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Abstract The European hoopoe (Upupa epops) conforms a paradigmatic example of animals cultivating bacteria in their uropygial gland that protect them against pathogenic infections. We here explore the hypothesis that enterococci are the responsible bacteria of such beneficial effect. We did so by comparing the antimicrobial activity against three indicator bacteria of colonies isolated from cultures of enterococci and mesophilic bacteria from the uropygial skin or secretion of nestlings, brooding or non-brooding females, and males of the subspecies longirostris in Hainan (China). In accordance with the hypothesis, enterococci isolated from nesting birds are more active than those from non-nesting birds. Moreover, enterococci from the uropygial secretion were more active than those isolated from the skin or than mesophilic bacteria isolates. These results therefore support the hypothesis that, during the nesting phase, hoopoe females and nestlings cultivate enterococci in their uropygial gland with relatively high antimicrobial activity.

Abstract Objective This study investigated the effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) monotherapy in a large series of patients with epilepsy. Method This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational, non‐interventional study in 24 hospitals across Spain. Patients aged ≥18 years who started on BRV monotherapy, either as first‐line or following conversion, at least 1 year before database closure were included. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months after initiation of BRV monotherapy, in accordance with usual clinical practice at these centers. Data were collected retrospectively from patients' individual charts by participating physicians. The primary effectiveness and safety endpoints were the percentage of seizure‐free patients 1 year after initiation of BRV monotherapy and the proportion of patients reporting adverse events (AEs) over the complete follow‐up period. Retention rates and subpopulation analysis (levetiracetam switchers, elderly and different etiologies) were also investigated. Results A total of 276 patients were included (48 with BRV as first‐line monotherapy and 228 who converted to BRV monotherapy). The overall retention rate in monotherapy at 12 months was 89.9% (87.5% for first‐line monotherapy group; 90.4% for conversion‐to‐monotherapy group). Seizure‐freedom rates at 12 months were 77.8% (75% for first‐line monotherapy group; 78.4% for conversion‐to‐monotherapy group). AEs occurred in 39.5% of patients at 12 months (35.4% for first‐line monotherapy group; 40.4% for conversion‐to‐monotherapy group). Most AEs were mild‐to‐moderate. The most frequent AEs were irritability (12.3%) and dizziness (10.1%). The most frequent AEs leading to BRV withdrawal were dizziness (1.8%) and memory problems (1.4%). Similar outcomes in terms of effectiveness and tolerability of BRV monotherapy were observed in patients switching from levetiracetam, those with different epilepsy etiologies, and elderly patients. Significance BRV was effective and well tolerated both as first‐line monotherapy and following conversion to monotherapy in a real‐world setting of patients with epilepsy. Plain Language Summary The goal of the medical treatment of epilepsy is to ensure best possible patient quality of life, by maximizing seizure control and minimizing medication toxicity. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new‐generation epilepsy treatment that is well tolerated by patients. In our study, monotherapy with BRV reduced seizures in patients who had not received other treatments and in patients who switched from a previous treatment to BRV monotherapy. BRV was well tolerated and also effective in sensitive patients (i.e., the elderly and those who had epilepsy caused by a brain tumor or a brain injury).

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse whether the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is mediated by physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limb strength, upper-limb strength and motor competence) in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including mediation analyses. This study involved 181 adolescents (86 girls) aged 15.8 ± 0.3 years recruited from secondary schools and sport clubs located in Castellon (Spain). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the KIDMED questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Lower-limb strength was assessed through the standing broad jump test. Upper-limb strength was evaluated using a handgrip dynamometer. Motor competence was assessed using the 4 × 10 m shuttle run test. Mediation analyses were performed for each physical fitness component in order to assess its mediating effect on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL. Indirect effects (IE) with confidence intervals (CI) not including zero were interpreted as statistically significant. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb strength had a mediating effect on the positive association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL (IE = 0.11, 95 % CI = 0.01; 0.27 and IE = 0.07, 95 % CI = 0.01; 0.19). Upper-limb strength and motor competence did not act as mediators in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL (IE = 0.00, 95 % CI = −0.04; 0.07 and IE = 0.01, 95 % CI = −0.03; 0.07, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the positive association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on adolescents' HRQoL was mediated by physical fitness. Educational and public health strategies aiming to improve Spanish adolescents’ HRQoL should focus on diet and physical fitness.

The path that student-athletes follow to pursue their dual careers is both complex and demanding. However, an increasing number of elite athletes enroll in higher education today. To explore the current situation of elite university athletes in Spain, a study was conducted with the main objective of identifying their characteristics, concerns, interests, and challenges when combining their sporting and academic careers. To this end, a survey consisting of 27 items was distributed among a group of Spanish universities belonging to the Spanish University Sports Committee. A total of 563 responses were collected, of which 411 were ultimately processed from 27 different Spanish universities, providing us with insight into pursuing a dual career in Spanish universities. Descriptive data were gathered on various aspects such as age, field of study, hours dedicated to sports and studies, sports level, most relevant sports disciplines, interest in transnational mobility, and the perception and use of the benefits student-athletes receive when pursuing a dual career. Ultimately, this work aims to assist higher education institutions in developing tools that facilitate the program design for elite athletes.

Objectives While the target of growth of very preterm infants (VPIs) during Neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU) admission is still controversial, the most accepted objective is that they should follow their intrauterine trajectory in terms of growth and body composition (BC). BC is difficult to measure in clinical daily routine but proxies like body ratios and skinfolds have been used. Prenatal and postnatal factors can influence the growth and BC of VPIs in the NICU.Design, setting and patients We conducted a case-control study, including preterm infants born before 32 weeks gestational age at term-corrected age (TCA) and healthy late preterm or term infants as controls and also a retrospective cohort analysis of factors influencing VPI’s BC at discharge. Patients had an anthropometric evaluation at discharge including weight, length, head circumference, body circumferences (waist, arm), skinfolds and abdominal ultrasound (US).Results 191 VPIs were eligible for discharge visits, but only 83 had a complete evaluation and we collected 26 controls. VPIs at TCA were smaller in weight, length and head circumference but had greater ratios (arm fat-to-circumference and waist-to-length). Abdominal fat assessed by US was smaller in VPIs compared with term infants. Intrauterine growth restriction-VPI remained smaller at TCA but experienced less weight z-score loss. Sex did not seem to influence growth and BC proxies at TCA. Higher nutritional support during the first 2 weeks of life was related to a lower loss of length z-scores, and exclusive human milk feeding correlates with arm fat-to-circumference ratio.Conclusions Growth and BC of VPIs can be approached using simpler measures in clinical practice. Arm skinfolds and arm circumferences point to a greater adiposity of VPIs at TCA compared with term infants, while US does not show a greater visceral adiposity. Nutritional factors played a small effect in BC at the time of discharge.

Abstract Background Animal bacterial symbionts are established early in life, either through vertical transmission and/or by horizontal transmission from both the physical and the social environment, such as direct contact with con- or heterospecifics. The social environment particularly can influence the acquisition of both mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria, with consequences for the stability of symbiotic communities. However, segregating the effects of the shared physical environment from those of the social interactions is challenging, limiting our current knowledge on the role of the social environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild animals. Here, we take advantage of the avian brood-parasite system of Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) and great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) to explore how the interspecific social environment (magpie nestlings developing with or without heterospecifics) affects bacterial communities on uropygial gland skin. Results We demonstrated interspecific differences in bacterial community compositions in members of the two species when growing up in monospecific nests. However, the bacterial community of magpies in heterospecific nests was richer, more diverse, and more similar to their cuckoo nest-mates than when growing up in monospecific nests. These patterns were alike for the subset of microbes that could be considered core, but when looking at the subset of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera, cuckoo presence reduced the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera on magpies. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of social interactions in shaping the assembly of the avian skin bacterial communities during the nestling period, as exemplified in a brood parasite—host system.

Abstract Addressing subcapital fractures of the femur poses a substantial clinical challenge, complicated by the diverse range of available osteosynthesis materials. This study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and radiological implications linked with the implementation of the Femoral Neck System (FNS) in osteosynthesis procedures. A descriptive study was conducted involving patients who underwent osteosynthesis for subcapital fractures of the femur utilizing the FNS during the period from 2019 to 2022. The investigation encompassed various facets, including the classification of fractures according to the Garden and Pauwells classifications, criteria for achieving precise reduction based on the Garden criteria and Tip Apex Distance (TAD). At the one-year follow-up, factors such as fracture consolidation, loss of reduction, fracture collapse, complications, and functional outcomes were evaluated utilizing the Harris Hip Score (HHS) scale. The study cohort included a total of 26 patients, among whom 22 exhibited non-displaced subcapital femur fractures categorized as Garden I and II. Successful reduction was accomplished in 23 cases, in which 24 cases (92.3%) displayed a TAD measurement below 25 mm. According to the HHS, patients achieved an average score of 90.9 (ranging from 63 to 100) following the surgical intervention, with predominantly "excellent" and "good" outcomes. The outcomes derived from our investigation corroborate the viability of the Femoral Neck System (FNS) as a reliable option for osteosynthesis in femoral neck fractures. The results obtained are comparable to those achieved with other available implants, as highlighted by previous studies.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine which foetal or neonatal growth curves discriminate the probability of dying of newborns with low birth weight for their gestational age (small for gestational age, SGA) and sex (weight < 10th percentile) and to establish the curves that are presumably most useful for monitoring growth through age 10 years. Material and methods: The analysis included every neonate (15 122) managed in our hospital (2013–2022) and all neonates born preterm before 32 weeks (6913) registered in the SEN1500 database (2019–2022). We considered most useful those curves with the highest likelihood ratio (LR) for dying with or without a history of SGA in each subgroup of gestational ages. Theoretically, the optimal curves for monitoring growth would be those with a higher R2 in the quantile regression formulas for the 50th percentile. Results: The growth curves exhibiting the strongest association between SGA and hospital mortality are the Intergrowth fetal curves and the Fenton neonatal curves in infants born preterm before 32 weeks. However, the optimal curves for premature babies and neonates overall were those of Olsen and Intergrowth. The most useful curves to monitor anthropometric values alone until age 10 years of age are the longitudinal Intergrowth curves followed by the WHO standards, but if a single reference is desired from birth through age 10 years, the best option is the Fenton curves followed by the WHO standards. Conclusions: The Intergrowth reference provides the most discriminating foetal growth curves. In neonatal clinical practice, the optimal references are the Fenton followed by the WHO charts. Resumen: Introducción: Se pretende determinar qué curvas de crecimiento fetal o neonatal discriminan la probabilidad de fallecer de los recién nacidos de bajo peso para su edad gestacional (BPEG) y sexo (peso inferior al percentil 10) y conocer las curvas teóricamente más útiles para seguir el crecimiento hasta los 10 años. Material y método: Se estudian todos los neonatos (15.122) atendidos en nuestro hospital (2013-2022) y todos los prematuros menores de 32 semanas (6.913) incluidos en la base de datos SEN1500 (2019-2022). Las curvas más útiles serán las que tengan un mayor cociente de probabilidad (LHR=likelihood ratio) de fallecer siendo o no BPEG en cada subgrupo de edades gestacionales. Las curvas más indicadas teóricamente en el seguimiento serán las que tengan una mayor R2 en las fórmulas de regresión de las tendencias del percentil 50. Resultados: Las curvas de crecimiento que mejor relacionan BPEG con mortalidad hospitalaria son las fetales de Intergrowth y las neonatales de Fenton en los prematuros menores de 32 semanas. Sin embargo, en todos los prematuros y neonatos en su conjunto, son las de Olsen e Intergrowth. Las curvas más útiles para seguir sólo la evolución antropométrica hasta los 10 años son las longitudinales de Intergrowth más OMS, pero si se desea una curva única desde el nacimiento hasta los 10 años son las de Fenton más OMS. Conclusiones: Las curvas de crecimiento fetal más discriminante son las de Intergrowth fetales. En la práctica clínica del neonatólogo, las curvas más indicadas son las de Fenton más OMS.

IntroductionThe project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe identified and defined a total of 31 benefits offered to dual-career student athletes who are combining their university studies with high-level training. The project was co-funded by the European Union and carried out by five universities: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (France), University of Jyväskylä (Finland), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), and Universitat Jaume I (Spain).MethodsThe purpose of the study was to rank these benefits by combining the perspectives of the university staff and the student athletes from each university in the consortium. The university staff included experts from sports services and the international relations office. A questionnaire was also sent to the dual-career athletes enrolled at the consortium's universities. Of the 514 dual-career athletes, 208 (116 women) completed the questionnaire. The overall response rate was 40.47%. The university staff assessed the importance of each benefit, how easy it was to implement at the institution, and whether or not the university offered the benefit to its students. The dual-career students rated each of the 31 benefits and indicated whether or not they had used them. A specific methodology was designed to rank these benefits using the ratings of the university staff and the student athletes. Intra-group and inter-group Pearson correlations were performed.ResultsThe results show a strong and significant correlation between the benefits from the perspective of the university staff (r = 0.710, p = 7.76E-7) and from the perspective of the students (r = 0.715, p = 2.44E-6). The correlation is moderate and significant when the benefits are correlated from the perspective of the two groups as a whole (0.363, p = 0.045), with the three most important benefits being the free use of sports facilities, justification for absences, and the adaptation of the pace of studies.DiscussionThe study makes visible the commitment of higher education institutions to facilitating the dual career of student athletes and identifies those benefits that may be of greater interest to European universities as a whole. The European perspective has been considered, while respecting the specificities of each university and the country in which it is located.

In the present study, a revision of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Dorididae is carried out focusing on the genus Doris Linnaeus, 1758. The type species D. verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 and a blueish and yellow morphotype of D. ocelligera collected in different localities in the Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic were sequenced, as well as D. bertheloti and the elusive D. marmorata for the first time. The genetic markers include the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone 3. The phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Doris is paraphyletic, and D. ocelligera morphotypes separate into two species, as confirmed with species delimitation tests. To complement the phylogenetic evidence with morphoanatomical data, the dissection of two specimens of each morphotype is conducted. Significant differences in morphological traits such as body shape, colouration patterns, and mantle tubercles come to light, together with anatomical differences in the relative shape and size of the radular teeth and reproductive structures. Considering the modern and old descriptions of D. ocelligera, it is finally concluded that the blueish morphotype belongs to D. ocelligera. In contrast, the yellow morphotype responds to the actual synonym Aldisa berghi (Vayssière, 1901), which is resurrected here as Doris berghi comb. rest. Considering the broad phylogeny of the family, some systematic notes at the genus level are here provided.

El Maestrazgo y la Sierra de Gúdar en Teruel tienen una gran diversidad de ecosistemas, entre los que destacan, además del bosque de ribera y los ecosistemas acuáticos sobre los que nos centraremos en este trabajo, ecosistemas forestales repartidos en varios pisos bioclimáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. Por un lado, se pretende evaluar el estado de conservación de uno de los territorios de mayor riqueza natural del sur de Aragón como es el ecosistema fluvial del río Guadalope en su tramo alto, y por otro lado proponer un marco de protección con mayor imperativo legal como es el parque natural, figura que en la actualidad no tiene esta provincia. Para ello, la metodología empleada por un lado consistirá en la consulta de la escasa bibliografía especializada sobre esta zona de estudio, y por otro lado en la determinación de la calidad de los hábitats fluviales a partir de la construcción de dos índices: el QBR sobre calidad del bosque de ribera, y el IHF sobre hábitats fluviales. Los resultados muestran que, pese a que este territorio no tiene en estos momentos ningún marco de protección ambiental más allá de tres monumentos naturales, una ZEPA y una ZEC, reúne valores suficientes como para que sea declarado como parque natural, que sería, además, el primero de este territorio.

In coastal regions, groundwater is often the only freshwater resource available for human consumption, agriculture, and other productive activities. From a management point of view, it is essential to understand the processes that occur in a coastal aquifer affected by seawater intrusion and upconing processes and evaluate their potential response to climate change as these scenarios usually indicate a decrease in aquifer recharge. Therefore, the dynamics of seawater intrusion and the upconing process in the Plana de Castellón aquifer on the Mediterranean coast were analysed by building and calibrating a new numerical model of flow and transport using the MODFLOW and SEAWAT codes. The model was used to examine two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) climate change scenarios (SSP1–2.6 and SSP5–8.5) when considering field data with constant extraction conditions. The results suggest that by 2050, groundwater levels could rise by 0.18 m (on average) in the SSP1–2.6 scenario and by 0.12 m for the SSP5–8.5 scenario. In these cases, aquifer recharge and groundwater discharge to the sea could increase compared to the historical period, as precipitation is not expected to decrease significantly during this timeframe, even in the most unfavourable scenario (SSP5–8.5). The result would be the attenuation of seawater intrusion and a decrease in the volume of the aquifer that is affected by the upconing process, resulting in total dissolved solids values below 2000 mg/L. The innovation of this research lies in the fact that the numerical model allowed the dynamics of seawater intrusion and the upconing process to be adequately represented, especially in the latter process, as it was not possible to model it with real data in another study. These results can improve and facilitate decision-making for the management of the aquifer and contribute to plans for future exploitation strategies.

One of the most significant complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic sensory neuropathy. A reduction in pain perception increases the risk of diabetic patients developing foot ulcers and requiring amputation, which in turn results in impaired mobility and a diminished quality of life. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the aetiology of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), there remains a significant gap in the clinical prevention and management of these ulcers. Given that inflammation represents the initial stage in the formation of skin wounds, the utilisation of infrared thermography for the early detection of inflammatory tissue, the analysis of plantar pressures and the monitoring of controlled physical activity (PA) may facilitate the close observation of plantar skin alterations that are susceptible to the development of DFUs, thereby enabling the implementation of timely interventions such as personalised PA for these patients. It is recommended that an integrated approach be adopted which encompasses the utilisation of all emerging technologies in order to enhance outcomes in the prevention and management of DFUs. The aim of this study is to examine the existing literature on the relationship between temperature, pressure and physical activity in the diabetic foot. To this end, a systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format across the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, with no temporal restriction. A total of 14 studies were included in the review. The use of infrared thermography for the early detection of inflammatory tissue, plantar pressures and the monitoring of controlled PA can facilitate the close monitoring of changes that may pose a risk for the formation of UFDs and provide timely intervention, thereby personalising the PA of the diabetic patient.

Detection of semantic neology, or the emergence of new meanings in existing words, is a challenging task because it is not related to formal changes as in formal neology. In this paper, we make a series of studies to detect semantic neology in Spanish nouns in 2022, a year in which covid-19 pandemic still existed, but also other important global events, such as the Ukraine war, or economic inflation. We compare a corpus of texts from 2022 to a pre-pandemic corpus, considering changes in collocations of the target nouns. We use some statistic parameters for collocations analysis, in combination with manual analysis. Results indicate that combining key words with topic-related contexts give the best results to detect semantic neology with semi-automatic methods.

ABSTRACTBackground: The clinical guidelines for the treatment of dissociation focus primarily on psychotherapy. However, different psychoactive drugs are used in clinical practice. The use of opioid antagonists has been proposed as a therapeutic option based on the theory that dissociation might be a phenomenon mediated by dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system.Objective: To review and meta-analyse the available evidence on the efficacy of the opioid antagonists naltrexone, naloxone, and nalmefene as treatments for dissociative symptoms and disorders.Method: The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and this review was registered in Prospero with reference number CRD42021280976. The search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubPsych databases.Results: 1,798 citations were obtained. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 5 comparative studies with 9 dissociation measures that had included a total of 154 participants, of whom 134 had been treated with an opioid antagonist. The results of the meta-analysis showed a treatment effect for dissociation when using opioid antagonists [pooled d = 1.46 (95% CI: 0.62–2.31)]. However, the studies we included were very heterogeneous [Q = 66.89 (p

IntroductionEmbryo implantation is a complex and poorly understood process. Most studies to date have focused on the analysis of the endometrium at the end of the estrogenic phase, while the available data on its importance after secretory transformation are limited and inconsistent. Current evidence does not allow for a conclusive interpretation of the changes observed in the pre-implantation endometrium, whether in the natural or replacement cycle, and their relevance in the development of a pregnancy or the implications for clinical practice.MethodsMulticenter prospective observational cohort study. Based on our sample size calculation, the study group will consist of 206 women (exposed or “compaction” group: 103 women with a decrease of ≥ 5% in endometrial thickness between the estrogenic phase and the day of embryo transfer; non-exposed “non-compaction” group: 103 women with similar or greater endometrial thickness between these time points). The main objective of this study is to compare the ongoing pregnancy rates in natural cycles for euploid embryo transfer in patients who present endometrial compaction at the time of transfer versus those who with a stable or greater endometrial thickness with respect to the estrogenic phase. The estimated duration of the study is 30 months. Inclusion criteria are: 18 to 50 years of age, with primary or secondary infertility, subjected to endometrial preparation in a modified natural cycle for transfer of a genetically euploid blastocyst, from their own oocyte or oocyte donation, with a normal uterine cavity. Exclusion criteria are: uterine or endometrial disease (e.g., multiple myomatosis, severe adenomyosis, Asherman syndrome, refractory endometrium), conditions that prevent correct ultrasound assessment (tilted uterus), or a history of recurrent implantation failure or repeated miscarriages.DiscussionThe findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the potential influence of the “endometrial compaction” phenomenon on reproductive outcomes during natural cycle endometrial preparation. By examining this aspect, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the factors that may impact successful outcomes in fertility treatments.

The reproduction of Crocus sativus L., a sterile triploid plant, is carried out exclusively through corms, whose size determines the saffron yield. The development of daughter corms (DC) is supported by photoassimilates supplied by the leaves as well as by the mother corms (MC). While biomass partitioning during DC development is well studied, growth dynamics in terms of cell number and size, the involved meristems, as well as carbohydrate partition and allocation, are not yet fully understood. We conducted a comprehensive study into saffron corm growth dynamics at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Variations in carbohydrate content and enzymatic activities related to sucrose metabolism in sources and sinks were measured. Two key meristems were identified. One is involved in vascular connections between DC and MC. The other is a thickening meristem responsible for DC enlargement. This research explains how the previously described phases of corm growth correlate with variations in cell division, enlargement dynamics, and carbohydrate partitioning among organs. Results also elucidated that the end of DC growth relates to a significant drop in MC root biomass, limiting the water supply for the DC growth, and establishing the onset of leaf wilting. The lack of starch accumulation in aged leaf cells is noteworthy, as is the accumulation of lipids. We hypothesize a signaling role of sugars in DC growth initiation, stop, and leaf aging. Finally, we established a predominant role of sucrose synthase as a sucrolytic enzyme in the maintenance of the high flux of carbon for starch synthesis in DC. Together, the obtained results pave the way for the definition of strategies leading to better control of saffron corm development.

En la más reciente legislación autonómica en materia de participación se ha incorporado un nuevo instrumento, la consulta popular, que va más allá de los clásicos instrumentos de democracia participativa. Su denominación heterogénea nos lleva a referirnos a dicho instrumento como “consulta popular ciudadana”. El punto de partida teórico del estudio sitúa la consulta popular ciudadana como el instrumento de participación situado entre el referéndum y las demás consultas populares de democracia participativa. En segundo lugar, se hace necesario conocer el concepto de consulta popular a la luz de la Constitución española, a partir de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional. En ella se va desgranando el concepto de consulta popular, reconociéndose la “existencia de otras consultas populares” que no sean referendarias (STC 31/2015). Ello nos conduce a formular una propuesta interpretativa acerca de la consulta popular ciudadana introducida por Andalucía, Cataluña, las Islas Baleares y Navarra. Partiendo del art. 149.1.32 CE, se ofrece una interpretación que sitúa el objeto como el elemento central y distintivo de la consulta popular ciudadana respecto del referéndum. De este modo, la consulta popular ciudadana queda enmarcada dentro de la democracia participativa, pero adquiere un carácter híbrido, situándose a caballo de los instrumentos participativos y del referéndum.

This article presents the design and manufacturing of a hydrogen-powered unmanned aquatic surface vehicle (USV) hull. The design process comprised three stages: (1) defining the requirements for a preliminary geometry, (2) verifying the hydrodynamic hull performance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and (3) experimentally validating the hydrodynamic hull performance and CFD analysis results through experimental fluid dynamics in a calm water towing tank. The manufacturing process utilized additive manufacturing technologies, such as fused granular fabrication and selective laser sintering, to produce the hull and other components, including the propeller and the rudder; thermoplastic materials with carbon fiber reinforcement were employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized trimaran hull exhibited low hydrodynamic resistance (7.5 N), high stability, and a smooth flow around the hull (up to 2 m/s). The design and manufacturing of the USV hull met expectations from both hydrodynamic and structural perspectives, and future work was outlined to integrate a power plant, navigation system, and scientific equipment.

Foot lesions are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and disability in the diabetic population. Thus, the exploration of preventive control measures is vital for detecting early signs and symptoms of this disease. Infrared thermography is one of the complementary diagnostic tools available that has proven to be effective in the control of diabetic foot. The last review on this topic was published in 2015 and so, we conducted a bibliographic review of the main databases (PubMed, the Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Scopus) during the third quarter of 2023. We aimed to identify the effectiveness of infrared thermography as a diagnostic element in pre-ulcerous states in diabetic patients and to detect diabetic foot ulcer complications. We obtained a total of 1199 articles, 26 of which were finally included in the present review and published after 2013. After analyzing the use of infrared thermography in diabetic patients both with and without ulcers, as well as in healthy individuals, we concluded that is an effective tool for detecting early-stage ulcers in diabetic foot patients.

IntroductionCycling Dof transcription factors (CDFs) have been involved in different aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis and tomato, one member of this family (CDF1) has recently been associated with the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but their roles in crop production under open field conditions remain unknown.MethodsIn this study, we compared the growth, and tuber yield and composition of plants ectopically expressing the CDF1 gene from Arabidopsis under the control of the 35S promoter with wild-type (WT) potato plants cultured in growth chamber and open field conditions.ResultsIn growth chambers, the 35S::AtCDF1 plants showed a greater tuber yield than the WT by increasing the biomass partition for tuber development. Under field conditions, the ectopic expression of CDF1 also promoted the sink strength of the tubers, since 35S::AtCDF1 plants exhibited significant increases in tuber size and weight resulting in higher tuber yield. A metabolomic analysis revealed that tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 plants cultured under open field conditions accumulated higher levels of glucose, starch and amino acids than WT tubers. A comparative proteomic analysis of tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 and WT plants cultured under open field conditions revealed that these changes can be accounted for changes in the expression of proteins involved in energy production and different aspects of C and N metabolism.DiscussionThe results from this study advance our collective understanding of the role of CDFs and are of great interest for the purposes of improving the yield and breeding of crop plants.

Se presenta una Secuencia de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje (SEA) para maestros en formación inicial, así como los resultados obtenidos tras dos implementaciones consecutivas en dos universidades diferentes, con una fase de rediseño entre ambas. Su objetivo es promover el conocimiento sobre la reproducción vegetal, la importancia de la polinización entomófila y los grupos taxonómicos de polinizadores de la Península Ibérica. Su diseño se planteó desde una estrategia de enseñanza de las ciencias en contexto, utilizando los huertos ecodidácticos como contextos reales, e incluyendo entre sus actividades el uso del dibujo científico para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía (flor y polinizadores), y la realización de experiencias prácticas, incluyendo un muestreo de polinizadores del huerto, que se hizo siguiendo un programa de ciencia ciudadana británico, traducido y adaptado. Se evalúan su implementación piloto (n=21, Universitat Jaume I) y la implementación de la secuencia mejorada (n=41, Universidad de Valladolid), en base al análisis de las respuestas que dieron los estudiantes a un cuestionario combinando preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se les planteó inicial y finalmente, en el que se solicitaban también representaciones gráficas. Respecto a las plantas, se observaron ideas iniciales erróneas sobre la reproducción sexual, como no considerar la existencia de flores hermafroditas, o de plantas monoicas; la creencia de que existen angiospermas sin flores; la asociación de flor con polen, pero no con óvulos; o la conceptualización del polen en base a su aspecto y no a su función, que mejoraron tras la instrucción, particularmente en la Universidad de Valladolid. Respecto a polinizadores, la segunda implementación conllevó mejoras notables en el aprendizaje sobre su anatomía, diversidad, y clasificación taxonómica. Se discuten potenciales mejoras para esta SEA, conectándose así su diseño con la investigación educativa.

Mycobacterium brumae is a rapid-growing, non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species, originally isolated from environmental and human samples in Barcelona, Spain. Mycobacterium brumae is not pathogenic and it’s in vitro phenotype and immunogenic properties have been well characterized. However, the knowledge of its underlying genetic composition is still incomplete. In this study, we first describe the 4 Mb genome of the M. brumae type strain ATCC 51384T assembling PacBio reads, and second, we assess the low intraspecies variability by comparing the type strain with Illumina reads from three additional strains. Mycobacterium brumae genome is composed of a circular chromosome with a high GC content of 69.2% and containing 3,791 CDSs, 97 pseudogenes, one prophage and no CRISPR loci. Mycobacterium brumae has shown no pathogenic potential in in vivo experiments, and our genomic analysis confirms its phylogenetic position with other non-pathogenic and rapid growing mycobacteria. Accordingly, we determined the absence of virulence-related genes, such as ESX-1 locus and most PE/PPE genes, among others. Although the immunogenic potential of M. brumae was proved to be as high as Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only mycobacteria licensed to treat cancer, the genomic content of M. tuberculosis T cell and B cell antigens in M. brumae genome is considerably lower than those antigens present in M. bovis BCG genome. Overall, this work provides relevant genomic data on one of the species of the mycobacterial genus with high therapeutic potential.

El concepto de individuo construye los cimientos antropológicos de los principios políticos de justicia liberal. A pesar de ser, a priori, un discurso que pretende ofrecer justicia para todo el mundo, realmente está legitimando un modelo político y económico injusto, que genera graves desigualda-des sociales. El objetivo del artículo es, en primer lugar, analizar estas bases antropológicas del capitalismo y, en segundo lugar, recuperar el concepto de persona propio de la tradición persona-lista del siglo XX, a menudo olvidado, para replantearlo críticamente como una alternativa válida y vigente.

Background Self-esteem is a common indicator of psychological well-being, but its relationship with physical fitness components during adolescence is not fully understood. Aims The aims of this study were to analyse the association of physical fitness components (low vs. high) with self-esteem in adolescents, and to examine the combined influence of physical fitness on self-esteem. Subjects and methods A total of 225 participants (44% girls), aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years, from the DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) study were included in the analyses. ALPHA-Fitness Test Battery was used to evaluate physical fitness components. The Spanish version of the Behaviour Assessment System for Children-3 questionnaire was used to assess self-esteem. Results Our results showed differences on self-esteem between groups of cardiorespiratory fitness (low = 49.51 ± 12.03 vs. high = 55.01 ± 4.46; p

Symbiotic bacteria on animal hosts can prevent pathogenic bacterial infections by several mechanisms. Among them, symbiotic bacteria can indirectly enhance host’s immune responses or, directly, produce antimicrobial substances against pathogens. Due to differences in life-style, different host species are under different risks of microbial infections. Consequently, if symbiotic bacteria are somewhat selected by genetically determined host characteristics, we would expect the antimicrobial properties of bacterial symbionts to vary among host species and to be distributed according to risk of infection. Here we have tested this hypothesis by measuring the antimicrobial ability of the bacterial strains isolated from the uropygial-gland skin of 19 bird species differing in nesting habits, and, therefore, in risk of microbial infection. In accordance with our predictions, intensity and range of antimicrobial effects against the indicator strains assayed varied among bird species, with hole-and open-nesters showing the highest and the lowest values, respectively. Since it is broadly accepted that hole-nesters have higher risks of microbial infection than open nesters, our results suggest that the risk of infection is a strong driver of natural selection to enhance immunocompetence of animals through selecting for antibiotic-producing symbionts. Future research should focus on characterizing symbiotic bacterial communities and detecting coevolutionary processes with particular antibiotic-producing bacteria within-host species.

Simpoint technology (Sherwood et al., 2002) has been widely used by modern micro-architecture research community to significantly speedup the simulation time. However, the typical Simpoint size remains to be tens to hundreds of million instructions. At such sizes, the cycle-accurate simulators still need to run tens of hours or even days to finish the simulation, depending on the architecture complexity and workload characteristics. In this paper, we developed a new simulation framework by integrating LiveCache and Detail-warmups with Dromajo ( https://chipyard.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Tools/Dromajo.html) and Kabylkas et al. (2005), enabling us to use much smaller Simpoint size (2 million instructions) without loss of accuracy. Our evaluation results showed that the average simulation time can be accelerated by 9.56 times over 50M size and most of the workload simulations can be finished in tens of minutes instead of hours.

In patients with cirrhosis, sarcopenia is a critical reduction in skeletal muscle mass and frailty represents a status of global physical dysfunction caused by under nutrition, muscle wasting, and functional impairment. Both are prevalent conditions in liver transplant candidates and have shown to be independent predictors of adverse outcome. Evidence supports their incorporation into clinical practice both as a prognostic factor guiding clinical decision making and as a tool to identify candidates for physical and nutritional interventions. The wide heterogeneity of instruments used for sarcopenia and frailty measurement, the absence of a single suitable instrument for sarcopenia and frailty assessment in the outpatient versus inpatient acute‐on‐chronic clinical scenario, and the lack of strong evidence showing a beneficial effect of sarcopenia and frailty improvement on outcomes before and after transplantation are some of the questions that remain unanswered.

Abstract Background As any traumatic event, avalanches could trigger psychological disorders on survivors. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among avalanche survivors and to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder risks factors as well as the impact on quality of life. Methods A multicentre study was conducted in victims included in the North Alpine Avalanche Registry from 2014 to 2018. Data were collected through a standard questionnaire during semi-directed phone interviews. The primary outcome was the total score on the Impact of Event Scale Revised. Secondary outcomes were the Mental Component Scale and the Physical Component Scale scores of the Short Form 12 questionnaire. Results During the study period, 132 of 211 victims survived. Among the 107 victims included, 55 (51.4%) phone interviews were obtained. Six patients (10.9, 95% CI 1.76–20.05) had an Impact of Event Scale Revised score ≥ 33 indicating a strong probability for post-traumatic stress disorder. Median Mental Component Scale score was 39.0 (IQR 30.5–46.3) for post-traumatic stress disorder patients and 40.1 (IQR 36.5–43.4) for non post-traumatic stress disorder (p = 0.76). Median Physical Component Scale score was 39.4 (37.2–44.3) for post-traumatic stress disorder patients and 44.2 (39.1–46.8) for non post-traumatic stress disorder (p = 0.39). No significant difference in the quality of life in both populations was observed, and no independent risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder was identified. Conclusion Avalanche accidents may induce post-traumatic stress disorders among survivors in a comparable prevalence to the most traumatic event already studied. Early recognition and preventive measures should be set up in order to reduce the psychological burden in these victims. Trial registration NCT03936738 .

Abstract Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and a frequent cause for hospitalization in the elderly. The aim of our study was to analyse epidemiological, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognostic of elderly hospitalised patients with and to determine independent risk factors for multidrug resistance and its outcome implications. A single-centre observational prospective cohort analysis of 163 adult patients hospitalized for suspected symptomatic UTI in the Departments of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Short-Stay Medical Unit of a tertiary hospital was conducted. Most patients currently admitted to hospital for UTI are elderly and usually present high comorbidity and severe dependence. More than 55% met sepsis criteria but presented with atypical symptoms. Usual risk factors for multidrug resistant pathogens were frequent. Almost one out of five patients had been hospitalized in the 90 days prior to the current admission and over 40% of patients had been treated with antibiotic in the previous 90 days. Infection by MDR bacteria was independently associated with the previous stay in nursing homes or long-term care facilities (LTCF) (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.17–29.00), permanent bladder catheter (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.00–12.50) and urinary incontinence (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.04–6.68). The degree of dependence and comorbidity, female sex, obesity, and bacteraemia were independent predictors of longer hospital stay. The epidemiology and presentation of UTIs requiring hospitalisation is changing over time. Attention should be paid to improve management of urinary incontinence, judicious catheterisation, and antibiotic therapy.

Background: An increased rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is reported in extremely preterm infants. A potential role of human milk feeding in protecting against this condition has been suggested. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted based on data about morbidity in the population of infants born between 22+0 and 26+6 weeks of gestation, included in the Spanish network SEN1500 during the period 2004–2019 and discharged alive. The primary outcome was moderate-severe BPD. Associated conditions were studied, including human milk feeding at discharge. The temporal trends of BPD and human milk feeding rates at discharge were also studied. Results: In the study population of 4341 infants, the rate of moderate-severe BPD was 43.7% and it increased to >50% in the last three years. The factors significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate-severe BPD were birth weight, male sex, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, patent ductus arteriosus, and late-onset sepsis. Exclusive human milk feeding and any amount of human milk at discharge were associated with a lower incidence of moderate-severe BPD (OR 0.752, 95% CI 0.629–0.901 and OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.602–0.847, respectively). During the study period, the proportion of infants with moderate-severe BPD fed any amount of human milk at discharge increased more than twofold. And the proportion of infants with moderate-severe BPD who were exclusively fed human milk at discharge increased at the same rate. Conclusions: Our work shows an inverse relationship between human milk feeding at discharge from the neonatal unit and the occurrence of BPD.

This research seeks to find out to what extent the Spanish press reflects the role played by the Red Cross during the first 100 days of the war in Ukraine. It aims to identify the main characteristics of the information in which the organization has taken a leading role in the press. The theoretical framework includes a literature review on the strategic relationship between the press and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for the benefit of their reputation, as well as the role of the Red Cross in armed conflicts, and the link between the third sector and geopolitics. In order to examine how different media treated the Red Cross as the protagonist of the news, articles published in the written press that included “Red Cross” as keywords in the headline were selected through the Onclusive platform (formerly Kantar Media). The period of analysis covered the first 100 days of war in Ukraine, from 24 February to 3 June 2022. The methodology used was developed in two phases: the first based on content analysis, and the second focused on the description and interpretation of the informative development of the sample. The results reveal that the role of the Red Cross in the conflict is not the focus of media attention and that its name has become a lure for political communication, for social events or for the publicity of the more traditional corporate social responsibility (CSR) of companies. We can say that the relationship between the Red Cross and the written press has not contributed to explaining or clearly expressing the institution’s task or mission in a war. This is why it can be deduced that the articles analyzed do not improve the brand value and its positioning among readers.

Reseña del programa de actividades En Potencia L'H, de los artistas Mercedes Pimiento y Antonio R. Montesinos. Celebrado en el marco de la exposición Our garden needs its flowers, instalada en el Centre d'Art Tecla Sala de L' Hospitalet de Llobregat.

On-demand delivery platforms appropriate ‘freedom’ and ‘flexibility’ discourses with claims such as ‘be your own boss’ and ‘work as much as you want to’. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Deliveroo updated its courier platform application with a ‘free login system’ in Barcelona whereby platform couriers could connect to the platform whenever, wherever, and as often as they wanted to. In this paper, we ask why the introduction of a ‘free login’ system generated even more precarious forms of work, by comparing workforce management systems both before and during the COVID-19 period. We argue that the reason it becomes problematic is rooted in Deliveroo's business model, which is characterised by hiring on-demand, using a piece-rate payment and exercising hard workforce control through algorithmic management.

El concepte de consulta popular ha passat inadvertit tradicionalment en el nostre ordenament jurídic constitucional, sempre a l'ombra i en contraposició amb el concepte de referèndum. L'objecte d'aquest estudi abordarà, per una banda, el punt de partida constitucional del concepte de consulta popular: és l'article 149.1.32 de la Constitució espanyola la porta oberta a la consulta popular?; i, de l'altra, analitzarà l'evolució jurisprudencial del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el concepte de consulta popular i, d'aquesta manera, es coneixerà quin lloc ocupa la consulta popular dins del nostre ordenament. Així mateix, es posa de manifest la nova incorporació d'un instrument autonòmic de participació al que ens referim com a consulta ciutadana. Tot i no entrar en el fons de la qüestió, l'existència d'aquest mecanisme ens porta a qüestionar la distinció entre referèndum i consulta popular, duta a terme fins ara per part de l'intèrpret suprem de la Constitució.

In this paper we present the problem of a noisy lexical taxonomy and suggest two tasks as potential remedies. The first task is to identify and eliminate incorrect hypernymy links, and the second is to repopulate the taxonomy with new relations. The first task consists of revising the entire taxonomy and returning a Boolean for each assertion of hypernymy between two nouns (e.g. brie is a kind of cheese). The second task consists of recursively producing a chain of hypernyms for a given noun, until the most general node in the taxonomy is reached (e.g. brie → cheese → food → etc.). In order to achieve these goals, we implemented a hybrid hypernym-detection algorithm that incorporates various intuitions, such as syntagmatic, paradigmatic and morphological association measures as well as lexical patterns. We evaluate these algorithms individually and collectively and report findings in Spanish, English and French.

Contemporary cities are often considered as a reflection of the society that inhabits in there. Urban planification has been historically shaped considering social, political and economic facts. But are cities designed contemplating every- one essentials and ways of life? How have gender studies and feminist perspec- tives influenced urban planification? Those questions are raised by Col·lectiu Punt 6, an interdisciplinary cooperative of architects, sociologists and urbanists, with different backgrounds, and all of them women, working in Barcelona since 2005. From a feminist perspective, go- ing beyond traditional gender binarism and proposing an intersectional analysis, their theories focus on the consideration of daily life as a central concept in urban planning. This essay attempts to contribute to the dissemination of feminist urbanism the- ories and to illustrate how they have been progressively developed in the specific case of the city of Barcelona.

After the publication of the recommendations, agreed by all the scientific societies through the ILCOR, at the end of 2020, the GRN-SENeo began a process of analysis and review of the main changes since the last guidelines, to which a specific consensus positioning on controversial issues, trying to avoid ambiguities and trying to adapt the evidence to our environment. This text summarizes the main conclusions of this work and reflects the positioning of that group. Resumen: Tras la publicación de las recomendaciones, consensuadas por todas las sociedades científicas a través del ILCOR, a finales del año 2020, el GRN-SENeo inició un proceso de análisis y revisión de los principales cambios desde las últimas guías, a los que se añadió un posicionamiento específico de consenso en temas controvertidos, tratando de evitar ambigüedades, y procurando adaptar la evidencia a nuestro medio. El presente texto, resume las principales conclusiones de este trabajo y refleja el posicionamiento de dicho grupo.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto en España la peor crisis de salud pública, económica y social desde la Guerra Civil. El virus ha causado miles de muertos y cientos de miles de infectados, con Cataluña y Madrid como territorios más afectados. Un primer análisis exploratorio muestra, con los pocos datos hasta ahora disponibles y fiables, que esta pandemia ha tenido una especial incidencia en los territorios urbanos con mayor densidad de población y niveles más elevados de contaminación, mientras que las áreas rurales, a pesar de tener mucha más población de riesgo y un sistema sanitario mucho más precario, han mostrado ser mucho más resilientes a la expansión del coronavirus. Todo ello abre la puerta a revalorizar la importancia del medio rural como categoría analítica y como espacio de oportunidades y de vida ante pandemias presentes y futuras y no solo de problemas y crisis.

Investigaciones previas han demostrado la importancia de la Inteligencia Emocional (ie) en el ámbito profesional, especialmente en la adaptación y el éxito de los psicólogos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las diferencias en ie entre alumnos de Psicología en su primer y último curso. La muestra estuvo formada por 90 alumnos de primer curso (18.37 ± 2.06 años; 80 % mujeres) y 90 alumnos de último curso (20.54 ± 1.28 años; 76 % mujeres). La ie (i. e., percepción, comprensión, gestión e ie total) se evaluó mediante el cuestionario Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test. Los hallazgos principales indican que los alumnos de cuarto curso del grado de Psicología presentaban puntuaciones significativamente mayores en la dimensión de gestión (104.8 vs. 97.5; p = .019), así como en la ie total (107.1 vs. 101.4; p = .011) comparadas a las de sus compañeros de primer curso. Al final del documento se discute la importancia de desarrollar la ie en los estudiantes de Psicología.

Tradicionalmente, las narrativas construidas en torno al patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial, en cuanto oferta turística en el ámbito rural, se han centrado en destacar la figura de personajes poderosos, normalmente hombres blancos y de clases altas, y en valorizar aquellos edificios más notables, dejando en segundo plano otros casos de patrimonio vinculados a las clases populares u obreras. Partiendo de la base de que el turismo rural es una actividad que contribuye a dinamizar y diversificar la economía de estos territorios, el trabajo pretende abordar críticamente los discursos dominantes y las narrativas que se construyen sobre la historia de la inmensa mayoría de nuestras áreas rurales, especialmente, a través de aquellas iniciativas y proyectos capitalizados desde la administración pública centralizada. Como contrapunto a este análisis crítico, se muestra un ejemplo de nueva museología comunitaria desarrollada en un área rural en crisis, la comunidad autónoma de Aragón, a través del proyecto del Museo de las Masías y la Memoria Rural en la aldea de Mas Blanco en el que, tanto desde su concepción como en el relato sobre la historia de este lugar, destacan el papel de la mujer rural y de clases populares.

Objectives Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.Setting Prospective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.Participants Patients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome 30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.Results This study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).Conclusions Patients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration number NCT04323644

Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the association of sleep patterns with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents, and to test the potential mediating effect of different activities of screen media usage on this association. Methods: A sample of 269 adolescents (140 boys) aged 14 years from the baseline data of the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study completed questionnaires about sleep quality, cognitive performance, and leisure-time sedentary behaviors. Sleep duration was objectively computed using a wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometer and academic performance was analyzed through school records. Results: Sleep quality (but not sleep duration) was associated with all the academic performance indicators (all p

Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the association of sleep patterns with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents, and to test the potential mediating effect of different activities of screen media usage on this association. Methods: A sample of 269 adolescents (140 boys) aged 14 years from the baseline data of the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study completed questionnaires about sleep quality, cognitive performance, and leisure‐time sedentary behaviors. Sleep duration was objectively computed using a wrist‐worn GENEActiv accelerometer and academic performance was analyzed through school records. Results: Sleep quality (but not sleep duration) was associated with all the academic performance indicators (all p

Segons dades de la Global Ecovillage Network (2018), l’Estat espanyol és actualment el segon país més important del món, després dels Estats Units, en nombre d’ecoviles, la xifra de les quals no ha cessat de créixer al llarg dels darrers anys. Seguint la teoria d’Erik Olin Wright sobre transformacions socials emancipadores, tractarem la qüestió de si aquest boom representa una mostra d’una transformació social incipient i d’un canvi cultural que està experimentant el medi rural. Aquest treball es divideix en cinc seccions principals. La primera introdueix el problema, per abordar tot plegat la metodologia realitzada per a l’estudi de 29 ecoviles a Espanya utilitzant sis variables sobre interessos materials i ideologia (Wright, 2010). Les darreres seccions exploren, després d’una concisa discussió conceptual, alguns resultats sobre l’anàlisi realitzada i sobre les pràctiques de reproducció social que han tingut lloc entre ecoviles, dividint-la entre estratègies convencionals i intersticials.

This paper presents a series of methods for automatically determining the gender of proper names, based on their co-occurrence with words and grammatical features in a large corpus. Although the results obtained were for Spanish given names, the method presented here can be easily replicated and used for names in other languages. Most methods reported in the literature use pre-existing lists of first names that require costly manual processing and tend to become quickly outdated. Instead, we propose using corpora. Doing so offers the possibility of obtaining real and up-to-date name-gender links. To test the effectiveness of our method, we explored various machine-learning methods as well as another method based on simple frequency of co-occurrence. The latter produced the best results: 93% precision and 88% recall on a database of ca. 10,000 mixed names. Our method can be applied to a variety of natural language processing tasks such as information extraction, machine translation, anaphora resolution or large-scale delivery or email correspondence, among others.