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The importance of hands in the transmission of soil transmitted helminths, especially Ascaris and Trichuris infections, is under-researched. This is partly because of the absence of a reliable method to quantify the number of eggs on hands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method to assess the number of Ascaris eggs on hands and determine the egg recovery rate of the method. Under laboratory conditions, hands were seeded with a known number of Ascaris eggs, air dried and washed in a plastic bag retaining the washing water, in order to determine recovery rates of eggs for four different detergents (cationic [benzethonium chloride 0.1% and cetylpyridinium chloride CPC 0.1%], anionic [7X 1% - quadrafos, glycol ether, and dioctyl sulfoccinate sodium salt] and non-ionic [Tween80 0.1% -polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate]) and two egg detection methods (McMaster technique and FLOTAC). A modified concentration McMaster technique showed the highest egg recovery rate from bags. Two of the four diluted detergents (benzethonium chloride 0.1% and 7X 1%) also showed a higher egg recovery rate and were then compared with de-ionized water for recovery of helminth eggs from hands. The highest recovery rate (95.6%) was achieved with a hand rinse performed with 7X 1%. Washing hands with de-ionized water resulted in an egg recovery rate of 82.7%. This washing method performed with a low concentration of detergent offers potential for quantitative investigation of contamination of hands with Ascaris eggs and of their role in human infection. Follow-up studies are needed that validate the hand washing method under field conditions, e.g. including people of different age, lower levels of contamination and various levels of hand cleanliness.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of creative gymnastic exercises on women on the coast of Jorong, Tanah Laut. The method used in this study is the pre-experimental method. The population in this study were female traders on the coast of Jorong, totaling 30 people and a sample of 30 people. In this study, a total sampling technique was used, namely the entire population was used as the main sample. The process of carrying out the research was by making creative exercise videos, then the exercises were tested on women on the coast. after the gymnastic movements can be carried out properly and correctly, the researcher provides a creative gymnastic training program 3 times a week, this activity lasts for 2 months.Based on the results of calculations using the t-test, it can be seen that the tcount before exercise with creative gymnastics with aerobic gymnastics is -7.071 with a probability of 0.000, because probability

Abstract Background Dismissing the process of labor, postpartum neurological complications tend to implicate anesthetic interventions as the cause, a predicament to the anesthesiologist mandating utmost periprocedural vigilance. Case presentation Two obstetric patients with no comorbidities received uneventful labor epidurals. They presented with rare peripartum neurological complications. Conclusions Unrecognized dural puncture is often a retrospective diagnosis made with the onset of symptoms in a presumed uneventful epidural. Negative aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during epidural insertion does not completely rule out the dural puncture. Th dural puncture can be obscured by initial dural tenting and tear without loss of CSF, followed by a breach in the weakened arachnoid during maternal efforts (Reynolds and Speedy, Anaesthesia 45:120-3, 1990). Obstruction of the TUOHY l umen with clot or ligamentum flavum, preventing CSF flow into the needle and subarachnoid migration of a subdurally placed catheter, is another cause. Delay in management of neurological complications resulting from unrecognized dural punctures can occur.

Socio-cultural in homestay need to be identified, since such business can make very close interactions among tourists and rural life. This study aims to analyze socio-cultural factors in the establishment and development of communal homestays in the rural tourism. The study was conducted in tourist villages in three provinces, namely the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Brayut and Tanjung villages), West Java (Banceuy and Bunihayu villages) and North Sulawesi (Bahoi, Tiwoho, Popareng, Tandengan and Urongo villages). The research instrument used close ended questionnaire with 585 respondent. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive by grouping, simplifying and presenting data using class intervals. The results showed that the majority of people in tourist villages agree on the concept of communal homestay which can be a forum for the preservation of the culture, customs and norms of the local community. In the aspect of cultural heritage conservation, homestay businesses are considered capable of providing the function of protecting and preserving customs, arts, culture, religious traditions and languages. The management of this communal homestay is considered to be able to create social interaction, cooperation and can reduce forms of unhealthy competition.

Abstract Temporal variation in eDNA signals is increasingly explored for understanding community ecology in aquatic habitats. Seasonal changes have been addressed using eDNA sampling, but very little is known regarding short‐term temporal variation that spans hours to days. To address this, we filtered marine water samples from a single coastal site in Denmark every hour for 32 h. We used metabarcoding to target both fish and broader eukaryote diversity and evaluated temporal changes in this marine community. Results revealed variation in fish species richness (15–27) and eukaryote class richness (35–64) across the 32 h of sampling, and we further evaluated sampling efforts needed to reach different levels of diversity saturation. Relative read frequency data for both fish and eukaryotes indicated a clear diel change in community composition, with different communities detected during daylight versus dark hours. The abundance signals in our data reflected biological variation rather than stochastic variation, since replicates taken at the same hour were more similar to each other than those taken at different hours. Our compositional results indicated a dynamic community, rather than a static pool of eDNA—even across a few hours. The fish data showed a daily pattern of relative species abundances, and the uncoupling of fish and broader eukaryote data suggest that variation in eDNA profiles across a single day can provide valuable information reflecting diel changes, at least for highly mobile organism groups. However, our results also point to several pitfalls in current eDNA experimental design, in which samples are taken over large areas without relative time‐consistency or short‐term replication. Our findings shed new light on short‐term variation in coastal eDNA and have wide implications for experimental study design and for incorporating temporality into project conceptualization for future aquatic biodiversity monitoring.

Abstract Background Operative hysteroscopic intravascular absorption syndrome (OHIA) is the constellation of signs and symptoms due to fluid overload during hysteroscopic procedures. It can present with hyponatremia, deranged coagulation, pulmonary, and cerebral edema which are life-threatening issues. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent OHIA syndrome which was managed uneventfully. Case presentation A 26-year-old American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) patient presented with primary infertility and prolonged, heavy menstruation. The abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound (USG) revealed a large posterior intramural fibroid of size 6.1 cm × 4.2 cm with submucosal intracavitary extension. She was planned for two-step laparoscopic and hysteroscopic evaluation and resection of the myoma under general anesthesia. Severe OHIA syndrome occurred with 1.5% glycine in phase 1 resection and recurred with 0.9% sodium chloride in phase 2 resection of intrauterine myoma at two different surgical settings. The uniqueness of this case is recurrence of OHIA syndrome in the same patient despite the use of normal saline (NS) due to lack of precautionary measures for fluid management. Conclusions Normal saline as an irrigating medium may not eliminate the risk of OHIA. Lack of adequate fluid management strategies can be detrimental especially in cases of hysteroscopic myoma resections. Following a standard protocol for vigilant monitoring under general anesthesia is the key in successful management.

The purpose of this study is the application of the cooperative learning model in order to improve the learning outcomes of big ball games in class III students of SDN 1 Landasan Ulin Tengah Banjarbaru. The method used in this study is a classroom action research method, namely the researcher as an observer. Observations at the time the teaching and learning process takes place. The subjects of this study were 27 students of class III (three) at SD Negeri 1 Landasan Uling Tengah Banjarbaru for the 2019/2020 academic year, consisting of 16 boys and 11 girls. The process of increasing the ability of learning outcomes in the manipulative motion material of big ball games by emphasizing the cooperative learning model, getting good results based on the predetermined KKM, which is 75. Defined results through cooperative learning model can improve student learning outcomes in motion manipulative big ball game with the following average: Observation of the first meeting was an average value of 70.1 The number of students who reached KKM 75 was 9 students with a percentage of 33.33% and the number of students who did not reach the KKM was 18 students with a percentage of 66.67% . and at the second meeting the average value was 85.5, the number of students who reached KKM 75 was 27 students with a percentage of 100% and the number of students who did not reach the KKM was 0 students with a percentage of 0% so this research was stopped at the second meeting (II).

The occurrence of Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica in Africa is well documented; however, unlike in Asia, there is a paucity of information on the existence of hybrids or parthenogenetic species on the continent. Nonetheless, these hybrid species may have beneficial characteristics, such as increased host range and pathogenicity. This study provides evidence of the potential existence of Fasciola hybrids in Africa. A literature search of articles published between 1980 and 2022 was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. Fasciola species were documented in 26 African countries with F. hepatica being restricted to 12 countries, whilst F. gigantica occurred in 24 countries, identified based on morphological features of adult Fasciola specimens or eggs and molecular techniques. The co-occurrence of both species was reported in 11 countries. However, the occurrence of potential Fasciola hybrids was only confirmed in Egypt and Chad but is suspected in South Africa and Zimbabwe. These were identified based on liver fluke morphometrics, assessment of the sperms in the seminal vesicle, and molecular techniques. The occurrence of intermediate host snails Galba truncatula and Radix natalensis was reported in Ethiopia, Egypt, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda, where F. hepatica and F. gigantica co-occurrences were reported. The invasive Pseudosuccinea columella snails naturally infected with F. gigantica were documented in South Africa and Egypt. In Zimbabwe, P. columella was infected with a presumed parthenogenetic Fasciola. This suggests that the invasive species might also be contributing to the overlapping distributions of the two Fasciola species since it can transmit both species. Notwithstanding the limited studies in Africa, the potential existence of Fasciola hybrids in Africa is real and might mimic scenarios in Asia, where parthenogenetic Fasciola exist in most Asian countries. In South Africa, aspermic F. hepatica and Fasciola sp. have been reported already, and Fasciola hybrids have been reported? in Chad and Egypt. Thus, the authors recommend future surveys using molecular markers recommended to identify Fasciola spp. and their snail intermediate hosts to demarcate areas of overlapping distribution where Fasciola hybrids and/or parthenogenetic Fasciola may occur. Further studies should also be conducted to determine the presence and role of P. columella in the transmission of Fasciola spp. in these geographical overlaps to help prevent parasite spillbacks.

Abstract Background Bovine fasciolosis is an economically important livestock disease in Europe, and represents a particular challenge for organic farms, where cattle are grazed extensively and the use of anthelmintic is limited. A two-year longitudinal study was conducted on two conventional and two organic Danish dairy farms to examine the current temporal trend of F. hepatica infection on-farm, and to gather data of practical relevance for parasite control. Data were collected both at the herd and individual level using currently available diagnostic methods: a commercial serum antibody ELISA, a commercial copro-antigen ELISA, faecal egg counts, and monthly bulk tank milk (BTM) ELISA. The temporal patterns (animal age, farm-level temporal trends and seasonality) in the animal-level test results were analysed by generalised additive mixed models (GAMM). Results Patterns of infection differed substantially between the farms, due to different grazing management and anthelmintic use. However, animals were first infected at the age of 1.5–2 years (heifers), and most at-risk animals sero-converted in autumn, suggesting that summer infections in snails prevail in Denmark. Our results also suggest that the lifespan of the parasite could be over 2 years, as several cows showed signs of low grade infection even after several years of continuous indoor housing without access to freshly-cut grass. The serum antibody ELISA was able to detect infection first, whereas both copro-antigen ELISA and faecal egg counts tended to increase in the same animals at a later point. Decreasing BTM antibody levels were seen on the two farms that started anthelmintic treatment during the study. Conclusions While important differences between farms and over time were seen due to varying grazing management, anthelmintic treatment and climatic conditions, the young stock was consistently seen as the main high-risk group and at least one farm also had suspected transmission (re-infection) within the lactating herd. Careful interpretation of test results is necessary for older cows as they can show persistent infections several years after exposure has stopped. Rigorous treatment regimens can reduce BTM ELISA values, but further research is needed to develop a non-medicinal approach for sustainable management of bovine fasciolosis.

Homestay is a type of accommodation suitable to increase demand for rural tourism. A communal homestay is a form of cooperation of homestay that provides better opportunities for local hosts to benefit from the business. This study aimed to analyze the economic potential of the communal homestay business in terms of financial feasibility and multiplier effect analysis. Primary data were obtained using observation techniques, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively and quantitatively. The feasibility of study for the communal homestay business used a feasibility analysis (NPV, BCR and IRR), whereas the economic impact of the homestay business used a multiplier effect analysis. The results of the financial analysis of the communal homestay business in the three study location provinces showed results that were feasible to run. Based on the financial feasibility criteria for the communal homestay business, the IC model had the highest values for NPV, BCR dan IRR (NPV = IDR 1. 140.202.993,00; BCR = 1,28 and IRR = 61,15%). The multiplier effect of the communal homestay business has had a positive impact which is 1.8, on increasing regional economic output in the form of an increase in GRDP and absorption of local workers. Keywords: tourism village, financial feasibility, multiplier effect, communal, homestay

The low pedagodic ability of the teacher affects in carrying out a practical learning activity in class V SDN Barat 02 Padang, Lumajang and learning with lecture model and assignments carried out by the teacher during the learning delivery process taking place at SDN BARAT 02 Padang, Lumajang. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and document study. This study shows the concept of learning cognitivism, which is a learning process involving mental activities in students and the implementation of the concept of learning cognitivism through practicum in science subjects in class V SDN Barat 02 Padang, Lumajang.Teachers make preparations for various things, from the material that will be delivered until the material used for practice and things important during the learning process.

The most common congenital central airway anomaly, a tracheal bronchus is of concern during airway management especially if previously undetected. If present, it can lead to inadequate ventilation both during intubation with a normal endotracheal tube and an attempted double lumen tube insertion for one lung ventilation. Meticulous preoperative assessment and use of adjuncts like bronchoscopy before lung isolation can safely and successfully assist the anaesthetic management of such cases.

The Influence Of Learning Model Under The Passing Skills Of Playing Volleyball Miniature. the purpose of this research is to know the influence of learning model under the passing skills of playing volleyball mini on participant sample class IV Stage of elementary school Sungai Besar 2 Banjarbaru. The research method is experimentation. The population in the study are learners learner class IV Stage of elementary school Sungai Besar 2 Banjarbaru that add up to 20 people. Sampling techniques using the technique of total sampling. Then do a test early (pre-test), were given treatment (treatment) and the ultimate test (post-test). The researchresults of t count (11, 68) > t table (2,093) and average value of pre - test passing down 4.99 average rating, post-test 7.55 to the percentage increase of 52%. Conclusions in this study that there is influence the learning model under the passing skills of playing volleyball mini learners class IV Stage of elementary school Sungai Besar 2 Banjarbaru. Keywords: Model play, passing under the mini volleyball

This study aims to determine the effect of exercise E-Movement Cone Drill Against Agility Futsal Player SMPN 3 Banjarbaru. The method used in this research that used quasi-experimental method (quasi-experimental research) with data collection techniques through tests.The study population was who following the extracurricular futsal in SMPN 3 Banjarbaru totaling 24 people. While taken as the sample in this study consisted of 15 people by using purposive sampling or sampling with consideration. A conclusion of the study in the know: there is exercise E-Movement Cone Drill influence on the Agility Futsal Player SMPN 3 Banjarbaru. Keywords: Effect, Agility, Exercise E-Movement Cone Drill

Telah dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan media piring plastic dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik melakukan tahapan gerakan lempar cakram. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Bongkang yang berjumlah 13 orang pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Jenis instrumen yang digunakan dalam tindakan kelas ini adalah observasi hasil belajar peserta didikdengan melalui tes perbuatan. Analisis dan refleksi data digunakan interpretasi persentasi berdasarkan hasil observasi dan nilai tes perbuatan peserta didik pada setiap siklus dan pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar melalui tes perbuatan yang dilaksanakan pada pertemuan I dan pertemuan II menunjukkan peningkatan secara signifikan. Hal ini dibuktikan dari nilai rata-rata siklus I pertemuan 1 yaitu 68,26, pada pertemuan 2 menjadi 73,56 dan pada siklus II pertemuan 1, menjadi 76,44, yang berarti berada di atas indikator yang diharapkan. Atas temuan tersebut, maka penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan berhasil dan tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan tercapai.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media piring plastik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar lempar cakram pada peserta didik kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Bongkang. Kata Kunci : Modifikasi, Kemampuan, Lempar dan Piring Plastik

Tumpa is the name of mountain located at the northern part of the Manado City region which bordering The National Park of Bunaken. As a mountainous region with a height of ±623m (asl), it occupies a strategic position. In addition to being adjacent to the park, it is also part of uplands owned by the city of Manado. It serves as buffer zone (green belt) of water, horticultural and agricultural areas with mangrove coastal areas. Master Plan of Tourism Development Region in Manado City used as part of ecotourism products from mountain and forest, but so far there has been no in-depth study to assess the holistic perception of tourist in the development potency of the region as an integrated tourism in Tumpa Mountain area. This study was purposed to determine the tourist perception toward the potential development as integrated ecotourism. This research involved a qualitative research approach, described by using figures on the percentage. Fieldwork was used as a questionnaire survey. The analysis measurement using Likert Scale, scoring and analysis combined with the analysis of the interest rate (level of importance). This study result shows that the average respondent answered good with the score range between 3.5 until 4.2. It means the respondents have argued that every indicator; natural, social-cultural and infrastructure that exists in the region Tumpa Mount area is still in good condition. In the level of interest the respondents answered between 3.6 until 4.6 with category important. This means respondents expect that good environmental circumstances will be always maintained and linked with the development of tourist attraction which is very suitable to be developed as ecotourism. In conclusion, the indicators are considered good and important to be developed as an integrated ecotourism area. Keywords: Ecotourism, Integrated, Perception, Tourist, Tumpa Mount.

Effect of Arms’ Muscle Strength Exercise Through Pull Up on Improving of performance of Speed Track for the Athletes of Indonesian Rock Climbing Federation, Banjarbaru. This research uses the quasi experimental method. The population in this research are all the athletes of Indonesian Rock Climbing Federation, Banjarbaru. Population using the total sampling technique.Data collected in the form of quantitative data are the data of testing result on speed tract. The result of analysis on the differences of the results of the pretest and the posttest shows that performance of speed tract indicates t-count= 4.440 with p = 0.004; p is lower than 0.05 (p

Abstract Background A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) using chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) carriers with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in five independent Chinese populations found that one SNP (rs17401966) in KIF1B was associated with susceptibility to HCC. In the present study, a total of 580 HBV-derived HCC cases and 1351 individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or asymptomatic carrier (ASC) were used for replication studies in order to evaluate the reported association with HBV-derived HCC in other East Asian populations. Results We did not detect any associations between rs17401966 and HCC in the Japanese cohorts (replication 1: OR = 1.09, 95 % CI = 0.82-1.43; replication 2: OR = 0.79, 95 % CI = 0.54-1.15), in the Korean cohort (replication 3: OR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.66-1.36), or in the Hong Kong Chinese cohort (replication 4: OR = 1.17, 95 % CI = 0.79-1.75). Meta-analysis using these cohorts also did not show any associations with P = 0.97. Conclusions None of the replication cohorts showed associations between rs17401966 and HBV-derived HCC. This may be due to differences in the genetic diversity among the Japanese, Korean and Chinese populations. Other reasons could be the high complexity of multivariate interactions between the genomic information and the phenotype that is manifesting. A much wider range of investigations is needed in order to elucidate the differences in HCC susceptibility among these Asian populations.