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ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and validate an instrument for the classification of pregnant and postpartum women according to the demand for nursing care. Methods: a methodological study conducted in three stages: 1) construction of the instrument based on literature review; 2) content validation using the Delphi technique with 12 experts; and 3) Evaluation of the convergent construct validity through the correlation between the scores of the constructed instrument and the Fugulin instrument. Results: an instrument with ten indicators of specific care for pregnant and postpartum women was developed. A content validity index higher than 0.9 was obtained, requiring only one round of the Delphi technique. The Spearman coefficient was 0.64 between the instruments, indicating a strong correlation. Conclusions: the classification instrument specifically constructed for pregnant and postpartum women showed evidence of content validity and convergent construct validity with a widely used instrument in the national territory.

Abstract Background The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, in its opinion of the Committee on Midwifery Practice, points out that planned home birth is a woman's and family's right to experience, but also to choose and be informed about, their baby's place of birth. The aim of this study was to understand obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home childbirth care within the framework of the Brazilian obstetric model. Method A qualitative study, with Snowball Sampling recruitment, totaling 20 obstetric nurses through semi-structured interviews between September 2022 and January 2023, remotely, using the Google Meet application and the recording feature. After the data had been collected, the material was transcribed in full and subjected to content analysis in the thematic modality with the support of ATLAS.ti 8.0 software. Results Obstetric care at home emerged as a counterpoint to hospital care and the biomedical model, providing care at home based on scientific evidence and humanization, bringing qualified information as a facilitator of access and financial costs as an obstacle to effective home birth. Conclusion Understanding obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home birth care in the context of the Brazilian obstetric model shows the need for progress as a public policy and for strategies to ensure quality and regulation.

Postpartum Anxiety is a frequent phenomenon, since the puerperium is the period of greatest risk for the onset or worsening of anxiety. It is usually manifested by irritability, fatigue, concentration difficulties, tension and sleep disturbances. It can have consequences both for the woman and for her relationship with the baby and her partner, interfering with the quality of life and the future of the family. Objective: to identify the factors that relate to the anxiety levels of postpartum women during hospitalization in an obstetrics service. Methodology: this is a descriptive, correlational and analytical quantitative study, with the application of the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Supportive Hospital Environment Design Scale and the Maternal Self-Perceived Scale of Neonatal Care Skills. Participants were 85 postpartum women who were hospitalized in the obstetrics service, in a hospital in the northern region of Portugal. Results: Most mothers (51.8%) had no anxiety, 11.8% had non-pathological anxiety and 36.5% had pathological anxiety. Of the anxiety factors studied, a global relationship was established between the level of postpartum anxiety and the perception of neonatal care skills (p=0.00). Conclusion: The postpartum women showed greater anxiety in the Central Nervous System (CNS) dimension. A better perception of social support in the hospital environment reduces levels of maternal anxiety in different aspects. The higher the maternal self-perception of skills in caring for the baby, the lower the level of postpartum anxiety.

Summary: Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a scale for measuring the perinatal bereavement care competence of midwives and assess its psychometric properties. Methods: The Perinatal Bereavement Care Competence Scale was developed in four phases. (1) Item generation: 75 items were formulated based on a literature review and interviews with midwives. (2) Delphi expert consultation: 15 experts evaluated whether the items were clear/appropriate/relevant to the questionnaire dimensions, and the items were optimized. (3) Pilot test: The comprehensibility, acceptability, and time required to complete the questionnaire by midwives were assessed. (4) Evaluation of reliability and validity: The scale was validated by initial item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability. Results: The final scale consisted of six dimensions and 25 items: maintaining belief (three items), knowing (four items), being with (six items), preserving dignity (four items), enabling (five items), and self-adjustment (three items). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a six-factor structure that was consistent with the theoretical framework and explained 70.8% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the six-factor model. Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.931, and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.968. Conclusion: The Perinatal Bereavement Care Competence Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the competence of midwives in caring for bereaved parents who have experienced perinatal loss.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of women who opted for planned home birth in a city in the north of Santa Catarina and to present the main maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional research, with retrospective and documentary data collection carried out in 66 medical records of women who had planned home births from January 2012 to March 2020, in Joinville. The data were organized in tables and analyzed in a descriptive way. Results: The women who opted for planned home birth have a mean age of 31 years, are mostly white, married, with higher education, multiparous, planned pregnancy and performed prenatal care properly. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were positive, with low transfer rates, none being neonatal, and no cases of maternal morbidity. Conclusion: The evidence found proved to be satisfactory for the implementation of a new model of health care for women and children.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures used by obstetric nurses to relieve pain during labor. Methods: this is a systematic review of the databases carried out in the United States National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Heal Literature, Scopus, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, the descriptors were: labor pain, labor, obstetric and obstetric nursing. The search and selection followed the PRISMA recommendations, were carried out from August to September 2020, and randomized clinical trials were eligible and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 17 clinical trials made up the final sample, which highlight the use of non-pharmacological measures with diversified benefits for labor, namely: thermal therapy (20%); massage/sacral massage (15%); Swiss ball exercises (15%); acupressure (15%); auriculotherapy (10%); music therapy (10%); aromatherapy (5%); acupuncture (5%); and dance (5%). Conclusion: the non-pharmacological measures found in this review are efficient to promote pain reduction during labor, associated with a decrease in the use of drug interventions.

Objective: to identify the non-invasive technologies and care strategies used by obstetric nurses to encourage freedom of movement and positioning in the parturition process. Method: A descriptive and qualitative study, with 20 obstetric nurses working in public obstetric services in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. Data were collected from May to July 2021 through semi-structured interviews and submitted to thematic analysis. Results: the participants use the encouragement to ambulate and perform pelvic movements and squats, also suggesting specific positions, especially vertical ones. As strategies, they orient about the benefits of these technologies and respect the choice of the expectant women, interfering, however, in cases of obstetric complications. Conclusion: The incentive to freedom of movement and positioning in parturition happens with the offer of different non-invasive technologies in a care relationship with clarified and shared decision-making processes, which promote autonomy and ensure the right to safe and respectful assistance.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of breast shells in preventing pain and nipple injury during breastfeeding. Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was carried out with blinding to the evaluators of the study results. The study included women with ≥35 weeks of singleton pregnancy, no nipple changes, and a desire to breastfeed. Resulting in 62 lactating women. The experimental group used breast shells and health education with clinical demonstration (n = 29), whereas the control group used no breast shells (n = 33). Pain and nipple injury were assessed three times, twice prenatally and once up to 14 days postpartum. Results: Nipple injury (50.0%) and nipple pain (67.7%) presented with similar frequency in both groups (p = 1). Breast engorgement (35,5%) was associated with nipple pain (p = 0.019) and its onset was delayed in the experimental group (p = 0.001). Health education contributes to breast and nipple care and increases favorable breastfeeding patterns. Conclusion: Breast shells do not prevent nipple pain or injury. Innovation: As far as we know, this is the first clinical research evaluating the use of breast shells since the antenatal care to prevent the occurrence of nipple pain and injury.

Background and aims: Breastfeeding is important for preterm mothers and infants. However, evidence-based practice and standardized education remain inadequate. To implement evidence-based practice, continuous education is mandatory for nurse-midwives. We previously implemented our developed education program on early essential milk expression care for preterm mothers among Japanese nurse-midwives. Herein, we aimed to assess the effects of our education program on nurse-midwives' knowledge of milk expression care for preterm mothers in terms of changes in their correct answer rates for 20 specific knowledge items before and after the education program implementation. We also aimed to identify program-related issues from nurse-midwives' comments to improve the program. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of our previous data and surveyed the knowledge of 36 nurse-midwives who received a similar face-to-face education program on milk expression care for mothers three months before (Pre-1), just before (Pre-2), just after (Post-1), and three months after (Post-2) the program. We obtained their comments at Post-2 and identified issues for program improvement. Results: The knowledge items, in which the correct answer rates of Post-1 were significantly higher than those of Pre-2, were Verification of the motivation and intent, Benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants, Milk volume on the fourth day and at around the second week after birth, Lactogenesis stage 3, Autocrine control, Time between birth and the initiation of milk expression, Early initiation of milk expression, Frequent milk expression, and Duration of pumping. The issues identified were practical training, knowledge retention, and misunderstanding knowledge. Conclusions: Nurse-midwives' unacquired knowledge of milk expression care for preterm mothers was effectively supplemented by the education program. Pre-education knowledge items with low correct answer rates must be strengthened during in-service education. Practical training, knowledge retention, and misunderstanding knowledge can be improved.

Abstract Background Obstetric interventions performed during delivery do not reflect improvements in obstetric care. Several practices routinely performed during childbirth, without any scientific evidence or basis - such as Kristeller maneuver, routine episiotomy, and movement or feeding restriction - reflect a disrespectful assistance reality that, unfortunately, remains in place in Brazil. The aims of the current study are to assess the coexistence and prevalence of obstetric interventions in maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte City, based on the Grade of Membership (GoM) method, as well as to investigate sociodemographic and obstetric factors associated with coexistence profiles generated by it. Methods Observational study, based on a cross-sectional design, carried out with data deriving from the study “Nascer em Belo Horizonte: Inquérito sobre o Parto e Nascimento” (Born in Belo Horizonte: Survey on Childbirth and Birth). The herein investigated interventions comprised practices that are clearly useful and should be encouraged; practices that are clearly harmful or ineffective and should be eliminated; and practices that are inappropriately used, in contrast to the ones recommended by the World Health Organization. The analyzed interventions comprised: providing food to parturient women, allowing them to have freedom to move, use of partogram, adopting non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, enema, perineal shaving, lying patients down for delivery, Kristeller maneuver, amniotomy, oxytocin infusion, analgesia and episiotomy. The current study has used GoM to identify the coexistence of the adopted obstetric interventions. Variables such as age, schooling, skin color, primigravida, place-of–delivery financing, number of prenatal consultations, gestational age at delivery, presence of obstetric nurse at delivery time, paid work and presence of companion during delivery were taken into consideration at the time to build patients’ profile. Results Results have highlighted two antagonistic obstetric profiles, namely: profile 1 comprised parturient women who were offered diet, freedom to move, use of partogram, using non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, giving birth in lying position, patients who were not subjected to Kristeller maneuver, episiotomy or amniotomy, women did not receive oxytocin infusion, and analgesia using. Profile 2, in its turn, comprised parturient women who were not offered diet, who were not allowed to have freedom to move, as well as who did not use the partograph or who were subjected to non-pharmacological methods for pain relief. They were subjected to enema, perineal shaving, Kristeller maneuver, amniotomy and oxytocin infusion. In addition, they underwent analgesia and episiotomy. This outcome emphasizes the persistence of an obstetric care model that is not based on scientific evidence. Based on the analysis of factors that influenced the coexistence of obstetric interventions, the presence of obstetric nurses in the healthcare practice has reduced the likelihood of parturient women to belong to profile 2. In addition, childbirth events that took place in public institutions have reduced the likelihood of parturient women to belong to profile 2. Conclusion(s) Based on the analysis of factors that influenced the coexistence of obstetric interventions, financing the hospital for childbirth has increased the likelihood of parturient women to belong to profile 2. However, the likelihood of parturient women to belong to profile 2 has decreased when hospitals had an active obstetric nurse at the delivery room. The current study has contributed to discussions about obstetric interventions, as well as to improve childbirth assistance models. In addition, it has emphasized the need of developing strategies focused on adherence to, and implementation of, assistance models based on scientific evidence.

Objective: to understand the meanings of postpartum women about the educational practices developed in a Normal Birth Center. Method: descriptive-exploratory study, of qualitative approach, with 15 postpartum women assisted at the Haydeê Pereira Sena Normal Childbirth Center, in the metropolitan region of Pará, Brazil. Semi structured interviews were used from August to November 2020. Data were transcribed and submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: it was found that the activities developed by the nurse midwives promote a link to the visibility of the site as a service that seeks to welcome and support women, ensuring greater tranquility, confidence, and respect at the time of birth. Conclusion: the results translate the need to encourage educational practices to ensure rights and respect for women, such as quality assistance, a welcoming environment, aggregating tranquility, and confidence for normal birth. Thus, it contributes effectively to the practice of obstetric nursing with direct impact on the care of women and families.

Objective: to characterize the emergency care services offered in a habitual risk maternity hospital. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective research study, with analysis of the indicators corresponding to the emergency care services of a maternity hospital from a capital city in southern Brazil, from January 2018 to December 2019. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: of the 25,451 care visits, 24,307 corresponded to pregnant women, 944 were puerperal women, 119 had undergone miscarriages, 46 are not pregnant, and 35 cases were undefined. The mean number of visits per month was 1,060; with greater demand in the afternoon shift, in the age group between 20 and 29 years old, with a minimum of eight and a maximum of 61 years old; with third trimester of pregnancy and green urgency risk rating representing higher demand. The most frequently recorded reason to seek care was abdominal pain. Conclusion: the research contributed to understanding in which Health Care Network services communication should be strengthened, improved and maintained.

Abstract Background Although breastfeeding guidelines for infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have been introduced in Japan, these guidelines have not been reflected in practice. To improve this situation, it is important for nurses and nurse-midwives to acquire knowledge of appropriate care. This study examined changes in nurse-midwives’ knowledge, attitude, and implementation of appropriate care after implementing an education program focused on early essential care for breast milk expression among mothers of preterm infants. Methods This pre- and post-intervention study using a single group was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019 and enrolled 36 nurse-midwives in one perinatal medical center. The education program content included nurses’ roles in early essential care for milk expression and the necessary care to promoting breast milk production among mothers of preterm infants. The nurse-midwives’ knowledge and attitude on care were investigated 3 months before (pre-1), just before (pre-2), just after (post-1), and 3 months after (post-2) the program. The nurse-midwives’ care implementation was investigated at pre-1, pre-2, and post-2. During this time, 11 mothers (before: 7, after: 4) reported the status of milk expression for 10 days after birth. Results The mean knowledge scores of the nurse-midwives at post-1 and post-2 were significantly higher than that at pre-2 (post-1: p

Abstract Objectives: to understand the experiences of women from Brazilian northeastern semi-arid in accessing obstetric care. Methods: qualitative research conducted by the methodological framework of ethnonursing, carried out with 13 key informants in a public maternity hospital located in the Cariri region of Ceará in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid. The Observation-Participation-Reflection enablers was adopted for data collection, with observations recorded in a field diary and individual interviews, such as "tell me about". The immersion process in the field lasted five months. The empirical material was submitted to procedures of the data analysis guide for ethno-nursing. Results: from the patterns that emerged empirically, three cultural themes became evident: "It has to be delivered in the hands of God": discursive constructions about prenatal care; "We stay in this endless coming and going": antepartum pilgrimage; "If I were rich, I wouldn't be here": attention received in accessing maternity. Conclusions: in the cultural scenario analyzed, women were inserted in the context of clinical and social weaknesses, violation of rights and dignity, resorting to divine designs in the face of difficulties in accessing obstetric services and pilgrimage to guarantee consultations, exams, and hospitalization for childbirth.

Objective: to understand the meanings of experiences of women who have undergone natural childbirth. Methods: heideggerian qualitative phenomenological research with 14 women carried out through open audiorecorded interviews, transcribed and analyzed whose steps were the routing for constitution of units of meaning, understanding and hermeneutics. Results: most of them decided to give birth normally and this experience meant: having chosen and dreamed of natural birth because it was better, having planned to give birth, having known how the moment would be and that it was a great experience allied to the feeling of being more powerful and strong and that they would advise other women without any regrets. Despite the positive experience, many did not receive information about childbirth. Conclusion: the experience of natural birth proved to be authentic due to the women’s decision, with assertive reports, which is provided by quality assistance by obstetric nursing, active from prenatal to postpartum. Contributions to practice: reflection and strengthening of the obstetric nurse’s actions in this process, which goes from prenatal care to labor, childbirth, and puerperium, following the guidelines of good practice in women’s health care and public health policies.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with umbilical cord clamping in term newborns and to compare the recording of clamping time in the medical record with what was observed. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with 300 mothers-infants, in a university hospital. Clamping time and medical records were observed, and a structured questionnaire was applied to postpartum women for sociodemographic variables. Bivariate analysis, multivariate Poisson Regression model, and Kappa concordance test were performed. RESULTS: The percentage of late/optimal clamping observed was 53.7%. The associated factors were skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room (PR = 0.76; 0.61–0.95; p = 0.014), position of the newborn below the vaginal canal (PR = 2.6; CI95%: 1.66–4.07; p < 0.001), position of the newborn at the vaginal level (PR = 2.03; CI95%: 1.5–2.75; p < 0.001), and need for newborn resuscitation in the delivery room (PR = 1.42; CI95%; 1.16–1.73; p = 0.001). Kappa concordance level of the professionals, records compared to the observation was: nurse 0.47, obstetrician 0.59, and pediatrician 0.86. CONCLUSION: the identification of associated factors and the comparison between recording and observing the clamping time can help in the planning and implementation of improvements for adherence to good practices at birth.

Objective: to describe the experiences of pregnant women at advanced maternal age assisted in a private hospital. Methods: a qualitative study, carried out with 17 women, by means of semi-structured interviews via telephone. The data was submitted to Thematic Content Analysis. Results: the participants were between 35 and 40 years old. Two categories emerged: Experiencing pregnancy as a couple and family: the preparation of the couple for pregnancy and childbirth (Pregnancy after 35 years old as an element of potentiality; Change in the family routine for the baby’s arrival) and Experiencing pregnancy and its changes: perceiving pregnancy as a healthy and calm experience (Change in emotional patterns related to the pregnancy process). Conclusion: experiencing pregnancy late in life was not a concern for women. Maturity and favorable socioeconomic conditions may have a protective influence on the course of healthy pregnancies in women attending the private health service.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate a scenario for clinical simulation: prenatal nursing consultation for adolescents. Methods: methodological study developed from January to December 2019, in five stages (overview, scenario, scenario design, progression, debriefing and assessment). The validation involved four volunteer students, a teacher as a facilitator and four judges. The judges filled out a Likert scale with four responses. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel® software, version 2016. Absolute and relative frequencies and the content validity index were calculated, considering a minimum acceptable value of 1.0. Results: the preparation of the scenario was based on the proposed learning objectives. The scenario was validated with a global content validity index equal to 1.0. Final Considerations: the study achieved the proposed objective. This scenario can contribute to preparing nurses to work in the care of pregnant teenagers, a representative public in Brazil that requires specific care.

Objective: to analyze neonatal outcomes associated with obstetric interventions performed during labor in low-risk nulliparous women. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study of 534 low-risk nulliparous women. Results: interruption of skin-to-skin contact after delivery was shown to be associated with obstetric interventions such as cardiotocography at admission, oxytocin in labor, amniotomy, and episiotomy. The need for positive pressure ventilation and oxygen therapy was associated with the encouragement of the Valsalva maneuver; the performance of this maneuver was also associated with interventions such as amniotomy, episiotomy and directed pulling. Conclusion: the study showed that the use of obstetric interventions during labor in low-risk women is associated with unfavorable neonatal outcomes that lead to the need for further interventions after delivery.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors that influence the improvement of obstetric nurse care in the delivery process. Methods: Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted at a teaching maternity hospital located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil with 20 obstetric nurses from the Obstetric Center. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews between June and September 2017 and was then subjected to the Thematic-Categorical Content Analysis proposed by Franco. Results: Six categories emerged from the analysis, which presented factors that favor the improvement of obstetric care in the delivery process and factors unfavorable to this care. These factors address power and gender relations among health professionals; recognition of obstetric nurses; physical space and bed occupation; interaction between woman/ companion, among others. Final considerations: The factors indicated by obstetric nurses reveal the need for improvements in the working conditions by managers and changes of behavior and codes of conduct of health professionals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse the knowledge and use of perineal protection methods during the expulsive stage by health professionals involved in childbirth and whether they correspond to the World Health Organization’s recommendations. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at health workers involved in births in Spain. Results: Fifty-seven professionals participated in the study: midwives (47%), gynaecologists (25%), nurse residents (14%) and resident physicians (14%) in obstetrics and gynaecology. The degree of knowledge and use of perineal protection methods differed according to the position held and was very limited among gynaecologists and resident physicians. The only method recognized by all positions was “hands on” (p = 0.05). “Hands off ” (p = 0.002), “delayed pushing” (p = 0.0001) and “maternal posture” (p = 0.03) were only known to midwives and nurse residents. “Flexion technique” (p = 0.035) and “delayed pushing” (p = 0.011) were used effectively by midwives and nurse residents. “Episiotomy” was erroneously identified as a method to protect the perineum by gynaecologists and resident physicians (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The degree of knowledge and use of perineal protection methods by health care professionals does not correspond to the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate a classification of nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding, according to content and appearance. Methods: this is a methodological study, developed in four stages: operational definition, instrument construction, content and appearance validation. The Delphi technique and a Likert-type scale were used to validate content and appearance, through the participation of ten and sixteen judges, respectively. For analysis, Content Validity Index and Kappa Coefficient were applied. Results: Content Validity Index obtained an overall value of 0.93 and, for appearance, 0.94. Kappa values ranged between 0.46 and 1. The high rates of agreement among judges demonstrated the quality of the proposed content validity. Conclusions: the Nipple and Areola Complex Lesions Classification Instrument developed obtained acceptable values of its indexes, proving to be valid in terms of content and appearance.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the reasons for the prevalence of the technocratic model in obstetric care from the perspective of health professionals. Methods: Grounded Theory. Study approved by two Research Ethics Committees and conducted by theoretical sampling, from July 2015 to June 2017. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with health professionals from two maternity hospitals in the Southern Region of Brazil. Data collection and analysis was performed alternately; and analysis by open, axial, and selective coding/integration. Results: the technocratic model still persists because the assistance is performed in a mechanized way, centered on the professionals. There is a lack of systematization of care, and under-dimensioning of the nursing staff. Final Considerations: obstetric nurses need to review their performance in obstetric centers, the internal organization, the dimensioning of nursing professionals, and become protagonists of care. Investment in academic training/updating the knowledge of midwifery professionals, based on scientific evidence and user-centered care is necessary.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the representational contents of pregnant women living with HIV. Method: Exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study, conducted with pregnant women with HIV from August 2017 to January 2018. Semi-structured interview was opted for. The IRAMUTEQ software was used for analysis, organizing the data into 2 blocks: a) moment of discovery, impacts, representational contents of HIV; and b) representational contents in living with the disease. Results: The participating pregnant women amounted to 25. Initially, the social representation of HIV translated the representation of death; however, this construction changes as women understand information of the pathology, which starts to be seen as a disease which demands more care. Conclusion: The conception of HIV as frightful is mainly due to concern about transmission to the fetus. The resignification of HIV was perceived among pregnant women, which favors new behaviors and attitudes towards the representational contents related to a deeper knowledge about the virus, demystifying the idea that this is a deadly disease.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the effects of floral therapy in the face of factors that boost pain in the parturition process and its results in the duration of labor. Methods: this is a randomized, controlled and triple-blind clinical trial. We selected 164 pregnant women with gestational age ≥37 weeks, cervical dilation ≥4 cm, randomly divided into floral therapy and placebo group. Results: the Five Flower floral essence proved to be effective, considering the factors that boost pain in labor. Experimental Group did not show an increase in contractions, unlike Control Group, which presented an increase of one contraction for mothers in active phase and amniorrhexis. The Five Flower essence proved to be effective in reducing labor time by 1:30h from the beginning of the intervention at birth. Conclusions: floral therapy proved to be effective in pain management, reflecting positively in its brevity, qualifying its outcome.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with Apgar of 5 minutes less than 7 of newborns of women selected for care at the Center for Normal Birth (ANC). Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study with data from 9,135 newborns collected between July 2001 and December 2012. The analysis used absolute and relative frequency frequencies and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi-square test or the exact Fisher. Results: fifty-three newborns (0.6%) had Apgar less than 7 in the 5th minute. The multivariate analysis found a positive association between low Apgar and gestational age less than 37 weeks, gestational pathologies and intercurrences in labor. The presence of the companion was a protective factor. Conclusion: the Normal Birth Center is a viable option for newborns of low risk women as long as the protocol for screening low-risk women is followed.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the level of satisfaction with childbirth and the postpartum period. Method: This is a longitudinal, observational study. Clinical variables of the patients and delivery were collected, and a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. The validated state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the satisfaction survey Care in Obstetrics Measure For Testing Satisfaction Scale (COMFORTS) in Spanish were used. Results: A total of 381 women was included in the study and grouped into satisfied vs. dissatisfied (94.54% vs. 5.46%). Women having given birth by eutocic delivery (p = 0.005), as well as those who had skin-to-skin time with their newborn (p = 0.012) after delivery, report more satisfaction. Mothers who were separated from their babies reported being less satisfied (p = 0.004), as did those who did not meet the expectations raised in the birth plan (p = 0.013). All the women with minimal anxiety are satisfied (p = 0.004), the same happening for those showing postpartum anxiety (p

Objective: to assess the correlations between the patient safety culture, the missed Nursing care, and the reasons for the omission in the obstetric area. Method: a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2019, with 62 Nursing professionals working in the obstetric area of a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. The MISSCARE-Brasil and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instruments were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, means comparison test and Spearman correlation. Results: the overall mean of positive answers for the safety culture was 34.9 (± 17.4). The care of assessing the vital signs and monitoring capillary blood glucose were the most prioritized, with airway aspiration and oral hygiene being the most overlooked. The main reasons for the omissions refer to labor resources and to inadequate staffing. A significant and inversely proportional correlation was found between the patient safety culture and overlooked nursing care (r=-0.393). Conclusion: the safety culture of the obstetric area was assessed as fragile by the Nursing professionals. The more the safety culture is strengthened and the greater investment in labor and human resources, the less care is overlooked.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand how information about Planned Home Birth motivates or discourages women’s decisions on this location of birth. Method: Descriptive exploratory study, qualitative approach. Data collection carried out from February to April 2019, through semi-structured interviews with 14 women and documentary sources. The data were analyzed using Bardin’s content analysis process, with the help of ATLAS.ti 8.0. Results: The motivations for choosing Planned Home Birth are: respect for the autonomy and natural process of childbirth and delivery, support from a partner and trust in professionals. Aspects that discourage this choice are fear of complications, the need for a hospital medical structure, opinions that value risk. Conclusion: Women’s choices are based not only on information, but also on how that information is processed. This study demonstrated that the perception pertaining to the safety of Planned Home Birth is essential for making this decision.

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a scenario for clinical simulation in nursing education on the management of severe preeclampsia in the puerperium. Method: methodological study in five stages (overview, scenario, scenario design progression, debriefing and assessment), developed from March to December 2019, involving 10 volunteers (one professor, five actors and four judges). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Content Validation Index. Results: the scenario was built from the definition of learning objectives that meet the needs of nursing education. From the completion of a Likert scale, by the judges in on-site validation, a Content Validity Index of 1.0 was reached, which indicates 100% agreement in the assessed items. Conclusion: the scenario was validated. It is expected that teaching by simulation will be expanded and that new studies of scenario validation will contribute to the preparation of future nurses, based on the most recent scientific evidence.

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze available evidence related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vertical transmission. Methods: Scoping review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted in five electronic databases to find publications about coronavirus infection and vertical transmission. Data were extracted, analyzed and synthesized by three independent researchers using a descriptive approach. Results: The search resulted in 76 publications. After selective steps, 15 articles – retrospective descriptive or case studies – were analyzed, all in English. In order to track the infection, specimens were collected from neonates through nasal swabs and C-reactive protein from breast milk, cord blood, amniotic fluid, placenta and vaginal secretion was analyzed. A small percentage of neonates tested positive for COVID-19, but these cases were not attributed to vertical transmission. Conclusion: Vertical transmission could not be demonstrated. Research protocol registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fawmv).

Objective: to know nurse-midwives’ perceptions about factors related with the use of non-invasive care technologies in the care of high-risk parturient women. Methods: qualitative study, with 10 nurse-midwives from the obstetric center of a high-risk maternity hospital in a university hospital. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and subjected to content analysis. Results: prenatal care with a focus on female autonomy, the availability of specific materials and the sector’s infrastructure are facilitating factors. Work overload, the devaluation of nurse-midwives’ knowledge by some medical professionals and the lack of institutional support for teamwork are limiting factors. Conclusion: the factors referred to show the need to boost collaborative work in assisting high obstetric risk, encourage the use of non-invasive care technologies and improve nurses’ working conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of pain in puerperal women, describe the characteristics of pain and its impacts on the performance of daily life activities, and evaluate satisfaction with received analgesia. Method: Cross-sectional study which included women who had given birth. These were evaluated within 72 hours postpartum in a public teaching hospital in São Paulo city. Obstetric and clinical data were evaluated, as well as presence and characteristics of pain and its impact on daily activities. Results: A total 128 women participated in this study. The prevalence of pain was 36.7% during the interview and 54.6% in the previous 24 hours. The main pain site was the abdominal region (64.7%) and pain intensity was moderate to 48.9% of women, with intermittent frequency in 58% of the cases. There was a significant association between presence of pain and type of delivery (cesarean; p=0.030). Not being able to provide care to the newborn, requiring going to a different unit, increased pain perception (p=0.038). A significant impact of pain on the capacity of walking, eating, sleeping, taking care of the baby, evacuating, breathing deeply, breastfeeding, and sitting was verified. Conclusion: Pain was frequent during the postpartum period and significantly affected the mothers’ activities, indicating a need for improving pain management in puerperium.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify non-pharmacological therapies applied during pregnancy and labor. Method: Integrative review conducted in the databases: PubMed, ScieLO and PEDro, searching for articles from 2008 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The descriptors used were: pregnancy, childbirth, physiotherapy, alternative and complementary medicine, alternative therapy, non-pharmacological therapy, biomechanical therapy. Results: Forty-one articles were analyzed and subdivided into ten categories of nonpharmacological therapies: massage, perineal massage, hot bath, supportive care, childbirth preparation group, breathing techniques, pelvic floor exercises, transcutaneous electrostimulation, Swiss ball and spontaneous pushing. Six articles (60%) showed a positive outcome for reduction of pain in labor and all of them had a positive outcome for different variables of labor, such as reduction of time, anxiety and pelvic floor laceration rates. Conclusion: The use of non-pharmacological therapies was efficient to reduce the effects of labor and childbirth, such as pain, duration of labor, anxiety, laceration and episiotomy.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze how the nurse-midwives of maternity wards that were fields of practice for an improvement course in obstetrics have reorganized care in the context of labor and birth amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study carried out with nine nurse-midwives who are preceptors and collaborators in maternity wards that were fields of practice for an improvement course, between February and April 2020, through a semi-structured interview through WhatsApp®. Content analysis was used to treat the information. Results: the pandemic brought the need to reorganize work, with a focus on service training and maintenance of good practices in labor and birth, whose movement was intensely experienced, interfering in nurse-midwives’ mental health. Conclusion: nurse-midwives have faced the pandemic with concerns about maintaining safe care, focused on practices based on updated scientific evidence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the research “Born in Belo Horizonte: Labor and birth survey, “conducted with 577 women who had their children via vaginal birth. In order to verify the magnitude of the association between episiotomy and its possible determinants, logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds ratio. Results: Episiotomy was performed in 26.34% of women, and 59.21% knew they had been subjected to it. We observed that younger women, primiparous women, women assisted by a professional other than the obstetric nurse and women who had their babies in a private hospital have an increased chance of being submitted to this procedure. Conclusion: Considering the rates of episiotomy, this study highlights the need for the absolute contraindication to indiscriminate performing it.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy to breastfeed and sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables; between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and sociodemographic variables; and between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at the intervals of 30, 60, and 180 days postpartum. Method: a longitudinal and prospective study conducted with 224 women. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form, and a questionnaire on breastfeeding and child feeding were used for collecting the data. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were used for analysis. Results: there was no association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding identified at 30, 60, and 180 days. Self-efficacy was associated with the type of delivery and complications in the postpartum period. There was also an association between religion and exclusive breastfeeding 30 and 60 days postpartum, and assistance with baby care and exclusive breastfeeding at 60 days. Conclusion: It was identified that the type of delivery, complications in the postpartum period, religion, and assistance with baby care corroborate to increase maternal confidence in the ability to breastfeed.

Objective: to unveil nurses’ perceptions about humanized care in high-risk prenatal care. Methods: a qualitative study, with six nurses who worked in high-risk prenatal care. Data collection took place using semi-structured interviews. To analyze the results, the content analysis technique was used. Results: the adoption of humanized care consisted of actions related to user embracement, personalized care, dialogue with pregnant women and the establishment of a trustful relationship. The main humanization practices were guided visits to maternity hospitals; creating educational groups; the use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief during labor; and encouraging companion support. Conclusion: participating nurses understood the humanization concept and associated humanization practices to the embracement of pregnant women, guided visits, personalized care, guidance on the use of non-pharmacological methods and the promotion of connections with pregnant women.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and analyze the practices suggested in social media for the elaboration of Birth Plans, available on Blogs/Sites and not included in the WHO recommendations. Method: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study with thematic analysis. A total of 41 e-mail addresses were selected for analysis among the 200 web addresses previously identified between March and July 2016. Three web addresses were in Portugal and the others in Brazil. Results: 48 practices not included in the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) were identified. Conclusion: Blogs/Websites, as means of transmission, circulation and production of knowledge, enable the horizontal expression of values, encourage women to plan the events considered important for their deliveries and put childbirth decisions on the hands of women, which has caused controversy in the discourse of humanization of childbirth.

Objective: to assess the technical quality of a decision support system for reception and risk classification in obstetrics. Method: a methodological study of assessment of the system. 12 nurses and 11 information technology (IT) professionals were invited to evaluate the Obstetrics Reception and Risk Classification System (Sistema de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco em Obstetrícia, SACR-O). Based on the standards of the International Organization for Standardization, the minimum number of evaluators and the characteristics to be evaluated were established: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility, safety, maintainability, and portability. The characteristics assessed should be given a ≥70% positive assessment to be considered suitable. Results: the characteristics assessed by the nurses and the IT professionals, respectively, were considered adequate: Functional suitability (97% and 98%), Reliability (91% and 94%), Usability (89% and 93%), Performance efficiency (97% and 98%), Compatibility (93% and 100%), and System security (95% and 97%). Maintainability (87%) and Portability (97%) were also evaluated by IT professionals. Conclusion: the technical quality of the SACR-O system was considered excellent by nurses and IT professionals.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between gestational risk factors and type of delivery in high-risk pregnancies. Method: A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving a retrospective analysis of secondary data from 4,293 medical records of high-risk pregnant women. The primary outcome was composed of risks associated with cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion compared with normal delivery. Results: There were 3,448 women analyzed in the study. The primary outcome rates were cesarean delivery (72.8%), spontaneous abortion (0.9%) versus vaginal delivery (26.2%). Common risk factors for cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion were age ≥35 years (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7 / OR = 11.5; 95% CI 4.2-31.0), evangelical religion (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.7 / OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0-6.7), high blood pressure (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8 / OR = 74.9; 95% CI 13.7-410.2) and twinning (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.9-5.0 / OR = 68.6, 95% CI 9.7-487.7). Conclusion: Identifying the relationship of gestational risks with the type of delivery and abortion can contribute to developing strategies and assist in planning actions in women’s healthcare networks, developing specific and individualized lines of care for each gestational risk.

Synthetic oxytocin is a pharmacological method widely used to induce labor, when it does not occur physiologically due to some clinical or physical condition of the pregnant woman or the baby, but it happens that this drug can be used in an inadequate or unnecessary way during parturient care, and as a consequence, cause maternal and fetal problems. This study aims to know the maternal-fetal impacts resulting from the inadequate use of synthetic oxytocin in labor. This is an integrative review in SCIELO, VHL, LILACS, MEDLINE and ACADEMIC GOOGLE database, in English and Portuguese. Twelve articles published between 2010 and 2017 were selected. Synthetic oxytocin, when used improperly to induce labor, can cause serious maternal-fetal problems, such as: uterine hyperstimulation, uterine rupture, fetal distress, painful uterine contractions,hyponatremia, fetal hypoxia and acidemia, in addition to an increase inthe cesarean rate. Therefore, most of the time, these problems can occur due to the dosage of oxytocin and its infusion at the time of delivery, therefore, it is necessary to produce a standard protocol for careful evaluation of the pregnant woman, avoiding administration of oxytocin inadequate and unnecessary, improving care and providing safe delivery.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate an instrument for the classification of mother-baby binomials that subsidizes personnel Staffing in in-rooming units. Method: methodological study. The construction was based on theoretical and legal references. Content validity was performed by experts through the content validity index measurement. Then, the instrument was applied to a sample of 122 binomials, and exploratory factor analysis was performed using the principal components analysis. Results: the instrument consisted of seven care indicators: Birth route; Maternal morbidity; Neonatal morbidity; Breastfeeding; Social aggravating factors; Care guidance; and interaction and bonding. All with content validity index of 1. The construct was composed of 3 domains, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.62, 0.85 and 0.89. Conclusions: the classification instrument of mother-baby binomials allows the classification of mother-baby binomials and may support personnel Staffing in in-rooming units.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the interactions between nursing and hospitalized high-risk pregnant women regarding the possibilities and limits of providing care guided by the principle of comprehensiveness. Method: A qualitative study based on the conceptual framework of comprehensiveness and developed from the precepts of thematic content analysis. Data were collected through open interviews and observation of the care scenario of twelve nursing professionals with hospitalized high-risk pregnant women. Results: Twelve (12) nursing professionals participated in the study. Nursing practices are portrayed from two thematic categories: “Embracement: emotional and informational support” and “Assessing and monitoring gestational risk”. The findings revealed intentions to embrace women, providing informal and emotional support, but under weaknesses in intersubjective relationships. There is an emphasis on “technical success”, not always sufficiently articulated with “practical success” in care actions, with harm to achieving comprehensiveness. Conclusion: The findings revealed that an emphasis on the biomedical management of obstetric risk and structural and organizational limitations of work end up hindering incorporating into daily care the concerns and knowledge necessary for constructing its comprehensiveness.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of skin-to-skin contact (STSC) and breastfeeding (BF) stimulation, as well as the reasons for these practices not to be performed; to identify whether women were given information on these practices along the pre-natal monitoring. Method: A cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital with 586 women. Data collection was from February to September 2016. Data was collected from patient records and from a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Immediately after birth, 60.1% of the newborns (NBs) had STSC, and 44.9% were stimulated to suck at the breast. After primary care, 24.1% had STSC, and 69.3% were stimulated to suck at the breast; 47.7% of the newborns did not have STSC due to their unfavorable clinical conditions; 79.2% of the women were not able to inform the reason why BF was not stimulated; 58.5% of the women had pre-natal guidance about STSC, and 90.8% about BF. Conclusion: Both STSC and BF rates could be improved, in view of the benefits provided by these practices.

Abstract Objective: To characterize ethnographic research in the area of obstetric nursing regarding its theoretical, methodological and analytical aspects. Method: An integrative review performed in the MEDLINE®, LILACS, BDENF and CINAHL databases, as well as the SciELO virtual library. Results: Thirty (30) articles formed the analytical corpus after screening and reading the primary references in full. The most used methods were ethno-nursing, ethnography and institutional ethnography; the immersion time in the field ranged from 12 visits to 48 months occurring in institutional contexts. The main data collection techniques were observation, individual interviews and training guides for ethno-nursing. The data were organized as themes and subthemes, analyzed through the ethno-nursing analysis guide, implementing the Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care as theoretical reference. Conclusion: Ethnographic studies in the area of obstetric nursing are within the scope of microethnographies and are operationalized based on theoretical-methodological nursing references, being useful to analyze the complexity of phenomena involving obstetric nursing care, and focusing on the etic (professional) and emic (women) perspectives.

Abstract Objective: Identify the associations between perineal outcome in primiparas and interventions during labor and delivery, newborn weight and APGAR score. Method: Document-based, correlational, retrospective, quantitative study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in the state of Ceará, between July 2017 and January 2018. The independent variables were labor induction, amniotomy, non-pharmaceutical methods for relieving pain, forceps, episiotomy, Kristeller maneuver, position in the expulsion stage, shoulder dystocia, and newborn weight and APGAR score, and the dependent variable was perineal outcome. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: A total of 226 normal-risk primiparas who had a vaginal delivery. An association was found between horizontal position in the expulsion stage and episiotomy, and between not performing an episiotomy and perineal tearing. The other variables (labor, delivery and neonatal) did not have any effect on perineal tearing. Conclusion: Interventions, with the exception of episiotomies, did not have an influence on the occurrence of perineal trauma, but they do need to be carefully assessed. Deliveries in a horizontal position were associated with a higher likelihood of performing an episiotomy.

The objective in this study was to develop an integrative review to identify publications on moxibustion and acupuncture to turn fetuses in breech position. The research tool Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome, available through the database of the United States National Library of Medicine, was used to produce a list of articles. The words used for the search were: breech, moxibustion, acupuncture and cephalic. The search was undertaken in March 2016. Twenty-four registers were found, 18 of which were analyzed, seven of them favorable to the use of moxibustion and five unfavorable. Based on the studies developed on the theme, there is evidence that moxibustion is safe and effective to try and “correct” breech presentations, as a tool to complement the care midwifery professionals provide.

Objective: to evaluate the effects of educational video on the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women for active childbirth. Methods: a quasi-experimental study, developed in ten basic family health units, with 167 pregnant women in the last trimester, through a built and validated instrument to survey knowledge, attitude and practice. In the Intervention Group, the research was applied, accompanied by an educational session, with video exposure. For the Control Group, routine prenatal investigation and consultation were applied. Results: the Intervention Group presented greater adequacy in knowledge, attitude and practice, with significant statistics in all variables, highlighting the influence of educational video for active childbirth. Conclusion: the use of educational video stood out positively as educational technology for knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women in relation to active childbirth.

Objective: to understand the perceptions of nursing professionals regarding the humanization of childbirth. Methods: a qualitative research, developed with 20 nursing professionals from a university hospital. Data collected through a non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews, recorded audio, guided by the following question: how do you perceive the humanization of childbirth in your work context? The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to content analysis, thematic mode. Results: the following categories emerged: Characteristics attributed to the humanization of childbirth and Difficulties hindering humanization of childbirth. Conclusion: the professionals highlighted both the actions taken that reflect on the humanization of childbirth, and also the difficulties related to the structural and resource issues, that negatively reflect on the care quality provided, besides transferring the responsibility for improving the service, which belongs to everyone, not only to managers.