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Previous studies have mainly focused on outpatient cases of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), with limited attention to inpatient occurrences. Thus, we aimed to compare the clinical parameters of inpatients with SSTIs, performed genomic characterization, and determined the subtypes of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) bacteriophages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from these patients. We found that PVL-positive patients had shorter hospital stays (mean, 9 vs. 24 days; p

Introduction: Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V.cholerae). Based on antigenic differences of O antigen, O1 serogroup can be divided into three serotypes. In addition, by performing various biochemical reactions, O1 Serogroup can be differentiated into two biotypes. Outbreaks of Cholera occur seasonally. It is associated with monsoon season, warm temperature, heavy rainfall and increased plankton population. Aim: The aim was to determine the trends in resistance pattern and phenotypic Pattern of Vibrio cholerae. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted during the period from June 2019-December 2019. Culture of Stool specimens were done on different agar media. Biotyping was done by conventional methods. Serotyping and phage typing was also done along with the Antibiotic susceptibility testing. Descriptive analysis was used and presented in terms of percentage. Results: V.cholerae was isolated in 72 patients and they belonged to serogroup O1 and biotype El Tor. The most common serotype was Ogawa. The predominant phage type were T2 by old scheme and T27 by new scheme of phage typing. The maximum number of V. cholerae isolates was seen in the month of November, 2019 followed by October, 2019. Conclusion: The phenotypic pattern and fluctuating seasonal trend of V. cholerae and antimicrobial resistance encourage the continued epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of the disease.

In this study, 47 antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) were characterised, including 15 monophasic variants 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-, (STm) isolated from different matrices. They were all selected from 389 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains isolated during 2008-2010 in Abruzzo region (Italy). Thirty-seven strains showed to be resistant to more than 1 antibiotic. Among 47 isolates, phage type U311 and DT104 were identified. The ASSuT resistance pattern was predominant in mST strains and ACSSuT in ST DT104 and U302. A multiplex Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to investigate 4 genes: fluorfenicol (floSt), virulence (spvC), invasine (invA) and integrase (int). All ST the strain were positive for invA gene and 28,32% of strains were positive for spvC gene. PFGE analysis revealed a large number of small clonal populations, however not ascrivable to outbreaks.

To evaluate multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, including definitive type 104 (DT104) in the United States, we reviewed data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). In 1997–1998, 25% (703) of 2,767 serotyped Salmonella isolates received at NARMS were S. Typhimurium; antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were completed for 697. Fifty-eight percent (402) were resistant to >1 antimicrobial agent. Three multidrug-resistant (>5 drugs) strains accounted for 74% (296) of all resistant isolates. Ceftriaxone resistance was present in 3% (8), and nalidixic acid resistance in 1% (4), of these multidrug-resistant strains. By phage typing, 37% (259) of S. Typhimurium isolates were DT104, 30% (209) were of undefined type and 15% (103) were untypable. Fifty percent (202) of resistant (>1 drug) isolates were DT104. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates, particularly DT104, account for a substantial proportion of S. Typhimurium isolates; ceftriaxone resistance is exhibited by some of these strains.