Search

The purpose of this study was to find out the challenges of online-based leadership implementation in post-pandemic educational innovation applications at Public Aliyah Madrasah (MAN). This study uses a qualitative approach with purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings show that: The challenge in improving the quality and competitiveness of online-based schools after the pandemic is the need to develop superior human resources to prepare the community and nation to face the knowledge age as a competitive era. The challenge in Human Resources (HR) and online-based finance after the pandemic is to build a new structure that improves teacher coordination and collaboration that utilizes the expertise of all educators, ultimately leading to better working conditions and workplaces; As for the challenges in improving the quality of online-based leadership post-pandemic, namely leadership that is disruptive to the current progress and creative in terms of policies which include the stages of preparation, enlightenment, elaboration, and verification.

Despite the presence of UN peace operations for more than two decades, the human rights situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is still dire. This article illustrates the types of violations of human rights and hindrances to protect human rights in MONUSCO. Methodologically being a qualitative study, it is based on existing literature and key informant interviews. Killings of civilians, sexual and gender-based violence, child soldiers, war crimes and crimes against humanity are major types of human rights violations in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study argues that due to structural challenges, like the bureaucratic structure of MONUSCO, inadequacy of budget and juristic limitation of the Peacekeeping Force, and operational challenges, like challenges in the protection of civilians and UN personnel, the paucity of logistics and manpower and also gender-based violence by some UN personnel and peacekeepers in MONUSCO, the UN forces failed to maintain and defend human rights properly.