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In recent years, drought has become one of the most widespread global problems as a result of drastic climate change all over the world. In order to increase the efficiency of cultivation of agricultural crops under the conditions of drought, research was conducted aimed at determining the diversity of endophytic microorganisms of xerophytic and halophytic plants grown under the influence of this stress factor and evaluating their characteristics and potential is of great importance. This article describes the results of the research aimed at isolating, identifying and evaluating some properties of endophytic bacteria from Peganum harmala L., which is widespread in arid regions of Uzbekistan. These data are being published for the first time in terms of area and vegetation. The results of studying P. harmala endophytic bacteria diversity, species composition, resistance to pathogenic fungi confirm that this plant is a potential source of promising endophytic bacteria. In the experiments, 24 promising isotypes of endophytic bacteria were isolated from P. harmala, which were the research objects. Five strains were selected by evaluating the colonization potential of the isolated isolates under drought conditions and resistance of the selected strains to pathogenic fungi was evaluated. These promising strains were identified using molecular genetic methods.

To solve the tasks set, 120 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were examined, including 52 patients with C with extrahepatic manifestations and 68 patients with CHC without extrahepatic manifestations under the age of 70 years. The results of the study showed that in CHC patients with cryoglobulinemia, with an increase in the stage of fibrosis, the content of IL-10 tended to gradually increase and the content of IL-18 gradually began to significantly decrease.

This article outlines the outcomes of laboratory investigations focusing on the sorption behavior of Cr (III, VI), Zn, Ni, and Co on bentonite. The study encompasses a broad spectrum of solution pH levels and sortable component concentrations, aiming to unveil the states of micro-components in aqueous solutions. The research also addresses the identification of optimal chemical concentration conditions and the establishment of a sorption mechanism for these components on clay adsorbents based on bentonite. In aqueous solutions, the ions of these metals undergo hydrolysis, resulting in the formation of complex compounds. The study discerns that the sorption process on bentonite clays predominantly initiates at pH levels around 4-5 and concludes at pH exceeding 7.5-10. These findings shed light on the critical pH ranges where sorption reactions are most significant and highlight the cessation of sorption at elevated pH levels. The research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the sorption dynamics between bentonite and metal ions, emphasizing the pH-dependent nature of these interactions. By identifying the optimal conditions for sorption and elucidating the underlying mechanisms, this study offers valuable insights into leveraging bentonite clay as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III, VI), Zn, Ni, and Co from aqueous solutions.

Objective: To study the etiology of epistaxis and to improve the mechanical ways to stop it. Methods: 354 patients with nose bleeding aged 6 months to 78 years were examined from 2,360 people who applied to the urgent ENT Department of the National Medical Center of the Republic Tajikistan, which was 15%. They conducted an otorhinolaryngological examination, evaluation of the general state, finding out the causes of nasal bleeding and all necessary measures to stop it. Results: Out of 354 patients, 339 (95.6%) provided the first emergency care in the urgent ENT Outpatient Department, and 15 (4.2%) hospitalized in ENT Department. Among general and local causes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory infections, chronic atrophic and subatrophic processes of nose mucous were identified. In 297 (83.4%) had a combination of those and other causes. The majority of patients (n=209; 58.5%) suffered from cardiovascular pathology, in particular hypertension and atherosclerosis, in 19 (5.5%) patients the nasal bleeding occurred during the period or after recently suffered acute respiratory infections. Only in 51 (14.4%) patients identified local causes of nasal bleeding, of which 15 patients were hospitalized in the ENT Department. Bleeding was stopped by the anterior nasal tamponade in 6 cases, the anterior and posterior tamponade – in 8 observations, and in one patient, with inefficiency of the posterior and anterior tamponade, ligation of external carotid artery was performed. An alternative method has been used as a rear tamponade for the first time using a device made from a conventional endotracheal tube with an inflatable cuff on the distal end. The method has proven to be more gentle and less traumatic, allowing keeping nasal breathing through the tube. This provides the best quality of postoperative management, and at times accelerates the rehabilitation process. Conclusion: The results show that the causes of nasal bleeding are most often caused by general somatic pathology and only in 14.4% of cases are associated with pathology of nasal cavity. The proposed alternative method of posterior tamponade has shown good results and the possibility of its wide practical application, especially in terms of first aid.

Objective: To determine the influence of adenotomy on the course of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses in children. Methods: During the three-year period, examined 162 patients with the chronic inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses. Hypertrophy of the tonsils (nasopharyngeal, palatine), chronic tonsillitis was observed in these patients. All patients underwent general clinical, otorhinolaryngological, and radiological methods of investigation. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated clinically immediately after a week and after three months. Results: After surgical treatment, the condition of the children improved, they were discharged in a satisfactory condition. After three months, 87.7% of the patients underwent a full recovery: the suppuration from the nose stopped, nasal breathing was restored, and headaches stopped. In 3.7%, despite the treatment, catarrhal rhinitis periodically occurred, the radiological process in the sinuses was absent. And in 8.6% of the improvement of the condition was not observed either clinically or radiographically, that, apparently, was due to the reduction of the immune forces of the body. After these surgical procedures, puncture and catheterization of the maxillary sinus and daily rinsing were carried out to these patients, which contributed to the subsequent stable remission. Conclusion: Changes in the maxillary cavities in children suffering from adenoid tumours occur quite often. The timely removal of adenoid cavities is of great prophylactic value since it prevents the development of the inflammatory process in the maxillary cavities. If the adenotomy does not give effect, the puncture of a maxillary sinus with the subsequent conservative treatment is necessary. If this does not lead to recovery, then the operation on the maxillary sinus is indicated.