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IntroductionIn the modern era, the maternal perception of children’s nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers’ perception of their children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children’s cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception.MethodsThe study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk.ResultsA total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild’s age is associated with the mother’s failure to accurately perceive her child’s weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThere is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.

Introduction: Psychological research can be conducted by researchers and by undergraduate or postgraduate students. At the undergraduate level, psychological research is especially challenging because of the limited ability of students to develop coherent and logical research problems and methodological approaches. Objective: This study aimed to identify the main research trends in undergraduate psychological theses at Peruvian universities. Quantitative and qualitative research design trends were identified as specific objectives. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective systematic review of psychological research thesis of Peruvian undergraduate students was conducted, starting the data extraction process starting with RENATI database for an initial screening phase. The data analysis was conducted in two phases. Results: The data were organized according to the following categories: sex of the authors, universities (1–5) according to their ranking, year of publication of the thesis, number of authors, designs, type of methodology, and topic of publication. Descriptive statistics were calculated on the basis of these categories. In the next phase, lexicometric and statistical textual analyses were used to identify research trends. Discussion: The main results showed that different topics were predominantly framed within the clinical and health psychology line of research, mainly those related to coping styles, psychological stress, and well-being.

Abstract Background Asthma is one of the conditions that contributes to the global burden of respiratory diseases and has been previously associated with diet intake. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between diet, assessed by a developed score, and asthma in Peruvian children. Methods This study was a cross sectional analysis nested within an unmatched case-control study of children in two peri-urban communities of Lima, Peru. We evaluated 767 children and adolescents (573 with asthma, 194 controls) between 9 and 19 years. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with food groups classified as “healthy” or “unhealthy”. Asthma control, Lung function and atopy were assessed by Asthma Control Test, Spirometry and InmunoCAP 250 test, respectively. Results Mean age of participants was 13.8 years (SD 2.6). Mean diet score was 5 (SD 1.23; range 2–8). Healthy Diet Score was associated with asthma status [OR 0.83, 95% CI (0.72, 0.95), p = 0.009] in adjusted analysis. Thus, participants with higher HDS, had lower odds of asthma. In sensitivity analyses, when adjusting for atopy, results did not change significantly. [OR 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99); p = 0.04]. No association between the HDS and asthma control, FEV1, nor FeNO were observed. Atopy did not modify the association between diet and asthma outcomes. Conclusions In our study cohort, better diet quality was associated with lower odds of asthma, but was not associated with asthma control. Diet modification may be a potential intervention to impact the increasing prevalence of this disease.

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN Se estima que los trastornos neurocognitivos mayores afectarán a 115,4 millones de personas en 2050, lo que representa una carga financiera importante para la sociedad. Asimismo, la dependencia funcional para actividades básicas o instrumentales de la vida diaria suele ser consecuencia de la mayor prevalencia de patologías discapacitantes, y de la progresiva disminución de la reserva fisiológica propia del envejecimiento. OBJETIVOS Se persiguen dos objetivos: determinar la relación entre los test funcionales y la predicción de deterioro de funciones cognitivas en pacientes geriátricos; y establecer qué factores están asociados a disminución de las funciones cognitivas en pacientes geriátricos. MÉTODOS Estudio de tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Incluimos participantes que acudieron a los servicios ambulatorios de geriatría del Centro Médico Naval de Perú desde 2010 hasta 2014. Se formaron dos grupos, el primero con los que presentaron pérdida fisiológica de funciones cognitivas, definida como la disminución menor a 4,1 puntos en el puntaje del Mini Mental State Examination durante el seguimiento y otro con una pérdida patológica de funciones cognitivas, definida como la disminución de 4,2 puntos en promedio o más en el puntaje de esta misma encuesta durante el seguimiento. Los pacientes fueron seguidos por cuatro años, período en el que se les efectuaron evaluaciones funcionales y se recogieron datos de comorbilidades y factores sociodemográficos. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 368 pacientes, cuya media de edad fue de 75,8 años y 50,91% fueron hombres. El género femenino (53,72%), la presencia de un bajo grado de instrucción (62,81%) y la presencia de comorbilidades fueron más prevalentes en el grupo con disminución de Mini Mental State Examination patológico. Las variables de evaluación funcional, incluyendo al Timed Up and Go Test, presentaron promedios inadecuados durante el seguimiento de cuatro años en el grupo con evolución patológica del puntaje del Mini Mental State Examination, en comparación con el grupo sano. CONCLUSIONES Los valores del puntaje del Timed Up and Go Test logran predecir el riesgo de una disminución patológica del Mini Mental State Examination, independientemente de factores sociodemográficos, comorbilidades y valoración funcional.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purposes of this investigation were to determine the horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge in a sample of Peruvians with normal occlusion and to compare them by tooth type, sex, arch side, and age groups. Methods: 65 dental casts of subjects with normal occlusion were collected. Posterior teeth, except for third molars, were evaluated. The horizontal distances between the occluso-gingival midpoints of the buccal surfaces (FA points) of each tooth and the WALA ridge were measured using a modified digital caliper. The values between each different tooth type within the sample were compared using the ANOVA and Scheffe tests, while comparisons by sex, arch side and age groups, using the Student’s t-test. Results: The mean distances in the sample was 0.96 mm for first premolars, 1.45 mm for second premolars, 2.12 mm for first molars and 2.55 mm for second molars. Statistically significant differences between each of the four tooth types were found. There were no significant differences found between sex, arch side and age groups. Conclusion: The horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge increased progressively from the first premolars to the second molars in Peruvians with normal occlusion. The WALA ridge was a good landmark to evaluate the positions of posterior teeth in Peruvians with normal occlusion.