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Abstract Locating bug code snippets (short for BugCode) has been a complex problem throughout the history of software security, mainly because the constraints that define BugCode are obscure and hard to summarize. Previously, security analysts attempted to define such constraints manually (e.g., limiting buffer size to detect overflow), but were limited to the types of BugCode. Recent researchers address this problem by extracting constraints from program documentation, which shows the potential for API misuse. But for bugs beyond the scope of API misuse, such an approach becomes less effective since the corresponding constraints are not defined in documents, not to mention the programs without documentation In this paper, inspired by the fact that expert programmers often correct the BugCode on open forums such as StackOverflow, we design an approach to automatically extract knowledge from StackOverflow and leverage it to detect BugCode. As we all know, the contexts in StackOverflow come from ordinary developers. Their writing tends to be loosely organized and in various styles, which are more challenging to analyze than program documentation. To address the challenges, we design a custom tokenization approach to segment sentences and employ sentiment analysis to find the Controversial Sentences (CSs) that typically contain the constraints we need for code analysis. Then we use constituency parsing to extract knowledge from CSs, which helps locate BugCode. We evaluated our system on 41,144 comments from the questions tagged with Java and Android. The results show that our approach achieves 95.5% precision in discovering CSs. We have discovered 276 pieces of BugCode proved to be true through manual validation including an assigned CVE. 89.3% of the discovered bugs remained in the current version of answers, which are unknown to users.

Los cambios vertiginosos que se producen en la sociedad actual y, como consecuencia de ello, en la educación, hacen que una revista profesional como NEXO, realizada desde la Dirección Provincial del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de Cantabria, pueda ser vista con una distancia temporal tal que sea factible encajarla dentro de la educación que ya es historia. El artículo resume, a grandes rasgos, lo que fue esa publicación, que vio la luz en 1994 y se editó hasta 1996, en el contexto educativo de la implantación de la LOGSE, con un amplio interés del profesorado por contar con materiales, experiencias y reflexiones sobre sus implicaciones educativas. Igualmente, se destaca la vinculación de la revista con los centros de profesores y con la, muchas veces desconocida, labor del profesorado en los centros y con otros aspectos relevantes del mundo de los docentes.