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Qiaoling Wei,1– 3,* Liangliang Niu,1– 3,* Xianjin Zhou,4 Han Chen,1,2 Rui Jiang1– 3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Ocular Trauma Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rui Jiang; Han Chen, Tel +86-21-64377134, Fax +86-21-6477134, Email 2jiang@163.com; avnus@163.comPurpose: To evaluate the effects of retinal surgery on the ocular surface and corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP).Methods: Ninety-eight patients undergoing 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for various vitreoretinal disorders were prospectively studied. We collected detailed operative and perioperative data, measuring dry eye syndrome (DED) severity and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores before surgery and at postoperative intervals. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) quantified SNP and dendritic cell (DC) densities.Results: Fifty-three patients were analyzed. Post-surgery, OSDI scores rose from a baseline of 5.5 ± 3.5 to 12.24 ± 6.5 at one month, later reducing to 7.8 ± 4.0 after a year. DED severity increased from 0.6 ± 0.6 initially to 1.6 ± 0.6 at three months, returning to near baseline (0.9 ± 0.6) one year after surgery. DC densities increased notably by the third (58.85 ± 75.6 cells/mm²) and ninth (59.95 ± 86 cells/mm²) postoperative months, especially in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification, vitrectomy, and C3F8 gas tamponade. SNP parameters, particularly nerve fiber density and length, showed significant declines one month post-surgery, not recovering to baseline levels within a year. Fiber density dropped from 19.06 ± 8.3 fibers/mm² preoperatively to 4.68 ± 4.8 fibers/mm² at one month, partially recovering to 10.64 ± 8.2 fibers/mm² at twelve months. Fiber length decreased from 13.31 ± 3.2 mm/mm² to 6.86 ± 3.4 mm/mm² at one month, later improving to 9.81 ± 4.5 mm/mm² at twelve months, notably in patients with silicone oil (SiO2) tamponade.Conclusion: Retinal surgery, especially when combined with phacoemulsification and C3F8 or SiO2 tamponade, significantly affects ocular surface integrity and SNP density, with these changes lasting up to a year. Expanded studies with more patients and longer follow-up, using finer 25- and 27-gauge vitrectomy tools, are recommended to confirm and extend these findings.Keywords: corneal subbasal nerve plexus, ocular surface, retinal surgical procedures, confocal microscopy, dry eye syndrome after vitrectomy, intraocular surgery

Jian Yu,1,2,* Huan Xu,1,2,* Jiaojiao Wei,1,2 Liangliang Niu,1,2 Haohao Zhu,1,3 Chunhui Jiang1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chunhui Jiang, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China, Email chhjiang70@163.com Haohao Zhu, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-64308151, Fax +86-21-64300477, Email haohao700315@163.comBackground: Bacterial endophthalmitis is an acute progressive visual threatening disease and one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide. Current treatments are unsatisfactory due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and the formation of biofilm.Purpose: The aim of our research was to construct a novel nano-delivery system with better antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects.Methods: This study developed a novel antibiotic nanoparticle delivery system (MXF@UiO-UBI-PEGTK), which is composed of (i) moxifloxacin (MXF)-loaded UiO-66 nanoparticle as the core, (ii) bacteria-targeting peptide ubiquicidin (UBI29-41) immobilized on UiO-66, and (iii) ROS-responsive poly (ethylene glycol)-thioketal (PEG-TK) as the surface shell. Then the important properties of the newly developed delivery system, including biocompatibility, toxicity, release percentage, thermal stability, ability of targeting bacteria, and synergistic antibacterial effects on bacterial biofilms and endophthalmitis, were evaluated.Results: In vitro, MXF@UiO-UBI-PEGTK exhibited significant antibiotic effects including the excellent antibiofilm property against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at high levels of ROS. Moreover, MXF@UiO-UBI-PEGTK demonstrated outstanding efficacy in treating bacterial endophthalmitis in vivo.Conclusion: This novel nanoparticle delivery system with ROS-responsive and bacteria-targeted properties promotes the precise and effective release of drugs and has significant potential for clinical application of treating bacterial endophthalmitis. Keywords: endophthalmitis, nanoparticles, bacterial biofilms, ROS-responsive, moxifloxacin

Lixia Niu, Zhiyuan Yang College of Business Management, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhiyuan Yang, College of Business Management, Liaoning Technical University, 188 Longwan South Street, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, 125105, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 186-9148-9190, Email 2412228407@qq.comPurpose: In the post-pandemic era, the employment environment in China has been worsening. New generation employees are faced with higher work requirements. Against the backdrop, the “involution” culture has been a mainstream culture of different walks of life. Pressure of competition brought about by “involution” has made overtime behaviors increasingly prevailing among new generation employees. In this background, this research discusses about the impact of organizational performance climate on new generation employees’ overtime behaviors as well as the role of job insecurity and perceived employability in the process.Patients and Methods: The data collection is conducted in the currently popular industries. Ultimately, 348 valid questionnaires are collected. Later, the regression analysis and bootstrap methods are used to test the theoretical hypotheses.Results: Organizational performance climate can promote new generation employees’ overtime behaviors; job insecurity plays a mediating role between organizational performance climate and new generation employees’ overtime behaviors; perceived employability can negatively moderate the correlation between job insecurity and overtime behaviors, and negatively moderate the mediating effect between performance climate and overtime behaviors.Conclusion: Based on conservation of resources theory, this research explains the new generation employees’ overtime behaviors formation mechanism under the “involution” culture in China. These results deepen the understanding of the overtime work mechanism according to characteristics of new generation employees and post-pandemic era, which can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for a reasonable control of employees’ overtime behaviors under the “involution” culture.Keywords: new generation employees, overtime behaviors, performance climate, perceived employability, job insecurity

Chenchen Zhang,1 Yuan Yin,1 Jing Zhao,1 Yanxia Li,1 Yuanping Wang,1 Zhaoying Zhang,1 Lingzhi Niu,2 Yajuan Zheng1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yajuan Zheng, Email zhengyajuan124@126.comAbstract: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is an ocular pathological change that results from an imbalance between angiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors as a result of various ocular insults, including infection, inflammation, hypoxia, trauma, corneal degeneration, and corneal transplantation. Current clinical strategies for the treatment of CNV include pharmacological treatment and surgical intervention. Despite some degree of success, the current treatment strategies are restricted by limited efficacy, adverse effects, and a short duration of action. Recently, gene-based antiangiogenic therapy has become an emerging strategy that has attracted considerable interest. However, potential complications with the use of viral vectors, such as potential genotoxicity resulting from long-term expression and nonspecific targeting, cannot be ignored. The use of ocular nanosystems (ONS) based on nanotechnology has emerged as a great advantage in ocular disease treatment during the last two decades. The potential functions of ONS range from nanocarriers, which deliver drugs and genes to target sites in the eye, to therapeutic agents themselves. Various preclinical studies conducted to date have demonstrated promising results of the use of ONS in the treatment of CNV. In this review, we provide an overview of CNV and its current therapeutic strategies and summarize the properties and applications of various ONS related to the treatment of CNV reported to date. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review of these considerable advances in ONS in the field of CNV therapy over the past two decades to fill the gaps in previous related reports. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future perspectives of the use of ONS in CNV therapy, with the goal of providing a theoretical contribution to facilitate future practical growth in the area.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: ocular nanosystems, nanocarriers, corneal neovascularization, drug delivery, gene therapy

Lixia Niu, Yong Liu College of Business Management, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao City, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lixia Niu; Yong Liu, Tel +86 13591994025 ; +86 18342962068, Email nlx8941@126.com; 2567420402@qq.comPurpose: To analyze the impact of leadership safety commitment on miners’ safety participation behavior and to explore the mediating effect of miners’ psychological safety and the moderating effect of perceived supervisor safety attitude (PSSA) and perceived coworker safety attitude (PCSA).Methods: A total of 1446 valid questionnaires were collected from miners working in state-owned mines in China from August to October 2019. A variety of scales were used to measure the variables, including “Our management has strict requirements for safe work when working backward”, “I made mistakes in the team, and other coworkers often have opinions about me”, “I will be regarded as a troublemaker if I raise safety issues”, “When we complete work safely, the supervisor is satisfied”, “My coworkers sometimes ignore safety rules”.Results: Leadership safety commitment has a significant positive effect on miners’ safety participation behavior; psychological safety of miners partially mediates the relationship between leadership safety commitment and the safety participation behavior of miners; and PSSA and PCSA moderate the intermediary effect of miners’ psychological safety on leadership safety commitment and miners’ safety participation behavior. When PSSA or PCSA is positive, the mediating effect of psychological safety is stronger.Conclusion: This paper analyzes miners’ safety participation behavior from the perspective of resilience and discusses the impact of leadership safety commitment on miners’ safety participation behavior. These offer theoretical guidance and inspiration for the management of organizations to enhance the positive effects of workplace leadership safety commitment and improve miners’ safety participation behavior.Keywords: leadership safety commitment, resilience safety participation behavior, psychological safety, perceived safety attitude, social information processing theory

Xinlin Xiong,1– 3 Zhenhua Luo,4,5 Haiyan Zhou,3 Zonggang Duan,1 Li Niu,3 Kai Zhang,1 Guangwei Huang,1 Wei Li1,3 1Clinical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Chengdu University Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China; 4NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Li, Email liwei249188@sina.comObjective: Little is currently known on the role of T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) expression in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TIGIT+Tregs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and alterations of TIGIT+Tregs in ACS patients.Methods: We enrolled 117 subjects, including 61 ACS patients, 26 chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients, and 30 control subjects without coronary artery disease. The quantification of TIGIT+Tregs was determined by flow cytometry; serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also measured.Results: TIGIT+Tregs expression was significantly lower in ACS patients compared with CCS and control patients (P< 0.05). The expression of TIGIT+Tregs was comparable in patients with and without traditional risk factors (P> 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that TIGIT+Tregs levels are independent predictors of ACS (P< 0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the expression levels of TIGIT+Tregs had a discriminative power for ACS (P< 0.01). IL-6 levels were increased (P< 0.01), while TGF-β was decreased in ACS patients compared with CCS and control patients (P< 0.01). Meanwhile, an inverse correlation between IL-6 and TIGIT+Tregs was observed (P< 0.01), while a positive correlation between TGF-β and TIGIT+Tregs was found (P< 0.05).Conclusion: TIGIT+Tregs levels are significantly reduced in ACS, accompanied by upregulated IL-6 and downregulated TGF-β expression. The downregulated TIGIT+Tregs are independent predictors of ACS. These findings suggest that TIGIT+Tregs may have an anti-inflammatory and protective effect on ACS, and its decreased expression may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.Keywords: T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, regulatory T cell, acute coronary syndrome, inflammation

Li Niu,&ast; Yan Liu,&ast; Xin Wang School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Wang Email wangxin0072@126.comBackground: Migrants are one of the most vulnerable populations facing many health issues. Inadequate health care access and unequal insurance are the most challenging. This study aimed to construct a nomogram to predict the risk of hospitalization forgone among internal migrants in China.Methods: We analyzed the 2014 Mobile Population Social Integration and Mental Health Survey (MPSIMHS) launched by National Health and Family Planning Commission. Using the Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling method (PPS), MPSIMHS sampled from eight cities (districts) with a total sample size of 15,999. Of total 589 patients who were diagnosed with hospitalization requirement, 116 forwent their hospitalization, 473 had no forgone. Demographics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was built and validated by applying bootstrap resampling.Results: After model selection, gender, age group, marital status, migration range, insurance (having NRMI), and self-evaluated health were chosen into the nomogram to predict the risk of hospitalization forgone. The nomogram that predicted the risk of hospitalization forgone was validated for discrimination and calibration using bootstrap resampling. The calibration curves illustrated optimal agreement between the actual and predicted probabilities of the nomogram. The value of C-index from bootstrap was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76– 0.85).Conclusion: This study identified some possible factors contributing to migrant’s hospitalization forgone: being single, male and middle-aged, having fixed health insurance, and having bad or great self-evaluated health. By integrating significant and easy-to-get prognostic factors, a nomogram was developed to estimate an individual patient’s risk of hospitalization forgone, which might have practical utility and the potential to assist clinicians in making hospitalization recommendations.Keywords: urbanization, internal migrant, hospitalization forgone, nomogram, China

Dan Wang,1 Feng Zhu,1 Shijun Xi,1 Lu Niu,1 Jacob Kraemer Tebes,2 Shuiyuan Xiao,1 Yu Yu1,2 1Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USACorrespondence: Yu YuDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Upper Mayuanlin Road 238, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-731-84805459; +86 1 203-745-9531Email yuyu2016@csu.edu; yu.yu@yale.eduIntroduction: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is one of the most widely used scales for social support. Although previous studies have shown good reliability and concurrent validity, conflicting evidence exists on its factor structures.Aim: To validate the MSPSS among caregivers of people with schizophrenia in China and assess its factor structure.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 449 family caregivers in 12 communities for psychometric testing, eg, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: The MSPSS showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95, good test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.91, and kappa ranging from 0.62 to 0.71. Concurrent validity was supported by its negative correlations with perceived stress, and significant positive correlations with caregiving rewarding feelings, family functioning, and coping. EFA yielded a two-factor structure (family vs non-family), while CFA generally supported a three-factor structure (family, friends, and significant others).Conclusion: Our findings show good psychometric properties of the MSPSS among caregivers of people with schizophrenia in China. EFA yields two-factor structure and CFA yields three factors consistent with the theory underlying the measure’s development.Keywords: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, reliability, validity, factor analysis, Chinese

Yang Liu,1 Bo Zhang,1 Wen-Bin Cao,1 Hai-Yan Wang,2 Lei Niu,3 Guo-Zhi Zhang1 1Department of General Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province 063000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The 982 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Tangshan City, Hebei Province 063000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangshan Hong Ci Hospital Co. Ltd, Tangshan City, Hebei Province 063000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guo-Zhi ZhangDepartment of General Surgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province 063000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15833471100Email myfypwly@163.comBackground: Colon cancer (CC) is a common digestive tract tumor, and the increase of new and dead patients every year still puzzles clinical workers. LncRNA eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript (EGOT), as a newly discovered long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is differentially expressed in other tumors, but there are fewer studies of it in colon cancer.Methods: The relative expression and diagnostic value of EGOT in CC were detected and analyzed by starBase online website and qRT-PCR. The patients were followed-up for five years, and Cox regression was used to analyze the independent prognostic factors of CC. The effects of EGOT overexpression (pcDNA-RGOT) on CC cell function were detected by CCK-8, transwell and flow cytometry. WB was applied to detect autophagy. The influence of knocking out EGOT (sh-EGOT) on tumor growth was observed by tumor allogeneic inhibition. The microRNA (miR) and mRNA in the downstream of EGOT were predicted and the ceRNA network map was drawn.Results: The online database and qRT-PCR detection showed that EGOT was highly expression in patients with CC and had good diagnostic value. The five-year survival rate of patients with high expression of EGOT decreased. EGOT and TNM staging were independent prognostic factors of patients with CC. Functional analysis revealed that the growth and invasion abilities of cells increased, and the apoptosis rate decreased after overexpression. Upregulation of EGOT inhibited autophagy of CC cells and promoted cell growth. However, the tumor in nude mice was significantly lessened after knockout of EGOT. Bioinformatic analysis showed that microRNA-33a-5p and microRNA-33b-5p had targeted binding sites with EGOT.Conclusion: EGOT is highly expressed in CC and has high diagnostic value. In addition, inhibition of EGOT can promote autophagy of CC cells and inhibit cell growth and metastasis, which is expected to be a potential therapeutic index.Keywords: LncRNA EGOT, colon cancer, diagnosis, autophagy

Lingxia Niu,1,* Chunlin Yao,1,* Yu Wang,1 Yan Sun,1 Juan Xu,2 Yun Lin,1 Shanglong Yao1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yun Lin; Shanglong YaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13986288403; +86 13886128437Fax +86 27 85726970Email franklinyun@hust.edu.cn; yaoshanglong@hust.edu.cnPurpose: This study examined whether different neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) work differently on the short-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients in terms of laboratory test results and severity of postoperative illness, and whether the effect is dose-related.Patients and Methods: Data of 1643 adult patients receiving gastric cancer surgery were analyzed by employing generalized linear models (GLMs), to explore the effects of different NMBAs on neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) at postoperative day 1 (POD1), POD3, POD7, and return to intended oncologic therapy (RIOT), among others. We adjusted multiple covariants, including patient-, anesthesia-, and surgical complexity-related risk factors.Results: Without adjusting dosage of NMBAs, POD1NLR, POD1PLR (P < 0.05), POD3NLR, POD7NLR, POD3 lymphocytes, POD7LMR (P < 0.01) in gastric cancer patients administered with benzylisoquinoline NMBAs worsened, and the administration of aminosteroidal NMBAs was associated with less risk of transfer to ICU (P < 0.01); without adjusting the types of NMBAs, the highest dose of NMBAs postponed the RIOT (P < 0.05) and was negatively associated with POD3NLR, POD7NLR and POD7LMR (P < 0.01), and increased risk of postoperative transfer to ICU (P < 0.01). When patients given benzylisoquinolines were re-divided in terms of five equal quintiles, from low to high dose, RIOT was delayed and POD7LMR decreased significantly in the fourth and fifth quintile groups as compared to the first quintile group. A higher risk for postoperative transfer to ICU was found in the fifth quintile group as compared to the first quintile group.Conclusion: Patients with gastric cancer given benzylisoquinoline NMBAs had more unfavorable short-term outcomes, such as more severe inflammation and increased risk of transfer to ICU than their counterparts administered aminosteroidal NMBAs, and the effect of benzylisoquinolines was dose-related. The effect of aminosteroids on short-term outcomes was not dose-related in the dosage range we used.Keywords: neuromuscular-blocking agents, benzylisoquinoline, aminosteroid, short-term postoperative outcomes, gastric cancer surgery

Gang Fang, Lizhi Niu, Jibing Chen Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jibing ChenFuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, No. 2 Of Tangdexi Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510665, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jibingchen398@163.comBackground and objective: When irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation of abdominal tumors, procedural hypertension often occurs, which often affects the progress of the ablation. Until now, there is no reasonable explanation for this phenomenon. The objective of this research was to explore the cause and solution of procedural hypertension in percutaneous IRE.Methods: In this study, the treatment data of 4 consecutive groups of patients were used to confirm the cause of intraoperative hypertension and then verify the solution. A total of 155 patients with procedural hypertension were screened based on their medical records of pancreatic or hepatic IRE treatment. Procedural hypertension was monitored in 21 new patients, the correlation between serum catecholamines and hypertension was recorded and evaluated using regression analysis. Forty new patients were divided into two groups (distance from needle tip to adrenal gland, < 2 cm vs ≥ 2 cm), and the blood pressure was recorded and compared with two-way ANOVA. Eleven patients with ablative distance < 2 cm were treated in advance with phentolamine to observe for the occurrence of procedural hypertension.Results: Of the 21 re-enrolled patients with ablation of the pancreas and liver tumors, 9 developed intraoperative hypertension with significantly elevated serum catecholamines levels, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are all positively associated with hypertension, with P values were 0.0003, 0.0253, and 0.0015, respectively. For the two groups with different needle-insertion distances, hypertension in the < 2 cm group was more significant than that in the other group (for procedural hypertension, P< 0.01; for heart rate, P< 0.05), which was considered as a high-risk group. The occurrence of intraoperative hypertension could be completely prevented by using phentolamine prior to treatment.Conclusion: Hypertension occurs frequently during hepatic and pancreatic IRE because of the damage of adrenal gland. The safe distance of ablation probe for the adrenal gland was 2 cm. For high-risk patients, early drug prevention works well. Keywords: irreversible electroporation, abdominal tumor, procedural hypertension, adrenal gland, catecholamine, risky distance

The purpose of this study was to select and propose an applicable method for extracting lead from sphalerite concentrate direct leaching residue. A large number of experiments were conducted to extract lead from sphalerite concentrate direct leaching residue by hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solution as leachates. The main optimum parameters were determined, such as a liquid-solid ratio of 17.5-1, a reaction temperature of 85°C, an initial hydrochloric acid concentration of 1.3 mol/L, an initial sodium chloride concentration of 300 g/L, and a reaction time of 60 min. Ninety-five percent of the zinc, 96.0% of the iron, and 93.7% of the lead were extracted into leachate at the optimum conditions. The lead in the leachate was in the form of [PbCl4]2-. After the leachate was purified to remove impurities, it was converted into lead oxalate by sodium oxalate as a precipitant. Finally, lead oxalate was decomposed to obtain lead oxide powders via a high-temperature calcination process.

Jing Qu,1 Weiwei Wang,1 Yanfei Feng,1 Longxing Niu,1 Mingzhong Li,1 Jicheng Yang,2 Yufeng Xie3 1National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People′s Republic of China; 2Cell and Molecular Biology Institute, College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People′s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People′s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingzhong LiNational Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-512-6706-1150Fax +86-512-6724-6786Email mzli@suda.edu.cnYufeng XieDepartment of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, People′s Republic of ChinaTel +86-512-6778-0645Email sdxyf@163.comIntroduction: Cancer gene therapy requires both effective tumor suppressor genes and safe vectors that express target genes efficiently. Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) inhibits tumor growth via multiple pathways. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) also has tumor-suppressive activity against a broad spectrum of human cancers. Adenovirus (Ad) vectors exhibit high infection efficiency, but potential toxicity related to high doses of adenovirus has led to careful reconsideration of their use in human clinical trials. Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) is a cytocompatible and biodegradable natural polymer, and it possesses Arg–Gly–Asp sequences exhibiting a high binding affinity and selectivity for αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin receptors, which are overexpressed in tumor vessels and most tumor cells.Methods: In this study, an Arg-Gly-Asp peptide-modified Ad vector coexpressing ING4 and IL-24 was constructed by homologous recombination of the dual gene coexpression transfer plasmid and RGD-modified pAdEasy-1 adenoviral backbone plasmid. The cationic ASF (CASF) was prepared by modifying ASF with low-molecular-weight PEI. The negatively charged Ad vector was modified with CASF to form a CASF/Ad complex.Results: Human hepatoma carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and normal hepatic L-02 cells were infected with the CASF/Ad complex, which showed significantly higher infection efficiency than the naked Ad. The CASF/Ad complex could effectively mediate the expression of the target gene ING4 in SMMC-7721 cells and the secretion of the target gene IL-24 from SMMC-7721 cells, thus inducing apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. The viability of SMMC-7721 and L-02 cells infected with the CASF/Ad complex was further assessed, and it was found that the growth of SMMC-7721 cells was significantly inhibited but that the growth and proliferation of L-02 cells were not affected.Conclusion: The CASF/Ad complex constructed in this study, showing improved infection efficiency and enhanced suppressive effects on human hepatoma carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, has the potential to reduce the dose of adenovirus and still maintain high infection efficiency and tumor inhibition.Keywords: silk fibroin, adenovirus, cationic modification, hepatoma carcinoma

Qian Liu,1 Wei Zhou,1,2 Lu Niu,3 Yu Yu,4 Lizhang Chen,1,2 Bihua Luo,5 Shuiyuan Xiao1,2 1Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Hospital Administration Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Division of Prevention and Community Research and the Consultation Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 5Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Zhou; Shuiyuan XiaoXiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, Hunan 410087, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/fax +86 731 8480 5459Email weizhou86@163.com; xiaosy@csu.edu.cnBackground: Patient expectations for health services refer to the anticipation or the belief about what should be encountered in the healthcare system. Understanding patient expectations can improve patient satisfaction and healthcare compliance. It is particularly important for patients with mental disorders, as greater healthcare compliance is required for them due to the chronic and relapsing nature of their diseases. However, little is known about expectations among Chinese patients with mental disorders.Objective: To examine expectations for healthcare among patients with mental disorders and to compare them with those of patients with chronic physical diseases.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among two inpatient groups, consecutively recruited from the Mental Health Department (MHD) and Endocrinology Department (ED) in one tertiary general hospital in Changsha, China. Patient expectations were measured by eight translated and modified vignettes of health system responsiveness. Group differences were compared using Chi-square tests for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and Z-test for expectation rating. Logistic regression was performed to test whether group differences of expectations remained statistically significant after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables.Results: Most patients from MHD rated scenarios in vignettes on communication, choice of provider, autonomy, and social support as “meeting expectations”, and rated scenarios in vignettes on prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, and quality of basic amenities as “below expectations”. In comparison, patients from MHD had similar expectations with their counterparts from ED, for prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, communication, choice of provider, and social support; however, patients from MHD had significantly lower expectations in quality of basic amenities and higher expectations in autonomy, after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical factors.Conclusion: Like their counterparts with physical diseases, patients with mental disorders also expect prompt attention, dignity, confidentiality, communication, choice of provider, and social support in their interaction with the healthcare system. Moreover, extra attention to autonomy is needed for patients with mental disorders to meet their expectations and improve patient satisfaction.Keywords: patient expectations, responsiveness, mental health, China

Yinian Zhang,1,2,* Hua-Teng Dong,3,* Lei Duan,1,2 Liang Niu,1,2 Guo-Qiang Yuan,1,2 Jun-Qiang Dai,1,2 Bo-Ru Hou,1,2 Ya-Wen Pan1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Neurology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objectives: Despite the availability of effective antiepileptic drugs, epileptic patients still suffer from intractable seizures and adverse events. Better control of both seizures and fewer side effects is needed in order to enhance the patient’s quality of life. We performed the present study with an attempt to explore the effect that HDAC4 gene silencing would have on epilepsy simulated by model rats. Furthermore, the study made additional analysis on the relativity of the HDAC4 gene in regard to its relationship with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling pathway. Materials and methods: Tremor rats were prepared in order to establish the epilepsy model. The rats would go on to be treated with si-HDAC4 in order to identify roles of the HDAC4 in levels of GABAARα1, GABAARα4, GAD65, GAT-1, and GAT-3. Finally, both electroencephalogram behavior and cognitive function of the rats following the treatment of si-HDAC4 were observed. Results: Levels of the GABAARα1 and GABAARα4 showed an evident increase, while GAD65, GAT-1, and GAT-3 displayed a decline in the epilepsy rats treated with the aforementioned si-HDAC4 when compared with the epilepsy rats. After injection of si-HDAC4, the epilepsy rats presented with a reduction in seizure degree, latency and duration of seizure, amount of scattered epileptic waves, and occurrence of epilepsy, with an improvement in their cognitive function. Conclusion: The study highlighted the role that HDAC4 gene silencing played in easing the cases of epilepsy found in the model rats. This was shown to have occurred through the upregulation of both GABAARα1 and GABAARα4 levels, as well as in the downregulation of GAD65, GAT-1, and GAT-3 levels. The evidence provided shows that the HDAC4 gene is likely to present as a new objective in further experimentation in the treatment of epilepsy. Keywords: epilepsy, HDAC4, gene silencing, GABA receptor, GABA transporter, seizures

The desulfurization process of lead and zinc slag is an important smelting process to obtain lead and zinc. The aim of this paper is to study the desulfurization process of high lead and zinc sulfide containing slag with oxygen blowing. The predominance area diagrams of the Pb-Zn-Fe-S-O system (Pb/(Fe+Pb+Zn)=0.176, Zn/(Fe+Pb+Zn)=0.56) at various temperature were thermodynamically constructed. The physical properties, the chemical composition and the phase transformation of the desulfurization slag were investigated. The thermodynamic results indicated that lead, zinc, and iron can be oxidized to form high lead and zinc slag. The experimental results illustrated that the sulfur content in the oxidation slag can be reduced to less than 1% as temperature increased up to 1573 K. The XRD analysis of as-quenched slag shows the PbS and ZnS phase decreased, while zincite and spinel phase (ZnxFe3-xO4+y) emerged and increased as the reaction time increased. The desulfurization process of molten slag were considered to be the first-order reaction and the apparent activation energy was estimated to be 44.46 kJ/mol. Under the experimental conditions, the mass transfer in the gas and liquid phase was likely to be the restrictive step.

Under the acidic conditions (pH 4.0), the addition of wheat oligopeptides (WOPs) (25~100 g/L) decreased the thermal stability of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs), but enhanced its antioxidant capacity, which increased with the rise of the additive amount. When the addition was 100 g/L, the DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and FRAP total antioxidant capacity of PSPAs solution after in vitro simulated digestion were increased by 1.5 times, 34 times and 34%, respectively. After storage at 37 ℃ and 45 ℃ for 7 d, the antioxidant capacity did not change significantly, and it had stronger biological activity and higher stability than those of PSPAs. UV and fluorescence spectra showed that PSPAs can affected the redshift of absorption peak and fluorescence quenching at specific wavelength of WOPs at experimental concentration, which proved the interaction between WOPs and PSPAs. It can be seen from the above that WOPs have the potential to be applied in the development of acidic PSPAs beverages.

Abstract Background TBX6, a member of the T-box gene family, encodes the transcription factor box 6 that is critical for somite segmentation in vertebrates. It is known that the compound heterozygosity of disruptive variants in trans with a common hypomorphic risk haplotype (T-C-A) in the TBX6 gene contribute to 10% of congenital scoliosis (CS) cases. The deletion of chromosome 17q12 is a rare cytogenetic abnormality, which often leads to renal cysts and diabetes mellitus. However, the affected individuals often exhibit clinical heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance. Methods We here present a Chinese fetus who was shown to have CS by ultrasound examination at 17 weeks of gestation. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to investigate the underlying genetic defects of the fetus. In vitro functional experiments, including western-blotting and luciferase transactivation assay, were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the novel variant of TBX6. Results WES revealed the fetus harbored a compound heterozygous variant of c.338_340del (p.Ile113del) and the common hypomorphic risk haplotype of the TBX6 gene. In vitro functional study showed the p.Ile113del variant had no impact on TBX6 expression, but almost led to complete loss of its transcriptional activity. In addition, we identified a 1.85 Mb deletion on 17q12 region in the fetus and the mother. Though there is currently no clinical phenotype associated with this copy number variation in the fetus, it can explain multiple renal cysts in the pregnant woman. Conclusions This study is the first to report a Chinese fetus with a single amino acid deletion variant and a T-C-A haplotype of TBX6. The clinical heterogeneity of 17q12 microdeletion poses significant challenges for prenatal genetic counseling. Our results once again suggest the complexity of prenatal genetic diagnosis.

The compound rotor system of a mechanically rectified permanent magnet generator is the key structure to realize the rectification function. The dynamics of the compound rotor system under bidirectional input conditions are studied to analyze the vibration deformation degree of each component of the rotor system and to ensure the uniform distribution of the shunt load of each planetary gear. In this paper, based on the theory of concentrated mass parameters, a dynamic model of the compound rotor system under the condition of bidirectional input is established. The model is solved with the Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. The dynamics of each component under the condition of bidirectional input are obtained. The results show that the oscillations of torsional displacement of each component of the compound rotor system are all about 25 μm, and the standard deviations of the meshing forces of each planetary shunt are all about 200 N during the two-way input, indicating that the vibration degree of the compound rotor system is similar; The load sharing coefficient of meshing forces decreases obviously with the increase of input torque and tends to be gentle when the torque reaches 500 N·m. Therefore, increasing the input torque can improve the dynamic meshing force and load sharing performance, so that the compound rotor system can obtain better dynamic performance under the bidirectional input condition. The research results are of great significance for the vibration and noise reduction and reliable operation of the permanent magnet generator.

[Objective] The Yangtze River is an important ecological security barrier in China. Analyzing the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services and the driving force of land use change in the Yangtze River Basin is conducive to the coordinated development of ecology and economy in the region. [Methods] Based on remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020, the RUSLE model and the InVEST model were used to calculate the amount of soil retention, water yield, and carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River Basin. The Sen trend method and hotspot analysis method were used to analyze changes in ecosystem services. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the tradeoff-synergy relationships between services, and the reasons for change in ecosystem services were analyzed from the perspective of land use change. [Results] (1) From 2000 to 2020, the trends of change of average annual soil retention, water yield, and carbon sequestration in the basin were about 1.75 t/(hm2·a), -1.33×103 m3/(km2·a), and 1.62 gC/(m2·a). Except for water yield, which showed a decreasing trend in some areas, other services showed an increasing trend in most areas. The overall area of ecosystem services hotspots was expanded, especially those dominated by carbon sequestration and water yield services. (2) Soil retention and water yield were mainly in an insignificant tradeoff relationship, soil retention and carbon sequestration were mainly in a significant synergistic relationship, and carbon sequestration and water yield were mainly in an insignificant synergistic relationship. (3) The conversion from cropland to forestland had a greater impact on soil conservation services, the conversion from cropland to grassland had a greater impact on carbon sequestration services, and the conversion from grassland to cropland had a greater impact on water yield services. (4) Soil retention, water yield, and carbon sequestration services tended to be synergistic when cropland was converted to forest and grass areas, and tended to be tradeoff when the forest and grass areas were turned to cropland. [Conclusion] The ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin have improved in general. The increase in forest and grass area in land use change had a positive effect on the improvement of ecosystem services and the coordinated development between services. The game between land development and ecological protection has led to dynamic changes in ecosystem services. Considering the importance of regional economic development, it is necessary to balance development and protection, and achieve green and sustainable development.

This study investigated the effect of carvacrol stress on the physiological characteristics and transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a common spoilage yeast in fruit and vegetable products. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol on S. cerevisiae was 160 mg/mL. With the increase in temperature (20–40 ℃), the inhibitory effect of carvacrol (160 mg/mL) on yeast growth gradually increased. Environmental pH (3–4.5) had no significant impact on the inhibitory effect of carvacrol. However, the addition of fructose (20–80 g/L) significantly reduced the antifungal activity. Carvacrol treatment damaged the structure of the cell envelope of S. cerevisiae, increased the plasma membrane permeability and caused plasma membrane depolarization, resulting in leakage of intracellular substances, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an imbalance in intracellular Ca2＋ homeostasis, and a decrease in intracellular ATP content. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that carvacrol stress inhibited the biosynthesis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, ATP synthase and mitochondrial ribosome (MR) proteins, which could block electron transport along the respiratory chain and interfere with life activities related to MR.

[Objective] This paper seeks to address shortcomings in the conventional structural design of welding torch nozzles, such as prolonged development cycles, high costs, and uncertainty regarding the efficacy of shielding gas fow field protection. [Methods] The fuid dynamics computational software Fluent was utilized for numerical simulations, concentrating on critical parameters like shielding gas fow rates, welding torch nozzle structures, and nozzle-to-bevel spacings. The simulation results were subsequently verified and analyzed through gas dyeing experiments and practical welding operations. [Results] In the gas metal arc welding(GMAW) process context involving narrowgap bevels, a shielding gas fow rate of 20 L/min yielded effective protection to pipes. The conical nozzle and the fat conical nozzle presented ideal results in which the fat conical nozzle structure helped the shielding gas fow field obtain minimal conicity and straighter fow, fostering stable welding conditions by efficiently resisting crosswind disturbances at lower fow rates. Ensuring a nozzle-to-bevel spacing of less than 15 mm produced a shielding gas fow field with enhanced protection. The subsequent gas dyeing experiment and welding operations mirrored the simulation results on the fow field and welding performance of the conical nozzle and fat conical nozzle, affirming the feasibility of simulation methods for optimizing shielding gas fow fields. [Conclusion] The study findings showcase the effectiveness of fuid dynamic computation simulation technology in optimizing the structural design of welding torch nozzles and accelerating the development cycles, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of shielding gas in the GMAW welding process with narrow-gap bevels, and enhancing the stability of welding quality.By emphasizing the important role of simulation in welding process improvement, this paper offers new insights and technical references for the structural design of welding torch nozzles and the regulation of shielding gas fow fields.

IntroductionNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment due to anthropogenic activities can significantly affect soil N transformations in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of N and P additions on nitrification and denitrification processes in Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations, and economically important forest type in China, remain poorly understood.MethodsThis study investigated the responses of soil nitrification and denitrification rates, as well as the abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers, to different levels of N and P additions in a 6-year nutrient addition experiment in a M. glyptostroboides plantation.ResultsStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify the main predictors of nitrification and denitrification rates. The results showed that moderate N addition (N2 treatment, 2.4 mol·m-2) stimulated nitrification rates and abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), while excessive N and P additions inhibited denitrification rates and reduced the abundance of nirS-type denitrifiers. AOB abundance was the main predictor of nitrification rates under N additions, whereas microbial biomass carbon and nirS gene abundance were the key factors controlling denitrification rates. Under P additions, tree growth parameters (diameter at breast height and crown base height) and AOB abundance were the primary predictors of nitrification and denitrification rates.DiscussionOur study reveals complex interactions among nutrient inputs, plant growth, soil properties, and microbial communities in regulating soil N transformations in plantation forests. This study also offers valuable insights for formulating effective nutrient management strategies to enhance the growth and health of M. glyptostroboides plantations under scenarios of increasing elevated nutrient deposition.

The isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) from Achyranthes bidentata roots have profound theoretical and practical implications in ecological agriculture, particularly as bio-inoculants to address challenges associated with continuous monoculture. Our research revealed a significant increase in the abundance of these beneficial bacteria in A. bidentata rhizosphere soil under prolonged monoculture conditions, as shown by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, we isolated 563 strains of endophytic bacteria from A. bidentata roots. Functional characterization highlighted diverse plant growth-promoting traits among these bacteria, including the secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranging from 68.01 to 73.25 mg/L, phosphorus and potassium solubilization capacities, and antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi (21.54%−50.81%). Through 16S rDNA sequencing, we identified nine strains exhibiting biocontrol and growth-promoting potential. Introduction of a synthetic microbial consortium (SMC) in pot experiments significantly increased root biomass by 48.19% in A. bidentata and 27.01% in replanted Rehmannia glutinosa. These findings provide innovative insights and strategies for addressing continuous cropping challenges, highlighting the practical promise of PGPEB from A. bidentata in ecological agriculture to overcome replanting obstacles for non-host plants like R. glutinosa, thereby promoting robust growth in medicinal plants.

The spatial pattern of leaf stoichiometry is critical in predicting plant palatability and ecosystem productivity and nutrient cycling rates and thus is a major focus of community ecological research. Coastal wetlands as vital blue carbon ecosystems, with high possibility to be vulnerable to plant invasion, studies focused on stoichiometry and its pattern are important to unveil the elements cycling process. However, previous studies have mainly focused on stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems, there are few studies conducted on coastal wetland ecosystems, especially the studies that compare leaf stoichiometry between native and non-native plants in coastal wetlands. In this study, we compared the latitudinal patterns of leaf nutrient contents and their stoichiometric ratios between native and non-native plant species across coastal wetland ecosystems and investigated whether leaf stoichiometric patterns were driven by climatic factors. We used a compiled global data set of 954 records to conduct a systematic meta-analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in latitudinal patterns of leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and C:N ratio between native and non-native species, as well as significant differences in leaf C, N, and phosphorus (P) contents. For native species, we found significant latitudinal patterns in leaf C, N, and P contents and C:N and C:P ratios, whereas for non-native species, we found significant latitudinal patterns in leaf N content and C:P and N:P ratios. Mean annual temperature of the data collection site was a significant predictor of leaf stoichiometry of native plants but only of leaf N content and C:P ratio of non-native plants. Thus, we demonstrated spatial heterogeneity in leaf stoichiometries between native and non-native plants in coastal wetlands, indicating that such differences should be emphasized in future biogeochemical models and plant-herbivore interaction studies owing to the important role of wetland plants in global C, N, and P cycles. Our findings increase understanding of plant-related nutrient and elements cycling in coastal wetlands, as well as improve predictions of plant growth rates and vegetation productivity across large scales under plant invasion scenarios.

China is one of the countries with the fastest growing prevalence of diabetes in the world, and also has the largest number of people with diabetes. The "Health China 2030" plan clearly proposes to further prevent and control major diseases, implement diabetes prevention and control, and guide patients with diabetes to strengthen health management and delay or prevent the development of diabetes. In the past 20 years, value co-creation theory has been well developed in the field of health services, and different countries (regions) have explored programs to prevent and control diabetes at low cost and high effectiveness, but it is currently lacking in the field of chronic disease management in China. Based on the perspective of value co-creation, this paper further summarizes the domestic and international experience of chronic disease management taking community as the research and analysis point, proposes the prospect from four aspects of active health, organizational guidance, digital technology, and incentive assessment, which provides references for optimizing and improving the service system of diabetes management at primary health care, establishing a model of collaborative participation of multiple subjects in community chronic disease management based on value co-creation, and realizing co-creation, co-management and sharing of chronic disease management.

Abstract Purpose of the study The goal behind this study is to answer the question “In tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs), does the digital impression techniques compared to fabrications using conventional impression methods improve the marginal and internal fit? Background The incorporation of digital technology in the fabrication of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) has accelerated over the past decade. This study is directed at evaluating the marginal and internal fit of FPDs manufactured using digital approaches compared to conventional techniques. The need for updated data has encouraged this review. Materials and methods An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Grey Database to identify relevant studies. The Modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the risk of bias in in vitro experiments. The key results of this meta-analysis were the standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each main variance, marginal fit, and internal fit between the digital and conventional techniques. Additional analyses were performed to assess the significance of three subgroup parameters: method of digitalization, cement spacer thickness, and span length, and their influence on the fit of the FPDs. Results Based on predefined criteria, of the seven articles included in this systematic review, only five were selected for the quantitative data analysis. The marginal fit results were (P = 0.06; SMD: -1.88; 95% CI: − 3.88, 0.11) (P > 0.05) and the internal fit results were (P = 0.02; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.10) (P

Periodontitis is a widespread disease worldwide, with the primary cause of tissue loss being an immune inflammatory response mediated by bacteria. Increasing evidence has revealed a significant correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and the occurrence and progression of periodontitis. This paper provides a review of current research on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the occurrence and development of periodontitis and related therapies from the perspectives of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondria are the main source and target of cellular reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction can generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species, exacerbating local oxidative stress in periodontal tissues and causing cell toxicity and tissue damage. Mitochondria are also the center of cellular inflammatory responses, and the positive feedback loop of inflammation induced by mitochondrial dysfunction may explain the persistent and unresolved nature of periodontitis. Biomaterials loaded with pharmacological agents show potential in restoring mitochondrial function, controlling the development of periodontitis, and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. However, the key sites of mitochondrial dysfunction in the occurrence and development of periodontitis are not yet fully understood, and the improvement of mitochondrial function in periodontal therapy is still in the experimental stage. Future research efforts should focus on the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on periodontal cells and explore its specific mechanism in the occurrence and progression of periodontitis in order to provide new insights into the treatment of periodontitis.

Objective The polishing effects of different compositions of chairside polishing systems on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were compared to provide a reference for the rational selection of polishing systems for this material in clinical settings. Methods A total of 108 specimens were made from ShushijieTMPEEK crown and bridge materials, Bio-PAEK® dental PEEK, and BioHPP® PEEK. Thirty-six specimens of each material were randomly divided into 6 groups on average based on their polishing technique: OptiDisc®, Super-Snap® Rainbow Technique Kit, VITA ENAMIC®Clinical Polishing Set, Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System, Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers, and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit, LavaTM Ultimate ceramic and VITA ENAMIC ceramics were set as the control groups, and 6 specimens were made in each material, polished by Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System and VITA ENAMIC® Polishing Set clinical, respectively, according to the manufacturers’ suggestions. The surface roughness (Ra value and Sa value) and gloss of each set were measured. The surface morphologies of the polished specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results Surface roughness (Ra value and Sa value) and gloss were mainly influenced by the type of polishing system, and they varied between PEEK material types. The Sof-LexTM Diamond Polishing System produced the highest surface roughness and the lowest gloss values for PEEK materials, while the Super-Snap® Rainbow Technique Kit, Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit resulted in low surface roughness values. The Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers and CERAMAGE Polishing Kit exhibited high gloss values. Polishing paste particles were observed embedded on the surfaces of the PEEK materials polished by the Visio.lign Finishing Kit for Composite Veneers; the surfaces of specimens polished by the CERAMAGE Polishing Kit were smooth, without polishing paste particle residue. Using the same polishing system, the best polishing results were obtained with BioHPP® among the PEEK materials tested. The surface roughness values of the three tested PEEK materials polished by the CERAMAGE Polishing Kit were similar to those of the LavaTM Ultimate ceramic and VITA ENAMIC ceramic, but the gloss was higher than that of both. Conclusion CERAMAGE Polishing Kit was recommended for polishing all three tested PEEK materials, achieving a good polishing effect, with similar surface roughness and higher gloss characteristics comparable to those of polished computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-matrix ceramics.

Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs neonatal weight and causes multiple organ dysplasia. IUGR not only threatens human health but is also a significant constraint to the development of animal husbandry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IUGR remains to be further elucidated. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNAs) is a regulative non-coding RNA, which has recently been reported to correlate with the onset and progression of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the tsRNAs expression profiles of IUGR pigs. A tsRNAs dataset for multiple organs in normal and IUGR pigs was generated, including muscle, liver, spleen and intestine. We further analyzed the characteristics of tsRNAs in different organs of pigs, and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to investigate possible pathways involved. This dataset will provide valuable information for further exploring the molecular mechanism of IUGR formation.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the microbial contamination status in frozen surimi-based products.MethodsA total of 4 516 frozen fish mince products were collected nationwide and tested for Listeria monocytogenes， Vibrio parahaemolyticus， Yersinia enterocolitica， and diarrheogenic Escherichia coli according to the test method in the National Standard for Microbiology Inspection of Food.ResultsThe detection rates were as follows： Listeria monocytogenes， 6.02% （272/4 516）； Vibrio parahemolyticus， 0.84% （38/4 516）； Yersinia enterocolitica， 0.84% （38/4 516）； and diarrheogenic Escherichia coli at 0.91% （41/4 516）. The contamination of Listeria monocytogenes was more prominent among the four foodborne pathogens， and the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in samples with different origins was quite different. Except for Vibrio parahaemolyticus， the detection rates of the other three foodborne pathogens in bulk samples were higher than those in the prepackaged samples.ConclusionPathogenic bacterial contamination was observed in commercial frozen surimi products. Paying attention to the food safety risk caused by this kind of food is necessary.

Abstract Background Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a RASopathy subtype that presents with unique craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatologic abnormalities, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. This study describes the phenotypic spectrum of CFC in China and its association with CFC syndrome gene variants. Results Twenty Chinese CFC patients, aged 0.6–9.5 years old, were included in this study and their clinical phenotypic spectrum was compared with that of 186 patients with CFC from non-Chinese ethnicities. All 20 Chinese patients with CFC carried de novo heterozygous BRAF, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 variants. Two novel variants were detected and consistently predicted to be deleterious using bioinformatic tools. The clinical features of CFC in the Chinese patients included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2/20, 10%), pulmonary valve stenosis (2/20, 10%), curly or sparse hair (7/20, 35%), epilepsy (1/20, 5%), and hypotonia (10/20, 50%); these features were less frequently observed in Chinese patients than non-Chinese patients (p

The rapid development of augmented reality technology and the widespread popularization of devices have caused changes in traditional interaction methods. An iterative, interactive learning model based on online interactive learning theory and supported by augmented reality technology is proposed in this paper. Based on this, the study constructs a machine learning-based teaching interaction analysis process model, which ranks the features according to the SHAP value in order to select the best learning interaction behavioral features for studying the teaching effect of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and uses XGBoost to train the sampled behavioral data. Finally, a teaching experiment was carried out with the compulsory public course of Ideological and Moral Cultivation and the Foundation of Law in College X to verify the teaching effect of the model and the impact of each learning interaction behavior on students. The results show that from the beginning to the end of the semester, the student activity rate increased from 0.0520 to 0.0785, the teacher-student behavioral transition rate increased from 0.0054 to 0.1101, and the learner interaction rate also increased from 0.0088 to 0.0637. It indicates that the teaching course of ideological and political education in colleges and universities has become more effective and appealing in the augmented reality iterative interactive learning environment.

Addressing the trade-off between operational efficiency and localization accuracy in visual SLAM, this paper introduces a monocular visual-inertial SLAM algorithm that integrates point and line features. To construct the point-line reprojection error and optimize the observation volume in front-end vision initialization, the motion recovery structure method (SFM) is employed through 3D reconstruction with a sliding window. The marginalization method uses the removed keyframe information as a priori constraint for nonlinear optimization in the back-end. In addition, the loopback detection algorithm is optimized in combination with the bag-of-words model and four-degree-of-freedom global bitmap to improve the accuracy of dynamic object detection, and the performance of the algorithm is tested. The results show that in the case of no closed loop, the absolute root mean square error of the algorithm proposed in this paper is lower than that of VINS-Mono (0.0625), PL-VIO (0.0401), and PL-VINS (0.0554) for the majority of sequences. In the case of closed loops, the absolute root mean square error of the proposed algorithm in this paper is reduced by 0.0395 and 0.0139 on average over most sequences compared to VINS-Mono and PL-VINS. The proposed algorithm in this paper demonstrates higher accuracy and robustness for improved detection and tracking of dynamic objects.

This paper proposes an innovative management optimization method for the challenges facing the management of industrial enterprises in the context of the current rapid development of the industrial economy. The article combines human factors engineering and lean production theory to optimize the management efficiency and effectiveness of industrial enterprises. Considering the complexity of industrial environments, a personnel identification system and a tracking system are constructed in the study to achieve more effective staff management. To comprehensively assess the management effectiveness, the article combines the fuzzy synthesis method to build an evaluation model for the management effectiveness of industrial enterprises. The empirical study shows that the optimization method significantly improves the productivity: the working hours are reduced from 210 hours to 150 hours, the torso rotational and bending forces are reduced by about 54% and 45%, respectively, and the troops on each joint are reduced by about 59% on average. The overall optimization of the model has an affiliation value of 0.53, indicating that the management effect is evaluated as good. The data fully proved the effectiveness of the management optimization method for industrial enterprises proposed in this paper in increasing productivity and improving working conditions.

Based on the method of cognitive mapping, this paper systematically organizes the evolution of Yuzhong dialect vocabulary in different historical stages, revealing its important role in the evolution of the Chinese language. The global statistical information of the corpus is utilized to train the word vectors, which are input into the recurrent neural network as feature vectors to enhance the model’s ability to learn long-distance information. Perplexity is defined as a metric for evaluating the performance of a language model, the inverse of the geometric mean probability assigned to each word by the model given a known sequence of words in the test set. Subsequently, based on this metric, a corresponding model was built to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the language model, which provides insights into the functions and expressions of Yuzhong dialect words in communication. Among them, the number of unsubstituted nouns, such as weather, is 41, and the color of the sky is 67, showing the rhyme and stability of Yuzhong dialect vocabulary in specific domains.

Summary: Background: Pathogenic variants in the centrosome protein (CEP) family have been implicated in primary microcephaly, Seckel syndrome, and classical ciliopathies. However, most CEP genes remain unlinked to specific Mendelian genetic diseases in humans. We sought to explore the roles of CEP295 in human pathology. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen for pathogenic variants in patients with severe microcephaly. Patient-derived fibroblasts and CEP295-depleted U2OS and RPE1 cells were used to clarify the underlying pathomechanisms, including centriole/centrosome development, cell cycle and proliferation changes, and ciliogenesis. Complementary experiments using CEP295 mRNA were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the identified missense variant. Findings: Here, we report bi-allelic variants of CEP295 in four children from two unrelated families, characterized by severe primary microcephaly, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial deformities, and abnormalities of fingers and toes, suggesting a Seckel-like syndrome. Mechanistically, depletion of CEP295 resulted in a decrease in the numbers of centrioles and centrosomes and triggered p53-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, loss of CEP295 causes extensive primary ciliary defects in both patient-derived fibroblasts and RPE1 cells. The results from complementary experiments revealed that the wild-type CEP295, but not the mutant protein, can correct the developmental defects of the centrosome/centriole and cilia in the patient-derived skin fibroblasts. Interpretation: This study reports CEP295 as a causative gene of the syndromic microcephaly phenotype in humans. Our study also demonstrates that defects in CEP295 result in primary ciliary defects. Funding: A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found under “Acknowledgments.”

ObjectiveTo describe the neuropsychological development screening of 0‒2 years in Tongzhou from 2017 to 2021 so as to understand the status and trend of developmental delay （DD）.MethodsAnnual report data of 21 community health service centers in Tongzhou District from 2017 to 2021 were clustered， Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rate and DD rate of children aged 0‒2 years with different ages and household registration， and Chi square trend test was used to analyze the linear trend of each age group and household registration. The Gesell test results in 762 children with developmental delay were analyzed， and Chi square test was used to compare the age distribution differences in gross motor， fine motor， language and personal-social behaviors.ResultsThe DD rate of children aged 0‒2 years in 2017‒2021 was 0.43％. A decreasing trend of DD rate in the 0‒ age group was observed （χ2=14.135， P

In order to improve the gel properties of black rice, mung bean starch, potato starch and corn starch were mixed with black rice flour. The pasting properties and texture properties of compounded system, and the molecular structure characteristics of the complex system were tested, and further analyzed by low-field NMR analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that with the increase of starch concentration, the pasting viscosity of the starch-black rice flour complex system increased significantly, while the pasting time and temperature were reduced. Mung bean starch and potato starch significantly enhanced the water holding capacity and swelling capacity of the compound system, while potato starch and corn starch significantly reduced the solubility. All three starches promoted the formation of the gel network structure and improved the texture properties of the gel, including the hardness, elasticity, chewiness and resilience of the gel. In addition, the three starches enhanced the hydrogen bond interaction between the starch chains of the compound system, reduced the water holding capacity of the gel, and enhanced the molecular short-range structure order and relative crystallinity of the system. The above research showed that three kinds of starch improved the quality of black rice gel, and mung bean starch had the best improvement effect.

CuW composite fabricated by powder metallurgy using ultrafine metal powders as raw materials has the disadvantages such as uneven microstructure and low compactness. A novel method of synthesizing an as-cast CuW composite ingot via an aluminothermic coupling with silicothermic reduction is presented; a low-melting-point CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag is formed by adding CaO as a slag former, effectively reducing Al2O3 inclusion in the CuW composite. In this study, the effects of CaO addition on the novel synthesis of the CuW composite via the aluminothermic coupling with silicothermic reduction are investigated. The result shows that CaO affects the removal of large particles (≥6 µm) but not the removal of small particles (≤4 µm). With the increase in the ratio of CaO ranging from 0 to 1.0, the inclusions in the CuW composites gradually transform from Al2O3 to calcium aluminates, which are conducive to the separation of the metal and slag. The contents of Si and O in the CuW composites gradually decrease from 9.40 and 14.00% to 6.10 and 3.50%, respectively, while those of Al and Ca gradually increase from 2.54 and 0.02% to 3.83 and 0.26%, respectively.

In the interiors of ancient Huizhou buildings in China, a profusion of wood carvings are employed for decoration, with traditional research interpreting their function from decorative and aesthetic perspectives. However, this research suggests that the role of Huizhou wood carvings in interior spaces surpasses mere decoration; they enhance the expression and experience of spatial concepts through narrative imagery. By analyzing the mechanism and intrinsic logic behind the spatial concepts formed in Huizhou residential buildings, this study investigates how wood-carving imagery contributes to shaping spatial concepts through narrative techniques, as well as their creativity and expressiveness in architectural design. Utilizing literature reviews, field surveys for case selection, and case analysis methods combined with observation, interviews, and measurements, this research ultimately employs image analysis to interpret the narrative structures and styles of wood-carving imagery in detail. This study reveals that (1) the spatial concepts of Huizhou residential buildings are influenced by traditional thought, social culture, and other factors, leading to an interweaving of material, cultural, and social spaces that results in a spatial concept characterized by harmony between heaven and humanity, clear hierarchy, and orderliness; (2) Huizhou wood-carvings, through their narrative images, actively engage in the production of spatial concepts, employing thematic juxtaposition narrative modes and utilizing singular-scene narration, composite-scene narration, and cyclical narration to articulate these concepts. These findings significantly deepen our comprehension of the relationship between the spatial concepts of Huizhou’s traditional residential architecture and social culture. By integrating cultural elements with spatial production theory, this research addresses the limitations of existing studies and augments their theoretical interpretative power. Additionally, clarifying the connection between the cultural elements of wood-carving imagery and the formation of spatial concepts offers a novel perspective on the study of Huizhou wood carvings, moving beyond their longstanding categorization as purely decorative elements.

The differences in chemical components, nutritional value, volatile organic compounds, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibiting capacity in vitro in coconut waters with different maturities (8, 10, and 12 months after pollination and germination height below 10 cm were named CW-8, CW-10, CW-2, and MCW, respectively) from the tall coconut variety were compared and analyzed. Results showed that as the maturity increased, the ash and reducing sugar in coconut water gradually decreased, while the protein content and fatty acids continued to increase. Potassium, phosphorus, and sodium in four coconut waters showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and CW-12 had the highest content of 2133.85 mg/kg, 239.74 mg/kg, and 310.75 mg/kg, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in higher amounts are alcohols and esters in coconut waters, among which 2-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl acetate monomer, and 2-methyl-1-propanol dimer were the characteristic volatile substances that distinguish MCW from the other three coconut waters. MCW has the best DPPH-scavenging and ferrous-ion-chelating ability (87.39% and 7.65%), while CW-8 had the highest hydroxyl and ABTS radicals scavenging rate (97.31% and 83.48%) and α-glucosidase inhibitory rate (81.36%). These results can provide support for the differential and high-value utilization of coconut water with different maturities.

Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as emerging contaminants and have received global attention because they pose a severe threat to wildlife and the human food chain. In recent years, many studies related to the sources, distribution, and effects of MPs in marine, terrestrial, and wastewater environmental compartments have been reported, whereas a comprehensive overview of the presence and characteristics of MPs in unique coastal wetland ecosystems is still lacking. Therefore, this review summarizes the accumulation and sources of MPs in coastal wetlands, as well as their effects on these ecosystems, based on environmental monitoring and laboratory results published in the literature. First, the accumulation of MPs in coastal wetlands is briefly reviewed. Second, the sources of MPs in coastal wetlands are discussed. Third, the ecological effects of MPs on coastal wetlands are summarized. Finally, this review presents gaps in the MPs research and provides an outlook for future research in this field.

Patients with impaired quality of life associated with xerostomia need long-term treatment, and a nerve stimulator has the advantage of providing natural saliva and long-term management for patients with xerostomia by electrically stimulating the relevant secretory nerves to promote saliva production. A number of clinical trials have preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy of nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of xerostomia. However, electrical stimulation has not yet become the mainstream treatment for xerostomia. Large prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety. In addition, the design of nerve stimulators is of great significance for clinical application. The large volume and inconvenient treatment associated with the extra oral nerve stimulator and the first generation intraoral nerve stimulator hinder their clinical application and popularization. The second- and third-generation intraoral nerve stimulator devices are small, convenient to use and have great application prospects. Research on electrical nerve stimulators for xerostomia treatment is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, while there is very little domestic research. It is urgent to master the core technology for the research and development of electrical nerve stimulators. The innovation of miniaturization, efficient power supply, data feedback and packaging will be the key issues of electrical nerve stimulators in the future. In this paper, the treatment and research of electrical nerve stimulation for xerostomia are reviewed to provide a reference for related basic research and the clinical application of electrical stimulators treating xerostomia in China.

This paper summarized the nursing measures for a patient with stage III pressure ulcer infection treated by compound Huangbai lotion combined with silicone foam dressing. On the basis of routine nursing and Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing by syndrome differentiation, wet compress wit compound Huangbai lotion and silicone foam dressing were adopted. The integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine is potentially effective to relieve pain, control inflammatory reaction and promote wound healing. (本文总结1例采用复方黄柏洗液湿敷辅以硅酮泡沫敷料覆盖治疗患者压疮的护理经验。在常规护理措施的基础上, 通过中医辨证施护, 采用复方黄柏洗液湿敷清热消肿配合硅酮泡沫敷料减压, 中西医结合干预缓解患者压疮疼痛, 控制炎症反应, 促进创面愈合。)

With the wide application of intelligent and network technologies in the transportation industry, intelligent driving of mine truck has become an inevitable trend in the development of mining industry. Simulation test is one of the important means to accelerate the development and implementation of intelligent driving technology. Different from the intelligent single-vehicle solution of passenger car autonomous driving, the intelligent mining truck system takes the ground management and supervision system as the center for comprehensive dispatch and command, and the mining environment is complex and time-varying, which brings great challenges to the safe operation of intelligent driving of mine truck. Therefore, according to the characteristics of multi-vehicle collaborative control and complex and changeable environment of mine trucks, this paper builds a set of mine trucks intelligent multi-vehicle collaborative simulation platform that includes ground management and supervision system, vehicle intelligent driving computing platform, mining scene model, vehicle sensor model, and multi-vehicle collaborative simulation communication interface. This simulation platform has been successfully applied to the testing of on-board decision control algorithms and ground dispatch planning algorithms for a mining truck intelligent driving project, and can provide test support for the research and development of multi-vehicle intelligent technology.

IntroductionGrazing prohibition is an effective management practice to restore salt marsh functioning. However, the effects of grazing exclusion on denitrifying microbial communities and their controlling factors in salt marshes remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we surveyed soil physicochemical properties and above- and below-ground biomass and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the relative abundance, composition, and diversity of nitrite reductase nirS- and nirK-type denitrifying bacterial communities associated with grazing prohibition treatments and elevations.ResultsThe abundance of nirS-type denitrifiers increased with grazing prohibition time, whereas the abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers remained unaltered. Moreover, nirS-type denitrifiers were more abundant and diverse than nirK-type denitrifiers in all treatments. Grazing prohibition significantly altered the operational taxonomic unit richness, abundance-based coverage estimator, and Chao1 indices of the nirS-type denitrifying bacterial communities, whereas it only minimally affected the structure of the nirK-type denitrifying bacterial community.DiscussionThe results imply that the nirS community, rather than nirK, should be the first candidate for use as an indicator in the process of salt marsh restoration after grazing prohibition. Substances of concern, total nitrogen, and salinity were the key environmental factors affecting the abundance and community composition of nirS and nirK denitrifiers. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the influence of the length of grazing prohibition and elevation on nirS- and nirK-type denitrifying bacterial community composition in salt marshes.