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The cropped area of Krishnagiri district is about 37 % of the total geographical area, and due to the utilization of non-agricultural purposes (8.2% of agricultural land) it is mandatory to increase the agricultural production to feed the people. So, this study has been planned to find the agricultural suitability and crop suitability of the Krishnagiri district using AHP-TOPSIS and GIS techniques. In this study, three main limiting factors, such as climate, soil, and topographical parameters (Annual average rainfall, Annual average temperature, slope, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Soil organic carbon (SOC), available NPK, and soil texture), were used as criteria for the suitability of crops. All criteria maps were generated using Arc info 10.4 software. The AHP used to estimate the weight and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) approach was assign the rank of each criterion for the suitability analysis. Based on the relative closeness to the ideal solution(pi), the generated crop suitability maps were categorized into five classes, namely “highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N)”. The results revealed that, crop suitability maps finds that that maize, field bean, cluster bean, groundnut, pomegranate, lemon, and lemongrass were highly suitable for the Krishnagiri district. Rice, cotton, sugarcane, sunflower, and cashewnut were moderately suitable, and vanilla was unsuitable. This study will guide farm managers and land policymakers in making decisions and assist farmers in selecting crops that are highly suitable for achieving potential yield and profit.

Rising food demands are increasingly threatened by declining crop yields in urbanizing riverine regions of Southern Asia, exacerbated by erratic weather patterns. Optimizing agricultural land suitability (AgLS) offers a viable solution for sustainable agricultural productivity in such challenging environments. This study integrates remote sensing and field-based geospatial data with five machine learning (ML) algorithms—Naïve Bayes (NB), extra trees classifier (ETC), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM)—alongside land-use/land-cover (LULC) considerations in the food-insecure Dharmapuri district, India. A grid searches optimized hyperparameters using factors such as slope, rainfall, temperature, texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium carbonate. The tuned ETC model showed the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.15), outperforming RF (RMSE = 0.18), NB (RMSE = 0.20), SVM (RMSE = 0.22), and KNN (RMSE = 0.23). The AgLS-ETC map identified 29.09% of the area as highly suitable (S1), 19.06% as moderately suitable (S2), 16.11% as marginally suitable (S3), 15.93% as currently unsuitable (N1), and 19.21% as permanently unsuitable (N2). By incorporating Landsat-8 derived LULC data to exclude forests, water bodies, and settlements, these suitability estimates were adjusted to 19.08% (S1), 14.45% (S2), 11.40% (S3), 10.48% (N1), and 9.58% (N2). Focusing on the ETC model, followed by land-use analysis, provides a robust framework for optimizing sustainable agricultural planning, ensuring the protection of ecological and social factors in developing countries.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C4H12NO2+·C6H2N3O7−, contain two bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium cations and two picrate anions. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs in each cation. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which generate two R21(6), an R22(10) and an R22(13) graph-set ring motifs. There are also a number of C—H...O hydrogen bonds present. The sum of these interactions leads to the formation a three-dimensional structure.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C6H8NO+·C7H7O3S−, contains two cations and two anions. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked through extensive N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, which result in R44(18) and R21(4) ring motifs, forming a three-dimensional network.

In the title molecular salt, C6H9N2+·C7H4NO4−, the original pyridine N atom of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine is protonated and the carboxylic acid group of nitrobenzoic acid is deprotonated. In the crystal, the ions are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [001]. The chains are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming two-dimensional networks lying parallel to the bc plane.

In the crystal of the title salt, C8H10NO2+·Br−, the bromide anions and the phenylglycinium cations are linked through N—H...Br, O—H...Br and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating sheets lying parallel to (001).

In the title adduct, 2C6H5NO3·C4H9NO, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two nitrophenol rings is 69.47 (9)°. The nitro groups attached to the benzene rings make dihedral angles of 3.37 (16) and 3.14 (13)° in the two molecules of nitrophenol. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds and further consolidated by C—H...O interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional network.

A 60-year-old woman, a known diabetic and asthmatic, was admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physical examination revealed two soft nodules in the left infra axillary region. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed fungal granulomatous reaction suggestive of fungal infection. Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS stain) revealed PAS positive, acutely branching, septate fungal hyphae. Wet mount of the aspirate revealed plenty of pus cells and branching septate hyphae. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain showed moderate numbers of acid fast bacilli. Culture yielded Aspergillus flavus and Mycobacterium fortuitum.