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Abstract Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an important medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the subdural space. Several methods have been explored, including surgical intervention and administration of tranexamic acid, which is a conservative treatment option. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in CSDH management. Methods A systematic literature search was performed according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. This study included cohort and randomized controlled trials involving adults with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) who were treated with intravenous tranexamic acid. The primary outcome measures were recurrence and adverse events. Results Six studies encompassing 2024 participants were included. Studies have shown that tranexamic acid reduced recurrence rates (OR, 0.32; 95% CI: 0.27–0.38, p = 0.16; I2 = 0%), although the result was non-significant. However, the analysis of adverse events indicated a moderate level of heterogeneity (OR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.60–2.15, p = 0.07; I2 = 57%), suggesting a potential safety concern. Conclusion In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests tranexamic acid (TXA) may reduce chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence, though significance varied across studies. Adverse effects with TXA were similar to controls. Larger trials are needed to confirm TXA’s role in CSDH management.

Abstract Introduction Mental health issues are being reported increasingly amongst healthcare staff and students globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of common mental health issues amongst dental faculty members at multiple institutions in Pakistan. Methods Following approval from the institutional ethics review board, dental faculty members at 14 dental institutions were invited to participate in an online survey based on globally validated scales for mental health problems including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Two open-ended questions were included in the survey to identify perceived factors contributing to poor mental health and recommendations for improving institutional support. Results A total of 200 faculty members out of provided their responses to the survey questionnaire but complete responses were provided by 183 participants which included 120 (65.57%) females, and 63 (34.43%) males. The total number of faculty members at the participating institutions was 426 and 183 responses translated into an overall response rate of 43%. Most participants were in the 31–40 years age-group (n = 81, 44.26%) followed by 25–30 year (n = 51, 22.87%) and 41–50 years (n = 40, 21.86%). The mean score on PHQ-9 was 6.51 (SD ± 5.4) while the mean DASS-21 score was 13.04 (SD ± 10.95). PHQ-9 Depression, and DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were all significantly positively correlated for the whole sample, and within each subgroup of each demographic factor. Job-related workload, lack of institutional support, financial limitations, and poor work life balance were identified as the main factors contributing adversely to the mental health of the participants. Discussion This study provides useful insights into the scale of mental health status amongst dental faculty members at 14 institutions in Pakistan. Underlying factors affecting the mental health of faculty members adversely were identified and recommendations are provided to address these challenges.

Abstract Carbon Dots (CDs) were synthesized from peanut shells (PNS) through pyrolysis and characterized using FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and BET analysis revealing an average size of 2–5 nm with amorphous nature. Synthesized PNS-CDs was employed both as priming and foliar agent for enhancing seed quality and crop productivity in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Different concentrations ranging from 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 ppm was used for seed priming and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm were given as foliar spray on 30th and 45th days after sowing (DAS). On accounting the best seed priming and foliar spray concentrations, field trial was conducted to validate the optimistic effect of PNS-CDs on blackgram crop productivity. Results revealed that priming with 200 ppm for 3 h exhibited maximum seed imbibition (54%), germination (88%) and vigour index (3165). Whereas, foliar spray with 50 ppm expressed significant improvement in leaf area index (2.6), total chlorophyll (2.70 mg/g), total soluble protein (71 mg/g), Number of nodules/plant (138), seed yield/plant (8.7 g) and 100 seed weight (5 g). The impact of PNS-CDs treatments resulted in increased photosynthetic rate (12.45 µmol CO2 m−2s−1), transpiration rate (3.13 mmol H2O/m−2s−1), stomatal conductance (0.55 mol H2O/m−2s−1) and internal leaf CO2 concentration (652 µmol CO2 m−2s−1) which ultimately enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. It has also exhibited a promising effect on the resultant seed in which the combination seed priming (200 ppm) followed by foliar spray (50 ppm) recorded maximum 100 seed weight (4.19 g), germination (97%) and vigour index (3019). Thus, this study highlights the promising role of PNS-CDs as a sustainable and effective agricultural nanomaterial, offering a novel approach to utilize the agricultural waste and also to enhance the crop productivity through advanced non-chemical approach.

Abstract Workers are driven to work faster in the industrial work environment to meet high productivity targets. An increased work pace leads to increased muscle activation. However, the effect of work pace on bilateral upper trapezius muscles during sewing machine operation in an industrial work environment has not been thoroughly investigated in experimental studies. Therefore, this research aims to conduct an experimental study to analyze the bilateral upper trapezius muscle activity of industrial sewing machine operators at different levels of work pace. Thirty subjects (15 males, and 15 females) continuously performed the sewing operation for two hours in an industrial work environment. Experiments were conducted for two levels of work pace i.e. low pace (100% of standard cycle time) and high pace (120% of standard cycle time). Electromyographic signals were recorded from the bilateral upper trapezius muscles. The EMG amplitude (RMS) among the muscles was computed. A statistically significant (p

This article discusses the phenomenon of the mediatization of Hadith as a means of Islamic preaching (dakwah) in the digital era, focusing on the Gontor TV YouTube channel as a case study. Gontor TV upholds the values embedded in the principles, motto, and “panca jiwa” of pesantren, ensuring that its preaching is educational, informative, and persuasive. This media channel contributes significantly to spreading Islamic teachings through various creative content, one of which is music. The message in this music is sourced from sacred texts, namely the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet. This article is qualitative research using a descriptive qualitative approach and applying content analysis to examine the mediatization of Hadith as preaching content delivered through music on the Gontor TV YouTube channel. The research shows that the Hadith presented in the lyrics and music videos are displayed in various forms, such as excerpts from the matn without the complete isnad, sometimes including the mukharrij and its translation. These excerpts are then inserted into the lyrics, at the beginning or end of the music video, either in Arabic or Latin script. The Hadith are read textually, as there is no use of Hadith or other elements requiring contextual reading. Preaching through music on this YouTube channel has important implications in modern, multicultural, and heterogeneous societies, such as strengthening the internalization of religious messages, influencing the characteristics of musicians, increasing interest in music with Islamic nuances, being a form of creative and innovative dakwah, fostering interactions that strengthen religious life and Islamic identity, and serving as a medium for transmitting religious messages.

This research implements an evolutionary optimized finite differences scheme (FDS) for nonlinear electrohydrodynamics ion drag flow dynamics in a cylindrical conduit (EHD-IDFCC). In the scheme, finite differences are exploited to discretize governing expressions of EHD-IDFCC, represented with a nonlinear singular seconder order differential equation, into a nonlinear equations-based system. The fitness function based on residual error is constructed for the FDS-based discretized EHD-IDFCC model. Its optimization is conducted with the global search capability of genetic algorithms (GAs) aided by the local search efficacy of the interior-point method (IPM), i.e., FDS-GA-IPM. The performance of the designed stochastic numerical solver FDS-GA-IPM is evaluated for a variant of the EHD-IDFCC model for different scenarios to measure the effect of axial flow velocity by varying the electric Hartmann numbers, as well as the nonlinearity factor. Statistical interpretations based on histogram illustrations, probability plots, and boxplots in terms of the cost function, mean absolute error (MAE), Thai inequality coefficients (TIC), and coefficient of determination metrics (R2) are used to endorse the accuracy, convergence, stability, and strength of the FDS-GA-IPM.

Despite many recent studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapeutics, the optimal treatment has yet to be determined. In this unfinished project, we combined secondary metabolites (SMs) from the gut microbiota (GM) and Hordeum vulgare (HV) to investigate their combinatorial effects via network pharmacology (NP). Additionally, we analyzed GM or barley – signalling pathways – targets – metabolites (GBSTMs) in combinatorial perspectives (HV, and GM). A total of 31 key targets were analysed via a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and JUN was identified as the uppermost target in NAFLD. On a bubble plot, we revealed that apelin signalling pathway, which had the lowest enrichment factor antagonize NAFLD. Holistically, we scrutinized GBSTM to identify key components (GM, signalling pathways, targets, and metabolites) associated with the Apelin signalling pathway. Consequently, we found that the primary GMs (Eubacterium limosum, Eggerthella sp. SDG-2, Alistipes indistinctus YIT 12060, Odoribacter laneus YIT 12061, Paraprevotella clara YIT 11840, Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841) to ameliorate NAFLD. The molecular docking test (MDT) suggested that tryptanthrin-JUN is an agonist, conversely, dihydroglycitein-HDAC5, 1,3-diphenylpropan-2-ol-NOS1, and (10[(Acetyloxy)methyl]-9-anthryl)methyl acetate-NOS2, which are antagonistic conformers in the apelin signalling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that combination therapy could be an effective strategy for treating NAFLD.

Abstract This study explores the larvicidal potential of methanolic flower extracts from Phoenix pusilla (Pp-Fe), its major compound, and malathion (MLT), against laboratory strain (LS) and field strain (FS) of Aedes aegypti, the dengue mosquito vector. We identified thirty-one derivatives, with methyl oleate (MO) comprising 28.5% of Pp-Fe. Comparative efficacy evaluations were performed using peak dosages of Pp-Fe (500 ppm), MO (5 ppm), and MLT (5 ppm) on LS and FS larvae. Both LS and FS second instars showed higher susceptibility to Pp-Fe (95% and 93%, respectively) and MO (85% and 83%, respectively). MLT resulted in significant mortality rates among LS larvae (98%) and notable reductions among FS larvae (71%). The expression levels of key biomarker enzymes (carboxylesterase, GST, and CYP450) exhibited a consistent decrease and subsequent upregulation in LS and FS larvae following exposure to Pp-Fe and MO, contrasting with the significant expression variations observed in LS and FS larvae exposed to MLT. LS larvae demonstrated heightened susceptibility and evident midgut cell damage following all treatments, suggesting potential disparities in susceptibility and adaptive responses between LS and FS strains towards MLT. These observations underscore the promising larvicidal attributes of Pp-Fe and MO, emphasizing the need for further exploration of their mechanisms of action in the development of environmentally sustainable mosquito control strategies and resistance management.

Abstract Hypertension, a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), significantly contributes to premature death and morbidity worldwide. Despite stabilization in age-adjusted global prevalence, the absolute number of hypertensive individuals doubled from 2000 to 2010, largely due to increases in low- and middle-income countries. In 2021, only 21% of hypertensive individuals globally had effective blood pressure (BP) control. In India, hypertension is the leading risk factor for death and disability, with prevalence rates of 24% in men and 21% in women, as reported by the 2019–2020 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Alarmingly, just 25% of rural and 38% of urban hypertensive Indians are undergoing treatment, with only 10% and 20% achieving BP control, respectively. This highlights the hypertension paradox, where clinical inertia and hesitancy in intensifying BP-lowering therapy persist despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. This expert opinion paper aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of sacubitril/valsartan in hypertension management, leveraging insights from its approved use in heart failure and examining its benefits and challenges across diverse hypertensive populations. The formulation of this expert opinion involved employing evidence-based methodologies and utilizing all available data. The document underwent scrutiny by expert cardiologists, whose clinical experiences and examination of the evidence and guidelines informed the formation of the expert opinion. This expert opinion paper provides a thorough and informed evaluation of sacubitril/valsartan, highlighting its potential to address unmet needs in BP control, particularly in challenging cases such as resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease.

The research focuses on structural geological mapping and fracture analysis of part of Kala-Chitta Range, Himalayan foothills, northern Pakistan. The area exhibits complex geological settings characterized by intense deformation with eight litho-stratigraphic units ranging from the Late Jurassic to Paleocene. The outcropping rocks have well recorded imprints of Himalayan deformation and are represented by common east-west trending series of parallel synclines and anticlines. The study area features southward-directed thrust faults caused by north-south compressional stresses, indicating two distinct deformational phases. The internal stress within the basin causes thrust faults and compression. Most of the thrusts are northward dipping fore thrusts. The mesoscopic fracture analysis was conducted at six stations across the study area where fracture sets were nicely developed. The interpretation relied on field observations, orientation diagrams and graphical techniques. The data gathered from field observations were used to measure petrophysical properties including fracture density, fracture porosity and permeability within different formations of the study area. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the fractures are generally NW-SE oriented. The interpretation of fractures set indicates that the principal stress direction (Õ1) is NNW-SSE whereas the minimum stress direction (Õ3) is NEE-SWW.

Background: Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is quickly becoming a routine and effective means by which to treat degenerated bioprosthetic valves. A known complication of ViV-TAVI is patient-prosthesis mismatch, which substantially affects survival. Bioprosthetic valve fracture is a method by which to reduce the risk of patient-prosthesis mismatch and post–ViV-TAVI transvalvular gradients. This study sought to determine the safety and efficacy of post–ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture. Methods: Patients with a history of surgical aortic valve replacement undergoing ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture (N = 25) at the corresponding institution from 2015 to 2022 were cataloged for a retrospective analysis. The implanted transcatheter valves were Medtronic Evolut R, Evolut PRO, and Evolut PRO+. Gradients were assessed before and after implantation and after fracturing using transthoracic echocardiogram. Results: The mean left ventricular ejection fraction of patients who underwent fracturing was 55.04%. The average (SD) peak and mean (SD) transvalvular gradients before the intervention were 68.17 (19.09) mm Hg and 38.98 (14.37) mm Hg, respectively. After ViV-TAVI, the same gradients were reduced to 27.25 (12.27) mm Hg and 15.63 (6.47) mm Hg, respectively. After bioprosthetic valve fracture, the gradients further decreased to 17.59 (7.93) mm Hg and 8.860 (3.334) mm Hg, respectively. The average reduction in peak gradient associated with fracturing was 12.07 mm Hg (95% CI, 5.73-18.41 mm Hg; P = .001). The average reduction in mean gradient associated with valve fracturing was 6.97 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.99-9.74 mm Hg; P < .001). Conclusion: Bioprosthetic valve fracture is a viable option for reducing residual transvalvular gradients after ViV-TAVI and should be considered in patients with elevated gradients (>20 mm Hg) or with concern for patient-prosthesis mismatch in patients who have an unacceptable risk for a redo sternotomy and surgical aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a type of cancer which progresses and spreads from breast tissues and gradually exceeds the entire body; this kind of cancer originates in both sexes. Prompt recognition of this disorder is most significant in this phase, and it is measured by providing patients with the essential treatment so their efficient lifetime can be protected. Scientists and researchers in numerous studies have initiated techniques to identify tumours in early phases. Still, misperception in classifying skeptical lesions can be due to poor image excellence and dissimilar breast density. BC is a primary health concern, requiring constant initial detection and improvement in analysis. BC analysis has made major progress recently with combining multi-modal image modalities. These studies deliver an overview of the segmentation, classification, or grading of numerous cancer types, including BC, by employing conventional machine learning (ML) models over hand-engineered features. Therefore, this study uses multi-modality medical imaging to propose a Computer Vision with Fusion Joint Transfer Learning for Breast Cancer Diagnosis (CVFBJTL-BCD) technique. The presented CVFBJTL-BCD technique utilizes feature fusion and DL models to effectively detect and identify BC diagnoses. The CVFBJTL-BCD technique primarily employs the Gabor filtering (GF) technique for noise removal. Next, the CVFBJTL-BCD technique uses a fusion-based joint transfer learning (TL) process comprising three models, namely DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and MobileNetV2. The stacked autoencoders (SAE) model is implemented to classify BC diagnosis. Finally, the horse herd optimization algorithm (HHOA) model is utilized to select parameters involved in the SAE method optimally. To demonstrate the improved results of the CVFBJTL-BCD methodology, a comprehensive series of experimentations are performed on two benchmark datasets. The comparative analysis of the CVFBJTL-BCD technique portrayed a superior accuracy value of 98.18% and 99.15% over existing methods under Histopathological and Ultrasound datasets.

Abstract Background This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of using fenofibrate to treat type 2 diabetes in Australia. The financial burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus is estimated to surpass AUD10 billion, mainly due to the cost of diabetic complications from diabetic neuropathy. Clinical evidence from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study demonstrated that fenofibrate can reduce the risk of amputation and other diabetes-related complications. Methods This study used a calibrated UKPDS model with an Australian diabetes cohort to simulate complications and deaths over a 20-year time horizon. The effectiveness of fenofibrate was assessed using the FIELD study. Total cost was calculated over the 20-year time horizon. Input data was obtained from the Australian Refined-Disease Related Groups and the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Results The model estimated that fenofibrate is associated with lower complication costs, which save over AUD 4.6 million per 1,000 patients. The most significant savings were observed in amputations. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for fenofibrate treatment was estimated to be AUD 739/LY gained and AUD 1189/QALY gained. Conclusion The use of fenofibrate in Type 2 diabetes patients is estimated to result in cost savings in an Australian setting due to fewer diabetes complications.

Abstract In the rapidly expanding domain of scientific research, tracking and synthesizing information from the rapidly increasing volume of publications pose significant challenges. To address this, we introduce a novel high-throughput pipeline that employs ChatGPT to systematically extract and analyze connectivity information from the full-texts and abstracts of 24,237 and 150,538 research publications concerning Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. This approach has effectively identified 200,219 and 1,194,587 interactions within the C. elegans and Drosophila biomaps, respectively. Utilizing Cytoscape Web, we have developed a searchable online biomaps that link relevant keywords to their corresponding PubMed IDs, thus providing seamless access to an extensive knowledge network encompassing C. elegans and Drosophila. Our work highlights the transformative potential of integrating artificial intelligence with bioinformatics to deepen our understanding of complex biological systems. By revealing the intricate web of relationships among key entities in C. elegans and Drosophila, we offer invaluable insights that promise to propel advancements in genetics, developmental biology, neuroscience, longevity, and beyond. We also provide details and discuss significant nodes within both biomaps, including the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and the notch pathways. Our innovative methodology sets a robust foundation for future research aimed at unravelling complex biological networks across diverse organisms. The two databases are available at worm.bio-map.com and drosophila.bio-map.com.

Abstract Background Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing thoracic radiation are at high cardiovascular risk. Semiquantitative assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on baseline planning non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) scans may help further risk stratify patients. Objectives This study aimed to characterize the association between CAC and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction or stroke) and assess the utility of semiquantitative assessment of CAC. Methods Patients with NSCLC with non-contrast planning chest CT scans were evaluated for CAC. Planning scans were visually graded using the CAC-DRS method, stratifying patients into no, mild, moderate, and severe CAC groups. Demographics, comorbidities, and radiation treatment characteristics were gathered, and CAC groups were assessed for the incidence of MACE after initiation of radiation therapy. Results Out of 137 patients, 39 patients had no CAC, and 98 patients had any CAC (38 with mild CAC, 34 with moderate CAC, and 26 with severe CAC). There was 1 MACE event in the no CAC group and 11 in patients with any CAC. The presence of CAC was associated with increased MACE compared to no CAC (p = 0.034). Semiquantitative CAC analysis correlated with formal CAC scoring. Conclusion There is a significantly lower incidence of MACE in patients with no CAC on planning CT compared to patients with higher burdens of CAC. CAC burden is an important risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with NSCLC undergoing thoracic radiation. Semiquantitative CAC scoring may be a useful proxy when formal CAC scoring is unavailable.

A shortest [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] path between two vertices u and v of a graph G is a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] geodesic of G. Let I[u, v] denote the set of all internal vertices lying on some [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] geodesic of G. For a nonempty subset S of [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text], then S is a geodetic set of G. The cardinality of a minimum geodetic set of G is the geodetic number of G and it is denoted by [Formula: see text] In this paper, the exact geodetic numbers of the product graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are obtained, where T is a tree, [Formula: see text] denotes the complement of the complete graph [Formula: see text] and, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denote the tensor product and lexicographic product $($also called the wreath product$)$ of graphs, respectively.

Abstract The effects of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the growth, physiology, and gas exchange parameters of two varieties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress were examined. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 72 pots. Two varieties of S. oleracea (Desi Palak & Lahori Palak) were used. Two concentrations of Cd (0 µM and 150 µM) in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were used. Two levels of SNP (0 ppm and 100 ppm) and two levels for each form of Mg i.e. MgSO4 and MgO-NPs (0 and 200 ppm) were foliar sprayed on plants in control and Cd stress. Both varieties behaved similarly under Cd stress and caused reductions in growth, physiology, gas exchange, water content parameters and inorganic ion uptake. However, the biochemical parameters like relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were increased. However, all foliar spray treatments increased growth, physiological and gas exchange parameters, water content and inorganic ion uptake. However, this reduced the MDA, RMP, and H2O2 contents. Desi Palak showed the more positive results under foliar application of MgO-NPs. However, Lahori palak showed more positive results under the SNP + MgO-NP treatment. It is concluded that foliar application of SNP, MgSO4 and MgO-NPs could be an innovative approach to alleviated the heavy metals (Cd) toxicity in crop plants.

Abstract Background Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent oral health issues globally. They compromise the supportive structures of teeth and are influenced by both local and systemic factors. This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of systemic conditions on periodontal health in Malaysian population, addressing the gap in understanding these factors as potential risk factors. Methods A retrospective, non-interventional study was conducted using medical records from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, from September 2019 to December 2022. The study included patients with periodontitis and systemic conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression. Results Out of 600 records, 274 patients were included. The cohort was 51.8% male, with a median age of 51 years. Malays accounted for 92.3% of the sample. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions. Severe periodontitis was significantly associated with age (45–64 years, p = 0.018) and Malay ethnicity (p = 0.011). Logistic regression revealed that age and ethnicity were significant predictors of periodontitis severity, with Malays being 12.5 times more likely to develop severe periodontitis. Conclusion Systemic conditions significantly influence periodontitis development and progression. Age and ethnicity are crucial predictors of periodontitis severity in the Malaysian population. Comprehensive risk assessment tools are necessary to incorporate a broader spectrum of risk factors for better management and prevention.

In the past few years, there has been a considerable growth in the utilization of solar cells to produce electrical power to fulfil the growing worldwide energy demands. An optical loss is a crucial factor that impacts the performance of the photovoltaic conversion process. This loss occurs when incoming sunlight is reflected back on the outer layer of the photovoltaic cells. The application of antireflective materials on the photovoltaic substrates can enhance the absorption of sunlight and minimize the reflection. Currently, there is no ideal anti-reflective coating for solar cells that can allow the transmission of sunlight without any reflection. In this research, a transparent cyclic-olefin-copolymer (COC) was used to fabricate anti-reflection (AR) coversheet by fused deposition modelling process (3D printing). Further, the aluminium oxide Al2O3 powder was added at the proportions of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt% to the COC polymer to increase the anti-reflection characteristics. The structural, morphological, mechanical (tear strength), electrical and temperature characteristics were studied. The performance of COC with aluminium oxide (COCA) coversheets was evaluated, and the findings revealed a considerable increment in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.21% (sunlight exposure) and 18.34% (neodymium light) for COCA3 coversheets. As seen, the COCA3 sample exhibit lower electrical resistance of 3.88 × 10−3 Ω cm, carrier concentration (36.91 × 1020 cm−3) and higher hall mobility (13.67 cm2/Vs). The findings from the investigations demonstrated that the utilization of COC with Al2O3 powder (COCA) can be a suitable antireflective coversheet material for boosting the performance of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells.

This study investigates the incorporation of boron carbide (B4C) filler particulates into a kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix to explore its potential in lightweight applications, focusing on antimicrobial effectiveness, mechanical integrity, thermal properties, and microstructural characteristics. The composite material was formulated by blending varying seven different concentrations of boron carbide (0–50 g) and kenaf fibers (KFs) with an epoxy resin, aiming to achieve a balance between mechanical strength and minimal weight. Antimicrobial test revealed that the composite material, consisting of kenaf fiber reinforced with B4C particulates, exhibited significant antibacterial activity against common pathogens. Mechanical testing indicated that the addition of boron carbide and kenaf fibers significantly improved the tensile strength and flexural rigidity of the composites. Specifically, enhancements in tensile strength and flexural modulus were quantitatively analyzed, showing notable increases compared to the base epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the fracture surfaces following mechanical testing, revealing improved interfacial bonding between the kenaf fibers and the epoxy matrix due to the presence of boron carbide. This microscopic analysis also highlighted areas where stress distribution was optimized, contributing to the composite's enhanced mechanical properties.

Cobblestone lissencephaly (C-LIS) (TYPE II) is a rare and severe neuronal migration disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface with overmigrated neurons and abnormal formation of cerebral convolutions or gyri during fetal development, resulting in a cobblestone appearance. C-LIS is associated with eye anomalies and muscular dystrophy. This case report presents a detailed clinical and neuroimaging analysis of a patient diagnosed with cobblestone lissencephaly (Type II). It reviews pertinent literature to enhance our understanding of this complex condition. We report a case of a 6-year-old female child with cobblestone lissencephaly (C-LIS) (Type II) severe developmental delays, hypotonia, and recurrent intractable seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a characteristic cobblestone appearance on the brain surface, indicative of abnormal neuronal migration. In addition to the classic findings of Type II Cobblestone lissencephaly, the patient displayed ventriculomegaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, contributing to the overall neurological impairment observed. The literature review highlights the genetic basis of cobblestone lissencephaly, emphasizing the involvement of genes associated with glycosylation processes and basement membrane integrity. Neuroimaging findings, including MRI and computed tomography scans, are crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognostication. Early identification of cobblestone lissencephaly allows for appropriate counseling and management strategies. However, the prognosis remains guarded, and interventions primarily focus on supportive care and seizure management. This case report contributes to the knowledge of cobblestone lissencephaly, shedding light on the clinical spectrum and neuroimaging features associated with this rare disorder. To clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms and possible therapeutic pathways for better patient outcomes, more investigation is necessary.

Although traditional dental-implant approaches have served as primary solutions, they are limited by infection risks, complications, and prolonged failures. Hybrid electrospun nanofiber matrices based on biomaterials have emerged as compelling alternatives for dental-tissue regeneration, offering direct cell-matrix contact and facile modification to incorporate anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and osteogenic properties. In this review, we discuss the advancements in hybrid nanofiber matrix-based approaches in dental-tissue engineering over the past five years (2019–2023). Beginning with an exploration of dental tissues and tooth structures, we discuss the innovative strategies in each study, including fabrication methods, physicochemical and biological properties, and osteogenic potential. We anticipate that ongoing research will enable the widespread application of innovative biomaterials and nanofiber matrices in future dental therapies.

The objective of this research is to examine an open government data (OGD) intention-adoption behavioural model for the public sector organisations (PSOs), since examining the model is expected to lead to a better understanding of how to realise this technological innovation among PSOs on a large scale to excavate its innovative value. In this respect, we proposed a theoretical model to explore the factors that affect OGD adoption behaviour based on three dimensions of the TOE (technology, organisation, and environment) framework. The model was then analysed after collecting the survey data from 249 PSOs in Pakistan using a purposive sampling technique. The findings unfolded that the factors, except centralisation and civil society participation, framed in technology dimension (data resource, dataset quality, perceived benefits), organisation dimension (data-driven culture, digitisation capacity, need for transparency), and environment dimension (compliance pressure, political leadership commitment) affect the PSOs’ OGD adoption intention. Cumulatively, the intention to adopt OGD was found to have a significant positive impact on OGD adoption behaviour. Based on the TOE framework, the model, with the addition of adoption intention as a significant positive factor in adoption behaviour, bears a crucial theoretical and practical contribution in the context of OGD. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-05-04 Full Text: PDF

Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most chronic common musculoskeletal disorders causing pain and disability. Nirgundi oil, an herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties has proved its role in alleviating pain and various health disorders. Phonophoresis (PH) by conventional pharmacological management in persistent conditions can lead to side effects, and hence, for this reason, alternative medicine is gaining importance. Objective This study aims to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound with PH using nirgundi oil in TMD. Subject and Methods Thirty patients with mild-to-severe TMD who were part of the research study were assigned at random to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 15) received therapeutic ultrasound treatment using ultrasound gel without any therapeutic component, while Group 2 (n = 15) received therapeutic ultrasound using herbal nirgundi oil. A visual analog scale was used to measure the amount of discomfort before and after treatment. Necessary statistical analysis using Normality tests, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Shapiro–Wilks’s test was performed. Results PH with nirgundi oil resulted in a statistically significant higher reduction in pain (P < 0.005) and increased mouth opening (P < 0.005). Conclusion PH using nirgundi oil can be an effective therapy for persistent pain in TMDs.

Background The combination of the coronally positioned flap with connective tissue grafting in treating gingival recession defects has been shown to demonstrate the highest success rate. Aim The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency between autologous fibrin glue (AFG) and conventional absorbable sutures in the treatment of marginal tissue recessions using connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique. Methods Twenty Miller’s class I and II recession sites in maxillary or mandibular areas in chronic periodontitis patients were treated as group I (test): CTG + CAF + AFG; and group II (control): CTG + CAF with conventional absorbable sutures. Clinical parameters in both groups were recorded at baseline (t0) and six months (t1) postoperatively in terms of gingival recession height (RH), root coverage esthetic score (RCES), visual analogue scale (VAS), and healing index (HI). Results The RH, RCES, VAS, and HI were significantly reduced at the end of six months compared to baseline (P < 0.005) in both groups; however, there was no statistical difference between the groups, indicating the equivalent efficacy of AFG and conventional sutures in healing. Conclusion All the treated sites were found to have appreciable root coverage with satisfactory post-operative healing. Hence, it may be suggested that both AFG and absorbable sutures are equally efficient in post-surgical soft tissue healing.

The objective of this study is to determine the larvicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from three plants of the genus Artemisia against the mosquito Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) using in vitro and in silico studies. A total number of 20 third- and fourth-instar larvae were exposed to various concentrations of the three plants. The LC50 and LC90 values of the tested Artemisia EOs were determined using Probit analysis. In addition, the sensitivity of C. pipiens to these EOs was determined and compared against a standard insecticide, temephos, under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, in silico assessments were carried out on the major constituents to help understand and explain the acquired in vivo results. Gas chromatography analysis identified the major compounds as d-limonene and β-pinene for Artemisia flahaultii, camphor and borneol for Artemisia. aragonensis, and artemisia ketone and caryophyllene for Artemisia annua. A. flahaultii oil showed the highest efficacy against C. pipiens larvae, followed by A. annua oil with average larvicidal activity. In contrast, A. aragonensis EO, composed of a high percentage of monoterpenes, was the least active. Docking simulation indicated that several studied ligands had promising binding scores within the receptor’s binding site compared to the reference insecticide temephos. The obtained results allow us to conclude that A. flahaultii, a species endemic to Morocco, is an excellent means of controlling C. pipiens.

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for immune modulation in various diseases that are associated with dysregulated immune responses like Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GVHD). MSCs are pleiotropic and the fate of MSCs following administration is a major determinant of their therapeutic efficacy. Methods Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow (BM) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) and preconditioned through exposure to hypoxia and induction of apoptosis, either sequentially or simultaneously. The immune programming potential of preconditioned MSCs was evaluated by assessing their effects on T cell proliferation, induction of Tregs, programming of effector T-cell towards Th2 phenotype, macrophage polarization in the direct co-culture of MSCs and aGVHD patients-derived PBMNCs. Additionally, efferocytosis of MSCs and relative change in the expression of immunomodulatory soluble factors were examined. Results Our study demonstrated that hypoxia preconditioned apoptotic MSCs (BM-MSCs, WJ-MSCs) bear more immune programming ability in a cellular model of acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGVHD). Our findings revealed that WJ-MSCsHYP+APO were superior to BM-MSCsHYP+APO for immune regulation. These induced the differentiation of CD4+T-cell into Tregs, enhanced Th2 effector responses, and simultaneously mitigated Th1- and Th17 responses. Additionally, this approach led to the polarization of M1 macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. Conclusion Our study highlights the potential of WJ-MSCs conditioned with hypoxia and apoptosis concurrently, as a promising therapeutic strategy for aGVHD. It underscores the importance of considering MSC apoptosis in optimizing MSCs-based cellular therapy protocols for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in aGvHD. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Salt stress is becoming a major issue for the world’s environment and agriculture economy. Different iron [Fe] sources can give an environmentally friendly alternative for salt-affected soil remediation. In this study the effects of Iron sulfate on Luffa cylindrica (Sponge gourd) cultivated in normal and saline water irrigated soil were examined. When FeSO4 (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 ppm) were applied to salt affected soil, the length, fresh and dry biomass of sponge gourd plant roots and shoots inclined by an average of 33, 28, 11, 21, 18 and 22%, respectively. In plants irrigated with saline water, leaf count was raised successively (23–115%) with increasing concentration of FeSO4 (0.025-0.1 ppm) compared to stress only plants. The use of FeSO4 boosted sponge gourd growth characteristics in both normal and salt-affected soils compared to respective controls. The application of Iron sulfate under salt stress boosted photosynthetic indices such as chlorophyll a (22%), chlorophyll b (34%), carotenoids (16%), and total chlorophyll levels (22%). Iron sulfate application also exhibited incline in primary (total free amino acids, 50%; total soluble proteins, 46%) and secondary (total phenolics, 9%; flavonoid content, 51%) metabolites in salt-affected soils. Oxidative enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and DPPH scavenging activity (36%) were also increased by foliar spray of FeSO4 in control and salt stressed L. cylindrica plants. FeSO4 had a considerable impact on the growth and development of Luffa cylindrica in normal and salt-affected soils. It is concluded that FeSO4 application can effectively remediate salt affected soil and improve the production of crop plants.

Abstract The primary aspects of this research are to evaluate surface roughness, cutting force, and material removal rate and optimize it with dry milling process parameters for heat-treated and stir-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy. Multiple methodologies are utilized in the research, which includes the Integration of design of experiments—response surface methodology for experimental design with the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution for multi-criteria optimization. In order to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the response, the experimental design manipulates the depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed in a systematic manner. An evaluation of the machined surface’s quality is conducted via surface roughness measurements. Likewise, insights into the forces exerted during milling can be obtained through continuous monitoring of cutting forces. The calculation of material removal rate is predicated on weight reduction. The interaction between the depth of cut and feed rate has a significant impact on the critical-to-quality characteristics of the alloy, which has contribution percentage greater than 25%. This finding validates that despite the heat-treated alloy having a similar composition to the as-cast alloy (where the closeness coefficient is 0.9843), the optimal process parameters of the former are not applicable to the latter. Nevertheless, the technique used to prepare the specimen has no bearing on the material removal rate, which is a process parameter-specific effect.

Abstract Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) plays a key role in cancer diagnosis or screening. Whereas, current CAD performs poorly on whole slide image (WSI) analysis, and thus fails to generalize well. This research aims to develop an automatic classification system to distinguish between different types of carcinomas. Obtaining rich deep features in multi-class classification while achieving high accuracy is still a challenging problem. The detection and classification of cancerous cells in WSI are quite challenging due to the misclassification of normal lumps and cancerous cells. This is due to cluttering, occlusion, and irregular cell distribution. Researchers in the past mostly obtained the hand-crafted features while neglecting the above-mentioned challenges which led to a reduction of the classification accuracy. To mitigate this problem we proposed an efficient dual attention-based network (CytoNet). The proposed network is composed of two main modules (i) Efficient-Net and (ii) Dual Attention Module (DAM). Efficient-Net is capable of obtaining higher accuracy and enhancing efficiency as compared to existing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). It is also useful to obtain the most generic features as it has been trained on ImageNet. Whereas DAM is very robust in obtaining attention and targeted features while negating the background. In this way, the combination of an efficient and attention module is useful to obtain the robust, and intrinsic features to obtain comparable performance. Further, we evaluated the proposed network on two well-known datasets (i) Our generated thyroid dataset (ii) Mendeley Cervical dataset (Hussain in Data Brief, 2019) with enhanced performance compared to their counterparts. CytoNet demonstrated a 99% accuracy rate on the thyroid dataset in comparison to its counterpart. The precision, recall, and F1-score values achieved on the Mendeley Cervical dataset are 0.992, 0.985, and 0.977, respectively. The code implementation is available on GitHub. https://github.com/naveedilyas/CytoNet-An-Efficient-Dual-Attention-based-Automatic-Prediction-of-Cancer-Sub-types-in-Cytol.

Abstract Hybrid oils ensure multifaceted technological (self‐lubricating and favorable fatty acid properties), and sustainable (environmental, economic, and societal) benefits towards biodiesel conversions. The hybrid oils (Hydnocarpus wightiana oil and waste cooking oils [40:60 v/v]) were synthesized to methyl ester with alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide through the base‐transesterification process. The resulting hybrid oil methyl ester (HOME) is 96.68%. The crude oil (CO) and its HOME underwent characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of crude oils and hybrid biodiesel were analyzed and compared to pure diesel. Different blends of biodiesel–diesel, including binary (20% HOME + 80% diesel [D]), ternary (60% D + 20% HOME + 20% heptanol [H]), and quaternary (20% HOME + 20% H + 10% CO + 50% D) blends, were tested in a single‐cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine under various load conditions to assess their performance, emissions, and combustion properties. Experimental findings indicate that the addition of heptanol to diesel or hybrid biodiesel (ternary blend) enhances brake thermal efficiency, reduces brake‐specific fuel consumption, and leads to longer ignition delays, resulting in higher internal combustion pressure and thermal energy release rates compared to the quaternary blend. Additionally, compared to pure diesel, the ternary blend exhibits decreased emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC), with a slight increase in nitrous oxide (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Notably, the ternary blend emerges as a distinct alternative biodiesel blend suitable for direct use in CI engines without requiring any engine modifications.

Abstract The use of electronic health records (EHRs) holds the potential to enhance clinical trial activities. However, the identification of eligible patients within EHRs presents considerable challenges. We aimed to develop a CriteriaMapper system for phenotyping eligibility criteria, enabling the identification of patients from EHRs with clinical characteristics that match those criteria. We utilized clinical trial eligibility criteria and patient EHRs from the Mount Sinai Database. The CriteriaMapper system was developed to normalize the criteria using national standard terminologies and in-house databases, facilitating computability and queryability to bridge clinical trial criteria and EHRs. The system employed rule-based pattern recognition and manual annotation. Our system normalized 367 out of 640 unique eligibility criteria attributes, covering various medical conditions including non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and sickle cell anemia. About 174 criteria were encoded with standard terminologies and 193 were normalized using the in-house reference tables. The agreement between automated and manual normalization was high (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.82), and patient matching demonstrated a 0.94 F1 score. Our system has proven effective on EHRs from multiple institutions, showing broad applicability and promising improved clinical trial processes, leading to better patient selection, and enhanced clinical research outcomes.

Abstract Amidst depleting water resources, rising crop water needs, changing climates, and soil fertility decline from inorganic modifications of soil, the need for sustainable agricultural solutions has been more pressing. The experimental work aimed to inspect the potential of organically activated biochar in improving soil physicochemical and nutrient status as well as improving biochemical and physiological processes, and optimizing yield-related attributes under optimal and deficit irrigation conditions. Biochar enhances soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability, while improving plant nutrient uptake and drought resilience. The field experiment with maize crop was conducted in Hardaas Pur (32°38.37’N, 74°9.00’E), Gujrat, Pakistan. The experiment involved the use of DK-9108, DK-6321, and Sarhaab maize hybrid seeds, with five moisture levels of evapotranspiration (100% ETC, 80% ETC, 70% ETC, 60% ETC, and 50% ETC) maintained throughout the crop seasons. Furthermore, activated biochar was applied at three levels: 0 tons/ha (no biochar), 5 tons per hectare, and 10 tons per hectare. The study’s findings revealed significant improvements in soil organic matter, bulk density, nutrient profile and total porosity with biochar supplementation in soil. Maize plants grown under lower levels of ETC in biochar supplemented soil had enhanced membrane stability index (1.6 times higher) increased protein content (1.4 times higher), reduced malondialdehyde levels (0.7 times lower), improved antioxidant enzyme activity (1.3 times more SOD and POD activity, and 1.2 times more CAT activity), improved relative growth (1.05 times more) and enhanced yield parameters (26% more grain and stover yield, 16% more 1000-seed weight, 29% more total seed weight, 33% more apparent water productivity) than control. Additionally, among the two biochar application levels tested, the 5 tons/ha dose demonstrated superior efficiency compared to the 10 tons/ha biochar dose.

Abstract This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers. The composites were developed by adding 3–15 g of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix and were evaluated through experimental testing. The results showed significant improvements in mechanical performance, with the maximum tensile strength of 112.49 MPa and flexural strength of 114.82 MPa at the 15 g ZnO concentration. SEM analysis revealed a reduction in void content and improved fiber-matrix adhesion, enhancing load transfer. Thermal conductivity is 13.47 W/mK, while the coefficient of linear thermal expansion is 9.29 × 10−5/°C, indicating superior thermal stability. TGA analysis demonstrated a shift in decomposition temperature from 310 to 375 °C, confirming enhanced thermal stability. These results highlight the positive influence of ZnO nanofillers on both the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites, making them more suitable for advanced structural applications.

The Consumer-Oriented Trusted Service Manager (CO-TSM) model has been recognised as a significant advancement in managing applications on Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled mobile devices and multi-application smart cards. Traditional Trusted Service Manager (TSM) models, while useful, often result in market fragmentation and limit widespread adoption due to their centralised control mechanisms. The CO-TSM model addresses these issues by decentralising management and offering greater flexibility and scalability, making it more adaptable to the evolving needs of embedded systems, particularly in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the CO-TSM model, highlighting its application in various technological domains such as smart cards, HCE-based NFC mobile phones, TEE-enabled smart home IoT devices, and RFID-based smart supply chains. By evaluating the CO-TSM model’s architecture, implementation challenges, and practical deployment scenarios, this paper demonstrates how CO-TSM can overcome the limitations of traditional TSM approaches. The case studies presented offer practical insights into the model’s adaptability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Through this examination, the paper aims to underscore the CO-TSM model’s role in enhancing scalability, flexibility, and user autonomy in secure embedded device management, while also identifying areas for future research and development.

Objectives: Crohn's perianal fistula represents a challenging condition to treat. Sphincters-preserving surgical techniques are increasingly being adopted as repeated surgical procedures may lead to various degrees of incontinence. This prospective study aims to assess the long-term efficacy of collagen paste application in patients with simple and complex Crohn's perianal fistulas. Methods: Patients with Crohn's perianal fistula (simple or complex) and inactive luminal disease were enrolled. The fistula tract was treated by curettage and injection of acellular, porcine dermal collagen paste between 2019 and 2021. The primary endpoint was the clinical healing of the fistula at 12 and 24 months, defined as the absence of suppuration on clinical examination. The trial was preregistered on a public repository (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03776825). Results: Fourteen patients were included in the study, ten patients (71%) had complex perianal fistula. All patients underwent previous fistula operations. Nine patients (64%) reached complete clinical remission at 12 months, two patients (14%) had a clinical recurrence six months after surgery, and three patients (21%) at 12 months follow-up. Three relapsed patients presented postoperative abscesses. Twelve patients (86%) were followed up at 24 months, no further clinical recurrences or complications were observed and the complete healing rate was 58%. No continence disturbances were recorded after collagen paste injection. Conclusions: The results suggest that collagen paste injection may represent a safe and effective option for Crohn's perianal fistulas, worth further investigation in larger trials.

Tino Severinsen,1,2 Helga Lillian Gudmundsdottir,1,2 Anna Axelsson Raja,2,3 Emil Loldrup Fosbøl,2,3 Henning Bundgaard,2,3 Jens Jakob Thune1,2 1Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DenmarkCorrespondence: Jens Jakob Thune, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark, Tel +45 50470723, Email Jens.Jakob.thune@regionh.dkPurpose: To assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of the diagnostic codes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR) and identify factors affecting the PPV.Patients and Methods: We randomly sampled 200 patients registered in DNPR with the diagnostic codes DI421 (obstructive) or DI422 (non-obstructive) HCM, from Eastern Denmark, between December 1st, 2017, and September 16th, 2021. We assessed patients’ medical records and classified whether the diagnosis of HCM was correct, incorrect, or uncertain according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Overall PPVs were estimated for all hospitals irrespective of specialty and for dedicated centers for inherited cardiac diseases.Results: Of the 200 patients, seven were excluded; six were younger than 18 years when initially diagnosed and one adult patient had requested that their medical records be unavailable for research purposes. Of the 193 patients (median age 61 years, Interquartile range (IQR) 50– 70, 40% female) with medical records available for assessment, 148 (77%) patients were registered correctly, 41 (21%) were incorrectly registered and for four (2%) patients there was insufficient data to determine if the diagnosis was correct. The overall PPV was 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70– 0.82). The PPV for patients diagnosed in dedicated centers for inherited cardiac diseases was 0.91 (95% CI 0.84– 0.95). For patients diagnosed in a dedicated center for inherited cardiac diseases with more than one clinical visit, the PPV increased to 0.99 (95% CI 0.93– 1), however with the risk of a reduced sensitivity as these patients constituted only 52% of the correctly registered patients.Conclusion: The overall PPV of the HCM diagnostic codes in the DNPR was 0.77 (95% CI 0.70– 0.82). The validity of the diagnosis was higher at dedicated centers for inherited cardiac diseases. These findings may prove useful for future register-based research.Keywords: Register, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Denmark, sample filters

The alloys composed of magnesium (Mg) are deemed appropriate materials for utilization in the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors due to their exceptionally high specific strength and density. Due to the strengthening mechanisms and superior mechanical properties, Mg–Gd systems pique the interest of researchers. The property enhancement is enabled by the formation of nano-scale stable (β) and metastable (β′) precipitates in the Mg–Gd system. Additionally, the concentration of the various alloying elements significantly influences the formation of the nano-level precipitates. This article presents an overview of the Mg–Gd system, focusing on its microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. In addition, the variety of manufacturing processes utilized to fabricate the Mg–Gd system is also discussed. Enhanced mechanical properties were attained through the combination of casting/deformation methods and various heat treatment techniques. The mechanical and corrosion behaviors have been extensively discussed, in connection to the effects of the second phase/precipitates. This article provides an overview of recent developments pertaining to Mg–Gd alloy and extrapolates potential future developments.

This work modifies the architecture of conventional CNN with the integration of Multi-resolution Analysis (MRA) in a CNN framework for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) diagnosis and grading. Here, the HF sub-bands are subjected to optimized activations and are directly fed to the fully connected layers, as it encompasses edge features. Unlike FD-Relu, the proposed function preserves significant negative coefficients, compared to the S-Relu, the proposed third-order S-Relu is optimized such that it sustains the activations in the range suitable for the wavelet coefficients. The coefficients of higher-order terms of the proposed 3rd-order S-Relu are optimized with PSO, fitting the maximum energy of the wavelet sub-bands to ensure High Frequency (HF) edge preservation. The authors re-architecture 3 different CNNs published in the Retinal Image analysis field, with spatial and wavelet inputs with optimized activations. The highest accuracy of 96% is attained with the AlexNet re-architecture, with 35,126 fundus images secured from the Kaggle dataset. As we can infer the proposed re-architecture wavelet CNN outperformed the multiscale shallow CNNs, multiscale attention net, and stacked CNNs with a 6.6, 0.3, 0.7 per cent increase in accuracy. The entire implementation of the wavelet CNN is made available under source code.

Target tracking via Correlation Filter (CF) is a hot research area of computer vision domain, and offers various credible benefits. Existing CF algorithms face challenges when there are target appearance variations due to background noise, scale and illumination changes, occlusion, and fast motion, which severely degrades the overall tracker performance. To get maximum benefits, an object tracker should perform well with the less computational burden in the presence of real time challenging situations. To address this issue, a novel visual object tracker is proposed based on multi feature fusion and adaptive learning technique with aberrance suppression. At first, multiple features i.e., Histogram of gradient (HOG), Color Naming (CN), saliency, and gray level intensities are combined using feature fusion technique. Further, based on the evaluation of final fused response map using Peak-to-Sidelobe Ratio (PSR), an adaptive learning strategy is integrated to improve the learning phase of tracker. Tracking results show that the proposed strategy beats the other modern CF trackers with Distance Precision (DP) scores of 88.2%, 85.9%, and 74.1% and 64.7% over OTB2013, OTB2015, and TempleColor128 and UAV123 datasets respectively.

Abstract Chitosan (CTS) is recognized for enhancing a plant’s resilience to various environmental stresses, such as salinity and drought. Moreover, salicylic acid (SA) is acknowledged as a growth regulator involved in addressing metal toxicity. However, the effectiveness of both compounds in mitigating Cr-induced stress has remained relatively unexplored, especially in the case of Aconitum napellus, a medicinally and floricultural important plant. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential of CTS and SA in alleviating chromium (Cr)-induced stress in A. napellus. To address these research questions, we conducted a controlled experiment using potted plants to evaluate the individual and combined impacts of CTS and SA on plants exposed to Cr stress. Foliar application of CTS (0.4 g/L) or SA (0.25 mmol/L) led to significant improvements in the growth, chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and photosynthetic traits of A. napellus plants under Cr stress. The most notable effects were observed with the combined application of CTS and SA, resulting in increases in various morphological parameters, such as shoot length (2.89% and 7.02%) and root length (27.75% and 3.36%) under the Cr 1 and Cr 2 treatments, respectively. Additionally, several physiological parameters, such as chlorophyll a (762.5% and 145.56%), chlorophyll b (762.5% and 145.56%), carotenoid (17.03% and 28.57%), and anthocyanin (112.01% and 47.96%) contents, were notably improved under the Cr 1 and Cr 2 treatments, respectively. Moreover, the combined treatment of CTS and SA improved the fluorescence parameters while decreasing the levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (27.59% and 43.79%, respectively). The application also notably increased osmoprotectant parameters, such as the total protein content (54.11% and 20.07%) and the total soluble sugar content (78.17% and 49.82%) in the leaves of A. napellus in the Cr 1 and 2 treatments, respectively. In summary, these results strongly suggest that the simultaneous use of exogenous CTS and SA is an effective strategy for alleviating the detrimental effects of Cr stress on A. napellus. This integrated approach opens promising avenues for further exploration and potential implementation within agricultural production systems.

Abstract Based on the attitude–behaviour–context (ABC) theory, the present study addressed consumer skepticism as one of the inhibitors of organic purchasing behaviour. More specifically, it investigated the role of environmental concern and environmental knowledge as a mediator, in the organic cosmetics background. Data gathered from consumers in Tunisia (N = 736), Italy (N = 720) and France (N = 715) and analysed using a structural equation modelling approach. The findings revealed that green skepticism is a strong inhibitor towards adoption of organic cosmetic products among consumers in the three countries. On the other hand, findings revealed that environmental knowledge and environmental concern fully mediate the relationship between green skepticism and organic purchasing behaviour. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for business leaders, policymakers and marketers fully understand consumers’ resistance to organic cosmetic products. Further, it offers a comprehensive framework to support strategies to reduce consumers’ skepticism towards organic products, in different market segments.

Abstract The crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver is finely controlled to maintain metabolic health. Yet, how adipose tissue controls toxic free fatty acid overflow into the liver remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that adipocyte activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was induced in human or mouse obesity. Adipocyte Atf3 −/− (Atf3 Adi−/− ) mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in chow diet, high-fat diet, or Western diet-fed mice. Blocking fatty acid flux by inhibiting hepatocyte CD36, but not the restoration of hepatic AMPK signaling, prevented the aggravation of MASH in Atf3 Adi−/− mice. Further studies show that the loss of adipocyte ATF3 increased lipolysis via inducing adipose triglyceride lipase, which in turn induced lipogenesis and inflammation in hepatocytes. Moreover, Atf3 Adi−/− mice had reduced energy expenditure and increased adipose lipogenesis and inflammation. Our data demonstrate that adipocyte ATF3 is a gatekeeper in counteracting MASH development under physiological and pathological conditions.

Background Fingertip injuries with amputation are one of the common hand injury problems. Several reconstructive options are available for fingertip injury. V-Y advancement flap is one of the common flaps. In some cases, their advancement capacities are not sufficient to cover the whole defect, resulting in flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, loss of finger pulp shape, or hooked deformity. The double V-Y flap consists of harvesting two cutaneous flaps on the same neurovascular digital palmar bundle. The first V-Y flap is raised as a neurovascular flap and the second flap is an advancement V-Y plasty.

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of a running and jumping game model in improving physical motor impairments in children with intellectual disabilities. A pre-experimental design method was used, involving 15 male children aged 11-12 years with intellectual disabilities, who were selected through purposive sampling. The running and jumping game model was conducted for 30 minutes per session, with moderate intensity (60-70% HRmax), three times a week for four weeks. Data collection involved measuring motor skill development, namely running speed and jump height, between pretest and posttest using a 40-meter run test and vertical jump test. Data analysis was conducted using a paired sample t-test with a 5% confidence level. The results showed a significant difference in running speed between pretest and posttest (8.98±0.07 vs. 7.66±0.09 seconds; p=0.001). Similarly, jump height analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest (21.57±0.98 vs. 31.43±1.72 cm; p=0.001). This proves that the running and jumping game model effectively improves motor skills impairments in children with intellectual disabilities.

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a growing concern, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant consequence. Currently, there are no approved drugs to treat NAFLD in children. However, a recent study explored the potential of vitamin E enriched with tocotrienol (TRF) as a powerful antioxidant for NAFLD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness and safety of TRF in managing children with obesity and NAFLD. Methods A total of 29 patients aged 10 to 18 received a daily oral dose of 50 mg TRF for six months (January 2020 to February 2022), and all had fatty liver disease were detected by ultrasonography and abnormally high alanine transaminase levels (at least two-fold higher than the upper limits for their respective genders). Various parameters, including biochemical markers, FibroScan, LiverFASt, DNA damage, and cytokine expression, were monitored. Results APO-A1 and AST levels decreased significantly from 1.39 ± 0.3 to 1.22 ± 0.2 g/L (P = 0.002) and from 30 ± 12 to 22 ± 10 g/L (P = 0.038), respectively, in the TRF group post-intervention. Hepatic steatosis was significantly reduced in the placebo group from 309.38 ± 53.60 db/m to 277.62 ± 39.55 db/m (p = 0.048), but not in the TRF group. Comet assay analysis showed a significant reduction in the DNA damage parameters in the TRF group in the post-intervention period compared to the baseline, with tail length decreasing from 28.34 ± 10.9 to 21.69 ± 9.84; (p = 0.049) and with tail DNA (%) decreasing from 54.13 ± 22.1to 46.23 ± 17.9; (p = 0.043). Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were significantly lower in the TRF group compared to baseline levels for IL-6 (2.10 6.3 to 0.7 1.0 pg/mL; p = 0.047 pg/mL) and TNF-1 (1.73 5.5 pg/mL to 0.7 0.5 pg/mL; p = 0.045). Conclusion The study provides evidence that TRF supplementation may offer a risk-free treatment option for children with obesity and NAFLD. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of TRF offer a promising adjuvant therapy for NAFLD treatment. In combination with lifestyle modifications such as exercise and calorie restriction, TRF could play an essential role in the prevention of NAFLD in the future. However, further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of TRF supplementation on NAFLD in children. Trial registration The study has been registered with the International Clinical Trial Registry under reference number (NCT05905185) retrospective registration on (15/06/2023).

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the results of comprehensive genetic testing in patients presenting to a dedicated multidisciplinary inherited heart disease clinic in India. Methods: All patients presenting to our clinic from August 2017 to October 2023 with a suspected inherited heart disease and consenting for genetic testing were included. The probands were grouped into familial cardiomyopathies namely hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), channelopathies namely congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome (BrS), and heritable connective tissue disorder namely Marfan Syndrome (MFS). Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used, and pre-test and post-test counseling were provided to probands and cascade screening offered to relatives. Results: Mean age of the subjects (n = 77; 48 probands, 29 relatives) was 43 ± 18 years, 68 % male and 44 % symptomatic, with 36 HCM, 3 DCM, 3 ACM, 1 PPCM, 3 LQTS, 1 BrS and 1 MFS probands. The diagnostic yield of NGS-based genetic testing was 31 %; variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were identified in 54 %; and 15 % were genotype-negative. Twenty-nine relatives from 18 families with HCM (n = 12), DCM (n = 3), ACM (n = 2) and MFS (n = 1) underwent genetic testing. The genotype positive probands/relatives and VUS carriers with strong disease phenotype and/or high risk variant were advised periodic follow-up; the remaining probands/relatives were discharged from further clinical surveillance. Conclusions: Genetic testing guides treatment and follow-up of patients with inherited heart diseases and should be carried out in dedicated multidisciplinary clinics with expertise for counseling and cascade screening of family members.