Search

The electrical impedance of dilute aqueous solutions containing extracts from five brands of canned tuna is analyzed using impedance spectroscopy in order to analyze their salt content and detect the potential presence of other salts beyond the well-stated NaCl. A complex electrical impedance is modeled with an equivalent electrical circuit, demonstrating good agreement with experimental data. This circuit accounts for the contribution of ions in the bulk solution, as well as those contributing to electrode polarization. The parameters describing the equivalent circuits, obtained through fitting data to the electrical impedance, are discussed in terms of the various ion contributions to both the electrical double layer at the electrode interface and the electrical conductivity of each solution. The ionic contribution to the electrical impedance is compared with that of a pure NaCl solution at the same concentration range. This comparison, when extended to real samples, allows for the development of a model to estimate the electrical conductivity of canned tuna samples, thereby determining the salt concentration in tuna. The model enables differentiation among the various samples of tuna studied. Subsequently, the potential presence of other ions besides Na+ and Cl− and their contribution to the electrical properties of each canned tuna extract is considered, especially for samples with a higher ratio of the sum of K+ and phosphates to Na+ concentration. This analysis shows the potential of impedance spectroscopy for on-site and rapid analysis of salt content and/or detection of additives in canned tuna fish.

Sandstones of the Lourinhã Formation were studied. Alveolization is the major form of weathering on the façades of monuments near Peniche in the western region of Portugal. Salt weathering is an important cause of this degradation form. Stones of specimens, similar to those found in these ancient buildings, were used for an experimental program of artificial salt ageing through the use of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium sulfate solutions, all at 10% (w/w). Salt weathering follow-up was carried out viz. the assessment of the degradation effect on these specimens of lower values of porosity under crystallization–dissolution cycles. Sodium chloride and sodium chloride with calcium sulfate were the more deleterious solutions, causing failure of the specimens after at least 40 cycles of immersion/drying. Surfaces of the sandstone specimens of variety A showed the onset of the alveolization form due to the use of a saline solution of sodium chloride with calcium sulfate.

The corrosion performance of carbon steel after wide-ranging acquaintance load of aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis (LI) as a green inhibitor in saline media was inspected. These studies have been supported by means of open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization technique (PD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis stayed applied as a complementary tool for surface characterization. For more illustration theoretical and statistical studies were subjected for corrosion inhibition efficiency. All results inveterate that, the carbon steel alloy corrosion rate decreases with the upsurge of inhibitor concentration and LI are an important deterrent for the saline solutions to corrosion of carbon steel alloy. The presence of LI particles anywhere decreased the cathodic, anodic and corrosion currents and the rate of deterioration, as well as improved polarization and solvent resistance of carbon steel alloy in the saline electrolyte. Statistical tests using the Box–Behnken process stayed used to observe the effect of principal parameters (i.e., concentration of inhibitors, temperature, and speed of rotation) on the effectiveness of inhibition and corrosion level of carbon steel alloy.

Background and Aims: Fluid administration during liver transplant (LT) surgery is controversial. Although adverse outcomes following positive intraoperative fluid balance have been reported, studies presenting the influence of cumulative postoperative fluid balance (CFB) on complications following LT are sparse. Patients with chronic liver disease tend to receive more fluid during and after surgery due to their unique physiological disease state. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 48-hour CFB on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and pulmonary complications on day 4 after live donor LT. Methods: This retrospective study included 230 patients undergoing live donor LT. The effect of CFB on day 2 on AKI and pulmonary complications was analysed. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a lower graft vs recipient weight ratio (GRWR), sepsis (P < 0.001) and a higher 48-hour CFB after surgery significantly increased the development of AKI. For pulmonary complications, higher Model for End- stage Liver Disease-Na (MELD-Na) score, higher peak arterial lactate, higher 48-hour CFB (P = 0.016) and sepsis (P = 0.003) were found to be statistically significant. Upon multivariate analysis, CFB at 48 hours was significantly higher in patients suffering from pulmonary complications, and GRWR and sepsis were significant for AKI. For every one litre increase in CFB on day 2, the odds of pulmonary complications increased by 37%. Conclusion: A more positive CFB on day 2 increased the development of pulmonary complications and lower GRWR and sepsis increased the development of AKI.

Salinity is one of the limiting factors that negatively affect the germination, emergence, and development of pastures in the lower part of the Lauca - Oruro River sub-basin, reducing the availability of forages for livestock. With the purpose of identifying salinity tolerant forage species, the germination capacity in saline solutions of eight species was evaluated: Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv., Hordeum muticum J. Presl., Bromus catharticus Vahl., X. Triticosecale Wittmarck , Hordeum vulgare L., Atriplex cristata, Trifolium amabile (L.) Kunth., and Suaeda foliosa Moq. The research was carried out in laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences - Technical University of Oruro; Saline solutions with four concentrations of NaCl per one liter of distilled water were applied to the seeds: 2.56, 5.12, 7.68, and 10.54 g, and control without salinity. The results indicate that X. Triticosecale Wittmarck and H. vulgare have greater tolerance to solutions of extreme salinity and little affected in their germination capacity. The seeds of A. elongatum, B. catharticus and S. foliosa significantly reduce germination, however, they manage to germinate at all salinity levels. The seeds of A. cristata and T. amabile are the most sensitive to saline affectation, germination is significantly reduced at all salinity levels, even at the highest concentration. It is concluded that these species can be used as forage for the use of salinized soils, depending on the maximum tolerance determined.

The clinical picture of allergic rhinitis includes sneezing, nasal discharge, impaired nasal breathing, and itching of the nose and roof of mouth. Depending on the duration of symptoms, allergic rhinitis is divided into intermittent and persistent forms, and depending on the severity of symptoms, it can be mild, moderate, and severe. Treatment for allergic rhinitis includes elimination of allergic contacts, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. The choice of a treatment regimen is determined by the severity of symptoms, age of a patient and presence of concomitant diseases. The work is aimed to review the most common pharmaceuticals to treat allergic rhinitis. Saline solutions are used as monotherapy when symptoms are mild, or before use of other topical drugs to clean mucous membranes before their application. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids can be used as monotherapy, if symptoms have different levels of severity, and supplemented with other drugs, in case they are not efficient. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids do not have a systemic effect due to minimal bioavailability. The patients with moderate/severe allergic rhinitis are recommended to use them jointly with second generation antihstamines, intranasal cromones, intranasal antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists. The significant side effect of antihistamines, especially of the first generation, are sedative effects on the central nervous system. The side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists are neuropsychological disorders. Intranasal cromones have a high safety profile, which makes them popular in paediatric practice. However, the dosage regimen up to 3–4 times a day reduces patient adherence to treatment. Decongestants are not indicated as monotherapy for allergic rhinitis but can be used in combination with other drugs in short courses, taking into account the possible side effects.

Calcium sulfate exists in three forms, namely dihydrate or gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4), and hemihydrate or bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O) depending on temperature, pressure, pH, and formation conditions. The formation of calcium sulfates occurs widely in nature and in many engineering settings. Herein, a dataset containing the experimental solubility data of calcium sulfate minerals, i.e., gypsum and anhydrite, in aqueous solutions is presented. The compiled dataset contains calcium sulfates solubility values extracted from 42 papers published between 1906 and 2019. The dataset can be used for various scientific and engineering purposes such as environmental applications (e.g., gas treatment, wastewater treatment, and chemical disposal), geotechnical applications (e.g., clay-sulfate rock swelling), separation processes (e.g., crystallization, extractive distillation, and seawater desalination), and electrochemical processes (e.g., corrosion and electrolysis).

The authors reviewed the results of domestic studies of the therapeutic efficacy and preventive capabilities of the irrigationelimination therapy product line based on the seawater Aqualor. The article describes rationality and expediency of using these products in children and adults with various ENT pathologies. Particular attention is given to the possibility of using hypertonic saline solutions as an alternative to topical decongestants, especially in childhood.

Polymyxins are a group of antibacterial substances and have remained the drugs of choice for treatment of resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Polymyxin B is administered by intravenous infusion and requires the reconstitution of lyophilized powder with 0.9% saline or 5% glucose solutions. To date, there is little information about polymyxin stability in different infusions solutions, especially at 40 ºC, a temperature that is recommended to study drug stability as it accelerates degradation reactions. Therefore, in this work an analytical method using LC-MS/MS was developed, validated and applied to determine the stability of polymyxin B diluted in 0.9% saline or 5% glucose solutions at 25 ºC and 40 ºC. The stability of polymyxin B solutions was evaluated during 72 hours. Polymyxin B1 and B2 were stable for 24 hours in saline (0.9%) and glucose solution (5%), however a significant degradation of polymyxin B1 and B2 was observed after 48 hours and 72 hours of assay. The reduction of polymyxin content was evidenced in both saline and glucose media, at room temperature as well as at 40 ºC. No significant differences in pH of polymyxin solutions (glucose or saline) were evidenced during stability assay.

Subject of Research. We present results of permittivity research in gigahertz frequency range for saline and glucose solutions used in medical practice. Experiment results are substantiated theoretically on the basis of Debye-Cole model. Method. Researches have been carried out on blood plasma of healthy donor, water, normal saline and glucose solutions with different concentration from 3 to 12 mmol/l. Experiments have been performed by an active nearfield method based on measuring the impedance of a plane air-liquid boundary with open end of coaxial waveguide in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz. Measurement results have been processed with the use of vector analyzer computer system from Rohde & Schwarz. Transmittance spectra have been determined by means of IR-spectrometer from TENZOR-Bruker. Main Results. Simulation results have shown good agreement between the experimental results and the model, as well as the choice of the main parameters of the Debye-Cole model in the studied frequency range for all media. It has been shown that the range of 3-6 GHz can be considered as the main one in the development of diagnostic sensors for the non-invasive analysis of the glucose concentration in the human blood. Practical Relevance. Electrodynamic models of test fluid replacing human blood give the possibility to simulate the sensor basic characteristics for qualitative and quantitative estimation of glucose concentration in human blood and can be used to create an experimental sample of a non- invasive glucometer.

The effect of several saline solutions (as given by six salts) and salt stress (as given by 0.1 - 2m sodium chloride solutions) on the germination of seeds of six selected tropical forest tree species was investigated. Saline solutions (0.2m) of the six salts used had highly significant effects on seed germination in most of the tree species. Sodium sulphate (Na2So4) permitted germination in the seeds of Ceiba pentandra and Tectona grandis presoaked in its 0.2m solution for 36 and 48h respectively. The Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) solution enhanced the germination of seeds of Terminalia ivorensis and Terminalia superba. Solution of Potassium per Manganate favoured the germination of seeds of T. grandis, T. ivorensis and T. superba. In general, increase in molar concentration of NaCl adversely affected the germination rate of seeds. Sees of the two Terminalia species could withstand NaCl salt stress. Seeds of T. grandis have high ability to withstand salt stress comparatively.