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Loli Uribe Echevarría,1 Carolina Leimgruber,2 Jorge García González,1 Alberto Nevado,1 Ruth Álvarez,3 Luciana N García,2 Amado A Quintar,2 Cristina A Maldonado2 1Pneumonology Service, Sanatorio Allende (Nueva Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina; 2Electronic Microscopy Center, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; 3Smoking Cessation Cente, Nuevo Hospital San Roque of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Abstract: In spite of the numerous studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the cellular and molecular basis of the disease’s development remain unclear. Neutrophils and eosinophils are known to be key players in COPD. Recently, neutrophil extracellular trap cell death (NETosis), a mechanism due to decondensation and extrusion of chromatin to form extracellular traps, has been demonstrated in COPD. However, there is limited knowledge about eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) and its role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate EETosis in stable COPD. Induced sputum obtained from healthy smokers and low exacerbation risk COPD A or B group patients or high exacerbation risk COPD C or D group patients were included. Samples were examined using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Healthy smokers (n=10) and COPD A (n=19) group exhibited neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic phenotypes, with NETosis being absent in these patients. In contrast, COPD B (n=29), with eosinophilic or mixed phenotypes, showed EETosis and incipient NETosis. COPD C (n=18) and COPD D groups (n=13) were differentiated from low exacerbation rate-COPD group by the abundant cellular debris, with COPD C group having an eosinophilic pattern and numerous cells undergoing EETosis. A hallmark of this group was the abundant released membranes that often appeared phagocytosed by neutrophils, which coincidentally exhibited early NETosis changes. The COPD D group included patients with a neutrophilic or mixed pattern, with abundant neutrophil extracellular trap-derived material. This study is the first to demonstrate EETosis at different stages of stable COPD. The results suggest a role for eosinophils in COPD pathophysiology, especially at the beginning and during the persistence of the disease, regardless of whether the patient quit smoking, with EETosis debris probably triggering uncontrolled NETosis. The main target of these findings should be young smokers with the potential to develop COPD. Keywords: COPD, eosinophils, neutrophils, NETosis, EETosis, induced sputum

Abstract Background The 2q31 deletion results in a distinct phenotype characterized by varying degrees of developmental delay, short stature, facial dysmorphism, and variable limb defects. Dysmorphic features include microcephaly, downslanting palpebral fissures, a long and flat philtrum, micrognathia, and dysplastic, low-set ears. To date, comparative genomic hybridization has identified this deletion in 38 patients. Consequently, additional patients with comprehensive clinical data are required to fully understand the spectrum of clinical manifestation associated with a deletion in the 2q31 cytoband. Case presentation We present the case of an 8-year-old female patient with clinical features of velocardiofacial syndrome, which include facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease (persistent truncus arteriosus and ostium secundum-type atrial septal defect), and a seizure syndrome. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a non-continous deletion spanning cytobands 2q31.1-to 2q31.3, confirming a diagnosis of 2q31 microdeletion syndrome. The patient has undergone supportive therapies for swallowing and speech. Additionally, we provide a review of the literature on previous cases to give context. Conclusion In this report, we present the first documented case of a complex, discontinuous deletion spanning in the 2q31-2q32 regions. This case contributes to our understanding of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum observed in individuals with deletions in these cytobands. It underscores the significance of employing high-resolution techniques and comprenhensive analysis in diagnosing patients with complex phenotypes. Such approaches are crucial for differentiating this condition from more common microdeletion syndromes, such as the 22q11 deletion syndrome.

Summary: Background: People with diabetes are at increased risk of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long-term outcomes for people with diabetes previously hospitalised with COVID-19 are, however, unknown. This study aimed to determine the longer-term physical and mental health effects of COVID-19 in people with and without diabetes. Methods: The PHOSP-COVID study is a multicentre, long-term follow-up study of adults discharged from hospital between 1 February 2020 and 31 March 2021 in the UK following COVID-19, involving detailed assessment at 5 and 12 months after discharge. The association between diabetes status and outcomes were explored using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. Findings: People with diabetes who survived hospital admission with COVID-19 display worse physical outcomes compared to those without diabetes at 5- and 12-month follow-up. People with diabetes displayed higher fatigue (only at 5 months), frailty, lower physical performance, and health-related quality of life and poorer cognitive function. Differences in outcomes between diabetes status groups were largely consistent from 5 to 12-months. In regression models, differences at 5 and 12 months were attenuated after adjustment for BMI and presence of other long-term conditions. Interpretation: People with diabetes reported worse physical outcomes up to 12 months after hospital discharge with COVID-19 compared to those without diabetes. These data support the need to reduce inequalities in long-term physical and mental health effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with diabetes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research. The study was approved by the Leeds West Research Ethics Committee (20/YH/0225) and is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107).

El infoshow es el macrogénero de mayor crecimiento a nivel global durante las últimas décadas. Esto se debe, en gran medida, a los procesos de desregulación de los mercados televisivos, que han fomentado que los contenidos se adapten cada vez más a los gustos y demandas de la audiencia. En España, el auge del infoshow comenzó en la década de los 2000, en un contexto de crisis económica y desafección política que propició un mayor interés del público general por temas económicos, sociales y políticos, todos ellos muy propicios a la crítica y la espectacularización. En este contexto, la sátira de actualidad se consolidó como un género destacado en la televisión española. Esta investigación se centra en El Intermedio, producido por Globomedia para La Sexta. Este programa formaba parte de los primeros contenidos con los que la cadena inició sus emisiones oficiales, en el año 2006, y sigue presente en su prime time dieciocho años después. Se trata, sin duda, del programa más longevo y, también, uno de los de mayor éxito de su parrilla. Aunque sigue la tradición de formatos previos, El Intermedio ofrece un enfoque innovador alejándose del ámbito puramente humorístico para ofrecer un acercamiento alternativo a las noticias de actualidad. Mediante el análisis de contenido de sus diez primeras temporadas se analiza el perfil de sus presentadores y colaboradores y su estructura de contenidos. Los resultados muestran un enfoque innovador en el tratamiento de las noticias y en el equilibrio entre la función informativa y el entretenimiento.

El presente artículo describe la intervención efectuada en el escenario del Teatro romano de Medellín (Badajoz, España) desde enero a abril de 2011. Este teatro, datado en los últimos años del siglo I a.C., fue abandonado, expoliado y ocupado por edificaciones diversas a lo largo de la Edad Media. Las excavaciones arqueológicas acometidas de 2007 a 2010 sacaron a la luz los restos del edificio. En el caso del escenario, los vestigios originales fueron la base sobre la que apuntalar su conservación, que combinó la lectura arqueológica, la anastilosis, la consolidación y la aportación de arquitectura. La intervención ha permitido: la conservación de los restos, la posibilidad de ahondar en su conocimiento, y la recuperación de los accesos y recorridos que hacen posible tanto su visita turística como su recuperación para uso teatral (fig. 1). Desde su apertura al público en 2013 ha recibido multitud de visitas, y en la actualidad es una de las sedes del Festival Internacional de Teatro Clásico de Mérida.

We conducted a serologic and molecular study to assess exposure of captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the 2020–2023 COVID-19 pandemic. We found limited exposure of NHPs to SARS-CoV-2. Biosafety measures must be strictly maintained to avoid SARS-CoV-2 reverse-zoonotic transmission in the human–NHP interface.

There were 6,491,502 foreign residents living in Spain in January 2024, a number that indicates a significant increase since the beginning of the 21st century. Among this foreign population, the largest communities are Moroccans, Romanians and British, whose mother tongue is not Spanish. According to the results from several studies conducted over the last decades, when these allophone residents use the Spanish healthcare services, they frequently ask their children to help them communicate with healthcare providers through linguistic and cultural mediation, even when professional interpreting or mediation services are available. How did these children feel while mediating for their parents in this context? Did they have any negative experiences? We intend to provide answers to these questions through semi-structured individual interviews with adults who had mediated for their parents in healthcare settings in Spain when they were children or young adults. These answers contribute to a clear understanding of the consequences of language brokering, thus promoting the use of professional interpreting and mediation services in these settings.

El sistema educativo establece la importancia de conocer cuáles deben ser las características de los docentes que garanticen el éxito educativo, capaces de generar un aprendizaje significativo, mediante el desarrollo de una relación docente-discente recíproca, compasiva, donde se fomenten los valores democráticos. El engagement docente podría ser la respuesta a esta problemática, de modo que interesa analizar qué variables influyen y son determinantes para que exista compromiso en la educación. Variables como la autoeficacia, la inteligencia emocional y la felicidad son nucleares. Hallar un modelo que las relacione podría ofrecer nuevas perspectivas en la identidad profesional y formación del profesorado. En este estudio han participado 458 docentes de educación física, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis correlacional, una regresión lineal jerárquica y de mediación, obteniendo un modelo significativo donde el engagement se predice por la autoeficacia, seguido por la inteligencia emocional y la felicidad subjetiva. Por género, las mujeres presentan una mayor percepción en la autoeficacia. Por años de experiencia se hallan diferencias en el nivel de engagement. Las variables analizadas presentan una relación lógica en la interacción entre ellas, siendo diferente entre mujeres y varones. Estos resultados establecen la importancia e influencia de las variables personales sobre el engagement de los docentes de educación física, y, cómo éstas varían en función del género y los años de experiencia. Aspectos por evaluar para diseñar la identidad profesional y, como consecuencia, la formación inicial y continua del profesorado.

The genetic basis of severe COVID-19 has been thoroughly studied, and many genetic risk factors shared between populations have been identified. However, reduced sample sizes from non-European groups have limited the discovery of population-specific common risk loci. In this second study nested in the SCOURGE consortium, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for COVID-19 hospitalization in admixed Americans, comprising a total of 4702 hospitalized cases recruited by SCOURGE and seven other participating studies in the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative. We identified four genome-wide significant associations, two of which constitute novel loci and were first discovered in Latin American populations (BAZ2B and DDIAS). A trans-ethnic meta-analysis revealed another novel cross-population risk locus in CREBBP. Finally, we assessed the performance of a cross-ancestry polygenic risk score in the SCOURGE admixed American cohort. This study constitutes the largest GWAS for COVID-19 hospitalization in admixed Latin Americans conducted to date. This allowed to reveal novel risk loci and emphasize the need of considering the diversity of populations in genomic research.

BackgroundDNA polymerase theta (POLQ) is a translesion synthesis polymerase essential for the repair of double strand breaks by the error-prone TMEJ (Theta Mediated End Joining) pathway. Although POLQ participates in maintaining genome stability, several studies have shown that its overexpression correlates with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Due to the fact that its role as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer remains unexplored, we aimed to study the usefulness of POLQ H-score as a prognostic factor in a pancreatic cancer patient cohort.MethodsWe evaluated POLQ gene expression using a web-based tool to deliver gene expression profiling and interactive analyses based on TCGA and GTEx (GEPIA) and we examined the POLQ immunostaining in 152 biliopancreatic cancer surgical specimens using tissue microarrays. Association with survival was evaluated by Kaplan Meier curves and uni-multivariate Cox regression.ResultsGEPIA analysis showed statistical differences according to POLQ mRNA levels in Disease Free Survival (DFS) (log rank 0.023, HR 2.8, p=0.029) and Overall Survival (OS) (log rank 0.011, HR 3.1, p=0.016). For immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation, POLQ H-score was calculated, and showed statistical differences for OS in Kaplan Meier curves (log rank 0.001) and uni-multivariate analysis (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.24-4.15, p=0.008).ConclusionsOur results indicate that POLQ is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer when analyzed by immunostaining, which is in agreement with the results shown by the POLQ gene expression analysis (GEPIA).

Abstract Decline in cognitive function is the most feared aspect of ageing. Poorer midlife cognitive function is associated with increased dementia and stroke risk. The mechanisms underlying variation in cognitive function are uncertain. Here, we assessed associations between 1160 proteins’ plasma levels and two measures of cognitive function, the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in 1198 PURE-MIND participants. We identified five DSST performance-associated proteins (NCAN, BCAN, CA14, MOG, CDCP1), with NCAN and CDCP1 showing replicated association in an independent cohort, GS (N = 1053). MRI-assessed structural brain phenotypes partially mediated (8–19%) associations between NCAN, BCAN, and MOG, and DSST performance. Mendelian randomisation analyses suggested higher CA14 levels might cause larger hippocampal volume and increased stroke risk, whilst higher CDCP1 levels might increase intracranial aneurysm risk. Our findings highlight candidates for further study and the potential for drug repurposing to reduce the risk of stroke and cognitive decline.

Protein structure determination has made progress with the aid of deep learning models, enabling the prediction of protein folding from protein sequences. However, obtaining accurate predictions becomes essential in certain cases where the protein structure remains undescribed. This is particularly challenging when dealing with rare, diverse structures and complex sample preparation. Different metrics assess prediction reliability and offer insights into result strength, providing a comprehensive understanding of protein structure by combining different models. In a previous study, two proteins named ARM58 and ARM56 were investigated. These proteins contain four domains of unknown function and are present in Leishmania spp. ARM refers to an antimony resistance marker. The study’s main objective is to assess the accuracy of the model’s predictions, thereby providing insights into the complexities and supporting metrics underlying these findings. The analysis also extends to the comparison of predictions obtained from other species and organisms. Notably, one of these proteins shares an ortholog with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, leading further significance to our analysis. This attempt underscored the importance of evaluating the diverse outputs from deep learning models, facilitating comparisons across different organisms and proteins. This becomes particularly pertinent in cases where no previous structural information is available.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Abstract: Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected atthe local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain.

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre las habilidades sociales y el ciberbullying en adolescentes de una institución educativa pública de Lima, en 2024. Material y métodos: Investigación de tipo básica, diseño no experimental, corte transversal, enfoque cuantitativo y correlacional. En el estudio participaron 105 adolescentes de una institución educativa pública. Se emplearon dos cuestionarios, un cuestionario de habilidades sociales modificado con una validez de 1,0 por V-Aiken y una confiabilidad de 0,78 por alfa de Cronbach, y un cuestionario de ciberbullying modificado con una validez de 0,99 por V-Aiken y una confiabilidad de 0,846 por alfa de Cronbach. Para la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó el estadístico de relación Rho Spearman. Resultados: El 61 % de los adolescentes cuenta con un promedio alto en la variable habilidades sociales y el 94,3 % no presentó ciberbullying. Se evidenció que no existe relación entre ambas variables (p = 0,951). Conclusiones: No existe una relación estadística entre las variables habilidades sociales y ciberbullying en los adolescentes debido a que se encontraron promedios altos de habilidades sociales y porcentajes altos de alumnos que no presentan ciberbullying.

Kysymme tutkimuksessamme, millaista matematiikkaa huonekalupuusepät työssään tarvitsevat ja käyttävät. Tutkimus asettuu teoreettisesti niin sanotun kansan matematiikan kehyksiin: tarkastelemme matemaattisen professionalismin ulkopuolella olevien ryhmien käyttämää matematiikkaa. Yleensä tutkimuksissa teoreettista tietoa käytetään ohjaamaan sitä, miten asiat pitäisi käytännössä tehdä. Me taas yritämme ymmärtää käytännön toimintaa, jotta teoreettista tietoa voitaisiin mukauttaa vastaamaan paremmin käytäntöjä. Tarkastelemme ensin sellaista arkipäivän työssä käytettävää matematiikkaa, jonka tutkittavat itse tunnistavat ja nimeävät matematiikaksi. Toiseksi tarkastelemme heidän työssään kohtaamiaan ongelmanratkaisua vaativia tilanteita. Keskeinen käsite tarkastelussamme on matemaattinen tieto, joka on osa numeerisia taitoja. Ongelmanratkaisutilanteet osana matematiikkaa voivat olla joko hyvin tai huonosti jäsenneltyjä. Edellisiin ratkaisut ovat täsmällisiä, usein yksiselitteisiä. Jälkimmäiset taas mahdollistavat monenlaiset ratkaisut. Tutkimustehtävään vastaamiseksi olemme käyttäneet kahdenlaista aineistoa: neljän huonekalupuusepän työpajoissa tuotettua etnografista haastattelu-, havainnointi- ja kuva-aineistoa sekä kolmen muun huonekalupuusepän haastatteluaineistoa. Analyysimme mukaan arjen rutiineissa huonekalupuusepät selviävät kontekstisidonnaisella matemaattisella tiedolla, josta osa on kehollistunutta. Ongelmanratkaisutilanteissa taas aktivoituu edellisten ohella myös käsitteellisempi matemaattinen tieto.

La red social TikTok se presenta como un formato de comunicación preponderantemente de entretenimiento no solo para las generaciones más jóvenes, sino para un público cada vez más seducido por los algoritmos de recomendación. En este contexto, los medios de información tradicionales plantean sus estrategias de desembarco en TikTok, conscientes de que en ella están ahora las audiencias futuras a las que poder fidelizar. Esta investigación tiene como principal objetivo revisar la actividad de los principales medios impresos de España. Se pretende analizar si el uso de TikTok de los medios impresos en España es o no significativo, si existe una profesionalización estratégica de la actividad editorial de estos medios y, finalmente, si esta actividad se realiza ad hoc, en función de las peculiaridades de la plataforma o si la dinámica es el reciclado de contenido del medio principal. Para ello, se revisarán los posts publicados en la red social por las principales cabeceras nacionales: El País, El Mundo, ABC, La Vanguardia y La Razón, en una secuencia temporal concreta que establece un análisis comparativo entre los principales hitos de interacción que proporciona dicha red social. Las principales conclusiones establecen cómo existe un intento mayor de lo esperado en la actividad que los medios impresos plantean en TikTok. Sin embargo, a pesar de ello, es una actividad poco profesionalizada y reflexionada, ya que no existe una pauta clara de publicación, continuidad o producción específica, sino más bien un contenedor más en el que volcar contenido ya producido.

This study aimed to analyse the influence of the match status on the conditional characteristics of tactical sprint actions among Spanish professional soccer players, considering playing positions. Thirty-two Spanish male professional soccer players from a LaLiga Spanish Second Division (LaLiga SmarthBank) team participated in this study. Actions above 85% of the players’ maximum velocity were analysed based on their tactical purpose. These findings provide valuable information regarding the tactical aspects of sprinting in soccer, emphasizing the influence of playing positions and match status on the distribution of tactical sprint actions. No effects of match status were observed for any game phase. However, when tactical actions were individually studied, it was observed that the maximum velocity in Chase actions was higher when the team was winning, while in Press actions, the maximum velocity was higher when the team was losing and in in Run in behind/Penetrate, the maximum velocity was higher in drawing situations compared to losing situations. No effects of match status on the distance covered during sprinting were observed, and regarding duration, significant differences were only observed in Recovery run actions. In addition, the influence of match status is higher when playing positions are considered, although the within playing positions analysis revealed significant differences only in CM players. These findings provide valuable information for the design of specific training drills considering playing positions, suggesting the need to analyse the previous match in order to structure the training load of the microcycle in a comprehensive manner.

Those using the mouse for the purposes of electrophysiological research presume that the morphology of the conduction axis is comparable with the human arrangement. As yet, however, to the best of our knowledge, no direct comparison has been made between the species. By comparing our extensive histological findings in the human heart with comparable serially-sectioned datasets prepared from adult murine hearts, we aimed to provide this information. When comparing the gross anatomy, we used three-dimensional datasets of neonatal mice hearts prepared using episcopic microscopy. The overall cardiac architecture is comparable, although the mouse has a persistent left superior caval vein draining via the coronary sinus. An inferior pyramidal space and an infero-septal recess are both present in the murine heart, although they are not as well developed as in the human heart. The overall arrangement of the conduction axis is similarly comparable, albeit with subtle differences reflecting the incomplete wedging of the subaortic outflow tract in the murine heart. Most significantly, the findings in both species reveal the presence of extensive superior septal pathways, which perhaps explain the finding of base-to-apex activation of the ventricular mass known to occur in the murine heart.

Background Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.Objectives To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.Methods In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.Results From a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).Conclusion Patients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.Trail registration number ISRCTN10980107.

Background Use of personal sensing to predict mental health risk has sparked interest in adolescent psychiatry, offering a potential tool for targeted early intervention.Objectives We investigated the preferences and values of UK adolescents with regard to use of digital sensing information, including social media and internet searching behaviour. We also investigated the impact of risk information on adolescents’ self-understanding.Methods Following a Design Bioethics approach, we created and disseminated a purpose-built digital game (www.tracingtomorrow.org) that immersed the player-character in a fictional scenario in which they received a risk assessment for depression Data were collected through game choices across relevant scenarios, with decision-making supported through clickable information points.Findings The game was played by 7337 UK adolescents aged 16–18 years. Most participants were willing to personally communicate mental health risk information to their parents or best friend. The acceptability of school involvement in risk predictions based on digital traces was mixed, due mainly to privacy concerns. Most participants indicated that risk information could negatively impact their academic self-understanding. Participants overwhelmingly preferred individual face-to-face over digital options for support.Conclusions The potential of digital phenotyping in supporting early intervention in mental health can only be fulfilled if data are collected, communicated and actioned in ways that are trustworthy, relevant and acceptable to young people.Clinical implications To minimise the risk of ethical harms in real-world applications of preventive psychiatric technologies, it is essential to investigate young people’s values and preferences as part of design and implementation processes.

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the pathogenesis of this complication is essential in both diagnosis and management. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the presence of CAD in T2DM using molecular markers and pathway analyses.MethodsThe study is a sex- and age-frequency matched case-control design comparing 23 unrelated adult Filipinos with T2DM-CAD to 23 controls (DM with CAD). Healthy controls served as a reference. Total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent whole transcriptomic profiling using the Illumina HumanHT-12 v4.0 expression beadchip. Differential gene expression with gene ontogeny analyses was performed, with supporting correlational analyses using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA).ResultsThe study observed that 458 genes were differentially expressed between T2DM with and without CAD (FDR89%. Pathway analyses show differences in innate immunity activity, which centers on the myelocytic (neutrophilic/monocytic) theme. SNP-module analyses point to a possible causal dysfunction in innate immunity that triggers the CAD injury in T2DM.ConclusionThe study findings indicate the involvement of innate immunity in the development of T2DM-CAD, and potential immunity markers can reflect the occurrence of this injury. Further studies can verify the mechanistic hypothesis and use of the markers.

The Spanish region of Andalusia is the world-leading olive oil producer. Its olive-dominated landscapes are among the most biodiverse drylands of the globe and prospectively among the areas most affected by climate change. This analysis used physiologically based demographic modeling (PBDM) to assess the impact of climate change on the olive/olive fly system of Andalusia. The analysis was implemented on cloud computing, allowing PBDM models to be run from any computer connected to the internet, to interface with state-of-the-art climatic drivers, and to scale efficiently with increasing computational loads and user requests. Findings include that chilling required for olive blooming will decrease in large areas of the Andalusian provinces of Jaen, Cordoba, and Sevilla, with some areas not meeting the minimum chilling threshold and some accumulating no chilling by the end of the century under the high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario. Olive blooming will occur up to five weeks earlier in the Jaen, Cordoba, Sevilla, and Granada provinces, but olive yield is expected to increase or remain stable. Olive fly infestation will decrease with climate change, with infestations below the reference economic threshold of 4 % towards the end of the century in some areas under high GHG emission scenario. Measures to adapt Andalusian olive systems to climate change include: selecting olive cultivars with lower chilling requirements; implementing cover crops to enhance water use efficiency under increased CO2 concentration and uncertain precipitation projections; and targeting the spring generation of the fly and diversifying the olive landscape to reduce infestation levels.

Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected at the local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain. Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to debilitating complications that affect the quality of life of many Filipinos. Genetic variability contributes to 30% to 70% of T2DM risk. Determining genomic variants related to type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility can lead to early detection to prevent complications. However, interethnic variability in risk and genetic susceptibility exists. This study aimed to identify variants associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Filipinos using a case-control design frequency matched for age and sex. A comparison was made between 66 unrelated Filipino adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 121 without. Genotyping was done using a candidate gene approach on genetic variants of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications involving allelic association and genotypic association studies with correction for multiple testing. Nine (9) significant variants, mostly involved in glucose and energy metabolism, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Filipinos were found. Notably, a CDKAL1 variant (rs7766070) confers the highest level of risk while rs7119 (HMG20A) and rs708272 (CETP) have high risk allele frequencies in this population at 0.77 and 0.66, respectively, making them potentially good markers for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening. The data generated can be valuable in developing genetic risk prediction models for type 2 diabetes mellitus to diagnose and prevent the condition among Filipinos.

En la actualidad, como tantas veces se ha repetido, no faltan normas que prevean derechos, obligaciones, controles, procedimientos y toda una serie de exigencias y pautas de comportamientos jurídicamente condicionados que aseguren el papel de las Administraciones Públicas como esenciales instrumentos para la gobernanza democrática y la defensa del Estado de Derecho. Sin embargo, parece no evidenciarse, la importancia de acreditar en las prestaciones públicas un elevado perfil de integridad concretado en vectores de ética aplicada que eviten la creciente desafección ciudadana y falta de legitimación, cuando no, el establecimiento de una sistémica y abierta hostilidad hacia las instituciones y Administraciones Públicas. Se trata de una tarea colectiva en la que la responsabilidad propia de los servidores públicos (sean cargos electos o empleados públicos) no basta, necesitando el apoyo de una ciudadanía cuyos valores reflejen una obligada cultura sobre integridad pública.

We have conducted a 10-year-long coprological study of the animals housed in two zoological institutions (ZooAquarium and Faunia, Madrid, Spain) to assess the parasite biodiversity, prevalence, and their relation with host class, diet, and enclosure type (soil type and level of isolation from wild fauna). A total of 4476 faecal samples from 132 mammal species and 951 samples from 86 avian species were examined. The results indicated that only 12.8% of avian species had parasites at least once during the study period, whereas 62.1% of mammal species tested positive. Predominantly, protists (Entamoeba, flagellates, and ciliates) and nematodes (mainly Trichuris) were identified in the findings. Carnivorous species were primarily infected by nematodes, while herbivorous and omnivorous species were mainly infected by protists. The number of infected herbivorous and omnivorous species was significantly greater than carnivorous species. Differences were observed based on soil type (artificial, natural, mixed) and isolation level (isolated/accessible), but these differences were not statistically significant. Several parasites (Entamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Balantidoides coli, Trichuris spp.) could potentially be transmitted between humans and some mammals and birds. Regular animal analyses and a personnel health program in the institutions would minimise transmission risks between zoo animals, wildlife, and humans.

Introduction. This article analyses the impact of an intercultural learning intervention in a Spanish university post-European Higher Education Area implementation. Objective. Our research’s main objective consisted of measuring the development of intercultural competence in the first cohort of a Translation and Intercultural Communication bachelor’s degree in a Spanish university, before and after taking specific courses in intercultural studies and spending a study abroad semester. Methodology. A mixed methodology was implemented, in which the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) was used as a measuring instrument. Additionally, in-depth personal interviews were conducted to complement the data obtained. Results. The results of this study show that the programming and sequencing of specific courses, together with experiences abroad, contribute to the development of intercultural competence. Conclusions. More intercultural learning interventions are needed in higher education courses to develop and build an intercultural campus and educate global citizens. When applying intercultural learning interventions and intercultural methodologies, students develop their intercultural competence, a key competence for 21st-century graduates.

Introduction Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIA) have provided a significant improvement in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although there is already significant clinical experience with paliperidone palmitate, it is important to evaluate the clinical response of patients to this new 6-monthly presentation, so descriptive studies based on real clinical evidence can be very useful for this purpose. Objectives The main objective of the study is to describe the use of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate in routine clinical practice, providing variables that objectify the evolution such as the number of admissions and visits to the emergency room. Methods Retrospective descriptive study with a sample selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, retrospective type, in a time interval of 12 months (n=40). The patients selected were all those who received 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate treatment, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, in 12 months of use at Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena. A descriptive analysis was performed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and N and percentage for categorical variables. Results A total of 40 administrations of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were performed in the study. None of the patients presented adverse reactions related to the administration of the drug, not reporting local pain or inflammation of the puncture area, except for the characteristic discomfort of an intramuscular puncture. Regarding the efficacy of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, none of the patients presented a psychotic decompensation after its administration, maintaining psychopathological stability after the change. The switch to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate was made from both 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate and 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate, both showing the same efficacy. Regarding tolerability, all the patients who were administered 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were previously treated with the monthly and quarterly presentation of the same molecule, having presented good tolerability to it, maintaining said tolerability after treatment. change to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, with no adverse reaction being recorded after the change. The adherence presented by the patients was very good, performing 100% of the administrations of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate Conclusions 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the treatment of schizophrenia. In the present study, the use of said LAIA in a group of 40 patients is objectified, showing excellent efficacy and tolerability. All study patients were already stable with the 1-monthly and 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate formulations, maintaining said psychopathological stability when switching to the 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate formulation, with excellent adherence and adverse effect profile . Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate features an initiation regimen through 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate or 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate. Some patients do not have sufficient adherence to treatment and it is necessary at the clinical level to start directly with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate. There is little clinical experience with these alternative initiations and through this work those that have been carried out for 12 months at the Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena are exposed. Objectives The main objective of the study is to describe the alternative initiations performed with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate in routine clinical practice, having opted for a regimen different from the standard for clinical reasons. Methods A retrospective selection of patients will be made through non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, including all patients who have been administered 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate with a start different from the standard during the last 4 months. To do this, the electronic medical record will be used, first selecting the patients who have started 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate through the anonymized digital records and, later, including in the study only those who have followed an alternative initiation pattern. The variables studied will be the following: age, sex, diagnosis, dose of paliperidone palmitate, initiation regimen, consumption of toxic substances, absenteeism from 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, and visits to the emergency room and admissions. Results The study included a total of 20 patients (n: 20). 80% of the patients were male and 20% were female. The mean age was 39.7 years. 75% of the patients had an associated substance use disorder. The following alternate starting schedules were performed with biannual paliperidone palmitate: monthly paliperidone palmitate on days 1 and 8, and 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate on day 38 (n: 11); monthly paliperidone palmitate 150 mg together with semi-annual paliperidone palmitate both on day 1 (n: 5); biannual paliperidone palmitate on day 1 supplemented with oral paliperidone for 45 days (n:4). A total of 0 visits to the emergency department and 0 admissions were observed after the 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate regimen. Conclusions Alternative initiations with 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate may be a useful and safe clinical alternative in patients with very low adherence who, due to clinical needs, require starting 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate earlier in order to guarantee adherence. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIA) are used in diagnoses other than schizophrenia. Over the last two decades, LAIAs have been developed with less administration frequency, going from 2-weekly presentations to 6-monthly presentations. The 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate has recently been released, allowing a reduction in the frequency of administration compared to the 1-monthly presentation and the 3-monthly presentation. Descriptive studies based on real clinical evidence can be very useful to assess clinical outcomes. Objectives The main objective of the study is to describe the use of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate in patients with schzophrenia, providing variables that objectify the evolution such as the number of psychotic decompensations. Methods Retrospective descriptive study with a sample selected by non-probabilistic consecutive sampling, retrospective type, in a time interval of 10 month (n=80). The patients selected were all those who received 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate treatment from after 10 months of use at Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena. A descriptive analysis was performed. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables and N and percentage for categorical variables. Results A total of 80 administrations of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were performed in the study. None of the patients presented adverse reactions related to the administration of the drug, not reporting local pain or inflammation of the puncture area, except for the characteristic discomfort of an intramuscular puncture. Regarding the efficacy of 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, none of the patients presented a psychotic decompensation after its administration, maintaining psychopathological stability after the change. The switch to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate was made from both 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate and 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate, both showing the same efficacy. Regarding tolerability, all the patients who were administered 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate were previously treated with the monthly and quarterly presentation of the same molecule, having presented good tolerability to it, maintaining said tolerability after treatment. change to 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate, with no adverse reaction being recorded after the change. The adherence presented by the patients was very good, performing 100% of the administrations. Conclusions 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the treatment of schizophrenia and other diagnoses such as bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder. According to objective data, 6-monthly paliperidone palmitate could be an effective and well-tolerated treatment as an alternative to monthly and quarterly presentations of the same molecule. Longitudinal studies must be carried out to confirm this hypothesis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

A partir del año 2018, en el agua subterránea de los centros poblados de la costa norte del Perú se determinaron concentraciones de arsénico por encima de los límites máximos permitidos por la normativa peruana vigente. Considerando que esta agua es utilizada para el consumo humano y del ganado vacuno, se planteó como objetivo de investigación determinar si la leche fresca producida presenta concentraciones de arsénico. Se analizaron 21 muestras procedentes de 8 centros poblados diferentes, determinando los parámetros fisicoquímicos por ultrasonido y la presencia de arsénico por espectrofotometría de emisión óptica (Método EPA 200.7). En 15 muestras se encontraron parámetros fisicoquímicos acorde con la Norma Técnica Peruana NTP 202.001 y en 6 muestras se encontraron concentraciones de arsénico en un rango de 0,003 a 0,023 ppm, muestras procedentes de los centros poblados Cruz del Médano, Arbolsol, Lagunas, La Quemazón, Casa Blanca y Lagartera del distrito de Mórrope, departamento de Lambayeque.

Introduction Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has revolutionized the surgical techniques for lower-third rectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of quality indicators of TaTME for rectal cancer compared with laparoscopic TME (LaTME). Methods A cohort prospective study with 50 (14 female and 36 male) patients, with a mean age of 67 (range: 55.75 to 75.25) years, who underwent surgery for rectal cancer. In total, 20 patients underwent TaTME, and 30, LaTME. Every TaTME procedure was performed by experienced colorectal surgeons. The sample was divided into two groups (TaTME and LaTME), and the quality indicators of the surgery for rectal cancer were analyzed. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding the patients and the main characteristics of the tumor (age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] score, body mass index [BMI], tumoral stage, neoadjuvant therapy, and distance from the tumor to the external anal margin) between the two groups. The rates of: postoperative morbidity (TaTME: 35%; LaTME: 30%; p = 0.763); mortality (0%); anastomotic leak (TaTME: 10%; LaTME: 13%; p = 0.722); wound infection (TaTME: 0%; LaTME: 3.3%; p = 0.409); reoperation (TaTME: 5%; LaTME: 6.6%; p = 0.808); and readmission (TaTME: 5%; LaTME: 0%; p = 0.400), as well as the length of the hospital stay (TaTME: 13.5 days; LaTME: 11 days; p = 0.538), were similar in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of positive circumferential resection margin (TaTME: 5%; LaTME: 3.3%; p = 0.989) and positive distal resection margin (TaTME: 0%; LaTME: 3.3%; p = 0.400), the completeness of the TME (TaTME: 100%; LaTME: 100%), and the number of lymph nodes harvested (TaTME: 15; LaTME: 15.5; p = 0.882) between two groups. Conclusion Transanal total mesorectal excision is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for middle/lower-third rectal cancer.

En la ciudad de Iquitos, en la Amazonía peruana, los materiales utilizados para las construcciones sólidas o permanentes (arena, cemento y ladrillos) son llamados nobles, lo que implica que los otros materiales no lo son, por ejemplo, la madera. Este material es considerado primordial en las construcciones tradicionales de las culturas locales y también por los ciudadanos menos favorecidos instalados en zonas urbanas. La madera también presenta muchas ventajas con respecto al impacto ambiental (huella de carbono), los costos de construcción en la Amazonía y la pasividad térmica (no acumula el calor). Deseamos así presentar una obra arquitectónica realizada en la ciudad de Iquitos en los años 2012-2013, concebida con madera de construcción e inspirada en los principios de ventilación de las construcciones tradicionales de culturas locales. Y que además ha sabido responder al paso del tiempo manteniendo su eficiencia en materia de comportamiento energético.

Esta investigación analiza el impacto que ha tenido el estreno único de Netflix en las dinámicas propias de la serialidad. La digitalización de la televisión ha modificado profundamente el medio y el binge watching y el abandono del estreno semanal han cambiado por completo el consumo y la creación de ficciones. Para abordar esta cuestión, se analizan las cuatro series documentales que ha producido la compañía en España: Examen de conciencia (2019), El caso Alcàsser (2019), La Línea: La sombra del narco (2020) y Nevenka (2021). Al eliminar la espera entre los episodios las tramas capitulares desbordan la entrega y los seriales no siguen los patrones vinculados a la especulación. Consecuentemente, las entregas pierden su unidad formal o, directamente, se abandona la serialidad como modelo narrativo. Este cambio de paradigma refuerza la idea de que, al modificar la metodología de distribución, también se alteran las características sintácticas de los productos.

El pensamiento ilustrado sigue teniendo una gran influencia en la intelectualidad –crítica– actual, y es, en parte, en donde se originan las presentes posiciones políticas pacifistas. El siguiente texto pretende establecer un diálogo –en retrospectiva– entre la actual situación de descomposición de la modernidad y la filosofía histórica, sobre todo irenista, de Immanuel Kant.

To improve the energy efficiency and performance of buildings, it is essential to understand the factors that influence indoor thermal comfort. Through an extensive analysis of various variables, actions can be developed to enhance the thermal sensation of the occupants, promoting sustainability and economic benefits in conditioning systems. This study identifies eight key variables: indoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, indoor globe temperature, CO2, age, outdoor temperature, indoor humidity, and the running mean temperature, which are relevant for predicting thermal comfort in Mediterranean office buildings. The proposed methodology effectively analyses the relevance of these variables, using five techniques and two different databases, Mediterranean climate buildings published by ASHRAE and a study conducted in Seville, Spain. The results indicate that the extended database to 21 variables improves the quality of the metrics by 5%, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive approach in the analysis. Among the evaluated techniques, random forest emerges as the most successful, offering superior performance in terms of accuracy and other metrics, and this method is highlighted as a technique that can be used to assist in the design and operation or control of a building’s conditioning system or in tools that recommend adaptive measures to improve thermal comfort.

Abstract Background Major depression (MD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disease in the population and is considered a prodromal stage of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite both diseases having a robust genetic component, the common transcriptomic signature remains unknown. Methods We investigated the cognitive and emotional behavioural responses in 3- and 6-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mice, before β-amyloid plaques were detected. We studied the genetic and pathway deregulation in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and amygdala of mice at both ages, using transcriptomic and functional data analysis. Results We found that depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as memory impairments, are already present at 3-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mutant mice together with the deregulation of several genes, such as Ciart, Grin3b, Nr1d1 and Mc4r, and other genes including components of the circadian rhythms, electron transport chain and neurotransmission in all brain areas. Extending these results to human data performing GSEA analysis using DisGeNET database, it provides translational support for common deregulated gene sets related to MD and AD. Conclusions The present study sheds light on the shared genetic bases between MD and AD, based on a comprehensive characterization from the behavioural to transcriptomic level. These findings suggest that late MD could be an early manifestation of AD.

Abstract Pharmacogenomics can enhance the outcome of treatment by adopting pharmacogenomic testing to maximize drug efficacy and lower the risk of serious adverse events. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a cost-effective technology for genotyping several pharmacogenomic loci at once, thereby increasing publicly available data. A panel of 100 pharmacogenes among Southeast Asian (SEA) populations was resequenced using the NGS platform under the collaboration of the Southeast Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network (SEAPharm). Here, we present the frequencies of pharmacogenomic variants and the comparison of these pharmacogenomic variants among different SEA populations and other populations used as controls. We investigated the different types of pharmacogenomic variants, especially those that may have a functional impact. Our results provide substantial genetic variations at 100 pharmacogenomic loci among SEA populations that may contribute to interpopulation variability in drug response phenotypes. Correspondingly, this study provides basic information for further pharmacogenomic investigations in SEA populations.

The connection between olive genetic responses to environmental and agro-climatic conditions and the composition, structure and functioning of host-associated, belowground microbiota has never been studied under the holobiont conceptual framework. Two groups of cultivars growing under the same environmental, pedological and agronomic conditions, and showing highest (AH) and lowest (AL) Actinophytocola relative abundances, were earlier identified. We aimed now to: i) compare the root transcriptome profiles of these two groups harboring significantly different relative abundances in the above-mentioned bacterial genus; ii) examine their rhizosphere and root-endosphere microbiota co-occurrence networks; and iii) connect the root host transcriptome pattern to the composition of the root microbial communities by correlation and co-occurrence network analyses. Significant differences in olive gene expression were found between the two groups. Co-occurrence networks of the root endosphere microbiota were clearly different as well. Pearson’s correlation analysis enabled a first portray of the interaction occurring between the root host transcriptome and the endophytic community. To further identify keystone operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and genes, subsequent co-occurrence network analysis showed significant interactions between 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 19 OTUs. Overall, negative correlation was detected between all upregulated genes in the AH group and all OTUs except of Actinophytocola. While two groups of olive cultivars grown under the same conditions showed significantly different microbial profiles, the most remarkable finding was to unveil a strong correlation between these profiles and the differential gene expression pattern of each group. In conclusion, this study shows a holistic view of the plant-microbiome communication.

Abstract Finding early disease markers using non-invasive and widely available methods is essential to develop a successful therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease. Few studies to date have examined urine, the most readily available biofluid. Here we report the largest study to date using comprehensive metabolic phenotyping platforms (NMR spectroscopy and UHPLC-MS) to probe the urinary metabolome in-depth in people with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Feature reduction was performed using metabolomic Quantitative Trait Loci, resulting in the list of metabolites associated with the genetic variants. This approach helps accuracy in identification of disease states and provides a route to a plausible mechanistic link to pathological processes. Using these mQTLs we built a Random Forests model, which not only correctly discriminates between people with Alzheimer’s Disease and age-matched controls, but also between individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment who were later diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease and those who were not. Further annotation of top-ranking metabolic features nominated by the trained model revealed the involvement of cholesterol-derived metabolites and small-molecules that were linked to Alzheimer’s pathology in previous studies.

Hoy en día, las empresas muestran un mayor interés por la aplicación de prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial con la finalidad de obtener un mayor desarrollo económico, así como mantener una buena relación con sus grupos de interés y generar bienestar social y ambiental. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la divulgación de prácticas socialmente responsables por parte de las empresas pertenecientes al IBEX35 en sus páginas web, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelan que la información sobre Responsabilidad Social Empresarial que ofrecen es cuantiosa, tal y como revela el índice de divulgación total, siendo la información en materia económica la más divulgada.

Abstract Background Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a rare, congenital disease characterized by a distinctive facial phenotype, seizures, intellectual disability and developmental delay, and pre and postnatal growth requiring lifelong care. The psychosocial status of the family caregivers of children diagnosed with WHS is unknown. This study aims to characterize the sociodemographic and psychosocial profile of WHS caregivers and analyze how these variables impact their quality of life (QoL) and well-being. Results The sociodemographic and clinical profile of 22 Spanish caregivers of children with WHS and the characteristics of those affected have been described. Significant relationships were found between sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among caregivers. The impact on the parents’ QoL and negative relationship with the symptomatology were assessed. The use of engagement strategies such as problem focused coping was associated with improved psychological QoL and social support. Conclusions WHS caregivers share similarities in their profile and needs with caregivers of children with other rare diseases. Pychosocial support groups involving parents caring for children with the same disease could improve caregivers’ well-being and QoL by strengthening their social support network and using positive coping styles.

The School of Agricultural Engineering has been involved in English-medium instruction (EMI) within the framework of the internationalization strategy of the University of Extremadura (Spain). Several years after these actions were initiated, it has become necessary to analyze them, with the main objective of researching the attitude of the students towards it, keeping the focus on finding common trends. With this aim, a segmentation of the students was carried out based on a questionnaire that included aspects related to their attitudes towards English-medium instruction, their socio-demographic characteristics and the program they were enrolled in. A total of 251 students were surveyed, and the data were analyzed by performing a multiple correspondence analysis and a cluster analysis. They revealed three typologies of students with clearly different underlying features, especially related to the program and year in which they were enrolled, their age and English level, and their perceived skills. The main conclusion is that the multivariate techniques applied are useful tools to identify groups of students with different features in the EMI frame, which may facilitate the launch of specific actions focused on the needs and expectations of each group to ensure that EMI programs and students achieve their goals.