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Este trabajo presenta nuevos mapas de anomalía magnética y gravimétrica absoluta (Bouguer) del yacimiento polimetálico del Cerro de Almadenes (Otero de Herreros, Segovia). Los datos han sido adquiridos y procesados con equipamiento y técnicas modernas (eliminando todas las posibles fuentes de ruido), y los mapas obtenidos se han comparado con los mapas de anomalías ya existentes. La adquisición de datos detallados de campos potenciales proporciona nuevos criterios para controlar la geometría de las capas mineralizadas, restringiendo su potencia y profundidad, a través de la modelización directa en 2D de perfiles perpendiculares a las estructuras. Los resultados muestran que mientras que la anomalía magnética ayuda a constreñir la geometría de la capa M mineralizada, la anomalía gravimétrica puede indicar las zonas donde la mineralización está más concentrada. Este trabajo muestra que el avance metodológico e instrumental en las técnicas de adquisición de datos de campos potenciales da lugar a mapas de anomalías mejor constreñidas, que permiten una modelización más detallada de las mismas.

Critical raw materials are essential for the development of our society. However, most shallow ores have already been exploited and only deep targets remain unexplored. This work aims to apply indirect geophysical techniques to the San Finx Sn-W deposit (A Coruña) in order to get further constrains of its deep structure and geometry. Accordingly, a magnetic and a gravity survey have been carried out in the area (SE of Noia, A Coruña), at the southern part of the Malpica-Tui Complex. The resulting absolute magnetic anomaly and the relative gravity anomaly have been studied analytically and through 2-2.75D forward modeling. Results indicate that, the sampling interval (~1 km) is too high to characterize the anomalies related to the Sn-W mineralization. Contrarily, they show the potential field imprint of the regional Variscan tectonics. To better assess the relationship between the regional Variscan tectonics and the mineralization, a higher resolution survey should be acquired to detect this deposit.

Este trabajo explora los fundamentos para el diseño de áreas verdes desde una perspectiva ecológica, poniendo especial énfasis en el papel que los espacios abiertos pueden desempeñar para el fomento de la biodiversidad en el espacio urbano y periurbano en el contexto mediterráneo. El trabajo se centra en la búsqueda de alternativas al uso extensivo del césped, proponiéndose soluciones más viables atendiendo a la sostenibilidad de los espacios de intervención. Se ha acompañado durante un año la evolución de unas praderas en dos zonas verdes en Illescas (Toledo, España), lo que ha permitido evaluar esta opción para reducir costes de mantenimiento, contribuyendo también al incremento de la biodiversidad. Abstract: This work explores the fundaments for the design of green areas from an ecological perspective, with special emphasis on the role that open spaces can play in promoting biodiversity in urban and periurban spaces of the Mediterranean context. A search for alternatives to extensive use of lawns was performed, proposing solutions more viable considering the sustainability of intervention spaces. For one year a monitoring of the evolution of a meadow was carried out in two case studies in Illescas (Toledo, Spain), allowing evaluate this option to reduce maintenance costs, also contributing to increased biodiversity.

ABSTRACTObjective To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth.Material and Methods Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. ANCOM-BC corrected data were used to compare bacterial composition after antibiotic treatment through compositional analysis, and to compare microbiological with clinical data.Results The stationary phase was reached at 8 hours. The biofilm formed had a similar bacterial composition to the inoculum, and Enterococcus faecalis was virtually absent from the samples. The bacterial composition and the effect of antibiotics were sample-dependent. Metronidazole was the antibiotic that most inhibited biofilm formation and azithromycin the one that inhibited it in the highest percentage of cases. The antibiotic effect could not be related to the biofilm original bacterial composition.Conclusions The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and we propose it as a model for ex vivo evaluation of the whole biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials, as opposed to evaluating antibiotic sensitivity of specific bacterial isolates.

Background Heterogeneity in the treatment of a disease is a marker of suboptimal quality of care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the heterogeneity in the treatment used and the outcomes for Crohn’s disease (CD) in Catalonia.Methods All patients with CD included in the Catalan Health Surveillance System (data on more than seven million individuals from 2011 to 2017) were identified. The different Catalonian health areas were grouped into 19 district groups (DG). Treatments used rates (systemic corticosteroids, non-biological and biological immunosuppressant) and outcomes rates (hospitalization and surgery) were calculated.Results The use of systemic corticosteroids presented a decreasing trend over the study period, with an average rate of use in the different territories between 11% and 17%. The use of non-biological immunosuppressant treatment has remained stable, with an average rate of use ranging from 22% to 40% per year depending on the DG. The use of biological immunosuppressant treatment increased with an average rate of use in the different territories ranging from 10 to 23%.Hospitalizations for any reason showed an increasing trend between 2011 and 2017 with an average rate of between 23% and 32% per year depending on the area. Hospitalizations for CD presented a decreasing trend, with an average rate of between 5% and 11% per year. Surgical treatment remained stable over time, rates per year were between 0.5% and 2%.Conclusion A remarkable geographical heterogeneity in the use of different treatments and in outcomes of CD was observed between different geographical areas of Catalonia. KEY MESSAGEThere is a notable geographical heterogeneity in the administration of biological and immunosuppressive treatments to Crohn’s disease patients in Catalonia.There is also a geographical heterogeneity in their rates of hospitalization and surgical intervention.

Abstract Behavioral contagion and the presence of behavioral cascades are natural features in groups of animals showing collective motion, such as schooling fish or grazing herbivores. Here we study empirical behavioral cascades observed in fish schools defined as avalanches of consecutive large changes in the heading direction of the trajectory of fish. In terms of a minimum turning angle introduced to define a large change, avalanches are characterized by distributions of size and duration showing scale-free signatures, reminiscent of self-organized critical behavior. We observe that avalanches are generally triggered by a small number of fish, which act as effective leaders that induce large rearrangements of the group’s trajectory. This observation motivates the proposal of a simple model, based in the classical Vicsek model of collective motion, in which a given individual acts as a leader subject to random heading reorientations. The model reproduces qualitatively the empirical avalanche behavior observed in real schools, and hints towards a connection between effective leadership, long range interactions and avalanche behavior in collective movement.

The R package sensobol provides several functions to conduct variance-based uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, from the estimation of sensitivity indices to the visual representation of the results. It implements several state-of-the-art first and total-order estimators and allows the computation of up to fourth-order effects, as well as of the approximation error, in a swift and user-friendly way. Its flexibility makes it also appropriate for models with either a scalar or a multivariate output. We illustrate its functionality by conducting a variance-based sensitivity analysis of three classic models: the Sobol' (1998) G function, the logistic population growth model of Verhulst (1845), and the spruce budworm and forest model of Ludwig, Jones, and Holling (1976).

Winner of the Fabian Dorsch ESA Essay Prize. Julian Dodd defends the view that, in musical work-performance practice, interpretive authenticity is a more fundamental value than score compliance authenticity. According to him, compliance with a work’s score can be sacrificed in cases where it conflicts with interpretative authenticity. Stephen Davies and Andrew Kania reject this view, arguing that, if a performer intentionally departs from a work’s score, she is not properly instantiating that work and hence not producing an authentic performance of it. I argue that this objection fails. A detailed analysis of work-performance practice reveals, first, that the normative scope of interpretive authenticity encompasses the practice of composing musical versions and that, second, when performers sacrifice score compliance to maximize interpretive authenticity, they are performing the target work by means of performing a version of it. By means of the nested types theory, I then show how performances produced in this way can be properly formed instances, and hence authentic performances, of their target work.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important medical problems around the world. Identification of patient´s singular characteristic could help to reduce the clinical impact and facilitate individualized management. This study aimed to categorize MetS patients using phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health check-ups of individuals considered to have high cardiovascular risk. The selected markers to categorize MetS participants included anthropometric variables as well as clinical data, biochemical parameters and prescribed pharmacological treatment. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with a subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis using the z-scores from factor analysis. The first step identified three different factors. The first was determined by hypercholesterolemia and associated treatments, the second factor exhibited glycemic disorders and accompanying treatments and the third factor was characterized by hepatic enzymes. Subsequently four clusters of patients were identified, where cluster 1 was characterized by glucose disorders and treatments, cluster 2 presented mild MetS, cluster 3 presented exacerbated levels of hepatic enzymes and cluster 4 highlighted cholesterol and its associated treatments Interestingly, the liver status related cluster was characterized by higher protein consumption and cluster 4 with low polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This research emphasized the potential clinical relevance of hepatic impairments in addition to MetS traditional characterization for precision and personalized management of MetS patients.

The global water demands of irrigated agriculture are estimated through country surveys or through hydrological models, but both approaches are taxing. Here, the authors show that they can simply be estimated as a function of irrigated areas.

The mechanisms underlying intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-related cognitive impairment (CI) remain unclear. Long-term structural and functional changes were investigated in the brains of healthy male and female Wistar rats after experimental ICH. Following double injection of autologous blood, rats underwent short-term (onset, 3 and 7 days) and long-term (3 and 6 months) radiological assessment and behavioral tests exploring spontaneous locomotion, anxiety-like behavior and working memory, spatial recognition memory and visual recognition memory. Volumetric and metabolic changes in brain areas were examined by 7Tesla-MRI and [18F] FDG-PET, respectively. Brain connectomic disorders and maladaptive processes were seeked through brain metabolic connectivity analysis and atrophy-related network analysis. From an initial hematoma mean volume of 23.35 ± 9.50 mm3, we found early spontaneous locomotor recovery and significant spontaneous blood resorption (≈ 40% of the initial lesion) from days 0 to 7. After 3 and 6 months, ICH rats exhibited CI in several domains as compared to the sham group (working memory: 58.1 ± 1.2 vs. 70.7 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001; spatial recognition memory: 48.7 ± 1.9 vs. 64 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001 and visual recognition memory: 0.14 ± 0.05 vs. 0.33 ± 0.04, p = 0.013, in female only). Rats that experienced ICH had remote and concomitant cerebral atrophy and hypometabolism of ipsilateral striatum, thalamus, limbic system and cortical areas (temporal and parietal lobes). Interestingly, both structural and metabolic deterioration was found in the limbic system connected to the affected site, but remotely from the initial insult. On the other hand, increased activity and functional connectivity occurred in the contralateral hemisphere. These connectomics results showed that both maladaptative and compensation processes coexist in the rat brain following ICH, even at young age and in a disease-free setting. These radiological findings deepen our understanding of ICH-related CI and may serve as biomarkers in the view of future therapeutic intervention.

Celia Zubrinich,1,2 Robert Puy,1,3 Robyn O’Hehir,1,3 Mark Hew1,2 1Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 2School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 3Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaCorrespondence: Celia Zubrinich Email c.zubrinich@alfred.org.auBackground: Allergy to the omega-5-gliadin component of gluten (O-5-G allergy) often manifests when wheat ingestion is followed by a co-factor, usually exercise. There is no established best approach to management.Objective: We sought to identify the beneficial effects, firstly of establishing a firm diagnosis, and secondly of stringent management, either by avoiding gluten ingestion altogether or separating it temporally from exercise by at least 4 hours. We also determined how frequently patients adhered to their physicians’ clinical recommendations.Methods: We undertook a survey of individuals diagnosed with O-5-G allergy at our institution over 8 years, who had a consistent clinical history and confirmatory laboratory evidence.Results: Of 80 eligible individuals, 43 responded (54%). Symptoms began in adulthood for all bar one, and concurrent asthma and eczema was uncommon (9% prevalence, respectively). Median time to diagnosis was 2 years. Achieving a diagnosis reduced the rate of reactions (0.35 per month vs 1.085 reactions per month, p=0.029). Many patients (10/43) did not adhere to the recommended stringent approach, to either avoid wheat/gluten or separate food and exercise by 4 hours. However, those adopting a stringent approach had a substantially lower risk of recurrent allergic reaction (0.22 per month vs 0.74 per month, p=0.004).Conclusion: The epidemiology of O-5-G allergy implies pathogenic mechanisms potentially distinct from those of childhood-onset food allergy. Accurate diagnosis improves the clinical trajectory, primarily through the adoption of a stringent management approach.Keywords: omega-5-gliadin allergy, wheat allergy, food allergy, anaphylaxis, wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, WDEIA, food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, FDEIA

BackgroundThe studies which address the impact of costs of robotic vs. laparoscopic approach on quality of life (cost-effectiveness studies) are scares in general surgery.MethodsThe Spanish national study on cost-effectiveness differences among robotic and laparoscopic surgery (ROBOCOSTES) is designed as a prospective, multicentre, national, observational study. The aim is to determine in which procedures robotic surgery is more cost-effective than laparoscopic surgery. Several surgical operations and patient populations will be evaluated (distal pancreatectomy, gastrectomy, sleeve gastrectomy, inguinal hernioplasty, rectal resection for cancer, Heller cardiomiotomy and Nissen procedure).DiscussionThe results of this study will demonstrate which treatment (laparoscopic or robotic) and in which population is more cost-effective. This study will also assess the impact of previous surgical experience on main outcomes.

To research teachers’ priorities on what was to be taught and learned during the COVID-19 lockdown, we asked Spanish Primary and Secondary teachers to choose and describe the activity they preferred among those carried out with their students during the pandemic. Our interest was to investigate what really happened in the classrooms, the type of learning favored by the practices (reproductive vs. constructive), and the agreement between the teacher’s goals and their teaching We obtained 272 activities that we analyzed according to the proposed goals, the types of learning worked (verbal, procedural, and attitudinal), and the kind of teaching promoted (content or student-centered). Results showed that most teachers proposed content-centered activities, oriented above all to verbal learning. There were clear differences between the proposed goals, partly student-centered, and what was really taught, essentially content-centered. We obtained two teaching profiles, one reproductive and the other constructive.

Abstract Dietary polyphenols have been widely investigated as antidiabetic agents in cell, animals, human study, and clinical trial. The number of publication (Indexed by Web of Science) on “polyphenols and diabetes” significantly increased since 2010. This review highlights the advances and opportunities of dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents. Dietary polyphenols prevent and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus via the insulin‐dependent approaches, for instance, protection of pancreatic islet β‐cell, reduction of β‐cell apoptosis, promotion of β‐cell proliferation, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of insulin signaling, and stimulation of pancreas to secrete insulin, as well as the insulin‐independent approaches including inhibition of glucose absorption, inhibition of digestive enzymes, regulation of intestinal microbiota, modification of inflammation response, and inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products. Moreover, dietary polyphenols ameliorate diabetic complications, such as vascular dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, coronary diseases, renal failure, and so on. The structure–activity relationship of polyphenols as antidiabetic agents is still not clear. The individual flavonoid or isoflavone has no therapeutic effect on diabetic patients, although the clinical data are very limited. Resveratrol, curcumin, and anthocyanins showed antidiabetic activity in human study. How hyperglycemia influences the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols is not well understood. An understanding of how diabetes alters the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols will lead to an improvement in their benefits and clinical outcomes.

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy located in the lower uterine segment. The current increase in the percentage of cesarean sections is accompanied by significant growth in the incidence of CSP, while advances in ultrasound diagnostic techniques have led to a greater number of CSP diagnoses. A misdiagnosed CSP, or one that is diagnosed too late, is life-threatening to the pregnant patient and predisposes her to complications such as uterine bleeding or rupture, which often require hysterectomy and thus result in the irreversible loss of fertility. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a history of undiagnosed CSP after multiple consultations for intermittent bleeding and hemorrhage. She was diagnosed by ultrasound and the diagnosis was confirmed by hysteroscopy. She underwent conservative medical treatment that was successful.

In this contribution, we present an innovative data-driven model to reconstruct a reliable temporal pattern for time-lagged statistical monetary figures. Our research cuts across several domains regarding the production of robust economic inferences and the bridging of top-down aggregated information from central databases with disaggregated information obtained from local sources or national statistical offices. Our test bed case study is the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The application we discuss deals with the reported time lag between the local expenditures of ERDF by beneficiaries in Italian regions and the corresponding payments reported in the European Commission database. Our model reconstructs the timing of these local expenditures by back-dating the observed European Commission reimbursements. The inferred estimates are then validated against the expenditures reported from the Italian National Managing Authorities (NMAs) in terms of cumulative monetary difference. The lower cumulative yearly distance of our modelled expenditures compared to the official European Commission payments confirms the robustness of our model. Using sensitivity analysis, we also analyse the relative importance of the modelling parameters on the cumulative distance between the modelled and reported expenditures. The parameters with the greatest influence on the uncertainty of this distance are the following: first, how the non-clearly regionalised expenditures are attributed to individual regions; and second, the number of backward years that the residuals of the yearly payments are spread onto. In general, the distance between the modelled and reported expenditures can be further reduced by fixing these parameters. However, the gain is only marginal for some regions. The present study paves the way for modelling exercises that are aimed at more reliable estimates of the expenditures on the ground by the ultimate beneficiaries of European funds. Additionally, the output databases can contribute to enhancing the reliability of econometric studies on the effectiveness of European Union (EU) funds.

The COVID-19 lockdown in education institutions required music teachers to use ICT to continue teaching. This research study, with the use of a Likert type online questionnaire, analyses the ICT activities carried out during this period and the learning conceptions they reflect. The questionnaire consisted of the description of activities which varied, depending on the learning promoted (reproductive or constructive), the learning outcomes (verbal, procedural, or attitudinal), the type of assessment to which the activities were directed, and the presence of cooperative activities. The teachers had to indicate the frequency with which they carried out these activities. The questionnaire was completed by 254 instrumental music teachers from different types of institutions and different levels. The main study outcome was that teachers used reproductive activities more frequently than constructive ones. We also found that most activities were those favouring verbal learning and assessment. The cooperative activities were the least frequent. Finally, through a cluster analysis, we identified three teaching profiles depending on the frequency and type of ICT used: Passive, Active, and Interpretative. The variable that produced the most consistent differences was previous ICT use.

La pandemia de COVID-19 se afrontó implementando políticas de salud que afectaron a los sistemas educativos y forzaron el cierre de las instituciones. La Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Rafaela adoptó rápidamente medidas para continuar la formación de los estudiantes a distancia, permitiendo el desarrollo de contenidos, la promoción de asignaturas y los exámenes finales durante el aislamiento. Durante este proceso, se rediseñaron los materiales educativos para garantizar el desarrollo de las competencias requeridas en los planes curriculares; se propusieron prácticas innovadoras utilizando herramientas digitales y se consideraron distintos tipos de evaluaciones que aseguren la calidad requerida. Este trabajo presenta un estudio descriptivo de las acciones y herramientas aplicadas por algunas las cátedras del ciclo básico de las carreas de ingeniería. Además, muestra un análisis estadístico de la percepción de los estudiantes acerca esta implementación en una asignatura. Los resultados confirman que, en los casos estudiados, la transición a la educación virtual fue exitosa.

El presente artículo se conforma por tres apartados centrales. En los dos primeros se realiza una revisión de dos constructos teóricos multidimensionales: la estructura urbana y la conceptualización y atributos tradicionales del barrio. Habrá que destacar que, en ambas definiciones, se conjuga el interés por explicar las interacciones socioespaciales que se generan entre el territorio y sus habitantes; es justo al imbricar estas nociones que se genera una propuesta de planificación en la que se refrenda la creación y desarrollo de comunidades desde su unidad de sociabilidad básica. Dicha proposición se sustenta en la realización de investigaciones y proyectos urbanos llevados a cabo durante poco más de una década (2010-2020) en la ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México, estos proyectos se exponen en el tercer y último apartado. Así, el presente artículo busca reformular la planeación urbana tradicional, concluyendo con el planteamiento de una estrategia metodológica en la que se logre integrar las prácticas cotidianas y la cambiante configuración del espacio que se han suscitado desde el Siglo XVI hasta nuestros días

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the heme biosynthetic pathway that is characterized by uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS) deficiency and the accumulation of non-physiological isomer I porphyrins. These phototoxic metabolites predominantly produced by the erythron result in ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolysis and splenomegaly, but they also disseminate in tissues causing bullous photosensitivity to UV light and skin fragility that may progress to scarring with photo mutilation. Therapeutic management is currently limited to supportive care and bone marrow transplantation is reserved for the most severe cases. We describe here a 26-year-old women previously diagnosed with CEP harbouring two novel UROS gene mutations whose pathogenic mechanism was investigated by extensive molecular analysis. Clinical features included disabling hypertrichosis and skin photosensitivity without hemolysis. The first and rate-limiting 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) enzyme controls heme synthesis and porphyrin production in erythroid cells, while iron availability modulates its expression through a post-transcriptional mechanism. We performed iterative phlebotomies over 26 months to induce iron depletion in the patient and investigated the effectiveness and tolerance of this cost-effective approach. We observed a progressive decrease in plasma ferritin and urinary porphyrins upon treatment without inducing anemia. The patient reported improved quality of life and photosensitivity. Our data confirm recent reports highlighting the benefit of iron restriction on the disease phenotype through a reduction in porphyrin accumulation. This new strategy may represent an efficient and well-tolerated treatment for CEP patients with skin involvement and limited hematological component if iron restriction is carefully monitored.

Los autores del artículo trabajan en la integración de la termoelectricidad en fachadas desde el año 2009. El objeto de este artículo es revisar las posibilidades que esta tecnología ofrece para su incorporación como sistema de climatización de edificios, centrándose en la descripción y análisis del comportamiento del último prototipo realizado dentro de un proyecto de investigación. Para ello, se describen los criterios de diseño y los componentes necesarios para su montaje, aspectos en los que ha tenido especial importancia la reducción del puente térmico respecto a prototipos anteriores. Se explica la metodología experimental seguida, los ensayos realizados, y se analizan críticamente los resultados. Las conclusiones plantean mejoras y recomendaciones para implementar en futuros desarrollos.

Free metal ion concentrations of amalgamating elements such as Zn, Cd, In, or Pb can be determined with absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping(AGNES) in a variety of matrices, ranging from seawater to wine or dissolving nanoparticles. In this hands-on paper, we review the fundamental concepts and provide the practical steps to implement AGNES, including ready-to-run files for the software controlling the potentiostat, computation spreadsheets, step-by-step laboratory protocols, etc. Two case studies with a free Zn concentration determination are discussed: (i) a synthetic solution with the ligand oxalate and (ii) a natural sample of the Segre river (Catalonia, Spain). Suggestions for the extension of AGNES to other systems are indicated.

RESUMEN Este documento resume el contenido del documento de consenso sobre las dietas de exclusión en el síndrome del intestino irritable elaborado por el grupo de trabajo de la SEPD, FEAD, SENPE, FESNAD, SEÑ, SEEN, SEGHNP, SEDCA y ADENYD. El documento completo está disponible en la web de la SEPD. El síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno funcional digestivo muy prevalente en el que, aparte del farmacológico, el tratamiento dietético y la adquisición de hábitos saludables son básicos para su control. Para facilitar el consejo dietético a estos pacientes en la práctica diaria se ha elaborado el presente documento de consenso sobre el papel de las dietas de evitación en el síndrome del intestino irritable. Para ello se ha recogido la opinión consensuada de diferentes expertos que representan a las principales sociedades científicas nacionales para establecer unas recomendaciones aplicables en la práctica asistencial en los pacientes con síndrome del intestino irritable.

BackgroundThe cardiovascular effects of treating older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are uncertain. Although concerns have been raised regarding a potential increase in cardiovascular side effects from thyroid hormone replacement, undertreatment may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events, especially for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo determine the effects of levothyroxine treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with SCH.MethodsCombined data of two parallel randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials TRUST (Thyroid hormone Replacement for Untreated older adults with Subclinical hypothyroidism – a randomised placebo controlled Trial) and IEMO80+ (the Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine in Old Age 80-plus thyroid trial) were analysed as one-stage individual participant data. Participants aged ≥65 years for TRUST (n=737) and ≥80 years for IEMO80+ (n=105) with SCH, defined by elevated TSH with fT4 within the reference range, were included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or levothyroxine, with titration of the dose until TSH level was within the reference range. Cardiovascular events and cardiovascular side effects of overtreatment (new-onset atrial fibrillation and heart failure) were investigated, including stratified analyses according to CVD history and age.ResultsThe median [IQR] age was 75.0 [69.7–81.1] years, and 448 participants (53.2%) were women. The mean TSH was 6.38± SD 5.7 mIU/L at baseline and decreased at 1 year to 5.66 ± 3.3 mIU/L in the placebo group, compared with 3.66 ± 2.1 mIU/L in the levothyroxine group (p

The speciation of trace metals in an aquatic system involves the determination of free ions, complexes (labile and non-labile), colloids, and the total dissolved concentration. In this paper, we review the integrated assessment of free ions and labile metal complexes using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT), a dynamic speciation technique. The device consists of a diffusive hydrogel layer made of polyacrylamide, backed by a layer of resin (usually Chelex-100) for all trace metals except for Hg. The best results for Hg speciation are obtained with agarose as hydrogel and a thiol-based resin. The diffusive domain controls the diffusion flux of the metal ions and complexes to the resin, which strongly binds all free ions. By using DGT devices with different thicknesses of the diffusive or resin gels and exploiting expressions derived from kinetic models, one can determine the labile concentrations, mobilities, and labilities of different species of an element in an aquatic system. This procedure has been applied to the determination of the organic pool of trace metals in freshwaters or to the characterization of organic and inorganic complexes in sea waters. The concentrations that are obtained represent time-weighted averages (TWA) over the deployment period.

The closure of schools as a result of COVID-19 has been a critical global incident from which to rethink how education works in all our countries. Among the many changes generated by this crisis, all teaching became mediated by digital technologies. This paper intends to analyze the activities carried out during this time through digital technologies and the conceptions of teaching and learning that they reflect. We designed a Likert-type online questionnaire to measure the frequency of teaching activities. It was answered by 1,403 teachers from Spain (734 primary and 669 secondary education teachers). The proposed activities varied depending on the learning promoted (reproductive or constructive), the learning outcomes (verbal, procedural, or attitudinal), the type of assessment to which the activities were directed, and the presence of cooperative activities. The major result of this study was that teachers used reproductive activities more frequently than constructive ones. We also found that most activities were those favoring verbal and attitudinal learning. The cooperative activities were the least frequent. Finally, through a cluster analysis, we identified four teaching profiles depending on the frequency and type of digital technologies use: Passive, Active, Reproductive, and Interpretative. The variable that produced the most consistent differences was previous digital technologies use These results show that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) uses are reproductive rather than constructive, which impedes effective digital technologies integration into the curriculum so that students gain 21st-century competencies.

BackgroundClinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections diverge in different countries. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Argentina.MethodsMulticenter prospective cohort study of ≥18 years-old patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection consecutively admitted to 19 hospitals in Argentina. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with 30-day mortality and admission to intensive care unit (ICU).ResultsA total of 809 patients were analyzed. Median age was 53 years, 56% were males and 71% had at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (32%), obesity (23%) and diabetes (17%). Disease severity at admission was classified as mild 25%, moderate 51%, severe 17%, and critical 7%. Almost half of patients (49%) required supplemental oxygen, 18% ICU, and 12% invasive ventilation. Overall, 30-day mortality was 11%. Factors independently associated with ICU admission were male gender (OR 1.81; 95%CI 1.16-2.81), hypertension (OR 3.21; 95%CI 2.08-4.95), obesity (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.51-3.7), oxygen saturation ≤93% (OR 6.45; 95%CI 4.20-9.92) and lymphopenia (OR 3.21; 95%CI 2.08-4.95). Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality included age ≥60 years-old (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.63-4.43), oxygen saturation ≤93% (OR 3.19; 95%CI 1.97-5.16) and lymphopenia (OR 2.65; 95%CI 1.64-4.27).ConclusionsThis cohort validates crucial clinical data on patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Argentina.

The need to meet the demand for transplants entails the use of steatotic livers, more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Therefore, finding the optimal composition of static cold storage (SCS) preservation solutions is crucial. Given that ROS regulation is a therapeutic strategy for liver IR injury, we have added increasing concentrations of PEG35 and glutathione (GSH) to the preservation solutions (IGL-1 and IGL-2) and evaluated the possible protection against energy depletion and oxidative stress. Fatty livers from obese Zücker rats were isolated and randomly distributed in the control (Sham) preserved (24 h at 4 °C) in IGL-0 (without PEG35 and 3 mmol/L GSH), IGL-1 (1 g/L PEG35, and 3 mmol/L GSH), and IGL-2 (5 g/L PEG35 and 9 mmol/L GSH). Energy metabolites (ATP and succinate) and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes (OXPHOS) were determined. Mitochondrial carrier uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the inflammasome (NLRP3) expressions were analyzed. As biomarkers of oxidative stress, protein oxidation (AOPP) and carbonylation (DNP derivatives), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)–thiobarbituric acid (TBA) adducts) were measured. In addition, the reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and enzymatic (Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, GSH S-T, GSH-Px, and GSH-R) antioxidant capacities were determined. Our results showed that the cold preservation of fatty liver graft depleted ATP, accumulated succinate and increased oxidative stress. In contrast, the preservation with IGL-2 solution maintained ATP production, decreased succinate levels and increased OXPHOS complexes I and II, UCP2, and PINK-1 expression, therefore maintaining mitochondrial integrity. IGL-2 also protected against oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and GSH levels. Therefore, the presence of PEG35 in storage solutions may be a valuable option as an antioxidant agent for organ preservation in clinical transplantation.

Iron absorption requires an acidic environment that is generated by the activity of the proton pump gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase (ATP4), expressed in gastric parietal cells. However, hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide that inhibits iron absorption, unexpectedly upregulates ATP4 and increases gastric acidity. Thus, a concept of link between acidosis and alterations in iron metabolism, needs to be explored. We investigated this aspect in-vivo using experimental models of NH4Cl-induced acidosis and of an iron-rich diet. Under acidosis, gastric ATP4 was augmented. Serum hepcidin was induced and its mRNA level was increased in the liver but not in the stomach, a tissue where hepcidin is also expressed. mRNA and protein levels of intestinal DMT1(Divalent Metal Transporter 1) and ferroportin were downregulated. Serum iron level and transferrin saturation remained unchanged, but serum ferritin was significantly increased. Under iron-rich diet, the protein expression of ATP4A was increased and serum, hepatic and gastric hepcidin were all induced. Taken together, these results provide evidence of in-vivo relationship between iron metabolism and acidosis. For clinical importance, we speculate that metabolic acidosis may contribute in part to the pathologic elevation of serum hepcidin levels seen in patients with chronic kidney disease. The regulation of ATP4 by iron metabolism may also be of interest for patients with hemochromatosis.

Iron is required for energy production, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation, mainly as a component of the prosthetic group in hemoproteins and as part of iron-sulfur clusters. Iron is also a critical component of hemoglobin and plays an important role in oxygen delivery. Imbalances in iron metabolism negatively affect these vital functions. As the crucial barrier between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism during pregnancy. Iron deficiency affects 1.2 billion individuals worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of developing or worsening iron deficiency. On the contrary, in frequent hemoglobin diseases, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia, iron overload is observed. Both iron deficiency and iron overload can affect neonatal development. This review aims to provide an update on our current knowledge on iron and heme metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. The main molecular actors in human placental iron metabolism are described, focusing on the impact of iron deficiency and hemoglobin diseases on the placenta, together with normal metabolism. Then, we discuss data concerning iron metabolism in frequent pathological pregnancies to complete the picture, focusing on the most frequent diseases.

Abstract Background Iron deficiency is difficult to diagnose in critically ill patients, but may be frequent and may impair recovery. Measurement of hepcidin could help in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. We aim to assess if iron deficiency diagnosed using hepcidin is associated with poorer outcome one year after an intensive care unit stay. Methods We used the prospective FROG-ICU, multicentre (n = 28 ICUs), observational cohort study of critically ill survivors followed up one year after intensive care unit discharge. Iron deficiency was defined as hepcidin 0.8, measured in blood drawn at intensive care unit discharge. Main outcomes were one-year all-cause mortality and poor quality of life (defined as a Short Form 36 (SF-36) score below the median). Results Among the 2087 patients in the FROG-ICU cohort, 1570 were discharged alive and 1161 had a blood sample available at intensive care unit discharge and were included in the analysis. Using hepcidin, 429 (37%) patients had iron deficiency, compared to 72 (6%) using ferritin alone and 151 (13%) using the sTfR/log(ferritin) ratio. Iron deficiency diagnosed according to low hepcidin was an independent predictor of one-year mortality (OR 1.51 (1.10–2.08)) as was high sTfR/log ferritin ratio (OR = 1.95 (1.27–3.00)), but low ferritin was not. Severe ID, defined as hepcidin

Erythropoietic porphyrias are caused by enzymatic dysfunctions in the heme biosynthetic pathway, resulting in porphyrins accumulation in red blood cells. The porphyrins deposition in tissues, including the skin, leads to photosensitivity that is present in all erythropoietic porphyrias. In the bone marrow, heme synthesis is mainly controlled by intracellular labile iron by post-transcriptional regulation: translation of ALAS2 mRNA, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, is inhibited when iron availability is low. Moreover, it has been shown that the expression of ferrochelatase (FECH, an iron-sulfur cluster enzyme that inserts iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme), is regulated by intracellular iron level. Accordingly, there is accumulating evidence that iron status can mitigate disease expression in patients with erythropoietic porphyrias. This article will review the available clinical data on how iron status can modify the symptoms of erythropoietic porphyrias. We will then review the modulation of heme biosynthesis pathway by iron availability in the erythron and its role in erythropoietic porphyrias physiopathology. Finally, we will summarize what is known of FECH interactions with other proteins involved in iron metabolism in the mitochondria.

III Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Combinar la nutrición comunitaria y personalizada: nuevos retos.

III Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Combinar la nutrición comunitaria y personalizada: nuevos retos.

Different studies have revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial in NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The aim of this study is to analyze whether pterostilbene and resveratrol are able to either avoid or delay the progression of non-alcoholic liver steatosis towards steatohepatitis. This has been performed by examining their effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and pre-carcinogenic stages. Rats were distributed into five experimental groups and were fed with either a standard diet or a high-fat high-fructose diet, supplemented or not with pterostilbene (15 or 30 mg/kg/d) or resveratrol (30 mg/kg/d), for 8 weeks. Liver histological analysis was carried out by haematoxylin–eosin staining. Serum and hepatic oxidative stress-related parameters were assessed using spectrophotometry, and the expression of genes related to inflammation, fibrosis and cancer by qRT-PCR. The dietary model used in this study led to the development of steatohepatitis, where rats displayed oxidative stress, inflammation and ballooning, although not fibrosis. It also modified the expression of hepatocarcinoma-related genes. The results show, for the first time, that pterostilbene was able to partially prevent these alterations, with the exception of changes in hepatocarcinoma-related genes, mainly at 30 mg/kg/d. Pterostilbene was more effective than its parent compound resveratrol, probably due to its high bioavailability and higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, attributable to its different chemical structure.

El presente trabajo de investigación posee sus inicios a partir de lecturas que fueron incrementando una inquietud que posee nombre y apellido: Alonso de Alfaro. Entre las bibliografías escritas por diversos autores santiagueños, existen referencias acerca de la importancia política, militar y religiosa que tuvo Alfaro en relación a sus actuaciones desarrolladas en el cabildo durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, las fuentes consultadas no poseen investigaciones relacionadas a las actividades económicas desempeñadas por Alfaro, algo que evidentemente fue una constante en la región debido a que un personaje destacado en la política y en las armas también era un comerciante fletador o un inversionista inmobiliario. Por estas cuestiones, trataremos de responder al siguiente interrogante: ¿cuál fue la importancia económica que tuvo Alfaro en Santiago del Estero y en el resto de las ciudades integrantes de la región del Tucumán? Una vez que estuvieron agotados los libros con referencias políticas al teniente de gobernador y mientras avanzábamos búsqueda de la información en el Archivo Histórico y en la Dirección General de Catastro (ambos organismos situados en Santiago del Estero), las reseñas hacia Alfaro se fueron direccionando desde las mencionadas actividades hacia el comercio local y regional y a las inversiones inmobiliarias rurales y urbanas efectuadas por él mismo o por la red familiar que fue confeccionada de acuerdo a los casamientos estratégicos de sus hijas y su nieta.

In order to fulfil the current challenges for the European building sector, building design has diverged into two alternative directions: active technologies and passive design strategies. In the last few years, advanced and responsive building envelope components have represented a promising answer to these challenges. This paper presents the design and construction process of a project that aims to design, build and control the energy performance of an industrial-scale modular active ventilated facade prototype with a new Themoelectric Peltier System (TPS). The TPS is a thermoelectric HVAC heat pump system designed to be located in the building envelope and providing a high comfort level. Trying to optimize the energy performance of the traditional ventilated opaque facade, and make more efficient the energy performance of the TPS, the concept of adaptability has been applied to ventilated opaque facades. The essential research theme is to control the natural phenomena that take place inside the ventilated air cavity of the facade: taking advantage when heat dissipation is needed, and avoiding it when heat losses are not welcome. In order to quantify the previous statements, some facade prototypes are being built in Pamplona (Spain) and their energy performance is going to be analyzed during a year.

From its discovery, hepcidin has generated many hopes in terms of diagnosis and management of a wide variety of iron-related diseases. However, in clinical use its accurate quantification remains a challenge due to the limited sensitivity, specificity or reproducibility of the techniques described. In this work, we adapted a highly specific and quantitative mass spectrometry method based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to measure hepcidin. Our objective was to adapt the feasibility and reproducibility of the workflow to a clinical environment. Analytical validation was performed according to ISO 15189 norms for determining the limit of detection (LOD, 2 ng/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ, 6 ng/mL), repeatability, reproducibility and linearity (up to 200 ng/mL). Using the serum of patients with various iron-related diseases we compared our SRM detection method to the well-characterized competitive ELISA (cELISA) test. The two methods were commutable (Bland–Altman plot) and we found a positive and significant correlation (r2 = 0.96, Pearson correlation coefficient p

Este artículo presenta los resultados del estudio sobre la sedimentación, los ambientes sedimentarios, la evolución tectono-sedimentaria y paleogeográfica de los depósitos clásticos pos-Laramide y pre-vulcanismo de la Sierra Madre Occidental en la Sierra de Guanajuato. Los depósitos clásticos rojos analizados corresponden al Conglomerado Guanajuato y al Conglomerado Duarte del Eoceno que fueron depositados en la parte media y distal de abanicos aluviales. Los depósitos estudiados están constituidos de clastos de calizas, granito, andesita, rocas sedimentarias, diorita y piroxenita, que indican la erosión de bloques levantados del complejo basal de la Sierra de Guanajuato (Terreno Guerrero). El análisis composicional y petrográfico de clastos de calizas permitió reconocer calizas de cuenca y calizas de plataforma somera provenientes del complejo basal de la Sierra de Guanajuato (Cuenca Arperos). Las calizas de plataforma somera presentan fragmentos esqueletales de bivalvos, braquiópodos, gasterópodos, equinodermos y foraminíferos bentónicos del Berriasiano-Valanginiano. Los clastos de caliza de plataforma se interpreta que podrían proceder de facies someras limítrofes de la cuenca Arperos, cuyos afloramientos originales actualmente no afloran en la Sierra de Guanajuato.

PURPOSE: To research the hyperbaric oxygen therapy effects on rats' livers and spleens. METHODS: 30 adult male Hotzman rats were used, being randomly distributed, by raffle, into 2 groups of 15 animals each: group 1 - control; group 2 - hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Group-2 animals underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 120 minutes daily, 90 minutes of which were under pressure of 2.5 atmospheres. The first and last 15 minutes were used for gradual compression and decompression, respectively, for 20 days in a row. The livers and spleens of the animals from the two groups were taken out for histologic examination, on the day after the end of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in group 2 animals. Liver and spleen histologic changes of the animals from the two groups were compared by using Fisher exact test. P < 0.05 was regarded as a significant difference. RESULTS: The only change in liver and spleen histology was the significant reduction in hepatic extramedullary erythropoiesis in the animals that underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces hepatic extramedullary erythropoiesis in rats and doesn't jeopardize the other liver and spleen structures.OBJETIVO: Pesquisar os efeitos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica sobre o fígado e baço de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 30 animais machos adultos da espécie Holtzman, distribuídos aleatoriamente e por sorteio em dois grupos de 15 animais cada, assim designados: grupo 1 - controle; grupo 2 - oxigenoterapia hiperbárica. Os animais do grupo 2 foram submetidos à oxigenoterapia hiperbárica por 120 minutos ao dia, sendo 90 minutos sob pressão de 2,5 atmosferas e 15 minutos iniciais e finais para a compressão e descompressão gradativa, respectivamente, em 20 dias consecutivos. Os fígados e baços dos animais dos dois grupos foram retirados para exame histológico, no dia seguinte após o término da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica nos animais do grupo 2. Compararam-se as alterações na histologia do fígado e baço entre os animais dos dois grupos empregando-se o teste exato de Fisher, considerando diferença significante o valor de p

This work proposes to detect and correct concept errors (EECC) to obtain Meaningful Learning (AS). The Conductive Model does not respond to the demand of meaningful learning that implies gathering thought, feeling and action to lead students up to both compromise and responsibility. In order to respond to the society competition about knowledge and information it is necessary to change the way of teaching and learning (from conductive model to constructive model). In this context it is important not only to learn meaningfully but also to create knowledge so as to developed dissertive, creative and critical thought, and the EECC are and obstacle to cope with this. This study tries to get ride of EECC in order to get meaningful learning. For this, it is essential to elaborate a Teaching Module (MI). This teaching Module implies the treatment of concept errors by a teacher able to change the dynamic of the group in the classroom. This M.I. was used among sixth grade primary school and first grade secondary school in some state assisted schools in the North of Argentina (Tucumán and Jujuy). After evaluation, the results showed great and positive changes among the experimental groups taking into account the attitude and the academic results. Meaningful Learning was shown through pupilʼs creativity, expressions and also their ability of putting this into practice into everyday life.

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by non-covalent imprinting polymerization using irinotecan as template. Methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine were selected as functional monomers. An optimized procedure coupled to LC-PDA analysis was developed for the selective solid-phase extraction of irinotecan from various organic media. A specific capacity of 0.65 µmol•g−1 for the MIP was determined. The high specificity of this MIP was demonstrated by studying the retention behaviour of two related compounds, camptothecin and SN-38. This support was applied for the extraction of irinotecan from human serum samples.

Se presentan nuevos datos sobre la estratigrafía y sedimentología de la sucesión volcanosedimentaria de la Unidad Inferior del Grupo Comondú (UIGC) al noreste de la ciudad de La Paz, en Punta Coyote, Baja California Sur, México. El análisis de facies, así como las nuevas dataciones 40Ar /39Ar permitieron interpretar la evolución del ambiente sedimentario y los pulsos volcánicos de la UIGC en Punta Coyote. De acuerdo al análisis realizado, el área estudiada formó parte de la cuenca de arco delantero al oeste del arco volcánico de la Sierra Madre Occidental durante el Oligoceno inferior al Mioceno inferior. El ambiente sedimentario de la unidad inferior del Grupo Comondú evolucionó inicialmente como un ambiente fluvial trenzado progradando a un ambiente de abanico aluvial donde llegaron a depositarse tres unidades tobáceas: toba los Azabaches (30.6 ± 0.4 Ma), toba La Capilla y toba El Oro (22.0 ± 0.4 Ma). La sucesión estudiada aporta nueva información en relación a la evolución estratigráfica del arco volcánico Oligoceno-Mioceno en la Península de Baja California y su correlación con los depósitos del Supergrupo Volcánico Superior de la Sierra Madre Occidental al noroeste de México.

"Este artículo se basa en una investigación sobre las creencias epistemológicas de los estudiantes de psicología acerca de su propia materia de estudio, es decir, cómo consideran la naturaleza del conocimiento psicológico y su aprendizaje. A ciento once estudiantes de Psicología de primer y cuarto curso se les presentó un cuestionario en el que se les preguntaba acerca de su grado de acuerdo con afi rmaciones relacionadas con la certeza, los criterios epistemológicos y la adquisición del conocimiento psicológico, también se les pedía una justifi cación de sus elecciones. Las respuestas se analizaron atendiendo al grado de acuerdo con posiciones objetivistas, relativistas o constructivistas. Nuestros resultados muestran diferencias entre las tareas de elección y justifi cación que parecen estar relacionadas con las propias demandas de la tarea. No obstante, los participantes manifestaron, en general, un claro rechazo de concepciones simplifi cadoras sobre la adquisición del conocimiento. Asimismo, hubo un efecto signifi cativo del nivel de instrucción, pues los alumnos de cuarto expresaron epistemologías más sofi sticadas en todas las dimensiones, con un mayor constructivismo y una perspectiva más compleja de la adquisición del conocimiento. A partir de estos datos se concluye sobre la importancia y la necesidad de la instrucciónepistemológica."

In order to fulfil the current challenges for the European building sector, building design has diverged into two alternative directions: active technologies and passive design strategies. In the last few years, advanced and responsive building envelope components have represented a promising answer to these challenges. This paper presents the design and construction process of a project that aims to design, build and control the energy performance of an industrial-scale modular active ventilated facade prototype with a new Themoelectric Peltier System (TPS). The TPS is a thermoelectric HVAC heat pump system designed to be located in the building envelope and providing a high comfort level. Trying to optimize the energy performance of the traditional ventilated opaque facade, and make more efficient the energy performance of the TPS, the concept of adaptability has been applied to ventilated opaque facades. The essential research theme is to control the natural phenomena that take place inside the ventilated air cavity of the facade: taking advantage when heat dissipation is needed, and avoiding it when heat losses are not welcome. In order to quantify the previous statements, some facade prototypes are being built in Pamplona (Spain) and their energy performance is going to be analyzed during a year.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica em ratos submetidos a ligadura das veias hepáticas quanto a mortalidade dos animais e alterações na histologia do fígado e baço. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 30 animais machos adultos da espécie Holtzman, distribuídos aleatoriamente, em dois grupos de 15 animais cada, assim designados: grupo 1 - ligadura das veias hepáticas; grupo 2 - ligadura das veias hepáticas associada à oxigenoterapia hiperbárica. Todos os animais foram submetidos à anestesia geral por meio de solução contendo cloridrato de cetamina (40 mg/ml) e cloridrato de meperidina (10 mg/ml) na dose de 50 mg/Kg/peso, laparotomia mediana e ligadura das veias hepáticas. A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica foi aplicada nos animais do grupo 2, a partir da oitava hora do pós-operatório, por 120 minutos, sendo 90 minutos sob pressão de 2,5 atmosferas e 15 minutos no início e final da terapêutica, para promover a compressão e descompressão gradativa no período de 20 dias consecutivos. No 21° dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram mortos por inalação de éter, submetidos à laparotomia e extirpação dos fígados e baços para exame histológico. Foi comparada a evolução dos animais dos dois grupos quanto à mortalidade e histologia do fígado e do baço, aplicando-se o teste exato de Fisher, considerando-se a diferença significante o valor de p

Se presenta un análisis comparativo de la cuenca transtensional de Santa Rosalía, asociada a la apertura del Golfo de California Mioceno-Reciente por un lado, y de la cuenca antigua, Jurásico-Cretácico de Mendibelza, formada en los Pirineos occidentales por la apertura del Golfo de Vizcaya. Este estudio es una contribución a la comprensión de la sedimentación y los controles de las cuencas transtensionales localizadas sobre márgenes divergentes oblicuos actuales no deformados, con el objeto de utilizar esos modelos y compararlos para interpretar mejor y comprender el funcionamiento de cuencas antiguas creadas en contextos geodinámicos similares, pero tectonizados. Los sedimentos de la cuenca de Santa Rosalía registraron las diferentes etapas de su evolución paralela a la formación del rift oblicuo del Golfo de California desde el Mioceno superior. Aplicando las nociones de la estratigrafía secuencial, encontramos 3 secuencias: la secuencia T1 (Mioceno superior-Plioceno inferior) que representa la fase syn-rift constituida de facies de abanico deltaico; la secuencia T2 (Plioceno inferior a medio) que representa la transición rifting-drifting, marcada por una ruptura brusca en la sedimentación y constituida por facies de abanico deltaico a plataforma; la secuencia T3 (Plioceno superior-Pleistoceno) interpretada como un cortejo de nivel alto del mar, que marca un segundo pulso en la subsidencia de la cuenca de Santa Rosalía y la apertura generalizada del Golfo de California. En el análisis de Mendibelza, reconstruimos la zona de sedimentación de la formación de Mendibelza, que está constituida por 3 secuencias: La secuencia inferior K1 (Albiense inferior) constituida de facies de frente deltaico a prodelta, depositadas durante la fase syn-rift; la secuencia K2 (Albiense medio), que en su conjunto reagrupa facies de pendiente y de abanico deltaico proximal; la secuencia K3 (Albiense superior) que es la respuesta a la fase de apertura generalizada rápida del Golfo de Vizcaya. El análisis comparativo muestra analogías en función de su cuadro geodinámico asociado a un limite de placas divergente oblicuo dextral para la cuenca de Santa Rosalía y de divergente oblicua sinestral para Mendibelza. La geometría de las cuencas transtensionales estudiadas está constituida por semigraben oblicuos, siguiendo un basculamiento en echelon. La sedimentación de las dos cuencas está constituida de facies de abanico deltaico, que registraron parte de la evolución del Golfo de Vizcaya (formación de Mendibelza) y del Golfo de California (Cuenca de Santa Rosalía) durante la fase syn-rift, y syn-rift tardío (transición rifting-drifting).