Search

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between perfectionism and expectations of thinness and dietary restriction in adults. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with adults 18-65 years old. Demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were questioned using a questionnaire form. Perfectionism characteristics of individuals were evaluated with “Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)” developed to make a multidimensional assessment of perfectionism, and the findings regarding their expectations from thinness and food restriction were evaluated with the “Thinness and Restricting Expectancy Inventory (TREI) Scale”. Data collection was facilitated using a web-based questionnaire. Those who were not in the appropriate age range and did not tick the “I consent to participate in this study voluntarily” tab were excluded from the study. Results: The study population was 1,376 adults (mean age: 27.42±10.99 years; 74.4% female). The TREI total score showed a weak positive correlation with the FMPS total score (r=0.351, p

Orthorexia nervosa is described as a pathological fixation with healthy eating. Many risk factors contribute to the development of orthorexia nervosa. This study aimed to better understand the role of perfectionism in the development of orthorexia nervosa. In this context, studies on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were reviewed. In the databases of PubMed, Wiley Online Library and Sage Journals and were searched. The keywords “orthorexia”, “orthorexia nervosa”, “pathologically healthy eating” and “perfectionism” were used in the search. As a result of the scanning, 17 articles on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were examined. Studies were evaluated in terms of sample characteristics, study design, orthorexia nervosa measurement tools and study results. The results indicate that orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism are related. In addition, only one study found a weak relationship between ON and perfectionism. However, for more comprehensive findings on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism, cross-cultural studies are needed. Finally, the concept of perfectionism, which is effective in the development of orthorexia nervosa, may be a guide for effective treatment techniques.

Abstract Recent research suggested that mental toughness might play a mediating role in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and sleep quality. This study sought to examine the associations between multidimensional perfectionism, mental toughness, and sleep quality in young Chinese athletes, with a particular focus on investigating the potential mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and sleep quality. A total of 208 Chinese athletes (129 females and 79 males) aged from 15 to 29 (Mage = 19.9, SD = 2.52) were included. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the potential mediating effect. The results revealed that perfectionism striving was not associated with sleep quality, whereas perfectionism concerning emerged as a negative predictor of sleep quality. Mental toughness could positively predict sleep quality. The mediation analysis demonstrated that mental toughness partially mediated the relationship between perfectionism concerning and sleep quality. This study revealed that perfectionism concerning can reduce sleep quality, and mental toughness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism concerning and sleep quality among Chinese young athletes. These findings suggest that enhancing athletes’ mental toughness and reducing perfectionism concerning may be effective strategies for improving sleep quality.

Na Li,1,* Xinyao Zhang,1,* Yi Zheng,1 Qingchuan Liu,2 Sifang Niu,3 Yan Qin,4 Ying Zhang,5 Yan Liu,6 Jianli Wang7 1School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Communication, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; 6School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B2N 5E3, Canada*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jianli Wang, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B2N 5E3, Canada, Email jianli.wang@dal.ca Yan Liu, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, People’s Republic of China, Email hakunaly@163.comBackground: Perfectionism is a pivotal factor in the etiology and prognosis of major depression. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of longitudinal research examining the association between perfectionism and major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to explore the impact of perfectionism on MDD among a cohort of first-year Chinese university students.Methods: This study employed a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and MDD in a sample of first-year Chinese university students (n=8079). Socially prescribed perfectionism and almost perfectionism were measured using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), while MDD was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0). Random effects logistic regression modeling was utilized to estimate the associations between the variables.Results: The findings revealed that the incidence of MDD was 0.6%. Lifetime exposure to severe traumatic events (≥ 10) (OR=2.619, 95% CI: 1.502– 4.565) and almost perfectionism (OR=1.015, 95% CI: 1.004– 1.026) were identified as significant risk factors for MDD.Conclusion: It is evident that perfectionism is linked to an increased susceptibility to MDD. However, additional longitudinal studies focusing on university students are imperative to delve deeper into the influence of perfectionism on the initial manifestation of MDD.Keywords: freshmen, major depressive disorder, perfectionism, lifetime severe traumatic events

Abstract Perfectionism has been identified as a vulnerability and maintenance factor across eating disorders (EDs). Additionally, research has found that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) moderate the relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology. Despite this evidence, few studies have examined if these factors specifically moderate ED severity. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the moderating effect of IU and RNT on the relationship between perfectionism and ED symptoms, as well as the predictive power of these factors on identifying participants with clinically significant ED symptoms. 331 treatment-seeking adults from a university-affiliated community clinic and 264 undergraduate students completed measures to assess ED symptoms, RNT, perfectionism and IU. 147 participants (24.7% of the total sample) had clinically significant levels of ED symptoms as determined by the Eating Disorder Questionnaire Short-Form (EDE-QS). Multiple linear regressions found significant associations between ED symptoms and both the IU*perfectionism interaction (p

Abstract Background Procrastination is common among university students and associated with adverse outcomes such as physical and mental health problems. According to the Temporal motivation theory procrastination may vary over time depending on the temporal proximity to goals and deadlines. Aims To determine if mean procrastination levels among university students varies over an academic year, and if trajectories of procrastination are moderated by gender identity, perfectionistic strivings, and/or perfectionistic concerns. Sample Swedish university students (n = 1410). Methods The cohort was followed with web-surveys at four time-points over one academic year (Late semester, Mid semester, After semester, and Early semester). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean levels of self-rated procrastination at the different time-points. Results We found only small fluctuations in mean procrastination levels over the academic year. Participants with high perfectionistic concerns demonstrated higher mean procrastination levels at all time-points, but neither gender identity, perfectionistic concerns nor perfectionistic strivings affected the slope of the mean procrastination trajectories. Conclusions In this cohort of Swedish university students, self-rated procrastination levels were stable over the academic year. Perfectionistic concerns, but not gender identity or perfectionistic strivings, was associated with higher levels of procrastination.

Abstract Background Among medical residents, suicide is the second most prevalent cause of mortality. In Iran, the suicide of medical residents has become one of the most important challenges. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between perfectionism and suicidal ideation among medical residents in Iran. Methods This research was a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present research included all the residents in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in 2023, of whom 277 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI-1997), the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS-2007) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21-1995) were used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and Amos software version 22. Results Out of 277 participants, 30% (N = 83) were male and 70% (N = 194) were female. The findings showed that the research model had goodness of fit. There was a significant relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress (β = 0.76, P 0.01), but perfectionism played a role in residents’ suicidal ideation through psychological distress (β = 0.50, P

Nonsuicidal self-injury typically involves deliberate harm without suicidal intent; however, rare cases exist where self-injury occurs unintentionally, without conscious awareness. This report presents the case of a 16-year-old boy who exhibited unintentional self-harm during sleep, associated with severe academic stress and perfectionism. Despite psychological and medical interventions, the behavior persisted until academic stress was alleviated. This case highlights the need for a differentiated clinical approach to managing unintentional self-harm, emphasizing the importance of stress management and psychological support in adolescents to address the underlying emotional and behavioral triggers.

Abstract Background Social media use, perfectionism, and disordered eating have all increased over the last decades. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between self-presentation behaviors and being exposed to others’ self-presentation on social media, and disordered eating. Studies also show that the relationship between focus on self-presentation and highly visual social media is stronger than for non-visual social media, hence facilitating upward social comparison. Nevertheless, no previous studies have investigated the link between adolescents’ focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media, and perfectionism and disordered eating, which is the aim of the present study. Method The present study is based on a cross-sectional survey from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study (N = 3424), conducted in 2020 and 2021. Respondents were high school students (mean age 17.3 years, 56% females) in Bergen, Norway. Multiple regression analysis was performed, where SPAUSCIS, a measure of self-presentation and upward social comparison, was the independent variable. Perfectionism and disordered eating were dependent variables. Self-reported age, gender, and subjective socioeconomic status were used as covariates, as well as frequency and duration of social media use. Regression models were performed to compare proportions across the median split of SPAUSCIS. Results The multiple regression analysis showed that increased focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media were positively associated with both perfectionism (standardized coefficient 0.28) and disordered eating. A stronger association for girls than boys was found for disordered eating (standardized coefficient 0.39 for girls and 0.29 for boys). There was no gender moderation for perfectionism. Conclusions Findings suggest that focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media is associated with perfectionism and disordered eating. We recommend promoting a healthy use of social media. This could be established by increasing adolescents’ ability to reflect on and think critically about self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media.

Network models of psychopathology can identify specific items/symptoms that explain the connections among broader constructs such as depression, anxiety, and perfectionism. In two studies, we examine the dynamic interplay between depression, anxiety, and perfectionism symptoms among undergraduates using structural equation modeling (SEM) and network analysis. Participants in two independent samples (N = 774 and N = 759) completed online, cross-sectional questionnaires including measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perfectionism (i.e., concerns over mistakes, doubts about actions, and personal standards). When analyzing data in the traditional fashion using SEM as a point of comparison, results from both samples were consistent with the existing literature. After controlling for all other perfectionism variables in the model, concerns over mistakes and doubts about actions were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms (βs from .21 to .46), while personal standards showed negative associations with depressive symptoms (β = -.20 both samples) and non-significant associations with anxiety symptoms (βs from -.09. to -.03). Nonetheless, model fit for the confirmatory factor model was below ideal cutoffs in the second sample, suggesting other structures (e.g., a network model) might better represent the data. Network analyses revealed associations between constructs at the item level across both samples. Four key symptoms emerged as central nodes linking depression, anxiety, and perfectionism: difficulty taking initiative to do activities, feeling worthless, feeling close to panic, and doubts about simple everyday activities. This study underscores the importance of investigating item-level associations for a nuanced interpretation of these constructs.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the perfectionism scale regarding physical appearance in patients seeking rhinoplasty. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 250 individuals seeking rhinoplasty in Kermanshah beauty clinics. Participants were purposively selected. Tools included perfectionism, social comparison, and body image acceptance scales. Divergence and convergence were assessed using various scales. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and LISREL. Results: The obtained value for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.83, indicating that the sample adequacy was desirable, and the data in this study had the potential for factor analysis. The significance level for Bartlett's test of sphericity was also less than 0.0001, demonstrating the appropriateness of factor analysis for identifying the structure (factor model). Furthermore, the Cronbach's alpha-coefficient for the entire scale was 0.853, indicating acceptable questionnaire reliability. Internal consistency among the perfectionism subscales was confirmed. Additionally, the correlation between perfectionism subscales and measures of interindividual sensitivity and body appearance acceptance was confirmed (p < 0.001). Results supported the convergent validity of perfectionism with appearance acceptance and the divergent validity of perfectionism with interindividual sensitivity. Conclusion: This questionnaire, a self-report tool for measuring perfectionism traits in individuals seeking rhinoplasty, is recommended for use alongside interviews and observations for a thorough assessment. However, results may be influenced by individual biases. Despite this, the acceptable validity and reliability of this questionnaire make it suitable for research.

Athletes' perfectionism is influenced by personality, which in turn leads to differences in athletic performance. This study investigates the intricate relationship between perfectionism and the Big Five personality traits, particularly within the context of athletes. We apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to survey data to identify which personality combinations lead to perfectionism. The study sample selected through purposive sampling from various sports disciplines within Macao and Anhui Province. Personality traits and perfectionism levels were assessed using the Simplified Chinese Big Five Personality Questionnaire (CBF-PI) and the Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire (CFMPS). Results indicate that neuroticism and conscientiousness are crucial in predicting perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings, respectively. Three personality configurations leading to perfectionistic concerns were identified, with high neuroticism, high conscientiousness, low extraversion, and low openness being core conditions. Four configurations leading to perfectionistic strivings were identified, with low neuroticism, high conscientiousness, high agreeableness, and either high extraversion or high openness as core conditions. The study reveals the complex interactions between personality traits and challenges the variable-centered research approach. The results underscore the importance of understanding the multidimensionality and complexity of perfectionism in athletes and offer directions for further research.

Abstract Background Theory and research indicate that an appearance focused self-concept (i.e., placing overriding importance on physical appearance for self-definition and self-worth) plays a role in the etiology and maintenance of disordered eating and eating disorders. Although the consequences of an appearance focused self-concept are palpable, less is known about its correlates. Accordingly, we examined a range of factors that may characterize appearance focused people, including personality traits (perfectionism, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity), self-concept (global self-esteem and self-concept clarity), sociocultural (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal, general attractiveness internalizations, and perceived pressure to be thin), and early life experiences (adverse childhood experiences, attachment styles) factors. Methods Female undergraduate university students (N = 568; M age = 19.58, SD age = 4.24) completed a questionnaire battery that included the Beliefs About Appearance Scale, Depressive Experiences Questionnaire–Self-Criticism-6 Scale, Frost-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Revised Almost Perfect Scale, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, Self-Concept Clarity Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale Short Form, and the Dietary Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire. Results Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each set of factors separately and together. For personality traits, perfectionism, impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For self-concept, global self-esteem and self-concept clarity were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For sociocultural, general attractiveness internalization, thin-ideal internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. For early life experiences, attachment anxiety and avoidance were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. In the combined analysis, the various factors explained 54% of the variance in appearance focused self-concept. Impulsivity, global self-esteem, general attractiveness internalization, and perceived pressure to be thin were uniquely associated with appearance focused self-concept. Conclusions Results for global self-esteem were consistent with prior research. Findings for evaluative concerns perfectionism were inconsistent with prior research. We discuss future research directions to examine the link between evaluative concerns perfectionism and appearance focused self-concept. We also discuss how sociocultural factors (general attractiveness internalization and perceived pressure to be thin) and impulsivity may help cultivate an appearance focused self-concept, advancing knowledge on the characteristics of appearance-focused people.

The model of excellencism and perfectionism (MEP) theorizes that the attitude toward goals as characterized in excellencism is desirable over perfectionism. Using the self-determination theory (SDT), this study aims to investigate the varying effects of perfectionism and excellencism on work engagement and performance. The study used a time-lagged multi-phase, multi-source, and cross-sectional online survey to collect responses from 360 corporate employees of Indian companies in the services industry. The results indicate that while both perfectionism and excellencism entail pursuing high standards, they relate differently with performance and work engagement. Interestingly, excellencism and work engagement were significantly associated with performance (p < .001); however, perfectionism was insignificant (p = .989). Perfectionism strengthens work engagement (β = 0.112; p = .013), while excellencism has an insignificant effect (β = 0.035; p = .537). Work engagement fully mediates the perfectionism-performance relationship. This demonstrates that striving for excellence alone is sufficient to achieve positive performance, challenging the traditional belief that one must focus on perfection. Furthermore, perfectionism is positively associated with performance only when employees are engaged and have positive motivation toward work.

Abstract Background Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a disordered eating style involving an unhealthy obsession with ‘healthy’ or ‘clean’ eating. Its aetiology is still poorly understood and is not yet recognised in diagnostic manuals. While ON has been associated with Obsessive Compulsive (OC) symptoms and perfectionism, no study to date has looked at the relationship between OC symptoms and ON tendencies via perfectionism, or the influence of two facets of perfectionism in this relationship, namely evaluative concern and achievement striving. Examining the potential role of perfectionism helps to understand the aetiology of ON as well as inform potential treatments tailored specifically for ON and comorbid OC symptoms. Methods In this cross sectional study, we tested 507 participants (n = 70 males, n = 69 at risk of ON) on questionnaires measuring OC symptoms, perfectionism and ON symptoms. We ran two mediation analyses to look at the overall relationship between perfectionism and OC and ON symptoms (Model 1) as well as the specific contribution of evaluative concern and achievement striving in the relationship between OC and ON symptoms (Model 2). Results We found that perfectionism partially mediated the relationship between OC and ON symptoms. Specifically, we found that while achievement striving and evaluative concern were associated with OC symptoms, only achievement striving was significantly associated with ON symptoms, mediating the relationship between OC and ON symptoms. Conclusions This study highlighted the role of one key facet of perfectionism (achievement striving) in the aetiology of ON. The role of achievement striving was indicated as a transdiagnostic construct explaining the link between ON and OC symptoms. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment models, specifically in terms of the potential role of targeting perfectionism in ON treatment.

IntroductionPerfectionism, as a transdiagnostic variable, can influence both the intrapersonal and interpersonal domains, one of the most significant of them is thought to be marital relationship. Given that perfectionism within a couple can negatively affect their intimate relationship and potentially lead to destructive outcomes, reviewing studies conducted in this area seems to be essential to gain a clearer understanding. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to examine the association between perfectionism and marital outcomes in married individuals.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases, including APA PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science, using specific keywords and Boolean operators. Included were the English-Language studies published between 1980 and 2023 that investigated the relationship between perfectionism and marital outcomes in heterosexual couples. Out of the studies identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria for this review, of which 16 studies met the criteria for meta-analysis.ResultsThe meta-analysis indicated a small-to-moderate effect size for the association between perfectionism and marital outcomes (r = 0.26). Given the importance of marital relationship, such effect sizes for variables which may influence marital relationship bears significant value.DiscussionTherefore, the findings may encourage researchers to conduct various studies to examine specific details, moderators, and mediators in the relationship between perfectionism and marital outcomes and may also prompt couple therapists to address perfectionism as a destructive factor and integrate strategies into their protocols to reduce its impact in intimate relationships.

Background: We examined the feasibility and outcomes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a virtual coach in guided self-help (GSH-AI) compared to pure self-help (PSH). Method: Participants (N = 85 undergraduate university students; M age = 20.65 years [SD = 2.38]; 84 % female) were randomised to PSH (N = 42) or GSH-AI (N = 43). The intervention was a brief 11-module online cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism intervention completed over 4-weeks. GSH-AI participants were given suggested questions to ask AI for guidance in completing the intervention. Data were collected at baseline, 4- and 8-weeks post-randomisation. Results: Engagement was good, only one person in each group did not use any modules; module completion was equivalent across conditions (6.67, SD = 3.22 and 6.18, SD = 3.42 respectively). Between baseline and post-intervention people in the GSH-AI condition showed an almost 3.5 times increase in preferring support to be received from AI versus other modes of support. Only 52 % and 22 % of participants completed 4- and 8-week post-randomisation surveys, with no differences in psychological outcomes between the PSH and GSH-AI groups. Main effects of time indicated moderate to large within-group effect size improvements for disordered eating, stress, anxiety, and perfectionism. Conclusions: Qualitative feedback indicated that AI was initially acceptable as a guide and became even more acceptable after it had been experienced. Fully powered trials are required to determine the impact of AI guidance on outcomes, and whether type of AI platform (customised versus generic) and type of mental health disorder interact with its effects.

The growing level of psychopathological symptoms among tertiary students is becoming a difficult phenomenon for institutions to manage. The present study aimed to analyze the complex associations of anxiety and somatization with predisposing personality traits, such as perfectionism, neuroticism, and type A behavior. The 248 university students (Mage = 24.4, SD = 5.45) recruited completed a state (the Symptom Questionnaire), stress (the P Stress Questionnaire), and personality (Cattell’s 16-Personality Factors Questionnaire) questionnaire. The results validated that perfectionism/self-control negatively predicted anxiety (β = -0.49, p

Since the launch of ALDinHE’s Health Community of Practice (CoP) in 2021, members have been sharing practice ideas and resources via monthly activities. One activity that stimulated particular interest related to the topic of psychological barriers to student learning (i.e. low confidence, anxiety, perfectionism and imposter syndrome) and how, as learning developers, we might address these. Although healthcare students may be particularly vulnerable to these kinds of issues (Bogardus et al., 2022), they are on the rise among all students (Curran and Hill, 2019). Therefore, it is pertinent to consider how they infiltrate learning development practice and how they can best be supported. The purpose of this workshop was firstly, to explore the professional boundary issues that this may raise, and secondly, to share and explore practice possibilities. This involved showcasing ideas from the aforementioned Health CoP activity and drawing on relevant research. In doing so, we aimed to open up a wider discussion about how learning development spaces can foster emotional growth and provide takeaways that participants can apply to their own practice.

Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent condition among the elderly, significantly contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease and related complications. This study examined how depression and perfectionism influence hypertension in older adults. It also explored how worry, tolerance for ambiguity, and problem-solving skills might influence this relationship. Methods: Researchers recruited 192 participants with hypertension from a health center in Khoy city, Urmia, Iran. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed depression, perfectionism, worry, ambiguity tolerance, and problem-solving skills. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data and identify relationships between these factors and hypertension. Results: Depression, perfectionism, worry, and ambiguity tolerance were all significantly associated with hypertension. Interestingly, problem-solving skills were not linked to blood pressure. Further analysis revealed that worry played a reinforcing role in the link between depression/perfectionism and hypertension, while ambiguity tolerance had a protective effect. In other words, higher worry levels strengthened the association between depression/perfectionism and high blood pressure, while greater tolerance for ambiguity lessened this association. Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional factors like worry and intolerance for ambiguity can significantly impact blood pressure in older adults. Therefore, managing these emotions alongside depression and perfectionistic tendencies may be crucial for controlling hypertension. Corresponding Author: Masood Ghorbanalipour View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Profile

Objectives. Perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty can be two elements that distort the optimal development of a child for his transformation into a successful adult. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, as well as establish the impact of parental support on them. Material and methods. This study was conducted on a sample of 247 respondents, 226 (91%) female, 20 (8%) male, and 1 respondent who did not state gender. The method used was the indirect survey, and the research instrument used was the questionnaire through which the three research variables were measured. Results were processed using statistical operations such as correlations, regressions, and ANOVA analysis of variance. Results. As the level of parental support decreases, the level of uncertainty intolerance increases (r = – .18, p = .006, p < .05). A significant effect of the respondent’s age on the level of intolerance uncertainty was established (F(6,81.84) = 2.96, p = .01, p < .05). As parental recognition of feelings decreases, intolerance of uncertainty increases. The performance induced by the parents is not associated with the level of perfectionism of the respondents. The increased level of intolerance of uncertainty was associated with an increased level of perfectionism (r = .35, p < .001). Conclusions. This study demonstrates the importance of parental support for reducing intolerance to uncertainty and, at the same time, for reducing the level of maladaptive perfectionism, according to which the young adult is constantly worried about aspects of life that cannot always be controlled.

Abstract Background This study explores the intricate web of symptoms experienced by academically gifted high school students, focusing on procrastination, rumination, perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility. The well-being of these gifted adolescents remains a pivotal concern, and understanding the dynamics of these symptoms is vital. Methods A diverse sample of 207 academically gifted high school students from Mashhad, Iran, participated in this study. Using convenience sampling, participants from grades 10, 11, and 12 were included, with detailed assessments conducted through questionnaires measuring the mentioned symptoms. Results Our network analysis uncovers compelling insights into the interplay of these symptoms: Procrastination, though moderately central, exerts significant influence within the network, underscoring its relevance. Cognitive flexibility, while centrally positioned, curiously exhibits a negative influence, potentially serving as a protective factor. Negative perfectionism emerges as the keystone symptom, with both high centrality and a positive influence. Rumination displays substantial centrality and a positive influence, indicating its role in symptom exacerbation. Positive perfectionism, moderately central, lacks direct influence on other symptoms. Conclusion This network analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the relationships among procrastination, rumination, perfectionism, and cognitive flexibility in academically gifted adolescents. Negative perfectionism and cognitive flexibility emerge as critical factors deserving attention in interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being of this unique group. Further research should explore causal relationships to refine targeted interventions.

This article examines the relationship between mindfulness and socially prescribed perfectionism with professional burnout among specialists in the information technology field in Moldova, with an emphasis on age and gender differences. The research group consisted of 120 IT professionals: 58% male and 42% female. The analysis showed that there is a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and professional burnout (correlation coefficient -0.649), indicating a decrease in burnout risk with increased levels of mindfulness. At the same time, socially prescribed perfectionism enhances professional burnout, with a positive correlation of 0.391, especially among young men. These results highlight the need to consider psychological factors when developing corporate well-being strategies.

Abstract Background Medical and health sector employees are always exposed to physical and psychological risk factors, which affects their personal, social and professional performance. It’s important to explores the intricate interplay between personality traits, stress levels, and psychosomatic symptoms among nurses as one of the most sensitive jobs in society. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigating the relationship between the personality traits of hardiness and perfectionism with stress and psychosomatic symptoms among nurses. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 nurses in Mazandaran, Iran in 2022–2023. The instruments utilized to collect data included four questionnaires, namely Cubasa Hardiness Questionnaire, Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire, Nursing Stress Questionnaire and Takata and Sakata Psychosomatic Questionnaire. The structural equations modeling was used for path analysis. All analyzes were done using SPSS V.25.0 and AMOS V.24.0 software. Results The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms and stress in nurses was high, and all path coefficients were significant, except for the paths of commitment to stress, challenge to psychosomatic symptoms, self-orientation to psychosomatic symptoms, and community-orientation to psychosomatic symptoms. The results showed that in the final model, the highest coefficient (0.807) is assigned to the other-oriented perfectionism path to psychosomatic symptoms. The weakest coefficient (-0.276) is related to the path of the hardiness component of the challenge to stress. The current research examined the fitting of the proposed model and the suitability of the proposed model was confirmed. Conclusion The results of the present study revealed that psychological factors such as personality traits of hardiness, and perfectionism are among the important and influencing parameters on occupational stress, and psychosomatic symptoms and as a result the efficiency and effectiveness of nurses in working environments. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to implement mitigating and control measures to reduce the mentioned risk factors among nurses in medical settings.

Abstract: Introduction: Against the backdrop of increasing body image concerns among men, the present study examined two factors that might underlie men’s baldness distress: rigid perfectionism and anxiety about physical aging. Methods: An international sample of 355 men with varying degrees of baldness and an age range of 19 to 64 years were surveyed. Results: As hypothesized, participants scoring high in rigid perfectionism showed higher levels of baldness distress. This association was partially mediated by anxiety about physical aging. The mediation was not further moderated by participants’ age, degree and duration of baldness, cultural context, or racial identity, which underlines the generalizability of results. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion centers around the partial rather than complete mediation by aging anxiety and implications of the findings for supporting balding men in the public health domain.

Kişinin içsel yolculuğunda derinleşen yetersizlik duygularına karşılık gelen mükemmeliyetçilik ve entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni başarının önündeki en büyük engeller arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, yükseköğretim kurumlarında görev yapmakta olan akademisyenlerden toplanan veriler üzerinden mükemmeliyetçi kişilik yapısının işyeri mutluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeninin rolü ortaya konulmuştur. Bu amaç doğrultusunda farklı anabilim dallarında uzmanlaşmış 433 akademisyene elektronik anket yöntemi aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin (DFA) uygulanmasında ve hipotezlerin test edilmesinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni mükemmeliyetçilikten pozitif yönde etkilenmekte, işyeri mutluluğunu ise negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Buna göre mükemmeliyetçi kişilik yapısına sahip olan akademisyenlerin entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomenini deneyimleme olasılıkları daha yüksektir ve bu durum da işyerindeki mutluluklarını azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca mükemmeliyetçiliğin alt boyutlarından olan tatminsizliğin işyeri mutluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde sahteliğin tam aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, kendi başarılarını içselleştiremeyen ve bir türlü kabul edemeyen yüksek başarılı kişilerde görülen entelektüel sahtekârlık fenomeni sürecini ortaya koyan bir model geliştirilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Geliştirilen bu model kapsamında ele alınan üç değişkenin bir arada incelendiği başka çalışmaya rastlanılmaması bu araştırmanın alanyazına önemli katkılar sağlayacağını düşündürtmektedir.

Abstract Background Despite the extensive literature on the association between perfectionism and disordered eating (DE), only scant attention has been given to the underlying processes that may mediate this relationship. The present study aimed to contribute to existing literature by investigating the direct and indirect relations between perfectionism and DE through obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and obsessive beliefs, among community adults from three different countries and cultural backgrounds (i.e. Poland, Italy and Lebanon). Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was carried-out among 977 community adults (77.1% females, mean age: 21.94 ± 3.14 years) using the snowball sampling technique. Results Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) symptoms and obsessive beliefs had a partial indirect effect in the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and disordered eating. Higher multidimensional perfectionism/obsessive beliefs were significantly associated with greater OCD symptoms and directly associated with higher DE scores. Finally, higher OCD symptoms were significantly linked to higher DE scores. Conclusion The preliminary results suggest that it would be helpful for clinicians to routinely include measures of perfectionism, OCD and obsessive beliefs when dealing with individuals who present DE problems. In addition, results hold promise for the combined use of perfectionism and OCD interventions as a potentially beneficial treatment option for DE concerns.

Abstract Objective Eating disorders (EDs) represent a rising global health concern. The current study takes a multivariate approach to examine psychological (i.e., perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity [AS], emotion dysregulation) and sociocultural factors (i.e., body dissatisfaction) that may relate to risk and resilience in EDs. Methods Participants were 698 undergraduate students (M age = 21, SD age = 4.02), mainly female (71%) and Hispanic (61.6%), who participated in an online survey assessing perfectionism, emotion dysregulation, AS, body dissatisfaction, and eating behaviors. Results The results from structural equation model analyses revealed differential associations with disordered eating (DE) outcomes. Self-oriented perfectionism and dysmorphic appearance concerns were associated with increased dieting/carb restriction, desire for thinness, and binging tendencies. Specifically, emotional nonacceptance and lack of emotional awareness showed associations with elevated risk for dieting/carb restriction and purging tendencies, respectively. Conversely, lack of emotional clarity showed a protective pathway to these risk behaviors. Anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns related to higher purging tendencies, while AS social concerns related to lower purging and binging tendencies. Discussion Findings highlight the differential pathways of psychosocial risk and resilience for EDs. Subscales of emotional dysregulation and AS showed risk as well as resilience associations with DE outcomes. This information is key for advancing transdiagnostic prevention and intervention to reduce the rising rates of EDs.

The study explores how different dimensions of perfectionism influence psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. Literature has deepened the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism (e.g., excessive self-criticism, perceived discrepancy from the standards) and low PWB. Less is known about whether and how adaptive perfectionism (e.g., pursuing personal standards) relates to PWB. Secondly, the study has investigated whether self-compassion (i.e., self-benevolence, seeing personal imperfections as a common condition) may mediate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and PWB. Participants (N = 217, 18–35 y. o.) completed self-report questionnaires measuring: adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, APS-R: high standards and order/discrepancy, respectively), PWB, and self-compassion (SCS). Adaptive perfectionism was associated with PWB, particularly a higher presence of purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. Conversely, discrepancy resulted in the most robust predictor of low PWB (β = −0.68), followed by high standards with a positive direction (β = 0.23; Rc2 = 0.514, p < 0.001). A strong negative association emerged between discrepancy and SCS (r = −0.67, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis shows that self-compassion has an indirect effect, reducing the strength of the relationship between discrepancy and low PWB. Results suggest focusing on self-compassion as a buffer factor that reduces the negative impact of maladaptive perfectionism on psychological well-being. Implications for education and health psychology are discussed.

The multidimensional nature and the psychological aspects of perfectionism suggest that creativity could be affected by the two sides of perfectionism differently. The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential predictive powers of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism on creativity. The study group consisted of 151 college students attending a university in İstanbul. The APS Perfectionism Scale and The Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale were administered to the participants as data collection tools. The findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between adaptive perfectionism and creativity. On the other hand, the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and creativity as well as the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and adaptive perfectionism is significant and negative. In the regression analysis it was found out that the adaptive perfectionism predicts creativity positively and significantly (ß=.40; p

Abstract Background Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnosis added to the DSM-5 characterized by pathological eating habits without body image disturbances. Previous findings demonstrated a general association between high levels of perfectionism and low levels of self-esteem in association with general eating disorders. However, research is scant when it comes to ARFID specifically. Subsequently, although self-esteem is seen to moderate the association between perfectionism and general eating disorders, this research study aims to explore the same moderation but with ARFID specifically. Methods For this study, 515 Lebanese adults from the general Lebanese population were recruited from all over Lebanon, 60.1% of which were females. The Arabic version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale– Short Form (BTPS-SF) was used to measure self-critical, rigid and narcissistic perfectionism; the Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder screen (NIAS) was used to score the ARFID variable; the Arabic-Single Item Self-Esteem (A-SISE) was the scale used to measure self-esteem. Results Across the different perfectionism types, self-esteem was seen to moderate the association between narcissistic perfectionism and ARFID (Beta = − 0.22; p =.006). At low (Beta = 0.77; p

Abstract Purpose Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic risk factor for eating disorders. Treating perfectionism can reduce symptoms of eating disorders. No research has examined an indicated prevention trial using internet-based Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Perfectionism (ICBT-P) in adolescent girls at elevated risk for eating disorders. Our aim was to conduct a preliminary feasibility trial using a co-designed ICBT-P intervention. It was hypothesised that a higher proportion of participants in the ICBT-P condition would achieve reliable and clinically significant change on perfectionism, eating disorders, anxiety and depression, compared to waitlist control. Methods Twenty-one adolescent girls with elevated symptoms of eating disorders (M age = 16.14 years) were randomised to a 4-week online feasibility trial of a co-designed ICBT-P prevention program or waitlist control. Qualitative surveys were used to gain participant perspectives. Results The ICBT-P condition had a higher proportion of participants achieve reliable change and classified as recovered on perfectionism and symptoms of eating disorders and anxiety, compared to waitlist control. Qualitative findings indicated that 100% of participants found the program helpful. Conclusion The results indicate ICBT-P is a feasible and acceptable program for adolescent girls with elevated eating disorder symptoms. Future research is required to examine outcomes in a randomised controlled trial. Level of evidence Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies. Trial registration number This trial was prospectively registered with Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000951954P) on 23/09/2020.

Background: The prevalence of imposter phenomenon (IP) is more among students, engineers, health-care-professionals, and researchers. Medical students are particularly predisposed to IP due to stressors like a highly competitive environment both preceding and during medical education. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to find out the prevalence of IP among undergraduate medical students of a Medical College of Eastern India and to elicit the relationship between background factors and IP. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty medical students were selected by stratified random sampling from all four semesters. Twenty point Clance IP scale was used to measure IP. It contains 20 questions, each of them having five options. A score between “60 and 80” indicates frequent imposter syndrome and a score higher than 80 indicates intense imposter feeling. After conducting descriptive analysis, ordinal logistic regression was conducted. Results: Among the study subjects 37.7% had frequent imposter feelings and 10.8% had intense imposter feelings. High level of IP (frequent and intense combined) is more common among second-semester students, females, middle class, those who sleep >56 h/week, who perceived their school performance was good, who have a family history of psychiatric illness, and who take some kind of chronic medication. As per Ordinal regression, second-semester, middle class, good school performance, and history of chronic medication were found to be significant predictors of higher degree IP. Conclusion: The prevalence of IP is alarming among medical students and it is high time to address this before it turns into graver psychiatric morbidity.

Backgrounds: Perfectionism is a multifaceted personality disposition characterized by striving for perfection, pursuing exceedingly high standards, and making highly critical self-evaluations. This disposition can impact mental and behavioral health and influence learning behavior in students. Perfectionism can foster a mastery orientation, where students commit to challenges and maintain confidence despite failures, or lead to learned helplessness, where students give up in the face of failure, attributing it to a lack of ability. Perfectionistic pressures from the environment, such as those perceived from teachers, may influence students’ personal perfectionism and learning behavior, and, in turn, their academic achievement. Methods: A structural equation modelling approach with latent variables was used to investigate the sequential mediating role of personal perfectionism (standard, order, and discrepancy) and learned helplessness/mastery orientation in the relationship between students’ perceptions of teacher perfectionism and their school achievements. We hypothesize that a mismatch between teachers’ expectations or evaluations and students’ actual performance (Teacher Discrepancy) may lead to students experiencing a gap between their self-perception and their actual abilities (Personal Discrepancy). This misalignment could result in feelings of helplessness and reduced achievement. On the other hand, if students perceive their teachers as having high standards and maintaining good order (adaptive perfectionism), this could encourage students to develop similar high standards and organizational skills (adaptive perfectionism), fostering a mastery-oriented mindset and ultimately enhancing their achievement. The study included 505 Italian high school students (Mage=16; SD =1.35). The instruments used were the Teacher Almost Perfect Scale, the Italian version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, and the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire. Results: The SEM analysis revealed significant indirect effects. From Teacher Standards to school achievement via Personal Standards and mastery orientation (β = .12, p ≤ .01); from Teacher Discrepancy to School Achievement via Personal Standards and mastery orientation (β = -.04, p ≤ .01); from Teacher Discrepancy to School Achievement via Personal Discrepancy and mastery orientation (β = -.04, p ≤ .01). Conclusions: The findings highlight the roles of personal perfectionism (standards and discrepancy) and learning behaviors (learned helplessness/mastery orientation) in mediating the relationship between students’ perceptions of their teachers’ perfectionism and their academic achievement. This suggests that both the positive and negative dimensions of perceived teacher perfectionism can significantly impact students’ learning outcomes, mediated through their own perfectionistic tendencies. This study extends knowledge of factors that can impact students’ mental health, with important practical implications for prevent internalizing psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety.

This qualitative study examined the experiences of early career language teachers in Iran, exploring the complex interplay between perfectionism, emotion regulation, and their implications for teacher well-being and retention. In this regard, through in-depth interviews with 15 participants, the study provided insights on how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism might affect teachers' sense of well-being. The study findings revealed that while self-oriented perfectionism was associated with a drive for professional growth and job satisfaction, socially prescribed perfectionism contributed to heightened stress and a contemplation of leaving the profession. The study also highlighted the pivotal role of emotion regulation strategies, particularly cognitive reappraisal, in dealing with the emotional demands of teaching, thereby supporting teachers' well-being. Findings also suggested that supportive work environments, opportunities for professional development, and a sense of autonomy are crucial for fostering teacher well-being and encouraging retention. Drawing on relevant theoretical literature, the research emphasizes that addressing the challenges of perfectionism through supportive organizational factors and effective emotion regulation can significantly enhance early career teachers' job satisfaction and commitment to the profession. In light of these findings, the study advocates for targeted interventions that promote a supportive teaching environment, focusing on the development of emotion regulation skills and reducing the pressures of socially prescribed perfectionism. By providing insights into the lived experiences of early career language teachers, this study contributes to our understanding of the factors that might influence teacher attrition, and underscores the importance of nurturing teacher well-being to ensure their retention in the educational sector.

IntroductionPediatricians in training are a population at risk for anxiety and depression: they face long working hours, they are confronted with the suffering and death of a vulnerable population and may have personal characteristics that put them in danger. Nonetheless, few studies have looked at their prevalence and associated factors. We aimed to compare demographic, professional activities, adversities and perfectionism personality features between a group of pediatricians in training with depression and/or anxiety and a group of pediatricians in training without depression nor anxiety and, to identify the variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety in pediatricians in training.MethodsPediatric residents who voluntarily answered an online survey distributed via personal and institutional social media channels from October 2019 to April 2021, as part of a cross-sectional study with medical specialists and residents from Mexico were included. Demographic information, professional activities and adversities, perfectionism personality features (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), depression and anxiety (ICD-11 PHC) were evaluated. For comparison purposes Chi-square tests (χ2) and independent sample t-tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify those variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety.Results934 pediatric residents answered the survey. 11.6% reported having depression and 20% anxiety. Being single, a history of anxious or depressive episodes, being the resident in charge of a patient who died, aggressions from colleagues and a high concern for errors were associated with current depression and/or anxiety.DiscussionScreening for depressive and anxious symptoms should be routinely performed from entry to the residency to favor early intervention. A shift from promoting perfectionism to a more compassionate training could serve a population facing so many adversities.

Background: Academic achievement anxiety as an educational problem affects all aspects of the educational system. This structure has become a global concern in current educational environments and has a significant scope in educational systems. The problem is that the relationships of various variables with academic achievement anxiety have been confirmed, but the relationships of variables such as perfectionism, spiritual intelligence and happiness have been neglected in the form of structural relationships, and there is a major research gap in this field. Aims: This study investigated the effect of perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety with the mediation of spiritual intelligence and happiness of Babol seminary students. Methods: Structural Equation Modeling was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. A total of seminary students (220 boys) were selected by convenience sampling. Perfectionism, Academic Achievement Anxiety, Academic Procrastination Scale (Solomon & Rohblum) Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness Questionnaires were used to collect data. The structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis using SPSS version 22 software at the statistical level of 0.05 Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that the data had an acceptable fit with the conceptual model and was confirmed. According to the structural model of the research, perfectionism had a significant effect on spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement anxiety, and spiritual intelligence, happiness had a significant effect on academic achievement anxiety. Also spiritual intelligence and happiness had mediator role in relationship between perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety. Conclusion: Therefore, to reduce academic achievement anxiety, interventions that guide students in the direction of knowledge, insight and change of attitude about their academic anxiety should be used.

Background/Aims: This study investigated whether the personality traits of endoscopists are associated with the effect of interventions for the improvement of colonoscopy quality. Methods : This prospective, multicenter, single-blind study was performed with 13 endoscopists in three health screening centers over a 12-month period. Quality indicators (QIs), including adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp detection rate (PDR), and withdrawal time, were measured every 3 months. Consecutive interventions for the improvement of colonoscopy quality were conducted every 3 months, which included the personal notification of QIs, the in-group notification of QIs, and finally a targeted “quality education” session. The personality traits of each endoscopist were evaluated for perfectionism, fear of negative evaluation, and cognitive flexibility after the last QI assessment. Results : A total of 4,095 colonoscopies were evaluated to measure the QIs of the individual endoscopists for 12 months. The mean ADR, PDR, and withdrawal time of the 13 endoscopists were 32.3%, 47.7%, and 394 seconds at baseline and increased to 39.0%, 55.1%, and 430 seconds by the end of the study (p=0.003, p=0.006, and p=0.004, respectively). Among the three interventions, only quality education significantly improved QIs: ADR, 36.0% to 39.0% (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.63). The improvement of ADR and PDR by education was significantly associated with perfectionism (r=0.617, p=0.033 and r=0.635, p=0.027, respectively) and fear of negative evaluation (r=0.704, p=0.011 and r=0.761, p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion : s: Education can improve colonoscopy quality, and its effect size is associated with an endoscopist’s personal traits such as perfectionism and fear of negative evaluation (Clinical-Trials.gov Registry NCT03796169).

Overactivity is a characteristic of individuals with chronic pain. Previous cross-sectional studies demonstrated a relationship between perfectionism and overactivity. Therefore, the present study used a longitudinal design to determine whether pain severity and pain interference were exacerbated by overactivity and whether overactivity was exacerbated by perfectionism.

Abstract Background There is a strong association between perfectionism and eating disorders. In a cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise it has been suggested there are reciprocal associations between perfectionism, eating disorder pathology, and compulsive exercise. No study has examined if there is an indirect association between perfectionism and compulsive exercise through eating disorder pathology, which would inform a preliminary understanding of the cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise. Methods The sample included 301 adolescent females diagnosed with eating disorders (age M = 14.89, SD = 0.85, range 13–17). We tested models of direct and indirect associations of compulsive exercise in the relationship between perfectionism and eating disorder pathology, and direct and indirect associations of eating disorder pathology in the relationship between compulsive exercise and perfectionism. Results Perfectionism was directly associated with eating disorder pathology and compulsive exercise. Perfectionism was indirectly associated with eating disorder pathology through compulsive exercise. Perfectionism also had an indirect association with compulsive exercise through eating disorder pathology. Discussion The findings suggest it would be useful for future prospective research to examine the cognitive–behavioural model of compulsive exercise in adolescents with eating disorders. Compulsive exercise and perfectionism may be useful targets for future research to improve eating disorder treatment. Level of evidence Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among students, which is influenced by many situational factors or personality traits. This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of academic procrastination based on self-handicapping and perfectionism with the mediating role of sense of competence. The correlational research method and the statistical population included all female students of the second secondary level of Iran, in the academic year of 2022-2023. A number of 350 students were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, and completed the academic procrastination scale; academic self-handicapping scale; perfectionism scale and Sense of Competence scale. The data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method in AMOS software version 24. Based on the obtained results, academic self-handicapping and academic perfectionism have a direct and negative effect on the sense of competence, and also, through the mediation of the sense of competence, on academic procrastination. The sense of competence has a direct negative effect on academic procrastination. According to the results, it is suggested that teachers prepare learning environments to reduce students' procrastination, which supports their sense of competence in academic matters by considering perfectionism and self-handicapping behaviors.IntroductionA particular type of negligence that is expressed in school situations and in relation to academic variables is called academic Procrastination. Individual differences based on personality traits are in general tendency to academic Procrastination studies (Wieland et al., 2021). Among these features, which may be related to academic Procrastination, are self- handicapping. Researchism suggests that there is a positive relationship between academic Procrastination and self- handicapping.It can also be said that one of the most common issues in the field of academic Procrastination is perfectionism (Naz et al., 2021). Frost and colleagues define perfectionism as a characteristic that includes very high personal standards and over -worry about performance quality and inability to withstand the possibility of failure (Frost and et al., 1999). Numerous studies have shown the relationship between perfectionism and academic Procrastination.In the relationship between variables, there are variables that can be influenced by the intensity of relationships; One of the variables that seems to be related to academic Procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism and self- handicapping is the sense of competence of learners because, according to self -determination and Ryan (SDT), students' active participation in learning and mastery. On school themes, it is rooted in meeting the basic psychological needs, such as merit (Deci & Ryan, 2000).By studying the theoretical foundations of this concept, it seems that perfectionism can affect students' sense of competence. Because perfectionist concerns can potentially impede academic achievement and academic failure experience (Madigan, 2019); Therefore, according to self -determining theory (SDT), when students experience more failure, they may have biased thoughts about themselves, often leading to less competence and inability to succeed (Raufelderet al, 2015).In addition, such a relationship can also be conceived for its two variables of academic self- handicapping. and a sense of competence. Because Ainn believes itself leads students' inability to create a set of barriers as a means of protecting self -efficacy that results in successful failure to perform tasks (Eyink, 2019).The prevalence of academic Procrastination indicates the need for systematic research to document the potential factors that lead to academic neglect and subsequently examine potential ways to reduce academic Procrastination (Zhou et al., 2021). Therefore, this study was aimed at providing the structural model of academic Procrastination based on perfectionism and academic self- handicapping with the intermediary role of sense of competence. MethodThe present study was correlated and the relationships between the proposed model structures were analyzed using structural equation modeling method in AMOS 24 software. The statistical population included all female students of the second secondary level of Iran in the academic year 2020-2021.The research tool included the following questionnaires: academic Procrastination Questionnaire:The questionnaire has been designed and developed by Solmun and Rabblum to measure the learners' Procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum,1984). The reliability coefficient of this questionnaire was obtained in Jafarzadeh, magnificent, Darwal (2021) research using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire of 0.798 . The validity of this questionnaire was also reported in Gastason and Mayaki (2017) research using the desired factor analysis method.Academic Self- handicapping Questionnaire: Academic self- handicapping Questionnaire has been built by Schuregger and & Stiensmeier-Pelster to measure academic self- handicapping (Schwinger & Stiensmeier-Pelster, 2011). This scale has 7 items with a five -point Likert scale (fully agree to fully disagree) that has a value of between 1 and 5.Perfectionism Questionnaire: The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was built in 1990 by Frost et al. Based on the multidimensional model of perfectionism, which included 35 items and 6 components, and Frost et al. Reported the internal identity coefficient for the entire questionnaire (Frost and et al., 1990). Sense of Competence Questionnaire: A sense of competence was made in 2015 by Javdan to measure the amount of competence of children and adolescents. The reliability of this scale was obtained using Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown formula, and Guttman's methods as 0.91, 0.89, and 0.88, respectively. The validity of the content has also been confirmed by experts (Javadan 2014). FindingsThe demographic distribution of the present study showed that the subjects were 346 secondary school female students whose minimum and maximum age was 16 and 19, respectively.To test the research model, path analysis was used by maximum probability method using AMOS software. After examining assumptions and ensuring they are to evaluate the intermediary role of competence in the relationship between self- handicapping and academic perfectionism by academic Procrastination. The path analysis was used. The results are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1: The relationship among academic self- handicapping and perfectionism with academic Procrastination: The mediating role of sense competenceTable 1 provides the model's fit indicators. The index of the Kai -based ratio of freedom (DF/χ2) was less than5, which means the model fited with the data. The original root error (RMSEA) was 0.78, smaller than the criterion (0.08). IFI, CFI, GFI and NFI indicators were also larger than the criterion (0.9). The estimated coefficients indicated acceptable model fit. Table 1: Good Indicators of the Test Pattern of ResearchRMSEAIFICFINFIGFI(DF/X2)Fit index0/9>0/9>0/9>0/9

Abstract Introduction Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among medical science students. This issue can negatively affect the students’ academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate perfectionism and anxiety as potential predictors of academic procrastination in medical and dental students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and dental students of a public medical sciences university in the south of Iran. Students were assessed using the procrastination assessment scale for students (PASS), Tehran multidimensional perfectionism scale (TMPS), and anxiety subscale of the general health questionnaire (GHQ). Predictors of academic procrastination were evaluated using multiple regression analysis with adjustments made for gender and academic semester. Results A total of 176 medical and 79 dental students participated in the study. None of the perfectionism components were predictors of academic procrastination. However, anxiety was a significant predictor of academic procrastination in the total sample of students (standardized β = 0.404, p

Abstract Background The study explores language acquisition in Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, where English proficiency is crucial for global opportunities. As China gains prominence, the demand for English skills rises beyond communication to include academic and business success. The Chinese education system emphasizes proficient English writing for further education and professional achievement. This research investigates the complex linguistic context for EFL learners in China, analyzing the intersection of psychological factors, cultural nuances, varied pedagogy, and individual experiences. Methods Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is utilized for analysis, enabling the creation of a metric set to explore intangibles such as perfectionism, learning self-efficacy, motivation, study habits, cultural influences, and introspection. The research utilizes a diverse sample from multiple universities across different regions of China, incorporating demographic factors to encompass the varied characteristics within the EFL learner community. Results Results reveal that perfectionism (β = 0.30, p

Perfectionism means setting very high and absolute standards and criteria in various areas of human life and action, defined on a predetermined path in order to achieve a certain goal. Moving on the path of mystical behavior requires adherence to certain rules and principles in order to achieve the necessary quality to reach extinction and absolute truth. Attar sets very high and difficult standards and expectations for the salik, and this situation extends to the salik's personal and social life as well. Anxiety and perfectionism have a two-way and mutual relationship, and their roots can be traced back to the poet's existential anxiety in dealing with the qualitative and abstract path of behavior. The anxiety resulting from decline, the inherent and omnipresent absoluteness of God, the failure of man to claim his place in heaven and the anxiety of dependence on the lowest possible point, are reflected in the realm of Attar's thought as an attempt to compensate to the maximum and restore the dignity of man. The main result of Attar's perfectionism is the binary thinking or the "all or nothing" that does not accept being in the middle of the path of the path and only accepts reaching the end of the path. Religious obsession or scrupulousness and emphasis on acts of worship that go beyond religious rules are other results of perfectionism. By narrating the story of the perfectionism of the mystics and Sufism, Attar recreates his original view on the quality of behavior and the way the salik moves.

Abstract Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (ON), a proposed disorder describing an obsessive focus on “healthy” eating, is characterised as having overlapping symptoms with obsessive–compulsive disorder. However, ON/obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom relationships are inconsistently reported. The current study aimed to investigate if the contribution of OC symptoms and beliefs explain variability in ON symptoms and determine if perfectionism, a transdiagnostic factor, moderates the ON/OC symptom relationship. Methods The study comprised 190 participants (M age = 28.63, SD age = 9.88; 80% female) recruited via an undergraduate research programme, social media, advocacy organisations, and a participant registry. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing ON, OC, and perfectionism symptoms. Results A linear regression analysis found OC symptoms and beliefs explained 22.9% variability in ON symptoms (p

Background: Adolescence is an important point in the emotional development of young people. It is a time when young people are characterised by a high degree of emotional instability and seek effective ways to regulate their emotions. One of the frequent methods they use to cope with emotional tension is self-injurious behaviour. Methods: In the context of the rising incidence of self-harm among adolescents, this study aims to understand the association of temperament with the experience of tension and self-injurious behaviour along with the mediating role of perfectionism among 366 adolescents aged 15 to 20 years (Mage = 17.98, SD = 1.302, 52.7% female). Participants completed questionnaires on temperament traits, level of perfectionism, and experience of tension and self-injurious behaviour. Results: The results show that traits such as perfectionism, sensory sensitivity and emotional reactivity increase the risk of self-injurious behaviour. Maladaptive perfectionism partially mediates the relationship between these traits and the tendency to experience emotional tension. A temperament profile with a protective role was also identified. Conclusions: The results of the study highlight the importance of innate traits as well as environmental and cognitive influences, and may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to self-injurious behaviour and strategies aimed at its prevention.

Background: Currently, there is great interest in analyzing perfectionism as a trait especially characteristic of people with high abilities (H.A.A.). However, the findings obtained are heterogeneous and inconclusive, which could be due to the multidimensional nature of this construct, which includes both Negative Perfectionism (NP) and Positive Perfectionism (PP). State of the art: The present systematic review aims to investigate whether perfectionism is a defining and exclusive characteristic of gifted students. According to the criteria of the PRISMA statement, ten publications were included. Conclusions: The results obtained were inconclusive, since in some papers significant differences in perfectionism were found between the AA.CC vs. non-gifted group, while in others no differences were found.

IntroductionIn general, increased levels of perfectionism have been associated with increased levels of burnout, heightened levels of depression and anxiety, lowered self-esteem, and poorer overall performance, yet perfectionistic strivings within athletes have also been associated with lower burnout and better performance in some contexts.MethodsThe current study investigated whether emotion regulation strategies would indirectly link perfectionism with self-esteem in young adults who had participated in competitive athletics. Two hundred and fifty-three primarily white (60.0 %), female (83.0 %) undergraduate students who had participated in competitive athletics completed a series of questionnaires including: the Self-liking and Self-Competence Scale – Revised, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the short form of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.ResultsThe PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the indirect association between perfectionism and self-esteem through emotion regulation. Higher self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were both indirectly associated with lower self-liking and self-competence through greater catastrophizing and self-blame.DiscussionFor individuals like athletes, who experience internal and external pressures, increased perfectionism may lead to negative self-views through maladaptive emotion regulation. However, longitudinal and experimental work is needed to establish this proposed pattern of relationships.

Internet technology has changed the way we interact, and online communication has become increasingly common. There is a need to know more about how individuals present and behave online. The study examined relationships between perfectionism (self-oriented, socially prescribed, other-oriented), online self-presentation types (idealised self, multiple selves and consistent self), cyberbullying experiences (victimisation and perpetration) and psychological outcomes (rumination and depressive symptoms). An online questionnaire measuring these variables was completed by 139 general population adults (91.2 % from the UK, 73 % female; age range 17–70 years; Mean = 33.32 SD = 13.76). Regression analysis showed a role of self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in idealised self and multiple selves online presentation. Further, self-presentation was related to individuals’ likelihood to engage in cyberbullying as a perpetrator. Finally, self-presentation and cyberbullying perpetration were predictive of rumination and depressive symptoms. The findings provide insight into adults’ online behaviour and related outcomes thus contributing to our understanding of the psychology within online interactions.

The association between parental burnout and perfectionism, and whether and to what extent it is mediated by self-compassion, in case of mothers of children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) were rarely investigated in the related literature. To fill the gap felt, the present study aimed at providing a model for self-compassion, parental burnout, and perfectionism. The participants were 305 mothers of children with SLD, from Hamedan province, Iran, who had been referred to the relevant treatment centers between 2020 and 2021. Selected through convenience sampling, they took part in the study by completing three questionnaires, i.e., Parental Burnout Assessment (Roskam et al., 2018), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991), and Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003). To fit the model, structural equation modelling was conducted in Amos v24 software. It was found that self-compassion mediates the negative relationship between parental burnout and perfectionism. It can be concluded that women during motherhood become emotionally vulnerable and are susceptible to face psychological challenges and such challenges can be exacerbated in the case of mothers of children with SLD or other learning disabilities.