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Aldegondabreen is a relatively small (5.3 km2) land-terminating glacier located in Nordeskiöld Land of Svalbard, ~10 km southwest of Barentsburg. Cumulative mass balance during 2002–20 equalled −21.79 m w.e., which corresponds to 37% of the total mass loss. The annual mass balance (Ba) varied from −0.24 to −2.19 m w.e., while the winter mass balance (Bw) ranged between 0.36 and 0.85 m w.e. Ba and Bw were strongly correlated with the positive degree-day sums and solid precipitation amounts, respectively, measured at the Barentsburg weather station. There was also a strong correlation (r = 0.76) between Ba and Bw, which shows that winter accumulation amplifies the consecutive summer ice melt by changing the surface albedo. The trend in both observational series is not detectable because the period from 2005 to 2013 was characterized by relatively high Bw and not very negative Ba values. This was also observed on the other Svalbard glaciers, and was related to prevailing north-westerly flows over Svalbard during the summer. Therefore, the decadal periodicity of the Aldegondabreen mass balance follows general archipelago patterns that are determined by regional-scale factors. Thus, the surface mass-balance time series, which is now the longest one in the central part of the Spitsbergen Island, is representative for the archipelago.

В настоящей публикации суммируются материалы дискуссии о роли и специфике художественного перевода в современном мире, которая была проведена летом 2023 г. Участниками дискуссии выступили специалисты из Аргентины, Соединенного Королевства и России (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Екатеринбург) – все они являются действующими переводчиками, а также исследователями, преподавателями, редакторами переводов. Каждому из них были направлены вопросы, на которые они отвечали – именно их письменные ответы составили текст материала. Актуальность дискуссии обусловлена тем, что сегодня роль перевода возрастает, а теория перевода является одним из развивающихся направлений современного гуманитарного знания. В ходе обсуждения были затронуты такие актуальные проблемы теории перевода, как переводимость/непереводимость, дидактика перевода, надежность источниковой базы для перевода. Рассмотрен вопрос о роли новых переводов классических литературных произведений, ранние переводы которых уже вошли в принимающую культуру, и о переводах, сориентированных на разные группы читателей. Отдельного внимания заслуживают мнения участников дискуссии о личности переводчика, о том, что значит быть «хорошим переводчиком», и о требованиях, которые к нему предъявляются.

ABSTRACTThe first seven years (2013/14–2019/20) of annual and seasonal mass-balance monitoring on the glacier Vestre Grønfjordbreen (16.4 km2), located south of the town of Barentsburg on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, are presented. This part of the archipelago is one of the least glaciated on Svalbard and at the same time it experiences the most prominent glacier retreat within the last few decades. The annual mass balance of Vestre Grønfjordbreen is negative, ranging from −0.60 ± 0.18 to −2.01 ± 0.26 m w.e. The results of direct observations are compared with the geodetic mass balance for the same period (July 2015 through end of summer 2019) to identify systematic bias in the record. As the mismatch between cumulative mass balances, defined by the glaciological method (−5.66 ± 0.47 m w.e.) and computed from geodetic differencing (−5.52 ± 0.40 m w.e.), lies within the uncertainty limits, no calibration of the mass-balance series is needed. From the results of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey (spring 2019), which confirmed the polythermal glacier structure, a total glacier volume of 1.987 ± 0.139 km3 was found, meaning that the cumulative mass loss during the reported seven-year period equals 8 ± 1% of the total glacier mass. Observed annual ice-flow velocities, varying from 0.50 ± 0.10 to 4.50 ± 0.10 m year−1, are consistent with low mean bed and surface slopes (5° and 8°, respectively). Correlations of mass-balance values with meteorological observations at the Barentsburg weather station are mediocre, possibly due to anomalous values recorded for 2015/16: the negative mass-balance peak reported for the other land-terminating Svalbard glaciers was not observed at Vestre Grønfjordbreen.

A better training in psychotherapy is needed for psychiatry trainees. Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT) could be a good solution. Free and wide audience course like Massive Open Online course (MOOCs) increase dissemination and accessibility of the training. However, the engagement needs to be improved. A hybrid approach seems relevant with the MOOC as an incentive. Beyond the promotion of the topic, a MOOC can be a promotion tool for the provider. The economic model of the MOOC needed to be taken into account to allow sustainability. To explore these elements, we take into account a survey taken during the 1st European Psychiatric Association MOOC about CBT.

The study of influence of manganese (II) amount in a precursor of MnOх/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrocarbon deep oxidation is perspective for technologies of catalysts. The main aim of the study is to investigate the influence of Mn (II) amount in nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide - a precursor of MnOх/Al2O3 catalysts - on phase structure and regularities in deep oxidation of C1-C3-alkanes. The methods used in the study: chromatography, X-ray analysis. The results: The authors have synthesized nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), modified with different amounts of manganese ions (II), which is the precursor for methane deep oxidation catalysts. It was shown that the modified catalyst as full aluminum oxyhydroxide can work only in preliminary thermal activation at 850 °C. The paper demonstrates that the catalysts with 10,5 mas. % Mn (II) is more perspective as the catalyst of hydrocarbon deep oxidation in spite of the fact that methane oxidation speed on it is lower, than on the catalyst with 5,7 mas. % Mn (II). In comparison with the catalyst with 5,7 mas. % Mn (II) where aluminum oxide is in metastable form (σ-Al2O3) the catalyst with 10,5 mas. % Mn (II) contains in the structure thermodynamically and thermally stable phase α- Al2O3, that allows this catalyst to work over the entire temperature range of C1-C3 hydrocarbon oxidation.

The study of the nickel-containing systems obtained in various ways in hydrocarbon partial oxidation to synthesis gas is perspective for technology of catalysts. The main aim of the study: synthesis and comparison of nickel-containing block catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with the granulated catalytic systems. Key parameters are the size of crystallites of an active component and catalyst productivity on synthesis gas. The methods used in the study: chromatography, determination of specific surface area by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method, scanning electron microscopy, element analysis, X-ray phase analysis. The results: Nickel dispersion providing total catalytically active metal surface is of great importance for natural gas partial catalytic oxidation to obtain high yields of target products and synthesis gas productivity. For block catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis the influence of reactionary environment at high temperatures within 20-25 hours promotes the increase in the total area of Ni active component. That allows achieving synthesis gas productivity of 7,1-103 cm3 (synthesis gas)/cm3 (catalyst)⋅h. For the catalytic systems obtained by precipitation, it is shown that oxide phase chemical composition influences metal nickel particle size. For the granulated catalysts obtained by precipitation after the 25 hour operation, particle average size (on area of coherent dispersion) of metal nickel is 3-4,5 times less than Ni sizes in the catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. It allows achieving synthesis gas productivity of 8,1-103 cm3 /cm3 -h decreasing average temperature on a catalyst layer by ~ 100 °C in comparison with the blocks obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.

The one-step preparation of precursors for MnOx/Al2O3 catalytic systems for high*temperature incineration is a promising technology for the catalysts. The aim of the research is to establish the effect of manganese ions (II) concentration on catalytic properties of nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide, modified with manganese ion (II) at methane complete oxidation. Methods: photocolorimeter, chromatography, X-ray analysis. Results: The authors have synthesized nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), modified with different amounts of manganese ions (II), which is the precursor for methane deep oxidation catalysts. It was shown that the catalytic activity of the manganese-based system obtained depends on manganese amount and thermal activation conditions. It was ascertained that the most promising catalyst for methane high*temperature combustion is a system with manganese content in the precursor 5,7 wt. %. This catalyst does not change its phase composition during the operation; 50 % methane conversion is achieved at 530 °C, as compared with the system with manganese content in the precursor of 10,5 wt. %, where 50 % conversion is achieved at 680 °C. Use of the catalyst with manganese content of 5,7 wt. % allows you to run and to turn heat convectors autothermally when heating catalyst bed to 500…530 °C.

The study of influence of manganese (II) amount in a precursor of MnOх/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrocarbon deep oxidation is perspective for technologies of catalysts. The main aim of the study is to investigate the influence of Mn (II) amount in nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide - a precursor of MnOх/Al2O3 catalysts - on phase structure and regularities in deep oxidation of C1-C3-alkanes. The methods used in the study: chromatography, X-ray analysis. The results: The authors have synthesized nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), modified with different amounts of manganese ions (II), which is the precursor for methane deep oxidation catalysts. It was shown that the modified catalyst as full aluminum oxyhydroxide can work only in preliminary thermal activation at 850 °C. The paper demonstrates that the catalysts with 10,5 mas. % Mn (II) is more perspective as the catalyst of hydrocarbon deep oxidation in spite of the fact that methane oxidation speed on it is lower, than on the catalyst with 5,7 mas. % Mn (II). In comparison with the catalyst with 5,7 mas. % Mn (II) where aluminum oxide is in metastable form (σ-Al2O3) the catalyst with 10,5 mas. % Mn (II) contains in the structure thermodynamically and thermally stable phase α- Al2O3, that allows this catalyst to work over the entire temperature range of C1-C3 hydrocarbon oxidation.

The study of the nickel-containing systems obtained in various ways in hydrocarbon partial oxidation to synthesis gas is perspective for technology of catalysts. The main aim of the study: synthesis and comparison of nickel-containing block catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with the granulated catalytic systems. Key parameters are the size of crystallites of an active component and catalyst productivity on synthesis gas. The methods used in the study: chromatography, determination of specific surface area by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method, scanning electron microscopy, element analysis, X-ray phase analysis. The results: Nickel dispersion providing total catalytically active metal surface is of great importance for natural gas partial catalytic oxidation to obtain high yields of target products and synthesis gas productivity. For block catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis the influence of reactionary environment at high temperatures within 20-25 hours promotes the increase in the total area of Ni active component. That allows achieving synthesis gas productivity of 7,1-103 cm3 (synthesis gas)/cm3 (catalyst)⋅h. For the catalytic systems obtained by precipitation, it is shown that oxide phase chemical composition influences metal nickel particle size. For the granulated catalysts obtained by precipitation after the 25 hour operation, particle average size (on area of coherent dispersion) of metal nickel is 3-4,5 times less than Ni sizes in the catalysts obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. It allows achieving synthesis gas productivity of 8,1-103 cm3 /cm3 -h decreasing average temperature on a catalyst layer by ~ 100 °C in comparison with the blocks obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.

The one-step preparation of precursors for MnOx/Al2O3 catalytic systems for high*temperature incineration is a promising technology for the catalysts. The aim of the research is to establish the effect of manganese ions (II) concentration on catalytic properties of nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide, modified with manganese ion (II) at methane complete oxidation. Methods: photocolorimeter, chromatography, X-ray analysis. Results: The authors have synthesized nanofibrous aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), modified with different amounts of manganese ions (II), which is the precursor for methane deep oxidation catalysts. It was shown that the catalytic activity of the manganese-based system obtained depends on manganese amount and thermal activation conditions. It was ascertained that the most promising catalyst for methane high*temperature combustion is a system with manganese content in the precursor 5,7 wt. %. This catalyst does not change its phase composition during the operation; 50 % methane conversion is achieved at 530 °C, as compared with the system with manganese content in the precursor of 10,5 wt. %, where 50 % conversion is achieved at 680 °C. Use of the catalyst with manganese content of 5,7 wt. % allows you to run and to turn heat convectors autothermally when heating catalyst bed to 500…530 °C.

This article is devoted to Karen Hewitt, an Oxford lecturer and scholar in the field of English and Russian literature and comparative literary studies who became an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) for services to building academic and cultural understanding between the UK and Russia in 2014. Different aspects of her activities – teaching in Oxford and several Russian universities, research, editing and publishing, organising academic contacts – are aimed at bridging the two cultures and establishing academic collaboration between Russian and English scholars. Much attention is paid to Karen Hewitt’s project ‘Contemporary English Literature in Russian Universities’, run by her with the financial support of the Oxford-Russia Fund. The project has united representatives of more than 100 universities from Russia and Belarus.

Мифологизированный образ России в английской художественной литературе сформировался и постоянно используется в течение нескольких столетий. Традиционно Россия описывается как далекая, холодная, непредсказуемая и дикая страна. Цель данной статьи – продемонстрировать динамику нового дискурса, а именно дискурса русской культуры в английской литературе, который возник в начале XX в. и получил дальнейшее развитие в литературе конца ХХ – начала XXI в. Особо подчеркивается влияние трагической истории России ХХ в. на изменение модуса русской темы в английской литературе. Русская тема в современном английском романе впервые в отечественном литературоведении рассматривается на примере произведений трех английских писательниц: «Лунный тигр» Пенелопы Лайвли (1987), «Начало весны» Пенелопы Фицджеральд (1988), «Блокада» и «Измена» Хелен Данмор (2011). История России преломляется в этих романах в судьбах простых людей, образы которых создаются авторами с явным состраданием и симпатией. Рассматриваемые произведения ломают сложившийся в английской литературе стереотип, создавая новый дискурс сочувствия к Россиии трагическим судьбам русских людей в ХХ в.