Search

The main objective of this study is to indicate the influence of local macroeconomic factors, consequently GDP growth rates, the reference interest rate, industrial production growth rates, Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG) returns and the volume of private equity investments, on the number of initial public offerings (IPOs) in an emerging market, Poland, over the period of 2004 to 2012. Our sample includes 218 local enterprises that conducted an IPO on the Main Market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Financial and privatized companies are excluded from the data processing. As follows from the previous studies, the situation in the year preceding the company initial public offering is crucial. Therefore, we used a model with one-year delay for all the explanatory variables in relation to the dependent variable (i.e. number of new listing). The model estimation was performed with the Ordinary Least Squares method. The main conclusion of our model is that the GDP growth has a significant impact on the number of new issues. This result implies that the business cycle has a direct impact on the IPO activity in the Polish capital market. The next conclusion is that the attractiveness of a capital market for investors measured by annual index returns appears to be an important factor for going public activities. Surprisingly, the model could confirm that other macroeconomic and capital market factors have had no explanatory power for IPO numbers in Poland between 2004 and 2012. || El objetivo principal del presente estudio consiste en demostrar la influencia de factores macroeconómicos locales tales como la tasa de crecimiento del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB), la tasa de interés anual de referencia, la tasa de crecimiento de la producción industrial, el retorno de la inversión del Mercado de Valores de Varsovia (GPW) y el volumen de inversiones de capital privado, en el número de ofertas públicas de venta (OPV) en un mercado emergente como el de Polonia en el periodo 2004-2012. Nuestra muestra incluye a 218 empresas locales que durante ese periodo llevaron a cabo alguna OPV en el Mercado de Valores de Varsovia. Las empresas financieras y las empresas públicas privatizadas están excluidas del estudio en el tratamiento de los datos. Como se desprende de los estudios previos, la situación financiera de las empresas durante el año precedente a la OPV es crucial; por lo tanto, hemos utilizado un modelo que tiene en cuenta los datos del año anterior para todas las variables explicativas en relación con la variable dependiente (por ejemplo, el número de nuevas entradas). El modelo de estimación se realizó usando el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. La principal conclusión del uso de nuestro modelo es que el crecimiento del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) tiene un impacto significativo en el número de nuevas emisiones de valores. Este resultado implica que el ciclo económico tiene un impacto directo en la actividad del Mercado de Valores de Varsovia en lo que se refiere a las OPV. La siguiente conclusión es que el atractivo de un mercado de capitales para los inversores, medido por los índices de rendimiento anuales, parece ser un factor importante en la actividad de las OPV. Sorprendentemente, el modelo podrá confirmar que otros factores macroeconómicos y del mercado de capitales, no hay tenido ningún poder explicativo en el número de OPV registradas en Polonia durante el periodo 2004-2012.

In this paper, we intend to contribute evidence in regard to going public financial impact and thus motivation on a sample of mature companies that launched an IPO at the Warsaw Stock Exchange between 2005 and 2015. First, we review recent literature focusing on financial and non-financial consequences of an IPO. Next, we use fuzzy sets and fuzzy reasoning to define a “mature” company and assess financial consequences of going public. Our main conclusion is that the majority of Polish mature companies use an IPO as a channel how to raise capital and accelerate their investments and growth. This contradicts many previous empirical studies highlighting that the main motivation of mature companies to go public is to use the capital raised within an IPO to rebalance their capital structure.

Abstract In this article, the authors study the relevance of the market timing hypothesis of going public, which tends to explain the lower post-issue operating performance of Czech initial public offerings. The data collected under the conditions of the Czech capital market are compared with the performance of companies selected from the main European stock exchanges, when they decided to adopt the IPO strategy. Achieving the objective required an empirical survey that involved a collection of accounting data in companies that had completed an initial public offer in the Czech capital market. The data were evaluated by financial performance measures. The comparisons were made using descriptive statistical methods. The research results broaden and deepen the present understanding of the market timing hypothesis in companies going public, particularly in the Czech Republic.