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AIM: To evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in patients with retinitis pigmentosa(RP)complicated with cataract, and to explore its correlation with the clinical characteristics of RP patients complicated with cataract.METHODS: The retrospective study included 79 RP patients(125 eyes)complicated with cataract who received cataract surgery at our hospital from January 2008 to December 2018, among which 63 cases(63 eyes)were finally enrolled in the RP complicated with cataract group after the exclusion of patients with early age of onset. Another 63 age- and sex-matched patients(63 eyes)with age-related cataract(ARC)who had cataract surgery during the same period in our hospital were enrolled in the ARC group. The clinical data and NLR were collected, and the correlation of clinical manifestations with NLR in RP patients complicated with cataract was analyzed.RESULTS: The NLR in RP patients complicated with cataract was significantly higher than that in the ARC group [1.79(1.32, 2.27)vs 1.58(1.32, 1.98), P=0.032]. NLR was associated with the severity of posterior subcapsular cataract(PSC), zonular deficiency, and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity(>1 LogMAR). Receiver operating curve showed that NLR ≥1.36 could predict higher degrees(>P1)of RP complicated PSC(AUC=0.803, 95%CI 0.672-0.934, P=0.002), NLR ≥2.12 could predict zonular weakness in RP patients complicated with cataract(AUC=0.796, 95%CI 0.665-0.928, P=0.002), while NLR ≥1.51 could predict RP patients with worse preoperative BCVA(AUC=0.667, 95%CI 0.540-0.793, P=0.015).CONCLUSION: NLR in RP patients complicated with cataract is significantly higher than that in ARC patients, and it is correlated with the clinical manifestations of RP patients with cataract. NLR can be used as a potential predictor to evaluate the severity of clinical manifestations of RP complicated with cataract.

Background Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) and raised intraocular pressure (IOP) are the most common ocular complications of oral steroid administration, particularly following long-term use or treatment with high doses. Objective To evaluate the association between cumulative steroid dose and duration of treatment with the occurrence of PSC and raised IOP, as well as its associated factors in children with idiopatic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Methods This cross-sectional study included children aged 4–18 years with INS who received oral steroid therapy for at least six consecutive months. Patients underwent complete eye examinations by an ophthalmologist to evaluate their visual acuity as well as the occurrence of PSC and/or raised IOP. Results Of 92 subjects, 19.6% had PSC, 12% had raised IOP, and one had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of

Purpose: To evaluate common morphological types of cataracts in patients with hypertension (HTN) alone (hypertensive patients) planned for cataract surgery. Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study. It was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary eye care centre from January 2022 to June 2022. Hypertensive patients, without any other systemic diseases, who presented with cataract in either of their eyes were included in the study. The classification of cataract was performed according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results: Two hundred and eighty eyes of 140 patients were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 64.9 ± 7.38 years (median 67 years; range 39–81 years). There were 63 (45%) males, and the rest were females. Of 140, 14 patients were below the age of 55 years, 2 patients were above 75 years, and the majority (42 patients) belonged to the age group between 67 and 70 years. Nuclear sclerosis (NS) cataract was the most common morphological type found in the eyes of hypertensive patients followed by posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). PSC significantly correlated with HTN when compared to other types of cataracts excluding NS (P < 0.0001). No significant relation was found between the grade of HTN and the grade of NS. Conclusion: Apart from the risk of formation of any type of cataract, NS and PSC were more commonly found in patients with HTN. Moreover, PSC was closely related to HTN when compared to other types of cataracts excluding NS.

Abstract Background Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) is a rare fundus disease characterized by the presence of osteoblast-like pigment, atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid deposition along the large retinal veins. Case presentation A 55-year-old Chinese female presented with right eye distention and bilateral vision loss. Osteocyte-like pigmentation and retinal choroidal atrophy distributed along the large retinal veins were seen in the fundus of bilateral eyes. The atrophy in the left eye was more severe compared to the right eye. The patient also presented with bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) accompanied with anterior segmental manifestations, similar to the complications of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The patient underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), Humphrey field analyser (HFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), electroretinogram (ERG), and electrooculography (EOG), all of which confirmed the aforementioned diagnose. Conclusion PPRCA is a rare disease of unknown etiology. The patient in this case presented with complications similar to those of RP, and the two conditions may share a genetic basis. Further studies are needed to confirm this relationship.

Abstract Background This study aims to compare the levels of intraocular cytokines between Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) eyes and the senile cataract eyes. The association between inflammatory cytokine levels and cataract severity in FUS is evaluated to find the possible mechanism of cataract in FUS eyes. Methods A retrospective study of 28 eyes with FUS was performed. Auxiliary examinations were performed, including ophthalmic examinations, laser flare-cell photometry, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor were measured. The control group included 25 eyes with senile cataract. Data on the aqueous humor inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups. The association between the aqueous humor cytokine levels and severity of posterior subcapsular cataract was assessed. Results There were 28 eyes with FUS in 27 patients. Unilateral involvement was noted in 26 patients (96.30%). Stellate keratic precipitates (KPs) were noted in 16 eyes (57.14%). Heterochromia was observed in 21.43% of affected eyes. Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was observed in 16 of the 28 eyes. Eyes with FUS had significantly higher aqueous humor (AH) cytokine levels (VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) compared with the control eyes (P

AIMS: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical profile of children presenting with posterior lenticonus. We also report on visual outcomes following surgery in these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with a diagnosis of posterior lenticonus between January 2000 and December 2016 were reviewed. Data collected included demographic details, preoperative, intraoperative details like type of intraocular lens (IOL) and surgery, and amblyopia therapy. Only the patients with a follow-up of at least 6 months from the time of presentation were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Forty-eight eyes with posterior lenticonus with at least 6 months of follow-up were studied. Twelve (25%) eyes had a preoperative posterior capsule (PC) dehiscence as seen on slit-lamp biomicroscopy or on ultrasonography. The mean presenting visual acuity in all eyes was 1.034 ± 0.56 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units. The mean final visual acuity in these patients was 0.57 ± 0.5 logMAR units. Postoperative visual acuity was found to have a borderline positive correlation with the presence of preoperative strabismus (P = 0.049). Younger age at presentation (P = 0.533) or the presence of preoperative PC dehiscence (P = 0.735) did not influence final visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity improves following surgery with IOL implantation in children with posterior lenticonus and cataract. With the availability of foldable lenses and improved surgical techniques, it is possible to place the IOL in bag despite a preexisting posterior capsular dehiscence. Children with posterior lenticonus who present with strabismus are likely to have poorer visual outcomes.

Purpose: Early onset opacification of the lens (cataract) has been observed to be on the rise globally. This study was conducted to determine the various types of presenile cataract and to determine the probable risk factors associated with the occurrence of presenile cataract. Materials and Methods: Patients in the age group of 18–40 years attending the Out-Patient Clinic of the Ophthalmology Department who were found to have presenile cataract were recruited as cases. An equal number of consecutive patients of the same age group were included in the control group. Those who gave consent to participate in the study were interviewed through a preformed questionnaire and underwent a complete ocular examination and set of blood investigations. The type of cataract was noted, data obtained were compiled, and examination and investigations done were documented and analyzed using frequency distribution and Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 90 cases and 90 controls that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Most common type of cataract was found to be posterior subcapsular cataract. Presenile cataract was observed to be significantly associated with tobacco intake (P = 0.035), hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.002), fuel exposure (P = 0.004), and lower socioeconomic status (P =

Aim : To identify the presence of a known or novel mutation/SNP in Exon-1 (ex-1) of alpha crystallin (CRYAA) gene in different types of age-related cataract (ARC) patients. Materials and Methods : Single strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was carried for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ex-1 of alpha crystallin (CRYAA) gene which was confirmed by sequencing. Results : The SSCP analysis of ex-1 of CRYAA gene revealed mobility shift in patients and controls, which was due to G>A transition at 6 th position in exon-1 of CRYAA gene. All the three genotypes, GG, AA and GA, were detected in patients and controls indicating that G>A substitution is polymorphic. The analysis showed significant risk for heterozygotes (GA) as compared to pooled frequencies of homozygotes (GG+AA), which was 1.81 times for all the types of cataracts in general and 2.5 times for Nuclear Cataract and twice for Cortical Cataract. Conclusion : The GA heterozygotes were at higher risk for developing NC and CC types of cataracts, where as the GG homozygotes for MT and AA homozygotes for PSC types were at risk. To our knowledge, an association of G>A transition found in ex-1 of CRYAA gene with ARC, with differential risk of genotypes for individual type of cataracts has not been reported previously.

We report a case of a 16-year-old girl, who was struck by lightning, and experienced blurred vision in the right eye (RE) immediately following the episode. She reported for ophthalmic evaluation two months later. Examination revealed relative afferent pupillary defect in the RE. Posterior subcapsular cataract was noted in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed macular holes and multiple areas of RPE hyperpigmentation in the periphery in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed increased choroidal transmission with early fluorescence and late fading in the foveal region and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stippling in the periphery in both eyes. This is the first case report of such nature in India to the best of our knowledge.