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Abstract Background In France, migrants constitute a significant proportion of people diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV). This study estimated the prevalence of these three viruses among detainees at a French administrative detention centre (CRA), through systematic Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) screening. Methods This prospective, single-centre, cross-sectional, pilot study included detainees at the Nîmes CRA from February to December 2022. The primary endpoint was HIV, HCV and HBV prevalence determined by RDT. Secondary outcomes were: co-infections; study acceptability, reasons for non-inclusion, causes of non-contributory samples; and concordance between serological tests and RDT. Results Among the 350 people agreeing to participate of 726 eligible, five refused the RDT, leaving 345 analysable participants for a participation rate of 47.5% (345/726). Participants were predominantly male (90%) with an average age of 31 years. The most common country of origin was Algeria (34%). Twenty (6%) had taken drugs intravenously and 240 (70%) had had unprotected sex within a median of 4.92 [1.08; 15] months. Virus prevalence was: 0% HIV; 4.64 [2.42; 6.86] % HCV; and 2.32 [1.01; 4.52] % HBV. Eleven (73%) of the RDT HCV positive cases were confirmed serologically. RDT detected one false-positive HCV case, as an anti-HCV Ac serological test was negative. Of the eight patients with positive HBV RDT, one declined the serology testing, thus 100% (7/7) of the tested RDT positive cases were confirmed by serology. Conclusion The study highlighted the need to screen detainees for HIV, HCV and HBV infection and suitability of RDTs.

Abstract Purpose The present study aimed at assessing the prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (main objective), anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome (BOS) and their associated factors in intensive care unit (ICU) staff workers in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods An international cross-sectional multicenter ICU-based online survey was carried out among the ICU staff workers in 20 ICUs across 3 continents. ICUs staff workers (both caregivers and non-caregivers) were invited to complete PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires for assessing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the different components of BOS, respectively. A personal questionnaire was used to isolate independent associated factors with these disorders. Results PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires were completed by 585, 570, and 539 responders, respectively (525 completed all questionnaires). PTSD was diagnosed in 98/585 responders (16.8%). Changing familial environment, being a non-caregiver staff worker, having not being involved in a COVID-19 patient admission, having not been provided with COVID-19-related information were associated with PTSD. Anxiety was reported in 130/570 responders (22.8%). Working in a public hospital, being a woman, being financially impacted, being a non-clinical healthcare staff member, having no theoretical or practical training on individual preventive measures, and fear of managing COVID-19 patients were associated with anxiety. Depression was reported in 50/570 responders (8.8%). Comorbidity at risk of severe COVID-19, working in a public hospital, looking after a child, being a non-caregiver staff member, having no information, and a request for moving from the unit were associated with depression. Having received no information and no adequate training for COVID-19 patient management were associated with all 3 dimensions of BOS. Conclusion The present study confirmed that ICU staff workers, whether they treated COVID-19 patients or not, have a substantial prevalence of psychological disorders.

Abstract The high mortality rate in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic may be linked to psychological disorders in staff. Hence, we assessed the prevalence and associated factors of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and burnout of nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study including 66 randomly selected nursing homes in southern France. 537 of the contacted 3 821 nursing home workers (14.0%) responded between April and October 2021. We collected information on center organization, severity of COVID-19 exposure, and socio-demographic information in an online survey. The prevalence of probable PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety and depressive disorders (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and the sub-scores of burnout syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel) were assessed. Probable PTSD was reported in 115/537 responders (21.4% (95% CI [18.0%–24.9%])). After adjustment, low-level exposure to COVID-19 in nursing home residents (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI [0.3–0.9]), fear of managing COVID-19 residents (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI [1.9–6.4]), conflicts with residents (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, [1.2–4.4]), conflicts with colleagues (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI [1.7–8.6]), cancellation of leave (AOR, 4.8; 95% CI [2.0–11.7]) and temporary worker employment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI [1.7–6.9]) were associated with higher prevalence of probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression were 28.8% (95% CI [24.9%–32.7%]) and 10.4% (95% CI [7.8%–13.1%]), respectively. Psychological disorders were observed in nearly one third of nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, continuous surveys and preventive measures are needed in this particularly at-risk population.

Abstract Introduction Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) at the time of childbirth can lead to serious consequences including anal incontinence, dyspareunia, pain and rectovaginal fistula. These types of lesions and their incidence have been well studied after cephalic presentation deliveries, but no publications have specifically addressed this issue in the context of vaginal breech delivery. The goal of our study was to evaluate the incidence of OASIs following breech deliveries and compare it with cephalic presentation births. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving 670 women. Of these, 224 and 446 had a vaginal birth of a fetus in the breech (breech group) and cephalic (cephalic group) presentations respectively. Both groups were matched for birthweight (± 200 g), date of delivery (± 2 years) and vaginal parity. Main outcome of interest was to evaluate the incidence of OASIs following breech vaginal birth compared to cephalic vaginal births. Secondary endpoints were the incidence of intact perineum or first-degree tear, second-degree perineal tear and rates of episiotomies in each group. Results There was no statistically significant difference in OASIs incidence between the breech and cephalic groups (0.9% vs. 1.1%; RR 0.802 (0.157; 4.101); p = 0.31). There were more episiotomies in the breech group (12.5% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.0012) and the rate of intact or first-degree perineum was similar in both groups (74.1% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.7291). A sub-analysis excluding patients with episiotomy and history of OASIs did not show any statistically significant difference either. Conclusion We did not demonstrate a significant difference in the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries between women who had a breech vaginal birth compared to cephalic.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the number and risk factors of violent events encountered in the emergency department. An observation grid was developed following interviews with emergency department staff to target the most pertinent information to collect in a prospective study design.Design Observational study.Setting Emergency department of a tertiary hospital in France.Outcome measures Number of violent events occurring during a single shift, recorded over 6 months by two observers. Information collected included time and date of incident; number of male/female staff; number of patients and accompaniers present in the service and the waiting room and length of staff debriefing. Perpetrator, victim and patient information were collected. Victims were followed-up 72 hours later.Results Eighty-two periods were observed between November 2015 and April 2016 recording 35 violent incidents affecting 37 perpetrators and 48 victims, equally distributed over the days of the week and months of the year. The median interval until violence was 0 [0–96] min from entry. Eight (23%) events were officially reported, with two (6%) resulting in charges being pressed. No risk factors were significantly associated with violent incidents in multivariate analysis, although there was a tendency towards significance for fewer senior female doctors present (p=0.0787) and a resulting longer debriefing session (p=0.0712).Conclusions We confirm the high rate of violence in the emergency department and poor level of official reporting. Strategies should be implemented to anticipate and reduce incidence and encourage reporting by affected staff.Trial registration number NCT02116439.

Abstract Background This study aims to compare improvements in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity between a group of ADHD children and parents undergoing a new therapeutic program based on third-generation cognitive behavioral therapy (Hyper-mCBT) and a similar group undergoing treatment-as-usual with the Barkley program. Methods Two hundred forty-eight children diagnosed with ADHD will be randomly assigned to either a Hyper-mCBT program or a Barkley program. This is a multicenter randomized (1:1), 2 parallel-group, superiority trial with evaluator blinding and stratification according to center and methylphenidate treatment. The Hyper-mCBT program consists in a series of 16 simultaneous-but-separate therapy sessions for parents and for children. Discussion More effective psychotherapeutic approaches are needed for ADHD children. Pharmacotherapy seems to be more effective in reducing ADHD symptoms but it is not always helpful, it carries side effects, and it is rejected by many parents/professionals. Results for psychotherapy programs for ADHD are inconsistent although several studies have shown clinical improvements. This trial will substantiate encouraging preliminary results of an innovative psychotherapy program for both parents and children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03437772 . Registered on February 19, 2018. Sponsor number: PHRC-N/2016/JLC-01. RCB identification: 2017-A01349-44

Abstract Background Age-adjusted lymphoma incidence rates continue to rise in France since the early 80’s, although rates have slowed since 2010 and vary across subtypes. Recent improvements in patient survival in major lymphoma subtypes at population level raise new questions about patient outcomes (i.e. quality of life, long-term sequelae). Epidemiological studies have investigated factors related to lymphoma risk, but few have addressed the extent to which socioeconomic status, social institutional context (i.e. healthcare system), social relationships, environmental context (exposures), individual behaviours (lifestyle) or genetic determinants influence lymphoma outcomes, especially in the general population. Moreover, the knowledge of the disease behaviour mainly obtained from clinical trials data is partly biased because of patient selection. Methods The REALYSA (“REal world dAta in LYmphoma and Survival in Adults”) study is a real-life multicentric cohort set up in French areas covered by population-based cancer registries to study the prognostic value of epidemiological, clinical and biological factors with a prospective 9-year follow-up. We aim to include 6000 patients over 4 to 5 years. Adult patients without lymphoma history and newly diagnosed with one of the following 7 lymphoma subtypes (diffuse large B-cell, follicular, marginal zone, mantle cell, Burkitt, Hodgkin, mature T-cell) are invited to participate during a medical consultation with their hematologist. Exclusion criteria are: having already received anti-lymphoma treatment (except pre-phase) and having a documented HIV infection. Patients are treated according to the standard practice in their center. Clinical data, including treatment received, are extracted from patients’ medical records. Patients’ risk factors exposures and other epidemiological data are obtained at baseline by filling out a questionnaire during an interview led by a clinical research assistant. Biological samples are collected at baseline and during treatment. A virtual tumor biobank is constituted for baseline tumor samples. Follow-up data, both clinical and epidemiological, are collected every 6 months in the first 3 years and every year thereafter. Discussion This cohort constitutes an innovative platform for clinical, biological, epidemiological and socio-economic research projects and provides an opportunity to improve knowledge on factors associated to outcome of lymphoma patients in real life. Trial registration 2018-A01332–53, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03869619 .

Abstract Background Prostate cancer patients are known to suffer from poor sexual and urinary long-term side-effects following treatment, potentially impacting quality of life. The purpose of our study was to compare health-related quality of life at 3 years between prostate cancer patients and healthy controls according to key life-style characteristics. Secondary objectives were to compare urological dysfunction, sexual function, anxiety and depression. Methods Multicentric, case-control, observational prospective, open, follow-up study including 819 prostate cancer patients

Abstract Background Glioblastomas (GB) are the most common and lethal primary brain tumors. Significant progress has been made toward identifying potential risk factors for GB and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, the current standard of care for newly diagnosed GB, the Stupp protocol, has remained unchanged for over a decade. Large-scale translational programs based on a large clinicobiological database are required to improve our understanding of GB biology, potentially facilitating the development of personalized and specifically targeted therapies. With this goal in mind, a well-annotated clinicobiological database housing data and samples from GB patients has been set up in France: the French GB biobank (FGB). Methods The biobank contains data and samples from adult GB patients from 24 centers in France providing written informed consent. Clinical and biomaterial data are stored in anonymized certified electronic case report forms. Biological samples (including frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues, blood samples, and hair) are conserved in certified biological resource centers or tumor tissue banks at each participating center. Results Clinical data and biological materials have been collected for 1087 GB patients. A complete set of samples (tumor, blood and hair) is available for 66%, and at least one frozen tumor sample is available for 88% of the GB patients. Conclusions This large biobank is unique in Europe and can support the large-scale translational projects required to improve GB care. Additional biological materials, such as peritumoral brain zone and fecal samples, will be collected in the future, to respond to research needs.

Malignancies can be associated with positive antiphospholipid antibodies but the incidence of cancer among women with the purely obstetric form of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is currently unknown. Our aim was to investigate the comparative incidence of cancers in women with a history of obstetric APS within a referral university hospital-based cohort (NOH-APS cohort). We performed a 17-year observational study of 1,592 non-thrombotic women with three consecutive spontaneous abortions before the 10th week of gestation or one fetal death at or beyond the 10th week of gestation. We compared the incidence of cancer diagnosis during follow-up among the cohort of women positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (n=517), the cohort of women carrying the F5 rs6025 or F2 rs1799963 polymorphism (n=279) and a cohort of women with negative thrombophilia screening results (n=796). The annualized rate of cancer was 0.300% (0.20%-0.44%) for women with obstetric APS and their cancer risk was substantially higher than that of women with negative thrombophilia screening [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.483; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.85]. The computed standardized incidence ratio for women with obstetric APS was 2.89; 95% CI: 1.89-4.23. Among antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulant was associated with incident cancers (aHR 2.608; 95% CI: 1.091-6.236). Our cohort study shows that the risk of cancer is substantially higher in women with a history of obstetric APS than in the general population, and in women with a similar initial clinical history but negative for antiphospholipid antibodies.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Meningococcal disease is a major public health concern in Sahelian Africa, where over half of the cases reported worldwide occur. In an effort to find annual spatial clusters of meningococcal disease and in order to study their evolution in Niger from January 2002 to June 2008, a prospective study of routine national surveillance data was conducted pertaining to patients with suspected bacterial meningitis. The diagnoses were obtained by analysing patients’ cerebrospinal fluid, using polymerase chain reaction or bacteriology. SatScan using Poisson’s model was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) of occurrence of spatial clusters. In the 2002-2003 period, 15 spatial clusters of meningococcal meningitis were detected in a total of 3,979 cases with a maximum number of 558 cases per cluster in the south-eastern part of the country (70.5% of all cases that year; RR = 7.85; P