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Biochar amendment offers a chance for sustainable agriculture. However, the effectiveness of biochar relies on its physical and chemical properties, which are heavily affected by biochar production conditions and management practices. Therefore, substantial uncertainties regarding the use of biochar exist in agricultural systems globally. This study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the impacts of biochar characteristics and management practices on key ecosystem services by performing a second-order meta-analysis based on 34,628 paired observations in biochar-amended and unamended systems. Overall, biochar enhances phytotoxicity alleviation, physiology regulation, soil remediation and carbon sequestration, and microbial functional gene abundance. However, some prominent trade-offs exist between crop productivity and ecosystem service deliveries including for nutrient cycling, microbial function, climate change mitigation, and the soil microbial community. The adoption of low C:N biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures from sewage sludge-derived feedstock, in combination with a moderate application rate and inorganic fertilizer input, shows potential for achieving synergistic promotion of crop productivity and ecosystem services. These outcomes highlight the need for judicious implementation of biochar-based solutions to site-specific soil constraints. The quantified synergy and tradeoff relationships will aid the establishment of a sustainable biochar development framework that strengthens necessary ecosystem services commensurate with food security assurance.

Abstract The growth of plants hinges on a complex interplay of biochemical and physiological activities across various growth stages. These intricate processes dynamically adapt to different environmental conditions, shaping both plant development and productivity. This study explores the impact of greenhouse climate on the growth, yield, and biochemistry of winter-grown cherry tomatoes ‘Cheramy F1’. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) under split plot arrangements (3 Rows) with three replications (3 plants from each row) was adopted. The data were collected on various dates during the period extending from December to March of two consecutive growing seasons in 2022 and 2023, and presented as averages. An analysis of variance was applied to statistically analyze the collected data at a confidence level of p

Abstract Background The date of sowing is a non-monetary input factor that plays a crucial role in field crop management. Based on the sowing time, management practices of crop production affect crop growth, development, and yield. Under varied environmental conditions, this factor may be useful in addressing low yields and combating/escaping stresses either due to diseases or due to any unfavourable environment. Results A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 to study the accumulated growing degree days (GDD) and performance of six wheat cultivars (HS 562, HD 2967, HD 3086, HI 1544, MACS 6222 and WR 544) under four sowing dates (5th November, 25th November, 15th December and 5th January). The study revealed that 5th November is the best date for sowing resulting in higher pooled grain yield of 4.85 Mg ha−1 and 3.94 Mg ha−1 at Bajaura and Malan, respectively. Significant reductions in the grain yield and yield attributes were observed when the date of sowing was set beyond 5th November. Among the cultivars tested, HS 562 gave a significantly higher pooled grain yield of 4.46 and 3.75 Mg ha−1 at Bajaura and Malan, respectively. Pooled data on physiological maturity revealed that variety HS 562 took the highest calendar days (168 days) and GDD (1573.42 °C days) to attain physiological maturity at Bajaura while at Malan HI 1544 and HD 3086 took the highest calendar days (156 and 155 days, respectively) and GDD (2055.41 and 2051.81 °C days, respectively) to attain their physiological maturity. Conclusion From the study, it can be concluded that the early date of sowing provides the crop with ample duration to accumulate growing degree days resulting in a higher accumulation of photosynthates resulting in significantly higher yield attributes and grain yield. Therefore, 5th November is recommended as the best time for sowing of wheat crop whereas the sowing must not be delayed beyond 25th November. HS 562 was superior among the cultivars and is recommended for Malan and Bajaura regions for attaining higher yield.

This study aims to analyze the influence of women's leadership on banking productivity with artificial intelligence (AI) as a mediator. This study involved 90 employees of Bank SulSelBar Makassar, where the entire population was sampled (saturated sample). The method used is quantitative, using primary data collected through questionnaires. The data analysis technique used structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationship between variables with the help of SmartPLS software version 3.0. The study results indicate that women's leadership positively affects banking productivity and the implementation of AI. However, the implementation of AI itself does not affect banking productivity. AI cannot mediate the influence of women's leadership on banking productivity. This study advises banks to continue supporting inclusive women's leadership and adopt advanced technology to increase productivity. Theoretically, this study does not support the assumption that technology such as AI will automatically increase productivity without considering the context of leadership. The application of AI needs to be carried out optimally by considering the technology's suitability for banking needs.

Rainfed dry land for sago palms requires water and proper crop management to grow and produce well. The aim of this research is to create a scenario of sago plant management (the number of plants) in one clump based on the plant water need in the initial stage (seedling), middle stage (sapling), and the final stage of tree formation (mature plant). Prediction of crop water requirements using sago plant coefficient (Kc) in three growth phases and standard evapotranspiration (ETo). Crop coefficient various age compositions, namely the initial stage (0.62), the middle stage (0.77), and the final stage of tree formation (0.98). Standard evapotranspiration was determined using the Cropwat 8.0 application. Scenario analysis uses the Thornthwite-Mather water balance principle. The ideal scenario is indicated by the fulfillment of water needs throughout the year and the month of the surplus is more than the month of the deficit. The results showed that there were eight scenarios (two scenarios in IS, three scenarios in MS, and three scenarios in FS). Based on the results of the scenario, the number of plants in one clump for the early rainfed dryland allows more than two seedlings for the maximum number (2IS scenario), the middle stage contains one sapling plus two initial stages (1MS 1IS scenario), and the final stage of tree formation consists of from one mature plant and one middle stage (1FS 1MS scenario).

Increasing plant productivity to increase sugar production can be done by developing new superior varieties from crossing superior sugarcane clones. The research aimed to obtain clones from crossing with higher sugar yields than the female parents. The study was done at IP2TP Karangploso, Malang, Indonesia, from December 2020 to November 2022. As many as 24 clones from polycross and one female parent were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 2 replications. The results showed that 11 polycross clones (19/P3/2, 19/P3/4, 19/P3/7, 19/P3/10, 19/P3/13, 19/P3/16, 19/P3/17, 19/P3/20, 19/P3/28, 19/P3/32, and 19/P3/34) produced sugar 15.54-105.04% higher than the female parent (6.19 t/ha).

Does capital structure matter for farms productivity? Do bank loans increase or decrease farms efficiency? To address this question, I use farm-level data for 2014–2020 from Amur region, which is one of the most typical Russian regions in terms of agricultural development. I find some evidence of a negative correlation between financial leverage and total factor productivity in Amur Oblast farms. I also observe a negative correlation between financial leverage and partial productivity measures such as labor productivity, crop yield, and return on fixed assets. The negative relationship between enterprise productivity and the share of loans in liabilities can be explained, on the one hand, by the fact that bank loans are more often used by struggling, inefficient agricultural enterprises, i. e. adverse selection may take place. On the other hand, the negative relationship between firm productivity and bank credit may be due to the non-market nature of the credit they receive, with the government subsidizing the interest rate and/or guaranteeing the loan obligations. As a result, farms face soft budget constraints that reduce the incentives of owners and management to improve farm efficiency. The two proposed explanations (adverse selection and soft budget constraints) are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary

Relevance. The selection of genotypes with high adaptive properties for the conditions of the Tyumen region allows us to contribute to the development of a regional strategy for breeding and genetic work, selection and cultivation of varieties in connection with changing weather and climatic conditions.Material and methodology. The research was carried out over a three-year period (2020-2022) in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. Intervarietal hybridization (4x4 scheme), evaluation of the obtained material according to morphological (4 pcs.), biological (1 pc.), adaptive indicators (2 pcs.) was carried out using generally accepted methods. The objects of study were 12 combinations of fiber flax, first obtained in the region.Results. Significant differences (p

Relevance. The research is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the high-parent heterosis manifestation which connected with yield traits and the biochemical composition of tomato fruits.Materials and Methods. The work was carried out in 2021–2023 in open field conditions on the experimental plot of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy (Mogilev region, Belarus). The objects of research were 30 F1 hybrids and 11 parental forms with different levels of economically valuable traits and with the specific set of genes for pathogen resistance and lycopene accumulation. The aim of the research was to create high-yield heterotic F1 tomato hybrids, adapted to open field conditions in Belarus, with a valuable biochemical composition of fruits.Results. The best hybrid combinations showed an early yield of 0.90–2.49 kg/m2, a marketable yield of 7.50–11.40 kg/m2, and a total yield of 8.22–13.12 kg/m2. High heterosis effect was established for early (88.9–291.0%), marketable (36.0–111.2%), and total (28.6–97.8%) yield in some hybrids. Significant differences in the accumulation of dry matter, carotene, and soluble carbohydrates were ascertained between the hybrids. Hybrid combinations with the highest value of true heterosis on accumulation of dry matter (18.3–21.6%), carotene (20.2–22.9%), and soluble carbohydrates (15.7–38.9%) were identified. Inheritance of early, marketable and total yield, dry matter content, carotene and soluble carbohydrates predominantly took place according to the positive overdominance, fruit weight – according to the intermediate inheritance, vitamin C content – according to the negative overdominance. Hybrids Brusnichny F1, Mansiata F1, Rada F1 were transferred to the State Inspection for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Belarus and successfully passed the testing stage in 2023.

Abstract Heat stress adversely affects both the productivity and well-being of chickens. Probiotics offer beneficial impacts on the health and growth performance of broilers. The current study investigates the influence of administering of Bacillus (including B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans, and B. indicus) and Lactobacillus (consisting of L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and L. rhamnosus) probiotics via drinking water, either singular or combined, on various aspects including growth performance, oxidative stress markers, carcass characteristics, fecal microbial composition, intestinal structure, and intestinal pH in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. A total of 150 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups: (1) NC, negative control; (2) HS, birds exposed to chronic heat stress; (3) HSpBacil, exposed to chronic heat stress and received Bacillus probiotic; (4) HSpLAB, subjected to chronic heat stress and provided with Lactobacillus probiotic; (5) HSpMix, subjected to chronic heat stress and administered a combined probiotic from Bacillus and Lactobacillus. The HS group exhibited significantly reduced levels of growth performance, carcass traits, and notably affected oxidative stress indices, as well as intestinal pH and histomorphology in the birds. Additionally, the administered probiotics led to increased weight of lymphoid organs, enhanced body weight gain, and improved intestinal histomorphology. Furthermore, the probiotics decreased malondialdehyde and increased total antioxidant capacity in broilers. In conclusion, Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotics, as single or multi-species, particularly Lactobacillus and combined probiotic, demonstrated potential in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. They could serve as beneficial feed additives and growth enhancers.

The objectives of this research are: 1) Describe the Selambau used in the waters of Sapala Village, Paminggir District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan Province; 2) Analyze the composition and proportion and frequency of appearance of fish species caught in Selambau in the waters of Sapala Village, Paminggir District, North Hulu Sungai Regency, South Kalimantan Province, and; 3) Analyzing the productivity of Selambau fishing operated in the waters of Sapala Village, Paminggir District, North Hulu Sungai Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The research took place in Sapala Village, Paminggir District, North Hulu Sungai Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This research was carried out from March - October 2023. The research methods used were census, observation and interview methods. The fishing gear used in this research is Selambau (Filtering Device). Selambau is a passive fishing tool, the principle of catching is in the form of a trap, which makes it easier for fish to enter and makes it difficult for fish to get out of Selambau. The composition and proportion of Selambau catches were 10,833 Nilem fish (28.87%); 10,504 Siam Sepat fish (28%); 7,855 Lais fish (20.94%); 4,802 Betok fish (12,8%); 1,686 Hampala fish (4.49%); 727 Baung fish (1.94%); 596 Snakehead fish (1.59%) and 514 Tilapia fish (1.37%). Selambau productivity based on fishing gear location is dominated by Selambau C productivity of 12.093 kg/m3min, followed by the productivity value of Selambau A, namely 7.066 kg/m3min, the productivity value of Selambau B, namely 6.412 kg/m3min, the productivity value of Selambau D, namely 5.845 kg/m3min, the productivity of Selambau E, namely 5.831 kg/m3min, and Selambau F, namely 5.52 kg/m3min.

For effective breeding work, clear guidelines (the so-called variety model) are of great necessity. Winter common wheat breeding is no exception. There has been given characteristics of the optimal variety model for the Non-Blackearth region according to the data obtained in the laboratory for winter wheat breeding and primary seed production of the FSBSI “Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. There should have productivity of more than 10.0 t/ha, winter resistance of 90 % and higher, 310 days of vegetation period. The plant height of the variety model was 60–70 cm, lodging resistance was 5 points. The variety must have field resistance to leaf rust, powdery mildew, and leaf and ear blight. Yield structure elements were as follows: stem density was of 650–700 pieces per 1 m2, number of grains per ear was above 50 pieces, grain weight per ear was 2.0–2.5 g, 1000-grain weight was above 50 g. There was 15 % of protein and 30 % of gluten in grain. The purpose of the current work was to study the lines of winter wheat breeding according to a compliance degree with a given variety model according to the data of 2023. There was established that these lines had characteristics corresponding to the optimal variety model for the Non-Blackearth Region, individually or in combination. In terms of plant height, productivity, grain weight per ear, a number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, the frequency distribution of lines was normal. Correlation analysis has found out that a mean positive correlation was between grain weight per ear and a number of grains per ear (r = 0.56±0.05), and grain weight per ear and 1000-grain weight (r = 0.48±0.06). A mean negative correlation was found between a number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight (r = -0.44±0.06). Correlation between other studied indicators was weak or absent, which indicates the possibility of combining optimal productivity parameters in one genotype.

The current paper has presented the results of environmental testing of various winter common wheat varieties in 2018–2020 and given an estimation of their productivity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate winter common wheat varieties of different geographical origin according to a set of adaptability indicators in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region to use them as initial material for the development of new adapted and highly productive varieties. The material for the research was 16 winter common wheat varieties among which the varieties ‘Gubernator Dona’, ‘Bogema’, ‘Donmira’ and ‘Oktava 15’ developed by the FSBSI “Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center”; the varieties ‘Yuka’, ‘Grom’, ‘Vekha’, ‘Svarog’, ‘Akhmat’ and ‘Dolya’ developed by the FSBSI “National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko”; the varieties ‘Volny Don’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Etyud’ developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The standard was the variety ‘Lgovskaya 4’ developed by the Lgov experimental breeding station of the branch of the FSBSI “ARRISS named after A. L. Mazlumov”. The index of environmental conditions developed differently. There were unfavorable conditions for yield formation in 2019 (Ij = -1.01), and favorable ones in 2018 (Ij = 0.28) and 2020 (Ij = 0.74). According to the conducted study, the winter wheat varieties ‘Vekha’ and ‘Akhmat’ were of maximum experimental productivity with 7.49 and 7.67 t/ha, had high genetic flexibility (Ymin + Ymax)/2 = 7.54 and 7.97, and the indices of environmental adaptability IEA were 1.16 and 1.17. The variety ‘Donskaya Step’ is characterized by high yield stability (S2d = 0.003; Сv = 1.47 %; Hom = 418.89; PUSS = 613.0) and stress resistance (Ymin – Ymax = -0.22). It can be recommended to use the isolated genotypes in breeding for high productivity and adaptability of varieties.

The goal of the breeding program is to develop a variety with high productivity potential, capable of realizing this potential in a wide range of environmental conditions. The purpose of the work was to establish the features of the formation of the green forage crop, to estimate the adaptability of varieties and its individual parameters in the conditions of the steppe part of the Rostov region. The climate of the territory was arid, with uneven precipitation and frequent dry winds. The soil cover is represented by southern medium-deep clayey blackearth. The objects of the study were 6 winter varieties of feed triticale of the own breeding. The varieties were sown according to two forecrops, such as weedfree fallow to identify potential productivity opportunities, and millet to determine the capabilities of the variety in conditions close to production. There was found that the largest share of the effect on productivity range was of environmental conditions, 89.0 %, and only 4.6 % of the effect of the variety. The largest mean productivity over the years of study was formed by the variety ‘Styuard’ (90.1; maximum 104.5 t/ha) when laid in fallow, and the variety ‘Bemol 20’ (51.6; maximum 67.1 t/ha) when sown after millet. Green mass productivity is closely related to a number of stems per 1 m2 (r = 0.81). There was determined that during the studying period of green mass, stem stand per 1m2 ranged from 801 (‘Tornado’) to 954 pieces (‘Bemol 20’). By this period stem reduction of the varieties ‘Tornado’, ‘Styuard’, ‘Ariozo’ and ‘Bemol 20’ was 13–16 %, that of the varieties ‘Argo’ and ‘Agraf’ 26 % and 4 % respectively. The productivity range of the varieties when sown in fallow varied from 9.9 % (‘Ariozo’) to 19.5 % (‘Bemol 20’), it was twice as high when sown after millet, from 19.3 (‘Bemol 20’) to 30.3 % (‘Styuard’). Analysis of the adaptability parameters of the studied varieties allowed a comprehensive estimation of the adaptive properties of the varieties. Thus, the variety ‘Agraf’ had rank 1 in terms of stability (S2), ‘Styuard’ in terms of maximum productivity and genetic flexibility (GF), ‘Bemol 20’ in terms of average productivity in the entire set of environments, adaptation coefficient (AC). According to the sum of ranks of the main quantitative and qualitative indicators of adaptability, the variety ‘Argo’ was the best one (sum of ranks 20), with rank 1 for stress resistance (SR), homeostaticity (Hom), and breeding value of the genotype (Sc and GBVi).

The purpose of the current work was to evaluate new winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” according to the main economic and biological traits and properties. The competitive testing was carried out after two forecrops, such as maize for grain and sunflower. As initial forms when deve- loping new genotypes, there were taken the varieties of Zernograd breeding (‘Donskoy syurpriz’, ‘Rostovchanka 5’, ‘Spartak’,’ Don 107’) and of non-regional breeding (‘Zolushka’, ‘Sibirskaya niva’, ‘Irishka’) released in different years.The mean three-year productivity of new varieties (2021–2023) when sown after maize for grain varied from 7.77 t/ha (‘Volny Don’) to 8.32 t/ha (‘Flagman’), exceeding the standard variety ‘Don 107’ by 0.45–1.00 t/ha. When sown after sunflower it ranged from 6.64 t/ha (‘Volny Don’) to 6.82 t/ha (‘Donets’), with an increase relative to the standard variety from 0.45 to 0.63 t/ha. New winter common wheat genotypes produced higher yields relative to the standard variety due to various components of its elements. Maximum impact on productivity of the new winter common wheat varieties in 2021–2023 was made by 1000-grain weight (r = 0.54±0.37) and grain weight per ear (r = 0.77±0.26). New winter common wheat varieties had the same high and even higher frost resistance (72.2–84.5 %) as the highly frost- resistant standard variety ‘Don 107’ (74.1 %), short stemness (88.3–100 cm), lodging resistance (4.8–5.0 points). On an infectious background they were affected by brown rust and powdery mildew to a lesser extent compared to the standard variety ‘Don 107’. They formed good grain quality with protein (12.75–13.78 %), gluten (23.4–25.7 %), grain nature weight (787–812 g/l), hardiness (60–83 %).

The current paper has presented a comparative evaluation of productivity and grain quality of spring barley varieties in the Primorsky Territory. The study was conducted at the FSBSI "FRC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika” in the laboratory for breeding grain and groat crops in 2019–2022. The objects were 18 spring barley varieties of various origins, such as ‘Vostochny’, ‘Primorsky 89’, ‘Primorsky 98’, ‘Tikhookeansky’, ‘Primorets’, ‘Primorsky 100’ developed in the Primorsky Krai; ‘Melius’, ‘Kreshendo’, ‘Despina’, ‘Margaret’, ‘Laurite’, ‘Kal’kul’, ‘Greis’, ‘Charls’, ‘Salome’ developed in Germany; ‘Orlan’, ‘Medikum 157’ develop in the Samara region and ‘Bulat’ developed in the Stavropol region. Over the years of study, the studied varieties were characterized by a wide range of yield variability from 2.0 to 6.7 t/ha, with an average of 3.3–4.6 t/ha. According to the study results the variety ‘Greis’ was the best with maximum productivity (4.6 t/ha), high adaptability (bi = 1.0 and S2di = 0.0) and biochemical indicators of protein and starch percentage (7.3 % and 57.6 % respectively). In the monsoon climate of the Primorsky Krai, the varieties ‘Primorets’, ‘Laurite’, ‘Orlan’ are of great interest for breeding for environmental adaptability, characterized by stability and responsiveness to improving growing conditions. The spring barley varieties ‘Tikhookeansky’ and ‘Margaret’ are better to be grown on an extensive background (bi < 1.0), where the greatest feedback can be obtained from them with a minimum of costs. One of the important indicators of varieties’ adaptability is environmental sustainability (Umin–Umax). The smaller the gap between the maximum and minimum yields, the higher the stress resistance of the variety and the wider the range of its adaptive capabilities. A high level of stress resistance (-0.7) was identified in the variety ‘Primorsky 100’ (from the Primorsky Krai). The mean productivity of varieties under contrasting (stressful and non-stressful) conditions (U1+U2/2) means their genetic flexibility. The variety ‘Melius’ (from Germany) was found to have maximum ratio between the genotype and environmental factors (4.8), and the highest homeostatic index (Hom – 101).

The main sown areas in the Republic of Crimea are occupied by winter grain crops. The study conducted by Crimean scientists over many years and confirmed in production has shown that productivity of winter grain crops is unstable and varies significantly in years with different weather conditions. The difference in productivity is also found to depend on a variety. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the main elements of productivity and yield of new winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the contrasting weather conditions of the steppe Crimea. The current paper has summed up the results of the long-term study of winter common wheat cultivation and identified the varieties most adapted to dry conditions. The trials were carried out on the fields of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture in Crimea” after black fallow in the years of different weather conditions (2018–2023). The objects of research were 12 winter common wheat varieties from the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, the standard variety being ‘Ermak’. The registration area of the experimental plots was 25 m2 . The placement of plots was systematic and repeated four times. The wheat sowing rate was 5 million pcs. of germin. grains per hectare. The trials and statistical processing were performed according to the methods of B. A. Dospekhov and the State Variety Testing. The study of winter wheat varieties bred by the ARC “Donskoy” has shown their different responses to the contrasting weather conditions of Crimea from the early periods of plant growth and development up to the formation of basic productivity indicators. Under unfavorable conditions of 2020, the mean productivity of varieties was 3.90 t/ha; in 2019, 2022 and 2023 it exceeded 5.0 t/ha. The study has made it possible to identify varieties with maximum productivity, such as ‘Donskaya Step’ (5.38 t/ha) and ‘Razdolie’ (5.33 t/ha). The main component of the productivity of the variety ‘Donskaya Step’ was grain weight per ear, and that of variety ‘Razdolie’ was a productive stem.

Chlorophyll in a flag leaf is an important indicator of drought resistance of wheat. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll content may accelerate breeding for drought tolerance. The current paper has presented the analysis results of the state of the pigment complex of flag leaves of winter common wheat samples and their effect on productivity under various growing conditions. The trials were carried out in the laboratory for cell breeding in 2021–2023. There were studied 11 winter wheat samples, developed in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The purpose of the work was to identify the possibility of using indicators of photosynthetic pigments as traits responsible for drought resistance and high productivity. The study of the reaction of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants was carried out in the flowering phases and milk-ripe stages of grain. The quantitative content of chlorophyll pigment was determined by the I. G. Shmatko method (1976). Varieties’ testing for drought resistance on a growing plot was conducted according to the V. V. Maimistov method (1988). Having analyzed the ratio of chlorophyll content (a+b, a/b) and productivity under drought conditions in comparison with optimal conditions, there have been identified the varieties ‘Donchak’ (98.4, 84.0 and 81.4 %), ‘Razgulay’ (83.3, 80.8 and 70.9 %), ‘Flagman’ (87.9, 76.2 and 82.7 %) and the line ‘597/18’ (98.5, 87.6 and 75.2 %). The identified samples were characterized by high preservation of the total pigment in both phases with a slight productivity decrease. The lines ‘1762/17’ (43.3 and 79.2 %), ‘2060/17’ (71.1 and 79.2 %), ‘597/18’ (76.1 and 75.2 %) and ‘1724/18’ (75.0 and 79.7 %), which combined a minimal productivity and chlorophyll a/b ratio decrease, had a high adaptability under drought conditions.

There has been carried out an estimation of promising spring wheat lines of the species Triticum sphaerococcum (sphaerococcum wheat, T.sph) in a competitive variety testing in Tatarstan in 2022–2023, in comparison with the sphaerococcum wheat variety ‘Sakara’ and the common wheat variety ‘Yoldyz’ (standard of the State Variety Commission). Productivity of the promising lines was inferior to the standard spring common wheat variety ‘Yoldyz’ by 23–31 %. The productivity of these lines in 2022 did not differ significantly from the sphaerococcum wheat variety ‘Sakara’ and amounted to 3.27...3.89 t/ha. In 2023, productivity of the lines ‘Sh-359-11-8-2’ and ‘Sh-15-15-28’ was significantly higher compared to the variety ‘Sakara’ by 0.56 t/ha and by 0.31 t/ha, respectively. The developed lines T.sph have a high protein and gluten percentage in grain. The protein percentage in grain averaged from 16.2 % for the line ‘Sh-15-15-13’ to 19.2 % for the line ‘Sh-15-15-12’, gluten percentage in grain ranged from 30.2 % for the line ‘Sh-15-15-13’ to 33.5 % for the line ‘Sh-15-15-28’, which corresponds to the standards of “strong wheat”. The lines T.sph have a large grain size of 805–813 g/l, which is significantly higher than that of the variety ‘Sakara’. The line ‘Sh-359-11-8-2’ has 1000-grain weight of 35.8 g, at the level of the common wheat variety ‘Yoldyz’, other lines are inferior in 1000-grain weight to the variety ‘Yoldyz’ by 3.7...11.6 g. The line ‘Sh-15-15-28’ has the maximum grain uniformity of 95.9 %, which is significantly higher than that of the varieties ‘Yoldyz’ and ‘Sakara’ by 10.4 and 12.6 %, respectively. The lines T.sph differ significantly according to the rheological properties of the dough. The flour strength varied from 95 u.a. of the line ‘Sh-15-15-12’ to 300 u.a. of the line ‘Sh-359-11-8-2’, the degree of dough dilution was from 26 u.f. of the line ‘Sh-359-11-8-2’ to 113 u.f. of the line ‘Sh-15-15-13’. According to protein and gluten percentage, dough dilution and resilience, and P/L ratio, the line ‘Sh-359-11-8-2’ meets the classification standards of “excellent improver.” The general baking assessment for the lines T.sph was 4.25–4.74 points, and the baked bread was of good quality.

The current paper has presented a detailed analysis of the production of winter barley over a long period, taking into account their sown areas, gross yields and productivity in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation and the Rostov region. The purpose of the study was to estimate the production and monitor the varietal composition of sown winter barley seeds in the Rostov region. In the region, the sown area occupied by winter barley annually amounts to more than 41.1 thousand hectares with a mean yield of 3.9 t/ha. An analysis of the sown winter barley varieties in the Rostov region was carried out according to the year they were included in the State List of the Russian Federation. As a result of study, there was found that there were 6–9 barley varieties included in the State List in the period up to 4 years; 4 ones in the period of 5–8 years; 5–6 ones in the period of 9–12 years; 4–6 ones in the period of more than 12 years. There was established that the largest area under winter barley was occupied by the varieties of local breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” (49.5–58.5 %), about 16.0–25.1 % of the area was occupied by the varieties of the Krasnodar breeding of the FSBSI “NGC named after P.P. Lukyanenko”. There was found out that the most popular varieties in the Rostov region over the past three years were the varieties ‘Erema’ (18.4–18.4 %), ‘Timofey’ (12.5–13.3 %), ‘Vivat’ (11.9–12.7 %), ‘Marusya’ (5.7–12.6 %), ‘Foks 1’ (1.9–3.6 %), ‘Karrera’ (8.7–13.2 %), ‘Iosif’ (7.4–10.2 %), ‘Dobrynya 3’ (1.8–2.9 %), ‘Samson’ (0.6–3.4 %), ‘Luran’ (0.8–4.5 %) and ‘Dostoiny’ (2.6–8.5 %). Thus, to improve the production of winter barley grain in the Rostov region, it is necessary to cultivate varieties that are most adapted to local conditions, have high productivity and grain quality, and are included in the State List for the North Caucasus region.

Today, the construction industry in many countries is experiencing a complex impact of global trends (large and multicultural workforce, digitalisation, economic and geopolitical instability, etc). The aim of the study is to determine the influence of socio-psychological specifics of interaction between construction project team members, their cultural and subcultural differences on work quality today and in the future. A thorough analysis of literary sources was carried out. We used diagnostic tools and models of team role composition (by M. Belbin), organisational culture (by C. Quinn and R. Cameron), intergroup adaptation (A. Bulgakov) through the study of its emotional component. The strengths of project teams in construction and the reserves for improving the quality of their work are established, their subcultural and role characteristics are presented. The obtained results have practical significance for managing multicultural teams of construction projects and improving the quality of their work in the future (forecasts by K. Schwab, Global Trends-2040).

In a specific area, fertilizer application for a crop depends on the soil type and profitability. Optimizing chemical fertilizer utilization in crop production is crucial from an environmental and economic point of view. However, there is limited information available on the optimum NPSB fertilizer rate for the production of wheat and barley in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to establish area-specific NPSB (18.9% N, 16.44% P, 6.95% S, and 0.1% B) blended fertilizer rate recommendations for the optimal grain yield and profitability of wheat and barley. The field experiment was conducted in two locations in the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The nine treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rates. Growth, yield, and yield component data in wheat and barley were collected from randomly selected individual plants and the net plot area. An economic analysis was conducted for grain yield using the procedure established by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly (p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits. The application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB rate produced the highest grain yield (5419.0 kg ha−1) in wheat, whereas the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield (4708.0 kg ha−1) in food barley. The economic analysis revealed that the application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha−1) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%), while the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha−1) and MRR (2195.39%). Therefore, to optimize the productivity and profitability of wheat and barley in the study area and similar agroecologies, farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley.

Abstract The association of health-related productivity loss (HRPL) with social isolation and depressive symptoms is not well studied. We aimed to examine the association of social isolation and depressive symptoms with productivity loss. Data on employed adults aged 21 years and above were derived from the Population Health Index (PHI) study conducted by the National Healthcare Group (NHG) on community-dwelling adults, residing in the Central and Northern residential areas of Singapore. The severity of depressive symptoms and social isolation were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) respectively. Productivity loss was assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). We used Generalised Linear Models, with family gamma, log link for the analysis. Models were adjusted for socio-demographic variables (including age, gender, ethnicity, employment status, housing type) and self-reported chronic conditions (including the presence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). There were 2,605 working (2,143 full-time) adults in this study. The median reported percentage of unadjusted productivity loss was 0.0%, 10.0% and 20.0% for participants with social isolation, depressive symptoms, and both, respectively. In the regression analysis, mean productivity loss scores were 2.81 times (95% Confidence Interval: 2.12, 3.72) higher in participants with depressive symptoms than those without. On the other hand, social isolation was not found to be associated with productivity loss scores (1.17, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.96, 1.42). The interaction term of depressive symptoms with social isolation was statistically significant, with an effect size of 1.89 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.04, 3.44). It appeared that productivity loss was amplified when social isolation and depressive symptoms were concomitant. Our results suggested significant associations of social isolation and depressive symptoms with productivity loss. These findings highlighted the potential impact of social isolation and depressive symptoms on work performance and drew attention to the importance of having a holistic work support system that promotes social connectedness, mental wellbeing and work productivity.

This paper investigates the essential components required to establish a work environment that is safe, motivating, and goal-oriented, and that promotes employee productivity, well-being, and engagement. It pinpoints the primary factors that contribute to the creation of such an environment, such as the availability of mental health resources, the flexibility of work arrangements, and the straightforward communication of job security and prospects. The study underscores the significance of a workplace culture that is equitable and respectful, actively combats bias, harassment, and discrimination, and promotes creativity and innovation through inclusivity. The significance of management is underscored, emphasising the necessity of communicative, supportive leadership that offers consistent positive feedback, career development opportunities, and empowers employees with autonomy in their positions. The research also investigates the influence of constructive coworker relationships, diverse and challenging tasks, and manageable burdens on the prevention of burnout and the maintenance of motivation. Lastly, the paper explores the ways in which long-term employee satisfaction and organisational success are influenced by continuous training and career advancement opportunities. According to the results, a supportive, well-rounded work environment not only improves individual well-being but also results in enhanced organisational outcomes, such as increased productivity, reduced turnover, and a stronger corporate reputation.

The aim of this study is to see how competence and organizational commitment affect employee productivity. We used the inferential verification technique, which is a strategy employed by researchers to assess the validity of presented hypotheses by gathering actual data from the field of Indonesia's industries. A total of 300 personnel from Indonesia's cable and electrical industries were purposefully chosen as responders. We used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis, aided by the LISREL 8.80 software, to test the hypotheses. The study's findings are as follows: (1) there is a positive and significant influence of competence (= 0.30) on the work productivity of employees; (2) there is a positive and insignificant influence of organizational commitment (= 0.09) on the work productivity of employees; and (3) there is a positive and significant influence of organizational commitment (= 0.50) on the work productivity of employees Indonesia's industries, (4) Organizational commitment has a mediating function in the effect of competence (t = 4.15) on job productivity of employees in Indonesia's industries. A limitation of this study is that the survey only focused on Indonesia's cable and electricity industry plants and the tactical level management of an organization. The study's findings contribute to boosting organizational commitment and job competence that can boost employee productivity in Indonesia's industries. Due to its relatively rapid economic development, Indonesia is extremely appealing to international investors, particularly in the industrial sector. However, Indonesia must boost its manufacturing sector in order to attract more foreign investors. Also, this study is an empirical investigation, and its results can be generalized to similar industrial establishments.

Alessandro Fiocchi,1 R Sharon Chinthrajah,2 Ignacio J Ansotegui,3 Panida Sriaroon,4 S Shahzad Mustafa,5 Pranil Raut,6 Briana Cameron,6 Sachin Gupta,1 David M Fleischer7 1Bambino Gesù Childrens’ Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 3Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain; 4University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 5Rochester Regional Health & University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; 6Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA; 7Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USACorrespondence: David M Fleischer, Section Head, Allergy & Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B518, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA, Tel +1-720-777-4393, Email David.Fleischer@childrenscolorado.orgBackground: The intrinsic link between food allergy and asthma is well-established, and comorbidity can exacerbate both conditions. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, has the biological plausibility to manage both conditions, but only a few small studies have assessed omalizumab in patients with comorbid asthma and food allergy.Patients and Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (IA05 in children and 008/009 in adolescents/adults) and real-world observational studies (EXCELS and PROSPERO). For each study, patients with asthma were stratified by whether they had physician-reported food allergy, as per baseline characteristics data.Results: For patients with comorbid food allergy, there was evidence for increased atopy at baseline (numerically higher total IgE levels and atopic comorbidities). The collective body of evidence found that omalizumab consistently improved general and asthma-specific patient-centered outcomes (food allergy-specific outcomes were not available). For patients with asthma, omalizumab improved healthcare resource use (emergency room visits, hospitalizations, unscheduled doctor visits), quality of life (asthma-specific Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), productivity (missed work/school days and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Asthma), and asthma outcomes (asthma exacerbations and Asthma Control Test score) regardless of comorbid food allergy.Conclusion: There was no loss of omalizumab efficacy even though patients with both asthma and food allergy appeared to be generally more atopic. Omalizumab may be a viable management option for patients with these comorbidities.Clinical trial registration: NCT00079937; NCT01922037; NCT00252135.Plain Language Summary: Food allergy and asthma are linked and if you have both conditions then you can feel worse. There is a treatment available, called omalizumab, that helps people with asthma and helps people with food allergy, but it’s not clear if it can help people with both conditions. Here, we look at whether omalizumab can help people with bad to very bad asthma (also called moderate to severe asthma) who also have food allergy. We found that omalizumab improved many aspects of a person’s life, including whether they visited the emergency room, were admitted to hospital, their quality of life, whether they missed school or work, and whether their asthma improved. These improvements occurred in all people with moderate to severe asthma, whether they had food allergy or did not have food allergy. This suggests that omalizumab can help people with both conditions.Keywords: asthma, food allergy, food hypersensitivity, healthcare resource use, omalizumab, productivity, quality of life

Abstract Purpose Minimizing delays in delivering nursing care is paramount for enhancing the overall quality of care. Certain bottleneck variables restrict the workflow of nurses, resulting in extended shift times. This study is designed to pinpoint and analyze the principal factors contributing to bottleneck issues in nursing workflow, to direct improvement endeavors. This study seeks to provide insights into the key variables contributing to nurses’ extended shift times, with the ultimate goal of prioritizing efforts for improvement. Methods A descriptive multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. A scale was developed for this study by the authors after conducting a literature review, subsequently validated, and its reliability was assessed. Results Among the 31 bottleneck variables, 29 were retained under three persistent bottleneck factors: (1) Nurse staffing— This pertains to the availability of sufficient nursing staff at all times across the continuum of care; (2) Working environment and quality of care—This refers to the availability of necessary skills and resources for nurses to perform their duties effectively and; (3) Medical devices— This factor concerns the availability of fully functional medical devices required for providing care. Conclusion Efforts aimed at enhancing the overall healthcare system should concentrate on addressing persistent bottleneck factors. This may involve the implementation of a healthcare workforce management system, the establishment of standards for a conducive and supportive working environment, and the utilization of a standardized system for the management of medical equipment. The outcomes of this study can be utilized by nurses and policymakers to devise comprehensive strategies for improvement.

In the second, third and fifth years after implemented dredging and bottom sediments removal (August 2020, 2021 and 2023), species diversity of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, type and degree of lake Manzherokskoye overgrowth, productivity of dominant species were studied, and the indices of species diversity and saprobity were calculated. Based on literature data, the long-term (almost for 60 years) dynamics of vegetation cover and the features of lake overgrowth were defined. Particular attention was paid to studying water chestnut (Trapa natans), a species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Altai. In the fifth year after dredging, a partial restoration of macrophytes diversity was noted. Further clearing of the lake’s bottom and its shores in 2023 caused the destruction of the floating mats complex and the reduction in the number of floating mats-forming species. In 2023, water chestnut dominated in terms of overgrowth area and price-formation. A massive appearance of polymorphic multi-leaf forms of water chestnut, forming rosettes with 40 or more leaves, occurred. Analysis of the water chestnut population dynamics for a long period (including one after dredging) showed the high potential for self-recovery of this species. In the case of implementation of special measures on mitigation of recreational load impact on the areas of Trapa natans distribution, in the next 5 years the return of the lake importance as its main habitat, and, consequently, the preservation of the natural monument “Lake Manzherokskoye” is expected.

This article covers issues related to conducting functional analysis, which aims to derive given trends and processes in regional development. The aim of the article is to characterize the main elements selected platform supporting the implementation of professional functional solutions in regional development and the experience of evaluation a its development. The approach requires in the field of regional development to approach in an integrated way or with a variety of methods of space and territory assessment. Thus, the model of functionality and usability is imposed in regional development. The stated objective is used to implement the method of analysis and critique of the literature on the subject, the method of observation and individual case methods. The main result of the work done is a detailed presentation of the chosen platform to create a detailing of the results of functional processes in regional development

Agroecological testing of soybean varieties of domestic and foreign selection was carried out during 2020-2022 on the experimental field Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS, which is located in the zone of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The subject of research was domestic soybean varieties (Diadema Podillia, Tytan, Kobuko, Monada, Triada (Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS); Vorskla, Lehenda (National Research Center «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences») and foreign (Merlin, Kardiff, Kent, Padua (SAATBAU LINZ eGen); Kioto, Kordoba, Briunensis (Semences Prograin Ink.); Senator, Alihator (Euralis Semences); Sultana (RAGT Semences) selection. All soybean varieties studied during 2020‒2022 were entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine. The maximum seed yield in the zone of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine was recorded in the following varieties: Triada (3.41 t/ha), Kioto (3.29 t/ha), Alihator (3.25 t/ha), Kobuko (3.19 t/ha), Monada (3.15 t/ha), Kardiff (3.06 t/ha) and Tytan (3.05 t/ha). According to the results of the analysis of the mass of 1000 seeds, its highest indicators were noted in soybean varieties: Tytan – 194 g, Alihator – 192 g, Kent –193 g, Sultana – 200 g. According to the results of the biochemical analysis of soybean seeds, it was found that most of the studied varieties provided the content crude protein is more than 40%, while the Merlin, Alihator, Triada, Cardiff and Kent varieties had a crude protein content of 37.1-39.1%. The obtained results of the content of amino acids in soybean seeds show more noticeable indicators in the Tytan soybean variety. Thus, on the basis of a comprehensive approach to soybean productivity indicators, such varieties of domestic selection as Tytan and Kobuko, foreign selection of Kioto are recommended for agricultural production in the areas of seed production, animal feed and raw material in the selection process.

ABSTRACTStrawberry growers across the United States are looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional pesticides for management of soil-borne or crown-rot causing pathogens, such as plant-extracts like thyme oil. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of soil-applied thyme oil fungicides on strawberry plant health, yield, sweetness, and foliar disease, and on the assemblage of soil microbial communities in strawberry plasticulture systems. In 2021 and 2022 the interaction of three soil-applied fungicides and three foliar fungicide programs were explored. Thyme oil was not found to improve strawberry plant growth or yield when compared to strawberries in the control. However, plants treated with mefenoxam exhibited an average winter crown weight of 2.11 g, significantly lower than control and thyme oil treatments at 3.14 g and 3.16 g, respectively. This translated into a significant yield loss where mefenoxam treated plants exhibited lowered yields at 416.04 g of fruit per plant compared to 523.57 g and 521.53 g per plant in the control and thyme oil treatments, respectively. A high incidence of foliar and fruit diseases was present; however, no interaction of soil and foliar fungicide treatments were observed for yield or fruit sweetness. Minimal root protection from pathogens was observed for all treatments and Fusarium, Pythium and Phytophthora fungi were regularly observed. Mefenoxam was observed to increase the recovery of oomycetes, which may cause Pythium and Phytophthora. No benefit from thyme oil was observed at our site and its addition as a soil fungicide would likely not benefit most growers.

Animal scientists actively seek strategies for ensuring the sustainable viability of animal ecosystems, with a focus on exploring alternative feed raw materials to reduce reliance on traditional ones. So, this study aims to analyse the impact of river-sourced Cladophora glomerata macroalgal biomass on the growth, slaughter performance, and physiological development of rabbits. Thirty weaned (52 days of age) Californian rabbits were assigned to three dietary treatments: standard compound diet (SCD), SCD enriched with 4% C. glomerata (CG4), and SCD enriched with 8% C. glomerata (CG8). Growth performance was recorded throughout the feeding trial, and at its conclusion (122 days of age), rabbits were euthanized, slaughtered, and subjected to intestinal analysis. Incorporation of CG diets showed no significant impact on body weight or average daily gain (p > 0.05); however, CG8 significantly lowered daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p

Research aimed at increasing the production and productivity of various Local Sumatran red chili varieties under limited soil water availability using humic acid was carried out from May to October 2022, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University (35 m above sea level). The research used a Randomized Block Design with a factorial pattern and three replications. The first factor is the dose of humic acid: 0 kgha-1; 5 kgha-1; and 10 kgha-1, and the second factor is Local Sumatran red chili varieties: Vitra; Loker Telun Berasap; and Awe Aceh. The research results showed that various red chili varieties gave the same response to the application of humic acid under limited soil water availability of 75% FC. Humic acid can increase the growth and yield of red chilies, and a dose of 10 kgha-1 provides the best growth and yields for red chilies. The Loker variety provides better plant height, number of branches, crown diameter, and fruit number than other varieties, but produces the lowest fruit weight. Meanwhile, the Vitra and Awe varieties, although their growth is relatively not as good as Loker, are capable of producing high fruit weights. The Loker variety, which is a red chili variety from the Kerinci highlands, has not been able to adapt well to the lowlands of Jambi. One effort to increase the ability of the Loker variety to produce better quality fruit is to combine humic acid with liquid fertilizer during fruit enlargement.

Introduction. Hydro-jet technology is an innovative approach to using high pressure water for a variety of purposes. The technology has found a wide application in various industries, including construction, industry, agriculture and surface cleaning. The basic idea of water jetting systems is to use water as a powerful tool to destroy, clean and cut various materials. The paper discusses the constructing of the high-pressure hydro-puller device for hydro-jet technologies.Materials and methods. An analysis of the methods by hydro-jet technologies classification was made. The general structure and the constituent elements of this scheme is shown. Generalizing elements are identified and a characteristic layout diagram for use in all technological methods of hydro-jet methods is described, and the structural elements that are the main components and units of these technologies are described.Results. The scheme of energy flow on the main nodes of the traditional layout scheme of units for hydro-jet technologies is developed. The energy losses formed in the process of operation are estimated, the element of the hydrojet plant with the largest losses is determined, the peculiarities of its functioning and operation are analysed. The design methodologies, taking into account the identified problems and features, for high-pressure transmitting devices are given.Discussion and conclusions. The most efficient operation of ultra-high pressure transmitting devices for hydro-jet technologies is possible only taking into account their thermal state, characterized by a description of their thermal balance, which can only be ensured through the development of a number of techniques proposed for use in the design of such devices.

With the increasing uncertainty of the external environment, the capabilities of companies become the driving force behind their operations and development, making the management of these capabilities an important task for management. The aim of the research is to develop a toolkit for measuring a company’s capabilities, assessing their condition, and evaluating their impact on productivity. The author’s concept is presented, according to which the final results of the company’s activity are formed through the mechanism of interaction of the company’s organizational capability with acquired resources, the formation of resource capabilities (production, financial, labor, and market) and their transformation into tangible and intangible products. Based on this model, methodological guidelines have been developed for measuring the capabilities of organizations and assessing their impact on the final results, a value-functional approach to selecting appropriate indicators, and analytical tools. The following methods have been substantiated: modeling, the indicator method, data convolution, scaling, and statistical methods. To measure capabilities, it is proposed to use indicators aggregated into composite indices through a developed algorithm. The use of sales growth rate, market capitalization, profit before taxes, and net cash flow as the final results of the company (productivity indicators) has been justified. To solve analytical tasks at different levels of management, combinations of methods, tools and indicators called “research formats” (detailed, diagnostic, express diagnostic analysis) were developed. The results of the empirical testing of the author’s research are presented: through detailed analysis, the validity of the proposed approach and tools has been established, and through diagnostic analysis, the stability of the selected indicators and constructed mathematical models beyond the observation period was identified. The result is a toolkit for researching crucial company’s capabilities, enabling management to analyze and monitor these capabilities, assess their productivity, make forecasts of productivity indicators, and develop a system for managing the organization’s capabilities.

Purpose: to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar application of drugs on the productivity and quality of the resulting soybean grain at various water availability under irrigation. The use of a biological preparation as an, inoculant which contributed to the growth of the necessary nodule bacteria on the root system of a given crop and, as a result, carried out the symbiosis of a legume plant, for the assimilation of nitrogen from the air and its conversion into a mineral compound in the soil. Materials and methods. Studies of this technique were conducted on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region with a medium-ripened variety of own selection Volgogradka 2, bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. The laying of experiments and related observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods for two years 2022–2023 on the lands of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture (experimental station “Irrigated”, Vodny settlement, Volgograd). Results. The obtained data prove the advantage of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds under different water regimes of this crop. At the same time, the increase in the yield of soybean grain, depending on such pre-sowing treatment, exceeded the control option by 0.40 t/ha under the water regime of 70-80-70 % the lowest moisture capacity and 0.54 t/ha not lower than 80% the lowest moisture capacity. Conclusions. In the conducted studies, the best option proved to be the option with a pre-watering soil moisture threshold of 80% the lowest moisture capacity in moisture layers of 0.4 and 0.6 m and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds in combination with leaf spraying with preparations of various origins, which contributed to a maximum yield of 3.91 t/ha and a profitability level of 242.10 %.

In order to restore heavily degraded unproductive natural fodder lands, increase fodder value, create perennial cultivated pastures and hayfields, prevent soil erosion in arid regions of Russia, it is necessary to study the adaptive potential of various species and varieties of alfalfa and use highly nutritious, high-yielding, drought-resistant, hardy varieties for reclamation that are able to grow in extreme conditions. The aim of the work was to conduct an adaptation assessment and selection of alfalfa varieties and species for use in the restoration of arid degraded pasture ecosystems in the semi-desert zone of southern Russia. In one-factor field experiment conducted in 20202021, 44 alfalfa varieties from the collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were studied. The eperiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of Ivanov A.I. et al., 1985; Dospekhov B.A., 1985; Gringof I.G., Lynov Y.S., 1991; Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2015. According to the results of the second year of competitive testing, 29 accessions of alfalfa which exceeded standard indicators for productivity of green mass and seeds were selected for further study. Only 6 accessions were identified as the best in green mass yield compared to the standard (hybrid alfalfa Pestraya 57, Priuralskaya, Kizlyarskaya; alfalfa Karakalpakskaya 37, Karakalpakskaya 15, Mex-Son). 19accessions exceeded seed productivity of the standard by 9.0154.9 g/m2, and 9 accessions had significantly higher indicators (alfalfa Kust, King, Zia, Karakalpakskaya 37, Irtyshskaya; hybrid alfalfa Karagandinskaya 1, Kizlyarskaya, Kizlyarskaya sinegibridnaya, Flora 2). Two accessionshybrid alfalfa Kizlyarskaya and alfalfa Karakalpakskaya 37significantly exceeded standard indicators (green mass and seed). In the future, we plan to continue studying the two accessions for use in breeding.

Boron (B) is an essential micro nutrient that is needed by oil palms, especially to control productivity. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal dose of B for mature oil palms. The research was conducted at a smallholder oil palm plantation located in Katingan Region, Central Kalimantan Province from January to December 2022. The field experiment was a single factor arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The factor tested was the dose of B fertilization, consisting of five doses, namely 0 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹ (control); 25 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; 50 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; 75 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; and 100 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹. Observations were done on several variables of micro-weather characteristics at the research site, nutrient and physiological characteristics of leaf, morphological characters and plant growth, and yield and yield components of oil palms. The data obtained were then analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) α=5 %, and data showing significant differences between treatments were tested with an orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that B had positive effects on leaf B, P and K concentration and absorption, leaf chlorophyll content, number of midribs, plant height, leaf area per trunk, leaf area index, crop dry weight, pollen fertility, fruit set, pollen viability, fresh fruit bunch weight (FFB) and FFB productivity. The optimal dose of B to optimize oil palms productivity was 60.24 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹ with a maximum value of FFB productivity of 6.94 tons. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹.

A deep understanding of the dynamics between performance pressures and ethical leadership becomes crucial in an era of stressful economic recovery. This research explores the complex relationship between organizational performance pressures and ethical leadership, focusing on how these pressures impact ethical decision-making and the challenges of maintaining ethical integrity in demanding environments. Employing a convenience sampling method and the rank-type Delphi method, the study engaged 40 experts from both academic and practical fields to identify and rank key performance pressures that compromise ethical leadership. Significant pressures identified include the imperative to generate positive financial reports, achieve greater efficiency, withstand competitive pressures, and pursue aggressive growth strategies, all eroding ethical leadership. These pressures lead to unethical practices, such as falsifying financial reports, exploiting working conditions, unfair competition, and aggressive merger and acquisition tactics. The findings underscore the critical need for leaders to recognize and manage these pressures effectively to foster an environment conducive to ethical leadership. This study contributes valuable insights into the mechanisms by which performance pressures undermine ethical leadership and highlights the importance of cultivating a culture that promotes normative behavior and addresses ethical challenges, thereby enriching the existing body of knowledge on organizational ethics and leadership.

Employee performance is crucial for organizational success, significantly influencing productivity, innovation, customer satisfaction, organizational culture, and financial outcomes (Armstrong, 2020). High-performing employees boost productivity, optimize resources, and foster a culture of creativity and continuous improvement, leading to business growth and adaptability. Enhanced employee performance also improves customer satisfaction, promoting repeat business and a strong organizational reputation (Harter et al., 2002). This paper examines how social factors within an organization impact employee performance through the lens of Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Social Identity Theory (SIT). SET emphasizes reciprocal relationships and mutual benefits, enhancing performance through perceived support, trust, and fairness. SIT focuses on group identity and belonging, where strong identification with a group fosters team cohesion and organizational pride. This study's comparative analysis highlights the strengths and applications of both theories, providing actionable insights for managers to improve employee performance by fostering reciprocal relationships, building a strong organizational identity, and developing supportive leadership styles. Ultimately, understanding and leveraging social factors can create a more supportive and productive work environment, ensuring sustained organizational success.

Abstract Background Controlling smartphone addiction and procrastination among nurses is crucial for enhancing the productivity of both nursing and the healthcare system. Critical care nurses are highly vulnerable to smartphone addiction and procrastination behaviors than other groups. They may purposefully delay their tasks, a practice known as active procrastination, or inadvertently delay them, a practice known as passive procrastination. Aim This study was designed to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and procrastination behavior among nurses, examine the effect of smartphone addiction on the active and passive procrastination behaviors, and explore the correlation between active and passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Method This is a descriptive correlational exploratory study that was conducted at 23 critical care units of one large educational hospital in Egypt. Data were collected from 360 nurses who were conveniently selected using three tools: the Smartphone Addiction Inventory, the New Active Procrastination Scale, and the Unintentional Procrastination Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothetical relationship among the study variables. Results This study revealed that 55.0%, 80.0%, and 45.3% of nurses had a moderate perceived level of smartphone addiction, active procrastination behavior, and passive procrastination behavior, respectively. There is a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both nurses’ active and passive procrastination behaviors. Smartphone addiction accounts for 25% of the variance in nurses’ active procrastination behavior and 18% of the variance in their passive procrastination. Furthermore, there is a moderately significant negative correlation between nurses’ active procrastination behavior and their passive procrastination behavior. Conclusion Nurses are exhibiting moderate levels of smartphone addiction and procrastination, which is a significant threat to the healthcare industry and nursing productivity. This requires technological, educational, and organizational interventions that foster active procrastination and combat passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Implications Continuous training programs are required to enhance time management skills among nurses and increase the awareness of nurse managers with the symptoms of smartphone addiction among nurses. Nurse leaders should early detect and address the addictive use of smartphones among nurses, identify potential procrastinators, and provide counseling to eradicate these behaviors in the workplace.

Abstract The present investigation reported that FYM application in different seasons influenced root, shoot, and seedling length, straw K, vigour index-I, nutrient uptake, grain, and stover yield of pearl millet significantly (P kharif > rabi. Applying FYM in both seasons resulted in higher N, P, and K content in pearl millet grain (1.99%, 0.17%, and 0.37%, respectively) followed by kharif season application (1.93, 0.16, and 0.35%, respectively). Applying 15 t FYM ha−1 significantly increased the grain N (13.19%), P (63.16%), K (22.29%), protein (13.56%), stover N (32.76%), P (46.66%) and root length (29.83%) over FYM0. After 50 cropping cycles, continuous application of FYM15, FYM10, and FYM5 significantly improved vigour index-I by 52.85, 39.26, and 23.63% over no FYM, respectively. Applying 120 kg N ha−1 significantly increased N (6.38%), P (15.89%), and protein (6.03%) content, germination (5.91%), and vigour indexes (24.52 to 30.91%) of pearl millet grain over no fertilizer N. The treatment FYM15 × N120 increased the seedling length of pearl millet by 30.54 over N120 and 11.08% over FYM15 alone, respectively. Adding FYM either during both seasons or in the kharif season along with fertilizer N proved superior in improving the quality and yield of pearl millet.

Abstract This paper seeks to draw a research agenda for unveiling the underlying bottlenecks and possibilities for improving the agricultural total factor productivity in the European Union (EU). To this aim, the paper first surveys the key challenges for the modern agricultural economy. Then, the case of the EU is discussed by looking at the convergence in the partial productivity indicators (including the GHG emission) and growth efficiency that relate to the gap in the total factor productivity growth. The results suggest that the EU member states exhibited growth inefficiency (i.e., a gap in the total factor productivity growth) of 5–9% on average during 2004–2021. The paper also discusses the possibilities to utilize the production theory for assessing the pathways towards improvements in the productivity and sustainability of the EU agriculture.

Abstract The mass production of high-quality graphene is required for industrial application as a future electronic material. However, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems previously studied for graphene production face bottlenecks in terms of quality, speed, and reproducibility. Herein, we report a novel conveyor CVD system that enables rapid graphene synthesis using liquid precursors. Pristine and nitrogen-doped graphene samples of a size comparable to a smartphone (15 cm × 5 cm) are successfully synthesized at temperatures of 900, 950, and 1000 °C using butane and pyridine, respectively. Raman spectroscopy allows optimization of the rapid-synthesis conditions to achieve uniformity and high quality. By conducting compositional analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrical characterization, it is confirmed that graphene synthesis and nitrogen doping degree can be adjusted by varying the synthesis conditions. Testing the corresponding graphene samples as gas-sensor channels for NH3 and NO2 and evaluating their response characteristics show that the gas sensors exhibit polar characteristics in terms of gas adsorption and desorption depending on the type of gas, with contrasting characteristics depending on the presence or absence of nitrogen doping; nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits superior gas-sensing sensitivity and response speed compared with pristine graphene.

Abstract Cotton is a crucial cash crop in the tribal belt of Odisha. It has a significant effect on the livelihood of the tribal people. The volatile socio-economic background of the tribal farmers is a major hindrance to the proper development of the agriculture sector. In this regard, it is important to study the possible factors affecting cotton productivity in the tribal region to boost the policy effectiveness for the development of this cash crop in the area. More precisely, how is their socio-economic condition reflected in their crop productivity? So, the development of the tribal farmers can develop this crop in the region. This study analyses the detrimental effect of socio-economic factors on cotton productivity in the tribal area of Odisha. The data are collected using a structured questionnaire and a multiple-sampling technique. To understand the effect of socioeconomic factors on productivity, the ordinary least square (OLS) method has been employed in this paper. The result shows that most of the farmers are illiterate for which productivity is degrading. The age and gender of the head of the household are significant contributors to the cotton productivity of the study area. Male-headed households are more productive than female-headed households. Per capita monthly income and proportion of irrigated land are also important factors to affect cotton productivity positively. However, the social group of the family has no significant effect on the cotton productivity in the study area. Policymakers and agriculturists should emphasize farmer literacy, farmer income and land irrigation facilities to boost the productivity of this crop in the studied region.

Cedar-broad-leaved forests in the Far East cover an area of slightly more than 3 million hectares. Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) is one of the brightest representatives of the woody flora of cedar-broad-leaved forests. In the last century, volumetric and assortment tables were developed for it. There are no growth progress tables for this species. In order to increase the accuracy of forest taxation work, in this article, based on the materials of the state inventory, tables of growth progress for this species have been developed. The experimental material has been 159 model trees from permanent sample plots laid in plantations of different forest types and quality classes during the state forest inventory. When studying the growth patterns of the Amur cork tree, two approaches have been used. In the first case, when leveling taxation indicators, the diameter of the trees has been taken as an independent variable, and in the second – their age. The first version of the growth progress table is close to the digit scale of volumes, in the second case it corresponds to the generally accepted form of growth progress tables. In both versions, the total wood productivity, as well as the volume of bark and cork, has been calculated. The number of trunks has been found through the thinning constant. In plantations, the Amur cork tree occurs in single specimens, rarely growing in groups of up to 10 trees. In the analyzed sample, the maximum age of the Amur cork trees has been 100 years, the height – 25 m and the diameter – 60 cm. The developed growth progress tables reflect the patterns of development of the Amur cork trees growing in the Priamur-Primorskiy coniferous-broad-leaved area. The first growth progress table has been compiled by diameter classes, the second – by age classes. In comparison with oak, according to the growth progress tables, the Amur cork tree has shown a higher increment potential in terms of stock per one tree. The compiled tables can be used to calculate the reserves of the Amur cork tree wood as part of a mixed stand, the cork volume and mass, the amount of damage to plantations caused by logging or fires, and for other purposes. The high growth rate of the Amur cork tree at a young age indicates the prospects of this species for afforestation.

Abstract The State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) has been developing for fifteen years a breeding program that aims at the development of new cultivars of elephant grass due to its high potential and the low availability of cultivars developed by genetic breeding programs that meet the needs of producers in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In this sense, inbred families were also obtained as a way of fixing potential alleles for traits related to production, as the inbreeding process apparently does not strongly affect elephant grass in aspects related to inbreeding depression. This study aimed to estimate genetic diversity, variance components and prediction of genotypic values in 11 (S1) elephant grass families, and perform the truncation and simultaneous selection of traits using the selection index, by mixed models. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 11 (S1) families, three replications, and six plants per plot. For variables dry matter production, percentage of dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers and leaf blade width, was performed the estimation of genetic parameters and selection of the best genotypes based selection index using mixed model. The descriptors were subjected to correlation analysis, distance matrices were generated by the Mahalanobis method, and individuals were grouped by the UPGMA method. In the selection via mixed models (REML/BLUP), families 6, 11, 8, 1, 3, 7, and 9 contributed most of the genotypes selected for the evaluated traits, indicating their high potential to generate superior genotype. The selection indices via mixed models indicated that the multiplicative index presented a greater selection gain.The phenotypic correlations showed the possibility of performing an indirect selection from six evaluated traits.The genotypes were separated into 18 groups by the Mahalanobis distance, allowing the observation of a wide genetic diversity. The most divergent and productive genotypes were self-fertilized to obtain the second generation (S2), continuing the development program.

Spanish like any other language is the product of its history and culture. Numbers are all around us and play a crucial role in our everyday lives; therefore, idioms with both cardinal and ordinal numerals which do not determine their meaning not only are commonly used in Mexican Spanish but also permeate everyday language making it efficient and economical on the one hand yet expressive and eloquent on the other. Most idiomatic expressions with numbers originated in Spain, came to be used by Latin American peoples and are still widespread in the region; others, on the contrary, are in use only in Mexico or other Latin American countries. The etymology of some colloquial phrases is clear, which makes them easy to understand, while others may be of unknown origin. Expressions with cardinal numerals appear to be more productive than those with ordinal numerals. In some cases, idioms with cardinal and ordinal numerals coincide in meaning since idiomatic expressions represent human actions and feelings; as a result, both types of phrases convey meanings related to emotions, opportunity and socio-economic circumstances.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds of pea samples. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. The objects of research were 12 pea samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The zoned variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. Quality characteristics of peas, such as protein percentage in seeds and their ability to boil soft, are highly dependent on environmental conditions and often have a negative correlation with seed productivity. One of the goals in pea breeding is to change this inverse correlation between productivity and seed quality. The mean productivity of the varieties and lines in the Competitive Variety Testing through the years of study was 3.66 t/ha on average. The standard ‘Aksai Usatiy 5’ (3.46 t/ha) was reliably exceeded by such varieties and lines as ‘G-1181’ (4.17 t/ha), ‘Kazak’ (4.02 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (3.99 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (3.80 t/ha). The samples with the highest protein percentage (second quality class, 22.0–25.0 %) were ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ (23.7 %), ‘Skif’ (24.4 %), ‘Kazak’ (23.1 %), ‘AKM’ (23.6 %), ‘G-1141’ (24.3 %), ‘G-1172’ (25.0 %), ‘G-1181’ (22.3 %). The mean boiling time was 75 minutes. The minimum boiling time was 63 minutes for the varieties ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’, ‘Skif’, 65 minutes for the line ‘G-1234’ and 70 minutes for the line ‘G-1288’. The mean coefficient of the ability to boil soft over the years of study was 2.20, varying from 1.92 to 2.61. The mean protein yield over the years of study was 0.85 t/ha. The varieties ‘Kazak’ (0.94 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (0.93 t/ha) and breeding lines ‘G-1181’ (0.93 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (0.90 t/ha) showed the best indicators. The maximum values of protein yield were identified at maximum productivity of 4.2–4.3 t/ha and 23.5–24.0% of protein in seeds.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing, to identify the best ones for the soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic based on a set of economically valuable traits. In 2020–2023 seven winter wheat varieties were tested in comparison with the standard ‘Volzhskaya K’ and the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’. The adaptability of the varieties was determined according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva (1985), S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (1966). Weather conditions during the years of study (drought in 2021 and 2023, excessive moisture in 2022) made it possible to evaluate varieties for drought resistance, determine their resistance to lodging, and the ability to use favorable conditions to form high yields. It was revealed that the most adapted varieties were ‘Cheberina’ and ‘26.12/6’, in 2021–2023 they formed the highest yield (50.0–50.1 hwt/ha) and provided a significant increase of 5.5–5.6 hwt/ha to the standard variety ‘Volzhskaya K’. These varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety in general adaptive capacity (GAC). There was found that the varieties ‘Lyubava’, ‘2.05/3’ and ‘Cheberina’ were the most valuable breeding varieties that combined high productivity with a stable yield. The varieties ‘Cheberina’, ‘26.12/6’, ‘Volzhskaya K’, ‘A-332/2’ were highly responsive to improved environmental conditions (bi > 1). Based on the study results, the adaptable, highly productive variety ‘Cheberina’ was sent to the state variety testing. There has been established that the variety forms a strong elastic stem of medium height, resistant to lodging, and increases ear weight and length, and its grain content in favorable conditions of the spring-summer period. An estimation of disease infection during the spring-summer growing season in 2022 showed that the variety possesses complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and blotch of an ear and leaves. The variety formed grain of the third class with such indicators as 66 % of kernel hardness, 779 g/l of grain nature weight, 28 % of gluten of the first quality group, 12.8 % of protein in grain.