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Abstract Objective The objective of the case report is to analyze the clinical manifestations and imaging features of gouty long head of biceps tendinitis, and to summarize the methods and effects of shoulder arthroscopic surgery. Clinical presentation and intervention The clinical data of a 39-year-old Han Chinese female with gouty long head of the biceps tendinitis was retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical manifestations, imaging features, and diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. The patient presented with pain and limited movement of right shoulder joint. Computed tomography showed irregular high-density shadows above the glenoid and adjacent to the coracoid process of the right shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed superior labrum anterior and posterior injury with edema in the upper recess and axillary sac. After arthroscopic surgery, the “tofu residue” tissue of the long head of the biceps was removed, and the postoperative pathological examination proved that it was gout stone. Conclusion Gouty long head of the biceps tendinitis is a rare disease. Arthroscopic surgery can probe the structural lesions of shoulder cavity in all aspects, improve the surgical accuracy, and reduce the trauma.

Estrogen deficiency is considered the most important cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanism is still not completely understood. In this study, progranulin (PGRN) was isolated as a key regulator of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through high throughput proteomics screening. In addition, PGRN-deficient mice exhibited significantly lower bone mass than their littermates in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model. Furthermore, estrogen-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption as well as its protection against ovariectomy-induced bone loss largely depended on PGRN. Mechanistic studies revealed the existence of a positive feedback regulatory loop between PGRN and estrogen signaling. In addition, loss of PGRN led to the reduction of estrogen receptor α, the important estrogen receptor involved in estrogen regulation of osteoporosis, through enhancing its degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination. These findings not only provide a previously unrecognized interplay between PGRN and estrogen signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis but may also present a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting PGRN/estrogen receptor α.

Background: Over-activated osteoclast (OC) is a major cause of diseases related to bone loss and bone metabolism. Both bone resorption inhibition and apoptosis induction of osteoclast are crucial in treating these diseases. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an important interferon-stimulated and apoptotic gene. However, how XAF1 regulates bone formation and remodeling is unknown. Methods: We generate global and chimeric Xaf1 knockout mouse models and utilize these models to explore the function and mechanism of XAF1 in regulating bone formation and remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Results: We show that XAF1 depletion enhances osteoclast generation in vitro. XAF1 knockout increases osteoclast number and bone resorption, thereby exacerbating bone loss in both OVX and osteolysis models. Activation of XAF1 with BV6 (a potent XIAP inhibitor) suppresses osteoclast formation. Mechanistically, XAF1 deletion decreases osteoclast apoptosis by facilitating the interaction between XIAP and caspase-3/7. Conclusions: Our data illustrates an essential role of XAF1 in controlling osteoclastogenesis in both osteoporosis and osteolysis mouse models and highlights its underlying mechanism, indicating a potential role in clinical treatment.The translational potential of this article: The translation potential of this article is that we first indicated that osteoclast apoptosis induced by XAF1 contribute to the progression of osteoporosis and osteolysis, which provides a novel strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteolysis.

Abstract The fracture healing outcome is largely dependent on the quantities as well as osteogenic differentiation capacities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the lesion site. Herein, macrophage membrane (MM)-reversibly cloaked nanocomplexes (NCs) are engineered for the lesion-targeted and hierarchical co-delivery of short stromal derived factor-1α peptide (sSDF-1α) and Ckip-1 small interfering RNA (Ckip-1 siRNA, siCkip-1) to promote bone repair by concurrently fostering recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of endogenous MSCs. To construct the NCs, a membrane-penetrating α-helical polypeptide first assembles with siCkip-1, and the cationic NCs are sequentially coated with catalase and an outer shell of sSDF-1α-anchored MM. Due to MM-assisted inflammation homing, intravenously injected NCs could efficiently accumulate at the fractured femur, where catalase decomposes the local hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen bubbles that drives the shedding of sSDF-1α-anchored MM in the extracellular compartment. The exposed, cationic inner core thus enables robust trans-membrane delivery into MSCs to induce Ckip-1 silencing. Consequently, sSDF-1α-guided MSCs recruitment cooperates with siCkip-1-mediated osteogenic differentiation to facilitate bone formation and accelerate bone fracture healing. This study provides an enlightened strategy for the hierarchical co-delivery of macromolecular drugs into different cellular compartments, and it also renders a promising modality for the management of fracture healing.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has the ability to invade human cortical bones and cause intracellular infections in osteoblasts, which may lead to a long-term infection that is difficult to eliminate. It is critical to identify the underlying mechanisms of the osteoblast response to the intracellular S. aureus. More recently, multiple circular RNA (circRNA) functions have been identified, including serving as protein scaffolds or miRNA sponges and being translated into polypeptides. The role that circRNAs play in intracellular S. aureus infection of osteoblasts has not, to our knowledge, been investigated. Here, we established an intracellular infection model of S. aureus in osteoblasts and compared the circRNA expression of osteoblasts between the infected and control groups using RNA sequencing technology, by which a significant difference was found. In total, 117 upregulated and 125 down-regulated differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was employed to validate the results of RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses demonstrated that DEcircRNAs were enriched in processes associated with macromolecule modification, cellular component organization or biogenesis, and intracellular non-membrane-bound organelles. Finally, a potentially important network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA based on the DEcircRNAs was constructed. Overall, this study revealed the circRNA expression profile of human osteoblasts infected by intracellular S. aureus for the first time, and identified the circRNAs that may contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by intracellular S. aureus infection in human osteoblasts.

ABSTRACT Bone homeostasis, the equilibrium between bone resorption and formation, is essential for maintaining healthy bone tissue in adult humans. Disruptions of this process can lead to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis. Dual‐targeted agents, capable of inhibiting excessive bone resorption and stimulating bone formation, are being explored as a promising strategy for developing new treatments to address osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of P7C3 on bone remodeling and its potential therapeutic role in osteoporosis treatment in mice. Specifically, P7C3 can remarkably suppress receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages via the Akt‐NF‐κB‐NFATc1 signaling pathway. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that P7C3 promoted osteoblast differentiation and function through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, thereby enhancing bone formation. Furthermore, μCT analysis and histological examination of bone tissues from P7C3‐treated mice showed attenuation of both Ti‐induced bone erosion and ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss. These findings suggest that P7C3 may have a novel function in bone remodeling and may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Abstract The present study was developed to explore whether microRNA (miR)-760 targets heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) to control cartilage extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Both miR-760 and HBEGF expression levels were analysed in human degenerative cartilage tissues and in interleukin (IL)-1β/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated chondrocytes in vitro. A series of knockdown and overexpression assays were then used to gauge the functional importance of miR-760 and HBEGF in OA, with qPCR and western immunoblotting analyses. Bioinformatics assays were used to identify putative miR-760 target genes, with these predictions then being validated through RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. A murine anterior cruciate ligament transection model of OA was then established to prove the in vivo relevance of these findings. These experiments revealed that human degenerative cartilage tissues exhibited significant increases in miR-760 expression with a concomitant drop in HBEGF levels. IL-1β/TNF-α-treated chondrocytes also exhibited significant increases in miR-760 expression with a concomitant drop in HBEGF expression. When chondrocytes were transfected with either miR-760 inhibitor or HBEGF overexpression constructs, this was sufficient to interfere with degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, miR-760 was confirmed to control chondrocyte matrix homeostasis by targeting HBEGF, and the overexpression of HBEGF partially reversed the effects of miR-760 mimic treatment on the degradation of the cartilage ECM. When OA model mice were administered an intra-articular knee injection of an adenoviral vector encoding a miR-760 mimic construct, cartilage ECM degradation was aggravated. Conversely, the overexpression of HBEGF in OA model mice partially reversed the effects of miR-760 overexpression, restoring appropriate ECM homeostasis. In summary, these data indicated that the miR-760/HBEGF axis plays a central role in orchestrating the pathogenesis of OA, making it a candidate target for therapeutic efforts in OA.

Efficient detection and degradation of fungicides are greatly concerned with aquatic food safety. Herein, a multifunction CoFe2O4/MoS2@Au (ACMS) composite was synthesized for crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) photocatalytic degradation and SERS determination. As the construction of the Z-scheme heterostructure of ACMS, which enhanced the light absorption capability and the separation efficiency of photoexcited carrier significantly, ACMS possessed an excellent photocatalytic performance with a degradation rate of 94.76% for CV under simulated solar light irradiation. Furthermore, the multifunction ACMS exhibited superior SERS capability with a detection limit (LOD) of 4.309 × 10−2 μg L−1 for MG residues in water. And the ACMS substrates could be utilized to determine the MG residues in crucian carp extract, resulting in a recovery rate of 96.00~116.00%. In addition, such multifunction heterojunctions were performed for in situ monitoring of the photodegradation process. This research opened up a novel perspective on the applications of heterojunction-based multifunction materials for food safety control.

Abstract Purposes to study the effect of titanium particles on MLO-Y4 and the effects of osteocytes alterations on osteoblasts. Methods cultured MLO-Y4 osteocytes were exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles, cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptosis of MLO-Y4 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, Real-time PCR quantification of mRNA expression of SOST, at the same time with Western Blot detection sclerosteosis protein expression levels.MC3T3-E1 cells culture with MLO-Y4 cells exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles in vitro, in order to detection of osteoblast osteogenetic activity. Results Our results showed that Ti particles inhibited cell viability of MLO-Y4 osteocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with Ti particles caused apoptosis of MLO-Y4cells.Treatment with Ti particles significantly increased expression of the osteocytic marker SOST/sclerostin. Furthermore, treatment of MLO-Y4 cells with Ti particles produced a dose-dependent decrease in ALP activity and decreased mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through direct cell-cell contact. Conclusions Titanium particles damage osteocytes and inhibit osteoblast differentiation.

Abstract Background To restore rotation center exactly in revision hip arthroplasty is technically challenging, especially in Paprosky type III. The technical difficulty is attributable to the complicated acetabular bone defect. In this study, we discussed the method of restoring rotation center in revision hip arthroplasty and reported the clinical and radiological outcome of mid-term and long-term follow-up. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 45 patients (48 hips) who underwent revision hip arthroplasty, in which 35 cases (35 hips) were available for complete follow-up data. During the operation, the acetabular bone defect was reconstructed by impaction morselized bone graft, and the hip rotation center was restored by using remnant Harris fossa and acetabular notches as the marks. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score. Pelvis plain x-ray was used to assess implant migration, stability of implants, and incorporation of the bone graft to host bone. Result The average follow-up duration was 97.60 months (range 72–168 months). The average Harris hip score improved from 29.54 ± 10.87 preoperatively to 83.77 ± 5.78 at the last follow-up. The vertical distance of hip rotation center measured on pelvis x-ray was restored to normal, with the mean distance (15.24 ± 1.31) mm (range 12.4~17.3 mm). The mean loss of vertical distance of hip rotation center was (2.21 ± 0.72) mm (range 1.1 ~ 5.3 mm) at the last follow-up. Conclusion Satisfactory clinical and radiological outcome can be obtained through restoring hip rotation center by using remnant Harris fossa and acetabular notches as the anatomical marks in revision hip arthroplasty.

For survival and quality of human life, the search for better ways to ensure food safety is constant. However, food contaminants still threaten human health throughout the food chain. In particular, food systems are often polluted with multiple contaminants simultaneously, which can cause synergistic effects and greatly increase food toxicity. Therefore, the establishment of multiple food contaminant detection methods is significant in food safety control. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has emerged as a potent candidate for the detection of multicomponents simultaneously. The current review focuses on the SERS-based strategies in multicomponent detection, including the combination of chromatography methods, chemometrics, and microfluidic engineering with the SERS technique. Furthermore, recent applications of SERS in the detection of multiple foodborne bacteria, pesticides, veterinary drugs, food adulterants, mycotoxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects for the SERS-based detection of multiple food contaminants are discussed to provide research orientation for further.

Abstract Purpose To restore rotation center exactly in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is technically challenging for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The technical difficulty is attributable to the complex acetabular changes. In this study, we investigated the pathomorphology of acetabulum and Harris fossa of Crowe types I to IV and discussed the method of restoring rotation center of the hip. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 56 patients (59 hips) who underwent cementless THA due to end-stage osteoarthritis of DDH. The pathomorphology of acetabulum and Harris fossa was observed during operations. Using the preoperative and postoperative pelvic radiographs, the vertical and the horizontal distances of hip rotation center were measured in order to evaluate the effects of restoring rotation center of the hip. Results Adult DDH acetabulum could be classified into four basic pathological types which include the shallow cup shape, the dish shape, the shell shape, and the triangular shape. Adult DDH Harris fossa could be classified into four pathological types, including the crack shape, the closed shape, the triangle shape, and the shallow shape, in accordance with the osteophyte coverage. The vertical and horizontal distances of hip rotation center on the pelvic radiographs before and after operations were as follows: the preoperative vertical distance of hip rotation center was (39.96 ± 5.65) mm, and the postoperative one was (13.83 ± 2.66) mm; the preoperative horizontal distance of hip rotation center was (42.15 ± 6.42) mm, and the postoperative one was (28.12 ± 4.56) mm. Conclusions The acetabulum and Harris fossa can display different pathological types on account of different degrees of dislocation and osteophyte hyperplasia in the end-stage osteoarthritis of adult DDH. The hip rotation center can be accurately restored by locating the acetabular center with Harris fossa and acetabular notch as the marks.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the only glial cell type that normally penetrates the transition zone between the peripheral and central nervous systems, are one of the most promising candidates for cell transplantation in repairing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, we must manipulate and regulate OECs' behavior to make these cells effective in cell transplantation. In the present study, we assessed the response of rat OECs to different variants of nanofibrous silk fibroin mats with regard to cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and migration and the related gene and protein expression. Results showed that OECs adhere and spread more easily on Tussah silk fibroin (TSF) fibers than Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers, resulting in a higher rate of cell proliferation and gene and protein expression, examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, the morphology of OECs on microfibers is mainly polygonal with short protrusions, whereas the OECs on nanofibers exhibit a bipolar shape with long protrusions that align along the fibers, especially when aligned fibers are employed. Moreover, OECs on silk fibroin nanofibers migrate more efficiently than those on poly-l-lysine (PLL). Based on the experimental results, the morphology, adhesion, spread, gene and protein expression, and migration of OECs could be modulated and regulated by adjusting the contents and structure of silk fibroin nanofibers, shedding light on the control of OECs' behavior in nerve tissue engineering and thus the future therapeutic intervention for nerve repair after injury. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) supplement issue of Cell Transplantation .