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Seismic numerical modeling technique provide most suitable way for the simulation of wave propagation through subsurface rocks and play an essential role in seismic interpretation, seismic inversion and in evaluating and designing a seismic survey. In order to delineate subsurface more precisely, different approaches are proposed for numerical modeling in which the solutions of Biot’s poroelastic equation are given by using reflectivity, finite element and finite difference algorithms. In current study, a finite difference forward modeling method is proposed to quantify the variation in wave properties during its propagation in a poroelastic media exhibiting mesoscopic heterogeneity due to the existence of three phase fluids. The Biot’s poroelastic wave equations are resolved and a generalized finite difference technique in time domain (FDTD) is used to examine seismic responses in a poroelastic media saturated with three phase fluids. So that the ability to detect geo-fluids through forward modeling technique can be improved. The accuracy of the simulation will lay a good foundation for the follow up work and will enhance our understandings about wave propagation through multi-phase poroelastic media and will also assist in detection and discrimination between fluids of different nature. Also, the proposed approach is of great significance for imaging and prediction of subsurface structures and distribution of fluids.

Devolution of government financial authority has been an important component of the fiscal reforms implemented by the Musharraf government on the advice of the IMF, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank since 2000. Devolution of fiscal authorityhas been integrated into the scheme for the establishment of local government in Sindh.The legal framework for this devolution of fiscal authority is provided by the Sindh Local Government Ordinance (SLGO) of 2001. The fiscal responsibility of Taluka and Town Municipal Authorities (TMAs) have been significantly enhanced by this legislative act.This paper prevents an analysis of the fiscal performance of six Sindh TMAs during Fy 2001 to Fy 2005. Section 1 describes the work done by successive Provincial Finance Commissions (PFC) established under SLGO 2001. Section II describes the fiscal responsibility of the TMAs and associated procedures for discharge of theseresponsibilities. Section III analysis the budgeting performance of six Sindh TMAs during Fy 2002 – Fy 2005 (Mithi, Badin, Naushahro Feroze, Dadu, Sanghar and Khairpur). Conclusion are presented in section IV.