parents will be recruited through social media. The intervention group (n = 80) will receive monthly webinars for one year that include multiple intervention components – including educational training, goal setting and planning, as well as follow-up support sessions. The control group (n = 80) will receive videos of the recorded educational sessions after the study end. For primary outcomes, child sleep behaviours will be examined using the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire. For secondary outcomes, communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal-social, and problem-solving development will be examined using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire; executive functions will be examined using the Head, Toes, Knees, and Shoulders Revised tasks. Potential intervention mediators and covariates will be measured using a parental questionnaire. Mixed models will be conducted. Discussion This intervention targets sleep behaviours among kindergarteners in China. It has the potential to inform programs to support parents in helping their child establish healthy sleep habits from the earliest years of life. The study will provide high-quality experimental evidence on sleep behaviours in relation to development outcomes in kindergarteners. This evidence will inform family-based strategies to optimise early childhood development and inform national and international updates of the sleep recommendations for young children. Trial registration The trial was registered prospectively at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2300072105) on 2 June 2023.

Introduction: Play is one of the methods for teaching the necessary movement, emotional and social skills, and structured play is the basis for children's normal communication and learning processes. Aim: The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of a selected movement program of structured, unstructured, and mixed on the social and psychological development of children aged 4-6 years. Method: The present research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included children aged 4-6 years in district-5 of Tehran in 2020. The statistical sample included 60 children who were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 20 children. The studied groups trained for 12-weeks according to their implementation protocol, two session’s per-week and one-hour per-session. The research groups completed Vineland Social Development Questionnaire (1989) and Children Psychological Development (2010) before and after the intervention. A mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version-26 software. Results: The results showed that for social and psychological development, the main effect of levels and the interactive effect of group levels were significant (P0.05). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the mixed and structured groups (P0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results indicating the effectiveness of the mixed exercises on psychological and social development, it is suggested that professionals and physical education teachers use these protocols to improve and promote these skills.

Abstract Background Covid-19 related school closures radically disrupted children’s access to social and educational opportunities and changed daily life for millions of families across the world. Emerging evidence indicates that, overall, closures were associated with a decline in children’s mental health and well-being, although individual experiences varied widely. The extent to which primary schools adapted remote well-being support is likely to have contributed to child and family adjustment, although this has not yet been fully explored in Covid related research. Methods This longitudinal qualitative study examines variability in remote well-being provision in primary schools during the pandemic, and following school reopening, from the perspective of mothers and children using a whole school approaches framework. Twenty-one primary school aged children and their mothers took part in a semi-structured interview at two time points: time one during the first UK national lockdown and time two approximately seven months later after most children had returned to school. A hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach identified key themes relating to trajectories of well-being and remote school approaches over this period. Results School closures were associated with a decline in well-being for most children. Disrupted contact with friends and teachers, and limited opportunities for enriched, meaningful activity were identified as key risk factors. Protective factors included family and child characteristics that mitigated against the loss of wider systems of support, including family socioeconomic status, parental availability, child temperament, and structured daily routines. Four key dimensions of effective remote well-being provision were identified (the 4Cs). The 4Cs - contact, content, creativity and community – provide an accessible framework for schools to foster children’s social relationships and sense of belonging during periods of closure. Analysis of pupil reintegration outcomes suggest that post-Covid support priorities should include extending social and play-based universal interventions in schools. Conclusion Remote well-being support for children during Covid-related school closures varied in quality with implications for children’s mental health and well-being. Findings from this study highlight the importance of ongoing social contact and enriched daily activities to protect children’s well-being and development and present a framework of effective remote wellbeing support for primary schools in the event of future closures or prolonged pupil absence.

The article examines issues related to consideration of theoretical and practical aspects of application of PR activities as an instrument of socioeconomic activity, the article also allocates the novel tools for achieving socioeconomic goals of enterprises of hotel and restaurant business, in particular raising funds. The author emphasizes that corporate social responsibility has a wide range of benefits for business, including increased profitability, lower operating costs, increased staff loyalty, improved relations with communities, increased reputation and market value, as well as a positive image. The author believes that sponsorship and charity are part of the communication conception of the PR strategy of business. Each sponsorship action is formalized by a legal agreement, which clearly and specifically spells out the obligations of both parties – the sponsor and sponsored structures. The article analyzes РR measures of hotel and restaurant business establishments on the basis of charity. The military invasion of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine has become a difficult test for the entire hotel and restaurant business: a list of the largest destroyed or damaged hotels together with the hotels opened during 2022 is provided. After February 24, 2022, some hotel and restaurant business establishments have taken on a volunteer mission and are actively engaged in various types of charity, which helps popularize the establishments. It is studied that in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business an urgent problem is the search for new types of interaction between communities to solve socially important issues, among which is the search for non-traditional sources of financing. To a large extent, the search and attraction of funds in the social sphere is facilitated by innovative technologies for financing social development, fundraising, crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms, which are manifestations of social communications.

Teachers as learning movers are often still having difficulties and are less successful in attracting students' attention to learning and freezing students' roles and social development. Some of the factors that cause the failure of students' social development include the lack of innovation and teacher competency in each lesson. This study aims to determine the form of activities that are applied by the teacher in the rotating roles method to develop students' social competence. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. This research is located in RA. Misbahul Islam Sogaan Pakuniran. Collecting data in this study used interview techniques with school principals, homeroom teachers for grades A and B, observation, and documentation. The data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the study mentioned RA. Misbahul Islam Sogaan Pakuniran in applying the rotating roles method was able to develop the social skills of his students effectively, such as being empathetic, sympathetic, happy, independent, cooperative, and easy to socialize with his friends. The rotating roles learning method is modified into 3 stages in practice, consisting of forming student learning formations as the opening stage, demonstrating the student's role as the core stage, and reflecting on the student's role.

Objectives of the research: The aim of our study was to show that education, although rooted in the past and drawing heavily from the present, especially in modern times, is focused on the upcoming future, on preparing for life in a future marked by rapid changes in the development of civilisation and the hopes, threats and challenges associated with it. Research methods: A critical analysis of scientific/research texts was carried out. A short description of the context of the issue: The everyday reality of our lives increasingly proves that there is a great need for the harmonious and comprehensive development of the personality of children and young people. Living in a world of constant re-evaluation and clearly articulated tendencies close to ethical relativism, in a world of ecological threats, chaos in the field of beauty criteria and rapidly increasing diseases of civilisation at the end of the twentieth century (no less so two decades later), people must have a clear and distinct perspective on what they should be aiming at, on which values they should base their lives and how they should live as free, rational and responsible beings (Śnieżyński, 1999, p. 27). Research findings: The modern school becomes a place of creating needs related to the future as well as a place for locating the intentional expectations of young people and their parents in relation to functioning in reality and in the future. School has become an institution that is required to prepare young people well for life/social functioning in an unknown future. Conclusions and/or recommendations: At this point, one should ask whether the institution of a modern school is able to equip a young person with everything necessary to experience success, generally speaking, so that they will not be excluded or marginalised in the global world (Rzymełka-Frąckiewicz, 2020, pp. 93–108; Rzymełka-Frąckiewicz & Wilk, 2014, pp. 83–94).

Community Health Centers are responsible in their working areas in various aspects both in terms of prevention, detection, and response. They continue to carry out empowerment tasks in the community, research has a difficult because not many researchers have explored the role of Community Health Centers in social development. Some researchers only see Community Health Centers as a health service provider. The purpose of this study is to describe the Community Health Center as an agent of social development during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research used a qualitative research method conducted by field research. The research was conducted in the work area of the East Jakarta Health Office, Community Health Centers in Pulo Gadung. From the results of the study, it was found that the Community Health Centers carried out all indicators of social development so it could be concluded that the Community Health Centers was an agent of social development in Indonesia. The results also show that the description of health services during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Pulo Gadung Health Center is good with the implementation of health services with the Covid-19 service SOP and changes in service flow and the provision of infrastructure that supports health services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Social Development, Community Health Centers, Covid-19

The study was designed with the intention to explore the content, in Islamiat Textbooks of Elementary level (grades 6th-8th), that motivates students’ social skills development. Content analysis method of qualitative research to collect and analyze the data was applied. All the textbooks of Islamiat at Elementary level published by Punjab curriculum and textbook board Lahore, Pakistan; for the academic year 2020-21 served as the population of the study. The Textbooks of Islamiat were selected through purposive sampling. A checklist developed in the light of reviewed literature related to social skills, was used as a research tool to analyze the textbooks content. The checklist was also got validated from the experts of the relevant field. In order to find out social skills given in the checklist, the manifest and latent content of the selected textbooks of Islamiat was analyzed. It was found that the Islamiat textbooks contained content that motivates the development of these seven social skills: critical thinking communication, decision making, cooperation, interpersonal relationship, empathy, and creative thinking skills. However, the content of Islamiat motivated the improvement of critical thinking, creative thinking, communication and cooperation skills at low level: empathy skills at moderate level and decision making and interpersonal relationship skills at high level.

The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled children to embrace remote learning and interact more with their immediate families. However, this increased family interaction may pose a potential risk to children's social development. This study aimed to investigates the relationship between family involvement in healthcare and the social development of children. A cross-sectional correlational design was used, involving reliable questionnaires on family healthcare roles and a school-age child social development questionnaire adapted from the V-SMS (Vineland – Social Maturity Scale). Data were collected from 37 parents of 4th and 5th-grade of elementary school students. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests. The study revealed significant associations between family healthcare roles and children's self-direction ability, decision-making, communication skills, and their abilities to dress, eat, and socialize independently. Negative correlation coefficients for specific variables indicated that family healthcare involvement could potentially hinder school-age children's social development. Further research should consider controlling for various factors affecting family healthcare roles and children's social development. Strengthening the family's role, particularly for those facing challenges in fulfilling various tasks, is crucial. Collaboration programs between nursing and family development, such as "Bina Keluarga Remaja" or Adolescent Family Development in schools, can be beneficial. Additionally, further analysis is needed to understand the impact of family healthcare roles on children's social development during the new-normal era.

The European context calls for strategic decisions to streamline, rationalize and improve the performance of pre-university education by re-evaluating its internal structures, especially the human resources involved in the activity. Changes in structure and function find their ultimate purpose, in terms of optimization and specialization, only when they are linked to the diversity of human factors. The rationale of Romanian educational policies is articulated in the context of developments at the European level and within European states in the last two decades. The considerations in question are based on issues related to changes in the operating environment, whether at international, global, regional, continental or domestic levels: national, regional and local. The presence of the international dimension can be felt by including the United States and Asian countries in the comparative analysis. By coordinating education systems within a common educational framework, in order to obtain the best educational practices from each EU Member State to form a system, it is possible to integrate European programmes between peoples with different histories and cultural values.

Few month old human infants are able to detect the social roles of artificial agents and consistently choose the object behaving as ‘approacher’ rather than ‘repulser’. This preference has been considered evidence of a pre-linguistic and pre-cultural origin of the social mind. Similar preferences have not been described in other species, though comparative data could help clarify the nature of this phenomenon and its evolutionary origin. In this study, we investigated sensitivity to the social role of an artificial agent in domestic chicks. Birds offer an excellent model to study the evolutionary roots of cognitive abilities, since they separated from mammals over 300 Ma. Moreover, the investigation of newly hatched chicks allows control for previous experience. After being exposed to computer-presented animations depicting an interaction among two agents, chicks underwent a free choice test among those same objects. While no initial evidence of a clear preference emerged from the planned analysis, chicks in the experimental condition showed a preference for the ‘approacher’ when controlling for side bias, mirroring human infants behaviour. This suggests the existence of an early ability to discriminate agents from their interactions, independent from any social experience

IntroductionThis paper investigates the links between deforestation and key economic, social, environmental, and geographical variables. We focus on per capita GDP, total forest cover, and the population across a diverse sample of countries from five continents for the last three decades.MethodsThis study utilizes a regression model using panel data to show the impact of key economic, and social variables on deforestation. Also, set of dummy variables is introduced in the paper. To enable the investigation, we use a set of dummies to capture their influence. The random effect specifications are used in this investigation. The research focuses on a period ranging from 1990 to 2020.ResultsResults show how different socio-economic variables influence deforestation. For example, disruptive events like the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis had a negative effect on forest area development across all models. GDP per capita has different impact depending on the size of a country. Former colonies seem to have more deforestation.ConclusionsThe global environmental challenges posed by human activities and their impact on the state of forest have become increasingly evident. It is necessary to undertake policy and governance reforms to establish a solid legal framework, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and foster transparency and accountability. The promotion of sustainable agriculture and agroforestry practices can substantially alleviate pressure on forests. Furthermore, it is necessary to mitigate disruptive events like pandemics by establishing specific strategies and creating contingency plans.

The study of the influence of socio-demographic factors on the development of marketing communications is relevant, as it helps businesses to interact more effectively with the changing needs and behaviour of consumers in the context of global demographic changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate marketing communications that are preferred by different segments of the population. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis of statistical data, logical, graphic, and generalization methods. The study covers various categories of families and their influence on the consumption and perception of advertising. Large families, Muslims, gay people, and serial monogamists were found to have their own unique characteristics and preferences in advertising. Specifically, large families can be targeted by advertising aimed at children’s goods and services, which can be encountered while walking with children. Muslim families who are allowed to have multiple wives may be interested in advertising that reflects the values and needs of this religious group. Gay people and serial monogamists may show a greater interest in branded clothing and higherpriced goods. Furthermore, the age and income level of the population influence the perception of advertising. Young and middle-aged people may be more trusting of advertising, while older people may show less trust in it. It was also found that advertising in the media and Internet advertising are effective channels of communication with various categories of the population. The results of the study can be used to adjust marketing strategies, from the correction of advertising messages to the selection of platforms for advertising promotion, which, considering the demographic characteristics of the target audience, can significantly increase the effectiveness of marketing activities and business profitability

This article analyzes the process of global population aging, which has a significant impact on all areas of public life in the 21st century. The influence of the population aging process on various areas of social activity will be determined by its scale and depth, i.e. by the potential demographic structure of the future society. At the same time, the ability of modern society to cope with elevated risks associated with this process is a problematic matter. The risks and problems associated with population aging include economic recessions, pension crises, the issue of caring for the increasingly more numerous disabled and frail people, maintaining the financial savings of the elderly, the issue of ageism, and the vulnerability of the elderly during periods of crisis and pandemics, and consequently maintaining life expectancy as well as stable democracy and even world order. These risks and problems are of particular concern given that by the mid-21st century two thirds of people over the age of 65 will be living in medium and low income countries. Moreover, aging will affect even today’s poorest countries that are located in Sub-Saharan Africa with their populations that are still young as of today. In view of this, the problem of social security and healthcare for the elderly is becoming increasingly acute and requires implementing proactive measures. The problem of population aging does not get enough attention from such international organizations as the UN and WHO; in general, studies on this issue both in the public realm and in scientific discourse are limited. However, even now global aging is an extremely important problem, and we assume that it will become the most crucial problem in the future. Thus, not paying sufficient attention to it might lead to negative consequences such as societal tensions, crises and intergenerational conflicts, as well as political and social instability. In this article we approach the process from the perspective of transitioning from perceiving it as a problem to considering it as something that provides new opportunities associated with the more mature and older generation possessing worldly wisdom and experience. Today specific measures must be taken in different areas, and special long-term programs must be adopted to promote a higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the older generation, as well as to combat the widespread stereotype of feeling doomed at an old age, the idea being that your life is over. Grinin et al. point out the importance of technologies, the development of which can be stimulated specifically by the process of global aging and the need to increase life expectancy. As a background for the forthcoming technological wave (which we refer to as the Cybernetic Revolution), global aging may create an acute demand for labor-conservation technologies, as well as provide a powerful stimulus for the field of medicine. Progress in the latter realm would help prolong working age and improve health-related (biological) quality of life.

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries. The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent, since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries. The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’ socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index (CCDI). The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields (social development, digital development, economic development, and environmental security) and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI. The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine. The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries. This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities, it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors. This was confirmed by the results obtained, demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI. The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology (e.g., the CCDI) for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Citizen security is an essential condition for the realization of people; in contribution to this, the objective of the article is to provide relevant information on the behavior of crime, analyzing the crimes of greater social connotation that occurred in the communes of the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The chosen method is a logistic model, which includes socioeconomic and demographic covariates of each commune, as well as spatial and temporal effects. In the case of the former, it highlights the importance of the population, infant mortality, permanent personal income, and poverty as factors that significantly increase the probability of committing crimes, especially robbery in all its forms. In this same order of ideas, school attendance and green areas reduce the occurrence of crimes. Crimes that stand out for their extreme violence, such as homicide and rape, occur with greater probability on Saturday and Sunday, besides on Friday, for the crimes of lesions and robbery with violence. This type of analysis is important because it allows identifying criminal patterns that crime can adopt, all aimed at focused and evidence-based crime prevention, to contain crime and, thus, favor human development, which that allows the individual and the community to realize their legitimate aspirations.

Purpose – Social development is the ultimate goal of every nation, and climate change is a major stumbling block. Climate Risk Index has documented several climate change events with their devastations in terms of lives lost and economic cost. This study aims to link the climate change and renewable energy with the social progress of extreme climate affected countries. Design/methodology/approach – This research used the top 50 most climate-affected countries of the decade and estimated the impact of climate risk on social progress with moderation effects of renewable energy and technology. Several competing panel data models such as quantile regression, bootstrap quantile regression and feasible generalized least square are used to generate robust estimates. Findings – The results confirm that climate hazards obstruct socioeconomic progress, but renewable energy and technology can help to mitigate the repercussion. Moreover, improved institutions enhance the social progress of nations. Research limitations/implications – Government should improve the institutional quality that enhances their performance in terms of Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption to increase social progress. In addition, society should use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels to avoid environmental degradation and health hazards. Innovation and technology also play an important role in social progress and living standards, so there should be free hand to private business research and development, encouraging research institutes and universities to come forward for innovation and research. Practical implications – The ultimate goal of all human struggle is to have progress that facilitates human beings to uplift their living standard. One of the best measures that can tell us about a nation’s progress is Social Progress Index (SPI), and one of many factors that can abruptly change it is the climate; so this study is an attempt to link the relationship among these variables and also discuss the situation where the impact of climate can be reduced. Social implications – Although social progress is an important concept of today’s economics discussion, relatively few studies are using the SPI to measure social well-being. Similarly, there is consensus about the impact of climate on people, government and crops but relatively less study about its overall impact on social progress, so this study attempts to fill the gap about the relationship between social progress and climate change. Originality/value – The main contribution of this study is the solution for the impact of climate risk. Climate risk is not in human control, and we cannot eliminate it, but we can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Moderator impact of renewable energy decreases the negative impact of climate change, so there is a need to use more renewable energy to mitigate the bad consequences of climate on social progress. Another moderator is technology; using technology will also mitigate the negative consequences of the climate, so there is a need to facilitate technological advancement.

Sustainability, that, stands on three pillars, social, economic, and environmental, and the idea or concept of “sustainable development” binds them together to uplift the spirit of development. China appears as an emerging global development partner in the late 1980s for sharing the development with sustainable development. After World War II, the world community sought global peace and security, freedom, socio-economic development, and environmental protection to reconstruct a new world. China responded to the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972, realizing the importance of nature and the environment worldwide. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and International Green Development Coalition (BRIGC) promote the Agenda 2030 of Sustainable Development. The country also emphasizes on global green governance, such as south-south environmental cooperation and Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation and Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI). Therefore, this paper discusses the presence of China in global platforms, focusing on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) reduction policies, promoting renewable energy generation (REG), endeavoring for marine sustainability, green finance, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation, referring China’s ecological civilization (EC) construction as an example.

This article examines the question of the existence of specific historical (general sociological) laws that operate throughout all stages of human history and differ from other laws of social existence. The authors have attempted to formulate the most obvious basic historical laws based on the available scientific developments, methodological approaches and ideas of researchers from both the distant and very recent past. The authors define the following list of historical laws: the law of cyclicity; the law of civilizational, event-based and personal uniqueness of the historical process; the law of balance and struggle of personal, group, corporate, state and civilizational interests; the law of cause-and-effect relationships; the law of unrealized alternatives; the law of unintended consequences. They reflect in the most concentrated form the current level of knowledge about the world historical process. They relate to the entire array of the past of human society. They are synthetic, complex, multidimensional and all encompassing. They manifest themselves in all periods of human history without exception. Therefore, they open up the possibility of a more conscious perception of the present and the formation of general scientific ideas about the deep mechanisms of the future development of society.

A particular group among children, who have difficulties in mastering skills of social and everyday orientation, is the category of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum, characterised by their corresponding specifics of mental and social development.The article describes the experience on programmes development and implementation of the approaches aimed specifically at the development of social and household skills in children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder). The psychological and pedagogical fundamentals of work on improvement of the formation of social and everyday orientation skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders are considered.Disorders of the autistic spectrum, a peculiar disorder of the child’s mental development, determine the features of mastering the skills of social and household orientation. Such peculiarities of development determine the development of behavioural skills in everyday life and society as the specificity of the functioning of higher mental functions, stereotypy, rigidity of behaviour, limitations of social contacts with adults, problems of the process of consistent activity. The development of social and household orientation in children with autism spectrum disorders requires the implementation of special purposefully organised activities that consider both the structure and peculiarities of this type of disorder and the social situation of the development of a specific child.

Women empowerment means a woman has enough power to decide her good or bad, and with this, a woman has her own decision in her all matters. According to some estimates, the population of women is nearly half or in some way or other more than the population of men in this world. In this way, the empowerment of women has always been a topic of great importance in social research. Women empowerment has some benefits in the globalized world and then these benefits and advantages are also transcended to the societal level. The research is a qualitative analysis with the incorporation of a little factual knowledge related to the under-discussed theme. It has been observed that whenever women are empowered in any part of this globalized world they contribute to the development, whether it is social development or economic development. Depending upon the availability of chances they were given, they always prove themselves as productive as a male member of any society.

The concept of development can be studied from various points of view: from economic, social, cultural, and political standpoints to human, environmental, and sustainable perspectives. This study attempts to identify the pattern, indices, and variables of the economic and social development of Iran. The right to development emerges as the central concept of the constructive relationship between society and governance, so public awareness and participation in choosing a model, followed by legal guarantees and legal requirements for the realization of development in social life, are to be claimed and realized. Development is a right that is integral to fundamental human rights in the same spirit as freedom, justice, and equality. Using the meta-synthesis method, 44 patterns were obtained from 78 selected relevant articles published in the last five years. After stating the types of proposed models, the conservative social welfare model of Iran's social-economic development programs was explained and its relationship with macro policies was identified. The findings show that there is no sincere resolution to achieve sustainable and forward-looking goals, and management and planning compatible with the social and efficient structure have no place. As a result, development-oriented actions have been static, reactive, and inconstant which have led to a certain type of endogenous systemic conflict in the social structure.

Highlights When tested outside of their social groups, male and female rhesus macaques show no sex differences in their toy preferences. Males and females were both more likely to interact with neutral toys and “masculine” toys than with “feminine” toys and sex-ambiguous toys. When they interacted with toys, males interacted more with neutral toys than with “masculine” toys. When they interacted with the toys, females interacted more with neutral toys than with “masculine”, “feminine” or ambiguous toys. Only one between-sex difference emerged: when they interacted with it, males interacted more with the doll more than females did.

Vipassana meditation, discovered by Buddha approximately 2500 years ago, is one of the oldest meditation techniques in India. This meditation technique is a non-denominational scientific technique of self-transformation through self-observation in society. This leads human society to a progressive and better insight and a positive health 1appearance. Vipassana meditation is a moral and social path that sees and develops humans from within nature through the outline of their mind and body. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of Vipassana meditation on mental health as well as to determine how its practice leads to the social development of society. Consequently, how is it beneficial to society and how does this meditation technique affect mental and physical health in society? Hence it can be said that through the practice of this meditation technique, a powerful and peaceful message can be delivered to the human mind. This paper shows that Vipassana meditation provides a variety of physical and mental benefits that greatly improve human well-being. These benefits include decreased stress, improved immune system function, decreased blood pressure and heart rate, increased sleep quality, and decreased chronic pain. Thus, the practice of Vipassana meditation has the potential to bring about profound transformative changes in human life.

This paper aims to historically re-evaluate the issues surrounding resident participation in health care and its legacy by examining the community participation in health care. In the 1970s and 1980s, community participation was one of crucial trends and a controversial topic in the international health as well as the international aid. Throughout the 1970s, local participation was regarded as one of essential elements for the access to basic healthcare and primary health care in developing countries. Community health projects which aimed to apply primary health care were implemented in rural areas and some urban areas in the 1970s and 1980s. Village Health Workers(VHWs) were a symbolic example of community participation in these projects. They consisted of local women and led health activities with simple skills in their villages. They served as a bridge between the project team and the residents. Health professionals expected them to be health leaders for “self-help” in health of their communities. In the mid-1980s, however, as the number of health facilities and professional health care workers increased, the activities of VHSs were decreased. The mixed understanding of the responsibilities and roles of VHSs among the health professionals affected the skeptical view on the achievement and effects of community participation in health care. In the mid-1980s, as the government officially organized the VHWs, the dilemma surrounding community participation intensified. When the community health projects were ended, most of the VHW organizations were also disbanded. After the projects, the spirit of community participation was only inherited by some healthcare movement organizations, such as medical cooperatives.

Development in communication technology such as smartphones and the internet are able to easily solve all information needs. However, there are many misuses of the sophistication of these tools by many children. This study aimed to determine the impact of using gadgets on learning motivation and children's social development at Islamic Elementary School Yaabunayya Mojokerto. The design of the study used cross-sectional analysis. The population was all students at Islamic Elementary School Yaabunayya with a total of 146 children. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria of children in grades two to six who were willing to be researched with the consent of their parents. Samples that meet the inclusion criteria were 85 respondents. The instruments used were the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). Data analysis used the Spearman Rho test. The results of the analysis found that there was a correlation between the duration of using gadgets and the social development of children with a Ï value (0.013). Children who don’t play with gadgets tend to look for playmates who can improve social development. The results of the study there is no correlation between the duration of gadget use and learning motivation in children with a Ï value (0.095). This is because children use gadgets to get lots of interesting lessons on the internet. For this reason, parents are expected to always accompany their children in using gadgets.

Youth programs are consistently described as settings that offer youth developmental experiences. Summer camps are one example of youth programs with empirical evidence suggesting positive outcomes of participation; however, researchers seldom address how youth’s social development, such as attachment, may shape outcomes. By not accounting for differences in attachment, researchers may be missing reasons why youth programs, like summer camps, function as developmental settings that foster outcomes for some youth, but not for others. Using summer camp as an example youth program, the purpose of this paper is to consider the role of attachment in youth outcomes. This article reviews and integrates positive youth development, summer camp, and attachment literature to arrive at a conceptual argument for the importance of including attachment when studying summer camps. Suggestions for how researchers can enhance their efforts by accounting for how attachment may shape youth outcomes are also offered.

Microfinance has been evolving to be a decisive factor in poverty reduction, rural and entrepreneurial development. This research aims to find out the impact of microfinance on rural/socio-economic development and entrepreneurial skill development. Particularly, this study attempts to explore the impact of microfinance on social development, financial empowerment, education, healthcare, economic independence, and entrepreneurial development. Data was collected through questionnaires taken from the beneficiaries of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) erstwhile Swaran Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) microfinance scheme in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A purposive sampling method, exploratory factor analysis, and paired sample t-test were used in this study. The findings prove that microfinance facilitates social development, improved financial empowerment, and promotes decision-making relating to education and healthcare among beneficiaries. The finding also indicates that microfinance helps to increase entrepreneurial skill development among the beneficiaries. This study offers an insight how microfinance eliminates poverty and facilitates social development as well as entrepreneurial skills. These findings have essential implications for academics, policymakers, and microfinance institutions.

The paper aims to analyse the dependence of the economic and social development of Ukraine on migration factors (human resources and remittances) in the years 2002–2020. It proves the strength of the impact of human resources outflow and remittances on the labour market (employment) and other variables capturing the level of economic and social development. Based on the calculated social and economic development composite indicators the paper detects the migration gaps in the development of the economic system and social domain depending on the human resources outflow and remittances inflow. The results of the empirical research show a positive causal relationship between social development environments and migration and a mixed impact of the migration factor on economic system.

An academic focus on Socially Oriented Education (SOE) has been proposed to accomplish the call of the United Nations to transform educational systems due to the dynamics of contemporary society. This work aims to map the SOE-related literature, providing an overview of the 21st-century approaches to answer the questions: (i) How is SOE defined, and what other concepts are related to it? (ii) Are there any theories involved in developing SOE? (iii) What would be the different study areas that involve SOE? SOE has been used in the academic literature to refer to educational approaches that prioritize social and ethical development, civic engagement, and social justice. Now, it should expand its reach to address pressing issues such as climate change and inequality. It should also shift toward a more student-centered approach, emphasizing student agency and empowerment. SOE should prioritize promoting intercultural competence and preparing students for a globalized world. Technology can be integrated with state-owned enterprises to create innovative learning experiences. The main function of SOE is to solve current societal problems using education as a powerful tool for transformation. There is still much to learn about the effectiveness of SOE, and future research could help advance this field.

In this paper, we investigated the impact of social entrepreneurship on the development of the transitional economy. The research was carried out on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). As the most featured negative side of the transition, we see an increase of social inequality and poverty. One of the ways to solve these problems is the development of social entrepreneurship. The main goal of the research is to find a model for the development of social entrepreneurship that would contribute to the development of society and the economy of developing countries. Ninety seven subjects of social entrepreneurship, from all over B&H, participated in the research. We collected data using questionnaires, and we used correlation and regression methods to analyze them. The results showed that social entrepreneurship is at a low level and that its development would contribute to the development of society and the economy. In this research, we have created a model of social entrepreneurship development and proved that social entrepreneurship could be an excellent way to solve many social and economic problems.

Waqf, as a form of sharia in Islam, teaches Muslims about the importance of sustainable economic development sources to ensure society's life and welfare. Until now, many Middle Eastern countries have implemented waqf as a form of economic improvement, one of which is Jordan. This research uses a systematic descriptive model with qualitative methods through data collection techniques from journals, books, and online websites that can strengthen the researchers' arguments. Jordan, as one of the countries that adhere to the waqf system, began implementing this system in 1947 and is listed in the laws governing waqf under the auspices of the Ministry of Waqf. Implementing the waqf system has had a very significant impact on the development of public facility development and economic growth in Jordan. Waqf is a form of investment capital that can be invested, the results of which can be enjoyed by many people, so that it becomes an inclusive and sustainable development solution.

Study region: Upper Ewaso Ng’iro catchment is located in Eastern Africa – a water-scarce region. Study focus: Streamflow is in decline in the catchment despite the pattern of increasing amounts of rainfall in the East African region. This study explored historical human-water interplays to understand the coevolution of hydrological systems and societal development and to identify the dominant features contributing to water deficits and water-related conflicts in the lowland zone of the catchment. A socio-hydrological conceptual framework was used to mimic and explain the two-way coupling between human and hydrological systems. New hydrological insights for the region: The results show that the dominant features that have likely contributed to changes in lowland streamflow and water-related conflicts include: population growth, land use/cover changes, and economic dynamics. The dry season flows have been extremely reduced with a 100% reduction observed in the month of February especially between 2010 and 2020 while the wet season flows have increased by about 10% and 15% in the upland and midland zones respectively. The decreasing trends in the streamflow against increasing amounts of rainfall emphasize the direct role humans have on catchment water availability. East Africa being a water-scarce region, there is a need to shift the focus from ‘the sustainable natural flows perspective’ to ‘the amount of water retained during wet seasons perspective’, improving land conservation activities to increase water infiltration during wet seasons, and the need to bring all stakeholders together for collective understanding.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an emerging area of social work practice. The list of thematic areas, given under the seventh schedule of the Companies Act, 2013, is wide in coverage and is aligned with the government's development agenda. The business houses that have hitherto practiced the social development agenda in tokenism have been replaced by a more scientific and sustained approach. This changed approach required professionally trained social workers who could efficiently take up the task. This is because the values enshrined in the social work profession are very much related to the philosophical assumptions of corporate social responsibility. The present form of professional social work is bringing social workers closer to CSR initiatives of corporate houses because of their varied kinds of experiences, rich fieldwork exposure and training. Business houses seek the increasing role of NGOs in the development activities, and the social workers are appointed in the CSR department of the companies to ensure that the new approach shall usher in the right direction. In this paper, an attempt is made to discuss the common developmental goals of CSR and social development. It also highlights the roles social workers can play in CSR initiatives. ​